Note 5 – Goodwill and Intangibles

We account for goodwill and other intangible assets under GAAP. Under GAAP, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are instead tested for impairment (i) on at least an annual basis and (ii) when changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of goodwill may be below its carrying value. These circumstances include but are not limited to (i) a significant adverse change in the business climate, (ii) unanticipated competition or (iii) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator. Determining impairment involves estimating the fair value of a reporting unit using a combination of (i) the income or discounted cash flow approach and (ii) the market approach that utilizes comparable companies’ data. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the amount of the impairment loss must be measured. The impairment loss is calculated by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill to its carrying amount. In calculating the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, the fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the amount assigned to its other assets and liabilities is the implied value of goodwill. We recognize impairment loss when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Our goodwill totaled $35,624,660 as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025.

In 2025 and 2024, we engaged an independent valuation firm to aid in the completion of an annual impairment test for existing goodwill acquired. For 2025 and 2024, after the testing was completed, we determined that there was no impairment to goodwill for Scott-Rice and SETC as the determined fair value was sufficient to pass the impairment test. For 2025, after the testing was completed, we determined that there was no impairment to goodwill for Hutchinson Telephone Company (HTC) as the determined fair value was sufficient to pass the impairment test. For 2024, after the testing was completed, we determined that there was an impairment to goodwill for HTC of $4.9 million as the determined fair value was not sufficient to pass the impairment test.

Our intangible assets subject to amortization consist of acquired customer relationships and video franchise rights. We amortize intangible assets with finite lives over their respective estimated useful lives. In addition, we periodically reassess the carrying value, useful lives, and classifications of our identifiable intangible assets.

The components of our identified intangible assets are as follows:

Amortization expense related to the definite-lived intangible assets was $1,021,195 and $1,026,116 for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025. Amortization expense for the remaining six months of 2026 and the five years subsequent to 2026 is estimated to be: