NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.

Going Concern – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to fund its research and development (“R&D”) activities and meet its obligations on a timely basis. As of June 30, 2026, the Company reported approximately $937,512 of cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents, a working capital deficit of approximately $30.9 million, and an accumulated deficit and stockholders’ deficit of approximately $97.8 million and $30.5 million, respectively. Additionally, during the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company used approximately $5.1 million of net cash in operating activities, had a net loss of approximately $6.9 million and has no revenues. During the six months ended June 30, 2026, we received aggregate net proceeds of $4.4 million from the sale of common stock in connection with ELOC fundings and debt financings. Additional funds are necessary to maintain current operations and to continue R&D activities. However, there can be no assurance that sufficient funding will be available to allow the Company to successfully continue its R&D activities and planned regulatory filings with the FDA. If the Company is unable to obtain the necessary funds, significant reductions in spending and the delay or cancellation of planned activities may be necessary. These actions would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, and prospects. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Use of estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of expenses incurred during the reporting period. Items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the estimates of the fair value of investments in equity securities, common stock, the fair value of derivative liabilities, the fair value of preferred stock liabilities, the fair value of stock-based compensation expense, the present value of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, the valuation of earnout liability, the value of deemed dividends and inducement expense, and the valuation allowance associated with deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents – The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity from the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposited with banks, including a money market sweep account, and restricted cash of $74,756 and $74,756, respectively, held on account by a financial institution as collateral for a demand letter of credit issued as a real estate security deposit. The demand letter of credit expires at the end of the Company’s operating lease in September 2026.

Investment in equity securities - The Company’s investment in equity securities consisted of Series D Preferred Stock of Stella Diagnostics, Inc. (“Stella”), which was held by the Company as of June 30, 2025 and sold during the three months ended September 30, 2025. There was no gain or loss on the sale. Investments in equity securities were initially measured at cost. Cost was based upon either the cost of the investment or the estimated market value of the investment at the time it was acquired, whichever can be more clearly determined. The Company elected the measurement alternative for equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Under this alternative, if the Company identified an observable price change in an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, the Company measured the equity security at fair value as of the date that the observable transaction occurred. Any adjustments resulting from observable price changes were recognized in earnings. The Company monitored these investments for changes in observable prices from orderly transactions and assesses them for impairment. If an equity security was deemed to be impaired, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings, measured as the difference between the investment’s cost and its fair value at the impairment assessment date.

Concentration of credit risk – Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents. The Company’s cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents are on deposit with two financial institutions that management believe are of sufficiently high credit quality. Deposits at any of the Company’s financial institutions may, at times, exceed federal insured limits. As of June 30, 2026, deposits in excess of federal insured limits amounted to approximately $609,000.

Investor concentrations – Generally, the Company receives substantially all of its funding from two investors. The loss of these investors would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition. If the Company is unable to obtain the necessary funds from new investors, significant reductions in spending and the delay or cancellation of planned activities may be necessary. These actions would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, and prospects.

Property and equipment – Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to five years or the remaining lease term for leasehold improvements, if shorter. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Upon disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

Impairment of long-lived assets – The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, management determines whether there has been an impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the related asset’s carrying value. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset is written down to fair value, which is determined based either on discounted cash flows or appraised value, depending on the nature of the asset. Through June 30, 2026, the Company has not experienced any impairment losses on its long-lived assets.

Leases – The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. A lease is an operating or financing contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of an identified tangible asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

At lease inception, the Company recognizes a lease liability equal to the present value of the remaining lease payments, and a right of use asset equal to the lease liability, subject to certain adjustments, such as for lease incentives. In determining the present value of the lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, determined by estimating the Company’s applicable, fully collateralized borrowing rate, with adjustment as appropriate for lease term. The lease term at the lease commencement date is determined based on the non-cancellable period for which the Company has the right to use the underlying asset, together with any periods covered by an extension option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option.

Right-of-use assets and obligations for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are considered short term and are (a) not recognized in the balance sheet and (b) recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not sublease any of its leased assets to third parties and the Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

The accounting for leases includes a number of reassessment and re-measurement requirements for lessees based on certain triggering events or impairment conditions. There were no impairment indicators identified during the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, that would require impairment testing of the Company’s right-of-use assets.

Certain of the Company’s leases include variable lease costs to reimburse the lessor for real estate tax and insurance expenses, and certain non-lease components that transfer a distinct service to the Company, such as common area maintenance services. The Company has elected to separate the accounting for fixed lease components and variable and non-lease components for real estate and equipment leases. The variable lease costs are recorded on the consolidated statement of operations as rent expense, within general and administrative expenses. The Company does not have any financing leases as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Derivative financial instruments – The Company evaluates financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Derivative instruments are initially recorded at fair value on the grant date and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

Preferred stock liabilities – In May 2026, as a result of the issuance of additional convertible promissory notes and the reduction of preferred stock conversion prices from $0.05 to $0.01, the Company no longer had sufficient authorized shares in the event that all potentially dilutive instruments were exercised. Accordingly, beginning in May 2026, certain of the Company’s embedded conversion features on preferred stock caused the preferred shares to be treated as preferred stock liabilities for accounting purposes under ASC 815-40 due to insufficient authorized shares to fully settle conversion features of the preferred stock instruments, if exercised. As a result, the Company evaluated certain preferred stock instruments issued and determined that shares of Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock no longer qualified as equity instruments and qualify for derivative liability treatment. In this case, the Company utilized the latest inception date sequencing method to reclassify certain outstanding preferred stock instruments from equity to preferred stock liabilities. The fair value of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred stock is measured using the as if converted method, which included contractual terms such as the number of shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding, the $1,000 issued stated value, and the current conversion price. The as if converted method also utilizes observable inputs, such as the underlying common stock price on the measurement date and the period end remeasurement date. On the measurement date, the fair value of the Series D Preferred Stock and Series E Preferred Stock were reclassified out of equity and recorded as preferred stock liabilities. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company reclassified $21,584,122 out of equity and recorded preferred stock liabilities - Series D convertible preferred stock of $8,784,862 and recorded preferred stock liabilities - Series E convertible preferred stock of $12,799,260. The preferred stock liabilities are recognized at fair value with changes in fair value recognized as an increase or decrease in loss until such time as the conditions giving rise to such preferred stock liability classifications are settled. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized a gain on reevaluation of preferred stock liabilities of $6,610,240.

Earnout liability - As a result of the Merger in February 2024, the Company recognized an initial earnout liability of approximately $4.9 million on the merger date. The earnout liability is measured using unobservable (Level 3) inputs and is included in current liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Historically, the Company estimated the fair value of the earnout liability by applying a Monte-Carlo simulation method using the Company’s projection of future operating results and the estimated probability of achievement of the earnout target metrics. The Monte-Carlo simulation is a generally accepted statistical technique used to generate a defined number of valuation paths in order to develop a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the earnout liability. The liability was remeasured to fair value using the Monte-Carlo simulation method at each reporting period, and the change in fair value is recognized in other income (expense) until the contingency is resolved. Earnout target metrics include (i) the achievement of certain stock price-based earnout targets related to 500 earnout common shares and (ii) upon closing of a definitive agreement with respect to a change of control related to 100 earnout common shares. On February 5, 2024, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement to modify the stock-price based milestones such that (a) the trading price condition for the first level earnout target related to 250 common shares was reset to $25,000 or 125% of the conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock, which equals $0.0125 as of June 30, 2026 and (b) the trading price condition for the second level earnout target related to 250 common shares was reset to $30,000 or 150% of the conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock, which equals $0.015 as of June 30, 2026. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company did not record a gain or loss from the change in fair value of the earnout liability. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recorded a gain from the change in fair value of the earnout liability of $0 and $19,500, respectively, which is included in other income (expense), net on the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 600 shares of the Company’s common stock are issuable pursuant to the earnout target metrics and the Company estimates that the earnout liability amount is insignificant.

Fair value measurements – The Company’s assets and liabilities are carried at fair value. Fair value is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. In determining fair value, the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability (the inputs) are based on a tiered fair value hierarchy consisting of three levels, as follows:

Carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, convertible notes payable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

On June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the fair value of the Company’s derivative liabilities, preferred stock liabilities, and earnout liability (see Note 10 for details) was classified as follows:  

The changes in the fair value measurements using significant inputs (Level 3) are summarized in Note 10.

Research and development – R&D costs consist primarily of salaries and benefits, including stock-based compensation, occupancy, materials and supplies, contracted research, consulting arrangements, and other expenses incurred in the pursuit of the Company’s R&D programs. R&D costs are expensed as incurred.

Stock-based compensation – The Company periodically issues common stock and stock options to officers, directors, and consultants for services rendered. Stock-based compensation accounting requires the recognition of stock-based compensation expense, using a grant date fair value-based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards granted to employees and non-employees. Companies are required to estimate the fair value of all share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model, and the Company uses a Black-Scholes option pricing model (“Black-Scholes”) to estimate option award fair value. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment:

The fair value of restricted stock awards is based upon the estimated share price of the common stock on the date of grant.

Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. All options and restricted stock awards granted since inception are expensed on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is usually the vesting period, or as certain performance-based vesting terms become probable. The related amounts are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Income taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

The Company follows tax accounting requirements for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure in the financial statements of any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. No liability related to uncertain tax positions is recorded in the financial statements. It is the Company’s policy to include penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense, as necessary. The Company has not recorded any interest or penalties associated with income tax. Tax years subsequent to 2022 are subject to examination by federal and state authorities.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted, which included among other provisions the restoration of immediate expensing of domestic research and experimental (“R&E”) expenditures under Section 174. Pursuant to the OBBBA’s transition rules, the Company elected to expense all unamortized domestic R&E costs previously capitalized between 2022 and 2024.

Loss per common share – The Company reports both basic and diluted loss per common share. Basic loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and excludes the dilutive effect of convertible preferred stock, warrants for convertible preferred stock or common stock, stock options or any other type of convertible securities. Diluted loss per common share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding and when the effect of stock options, warrants and other types of convertible securities is dilutive, they are included in the calculation. Dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted loss per common share calculation if their effect is anti-dilutive, such as in periods where the Company reports a net loss (See Note 3).

Segment reporting - Operating segments are defined as components of a business for which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company operates as a single operating and reporting segment, reflecting our sole focus in developing next generation engineered T cell therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Our Chief Executive Officer serves as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), responsible for assessing the Company’s performance and making resource allocation decisions. The CODM evaluates financial information on a consolidated basis, focusing on key metrics such as research and development expense, general and administrative expenses, and other income/expenses, which is reflected on the face of the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The CODM allocates resources based on the Company’s available cash resources, forecasted cash flow, and expenditures on a consolidated basis, as well as an assessment of the probability of success of its research and development activities. Resource allocation decisions are informed by budgeted and forecasted expense information, along with actual expenses incurred to date. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets. Disaggregated profit or loss information at the program or functional level is not regularly provided to or relied upon by the CODM, as our integrated operating model emphasizes shared resources and centralized decision-making.

Accounting standards not yet adopted – In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires entities to provide more detailed disaggregation of expenses in the income statement, focusing on the nature of the expenses rather than their function. The new disclosures will require entities to separately present expenses for significant line items, including but not limited to, depreciation, amortization, and employee compensation. Entities will also be required to provide a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, provide a definition of what constitutes selling expenses. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing this ASU to determine the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270), Narrow-Scope Improvements, to provide clarity about the current requirements, rather than evaluate whether to expand or reduce interim disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2025-11 result in a comprehensive list of interim disclosures that are required by GAAP. The amendments in ASU 2025-11 also include a disclosure principle that requires entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The amendments in ASU 2025-11 are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in ASU 2025-11 can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the disclosure impact that ASU 2025-11 may have on its financial statement presentation and disclosures. 

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.