Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Notes to Financial Statements
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Operations ImmuCell Corporation, founded in 1982 and an SEC-registered public company since 1987, is an animal health biologics company focused on the development, manufacture, and commercialization of products intended to improve the survivability, health, and long-term performance of neonatal dairy and beef calves. Our primary product line, First Defense^®, utilizes hyperimmunized bovine colostrum to provide pathogen-specific antibodies and other bioactive components. In the United States, First Defense^® products are regulated as veterinary biologics by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Center for Veterinary Biologics under the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act. In Canada, products are regulated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and in other countries, the products are regulated by similar agencies. Certain product formats are marketed as feed supplements regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. References to ImmuCell (“the Company”) throughout this document are made using the first person notations of “we”, “us” and “our”. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 for further information about our company and strategy. Seasonality of Sales Sales of the First Defense^® product line are seasonal, with higher sales expected during the first quarter of the calendar year, largely driven by the beef calving season, which runs primarily from January to April, unlike the dairy industry where operations generally calve year-round. Warm and dry weather conditions may reduce the producers’ perceived need for disease prevention products such as the First Defense^® product line. However, heat stress on calves caused by extremely hot summer weather and cold stress during the winter months can increase the incidence of scours and the need for our products. Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with (i) United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and (ii) the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of our management, our condensed unaudited financial statements and accompanying notes (the “Financial Statements”) include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for the fair statement of the interim periods presented. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements (and notes thereto) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Although we regularly assess these estimates, actual amounts could differ from those estimates and are subject to change in the near term. Changes in estimates are recorded during the period in which they become known. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, our valuation of inventory, deferred tax assets, and the impairment of long-lived assets. In connection with the idle status of certain property, plant and equipment, net (related to the repurposing of certain equipment previously utilized in the manufacturing of Re-Tain^®), we reassessed prior estimates of the useful lives of that manufacturing equipment during December 2025. Because the equipment had seen such limited use since installation, we increased the estimated remaining useful lives on certain equipment by a weighted average of five years. The effect of this change in estimate, effective January 1, 2026, for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was a $0.1 million decrease to depreciation expense included in costs of goods sold, and an increase in operating income and net income of $0.1 million, or $0.01 per both basic and diluted share. The effect of this change in estimate for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was a $0.2 million decrease to depreciation expense included in costs of goods sold, and an increase in operating income and net income of $0.2 million, or $0.02 per both basic and diluted share. See Note 5, “Property, Plant and Equipment” for further information. Significant Accounting Policies The accounting policies used in preparing these condensed financial statements are the same as those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years are to our fiscal years, which end on December 31. *Accounting Pronouncement Not* Yet Adopted** In November of 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, to provide disaggregated disclosures of specific expense categories underlying all relevant income statement expense line items on an annual and interim basis. The disclosure requirements will be applied on a prospective basis, with the option to apply it retrospectively. The effective date for the standard is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating ASU 2024-03 to determine its impact on our financial statements and expect to apply the standard on a prospective basis. During the six months ended June 30, 2026, there were no other newly issued or newly applicable accounting pronouncements that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s Financial Statements.

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2026

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

ImmuCell Corporation, founded in 1982 and an SEC-registered public company since 1987, is an animal health biologics company focused on the development, manufacture, and commercialization of products intended to improve the survivability, health, and long-term performance of neonatal dairy and beef calves. Our primary product line, First Defense^®, utilizes hyperimmunized bovine colostrum to provide pathogen-specific antibodies and other bioactive components. In the United States, First Defense^® products are regulated as veterinary biologics by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Center for Veterinary Biologics under the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act. In Canada, products are regulated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and in other countries, the products are regulated by similar agencies. Certain product formats are marketed as feed supplements regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. References to ImmuCell (“the Company”) throughout this document are made using the first person notations of “we”, “us” and “our”. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 for further information about our company and strategy.

Seasonality of Sales

Sales of the First Defense^® product line are seasonal, with higher sales expected during the first quarter of the calendar year, largely driven by the beef calving season, which runs primarily from January to April, unlike the dairy industry where operations generally calve year-round. Warm and dry weather conditions may reduce the producers’ perceived need for disease prevention products such as the First Defense^® product line. However, heat stress on calves caused by extremely hot summer weather and cold stress during the winter months can increase the incidence of scours and the need for our products.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with (i) United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and (ii) the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of our management, our condensed unaudited financial statements and accompanying notes (the “Financial Statements”) include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for the fair statement of the interim periods presented. Interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements (and notes thereto) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Although we regularly assess these estimates, actual amounts could differ from those estimates and are subject to change in the near term. Changes in estimates are recorded during the period in which they become known. Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, our valuation of inventory, deferred tax assets, and the impairment of long-lived assets.

In connection with the idle status of certain property, plant and equipment, net (related to the repurposing of certain equipment previously utilized in the manufacturing of Re-Tain^®), we reassessed prior estimates of the useful lives of that manufacturing equipment during December 2025. Because the equipment had seen such limited use since installation, we increased the estimated remaining useful lives on certain equipment by a weighted average of five years. The effect of this change in estimate, effective January 1, 2026, for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was a $0.1 million decrease to depreciation expense included in costs of goods sold, and an increase in operating income and net income of $0.1 million, or $0.01 per both basic and diluted share. The effect of this change in estimate for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was a $0.2 million decrease to depreciation expense included in costs of goods sold, and an increase in operating income and net income of $0.2 million, or $0.02 per both basic and diluted share.

See Note 5, “Property, Plant and Equipment” for further information.

Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting policies used in preparing these condensed financial statements are the same as those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years are to our fiscal years, which end on December 31.

Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

In November of 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, to provide disaggregated disclosures of specific expense categories underlying all relevant income statement expense line items on an annual and interim basis. The disclosure requirements will be applied on a prospective basis, with the option to apply it retrospectively. The effective date for the standard is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating ASU 2024-03 to determine its impact on our financial statements and expect to apply the standard on a prospective basis.

During the six months ended June 30, 2026, there were no other newly issued or newly applicable accounting pronouncements that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s Financial Statements.