The Company has entered into notes payable agreements with third parties. The tables below summarize these agreements as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, providing details on contractual maturity dates, contractual interest rates, unpaid principal balances, fair value adjustments, original issue discounts, including proceeds allocated to warrants, and net carrying values.

Most of the Company’s notes payable are accounted for under the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825, with changes in fair value recorded in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For instruments measured at fair value, no effective interest rate is presented, as changes in fair value capture all economic returns associated with these debt instruments. Although the stated interest rates on the SPA Portfolio Notes varies between 3.5% and 15%, the Company’s effective cost of capital is substantially higher. Each SPA Portfolio Note permits the holder to settle in shares at a value exceeding the stated principal and accrued interest. In addition, each noteholder receives an SPA Portfolio Warrant, and certain holders receive an Incremental Warrant. These settlement features and additional instruments have significant value and materially increase the effective cost of capital above the stated rates. Further, these instruments carry high interest rate structures and embedded economics that can result in a loss on issuance. The financial impact of the SPA Portfolio Notes is reflected in the change in fair value and loss on extinguishment line items in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.



	June 30, 2026
(in thousands)	Contractual Maturity Date	Contractual Interest Rates					Unpaid Principal Balance			Fair Value Measurement Adjustments		Original Issue Discount and Proceeds Allocated to Warrants		Net Carrying Value
2023 Unsecured SPA Notes	Various through April 2032	10	%	-		15%	$	4,500		$	193	$	(450)	$	4,243
Junior Secured SPA Notes	Various through December 2030	10%					4,727			(124)		—		4,603
2024 Unsecured SPA Notes	July 2030	10%					33			5		—		38
2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes	Various through June 2031	10%					8,538			(2,462)		(2,703)		3,373
2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes	August 2030	10%					14,738			(57)		(3,026)		11,655
Unsecured Convertible Notes	Various dates in 2026	4.27%					6,500			(1,557)		—		4,943
Secured Streeterville Notes	April 2028	3.5	%	—	%	9%	45,780		(1)	(1,934)		(750)		43,096
May 2026 Convertible Notes	May 2027	8%					27,000			(1,444)		(2,000)		23,556
Notes payable – China other	Due on Demand	—%					4,421			—		—		4,421


							$	116,237		$	(7,380)	$	(8,929)	$	99,928


Notes payable, current portion														$	27,977
Notes payable, long-term portion														$	71,951

(1) Principal amounts exclude accrued and unpaid interest. Interest on the Secured Streeterville B Note with a principal of $30,000 thousand compounds daily; accrued interest is excluded from the principal amounts presented for all notes


	December 31, 2025
(in thousands)	Contractual Maturity Date	Contractual Interest Rates			Unpaid Principal Balance		Fair Value Measurement Adjustments		Original Issue Discount and Proceeds Allocated to Warrants		Net Carrying Value

2023 Unsecured SPA Notes	Various through November 2031	10%	-	15%	8,100		(622)		(810)		6,668
Junior Secured SPA Notes	Various through December 2030	10%			12,107		(705)		—		11,402
2024 Unsecured SPA Notes	Various through December 2030	10%			6,070		(252)		—		5,818
2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes	Various dates in 2030	10%			5,508		(1,096)		(2,304)		2,108
2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes	August 2030	10%			37,592		(3,079)		(7,717)		26,796
Unsecured Convertible Notes	June 2026	4.27%			5,000		(1,558)		—		3,442
Notes payable – China other	Due on Demand	—%			4,290		—		—		4,290
2025 Convertible Note - AIXC	January 2026	—%			132		32		(22)		142


					$	78,799	$	(7,280)	$	(10,853)	$	60,666

Notes payable, current portion											$	4,432
Notes payable, long-term portion											$	56,234

The following table presents a roll forward of the Company’s Notes payable balances from March 31, 2026 to June 30, 2026 with third parties. The table summarizes beginning and ending balances by debt category and details changes during the period, including repayments, conversions, reclassifications, fair value adjustments, and other significant transactions.


	Categories of Debt
(in thousands)	2023 Unsecured SPA Notes		Unsecured Convertible Notes		Junior Secured SPA Notes		2024 Unsecured SPA Notes		2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes		2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes		Notes payable – China other		Streeterville Secured Notes		May 2026 Convertible Notes		Total
Balance as of March 31, 2026 (a)	$	4,356	$	4,139	$	7,263	$	40	3,442		22,778		$	4,349	$	—	$	—	$	46,367
New Issuances (b)	450		724		—		—		—		—		—		45,000		25,000		71,174



Conversion of Debt to Equity (c)	(712)		—		(2,580)		—		—		(11,348)		—		—		—		(14,640)


Fair Value Adjustments of Debt (d)	149		80		(80)		(2)		(69)		225		—		(1,904)		(1,444)		(3,045)


Other Adjustments (e)	—		—		—		—		$	—			72		—		—		72
Balance as of June 30, 2026 (f)	$	4,243	$	4,943	$	4,603	$	38	$	3,373	$	11,655	$	4,421	$	43,096	$	23,556	$	99,928



(a) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of March 31, 2026.
(b) Debt instruments issued during the period, recorded at fair value upon issuance if the fair value option is elected, or at principal balance net of discounts. For notes measured at fair value, the aggregate fair value adjustment recognized at issuance reduced the principal amount of notes issued during the period by $3,107 thousand. This reduction reflects the allocation of total transaction proceeds between the SPA Notes and the related SPA Warrants and Incremental Warrants issued as part of the bundled transaction.



(c) Fair value of debt converted into equity during the period.


(d) Adjustments to debt fair value due to the fair value option election, embedded derivatives, or anti-dilution provisions. These adjustments are presented as a component of Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Line-item Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options also includes debt issuance costs of $5,497 thousand, which are separately identifiable from the fair value adjustments noted above. Instruments with a zero balance in this line are carried at amortized cost; the fair value option was not elected for such instruments.


(e) Miscellaneous changes not captured in other columns, such as currency adjustments and reclassification to accrued expenses.
(f) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of June 30, 2026.

The following table presents a roll forward of the Company’s Notes payable balances from March 31, 2025 to June 30, 2025 with third parties. The table summarizes beginning and ending balances by debt category and details changes during the period, including repayments, conversions, reclassifications, fair value adjustments, and other significant transactions.


	Categories of Debt
(in thousands)	Secured SPA Notes		2023 Unsecured SPA Notes		Junior Secured SPA Notes		2024 Unsecured SPA Notes		2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes		Notes payable – China other		Total
Balance as of March 31, 2025 (a)	$	2,389	$	—	$	6,060	$	11,330	$	763	$	4,132	$	24,674
New Issuances (b)	—		4,500		—		—		9,287		—		13,787

Repayment of Debt, including periodic interest on debt carried at fair value (c)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—

Conversion of Debt to Equity (d)	(2,946)		—		(6,904)		(5,847)		(3,510)		—		(19,207)


Fair Value Adjustments of Debt (e)	557		39		844		4,526		2,757		—		8,723


Other Adjustments (f)	—		—		—		—		—		56		56
Balance as of June 30, 2025 (g)	$	—	$	4,539	$	—	$	10,009	$	9,297	$	4,188	$	28,033



(a) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of March 31, 2025.
(b) Debt instruments issued during the period, recorded at fair value upon issuance if the fair value option is elected, or at principal balance net of discounts. For notes measured at fair value, the aggregate fair value adjustment recognized at issuance reduced the principal amount of notes issued during the period by $13,283 thousand. This reduction reflects the allocation of total transaction proceeds between the SPA Notes and the related SPA Warrants and Incremental Warrants issued as part of the bundled transaction.

(c) Cash repayments of principal amounts during the period.

(d) Fair value of debt converted into equity during the period.


(e) Adjustments to debt fair value due to the fair value option election, embedded derivatives, or anti-dilution provisions. These adjustments are presented as a component of 'Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and call option derivatives' in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Line-item 'Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and call option derivatives' also includes debt issuance costs of $1,801 thousand, which are separately identifiable from the fair value adjustments noted above.


(f) Miscellaneous changes not captured in other columns, such as currency adjustments and reclassification to accrued expenses.
(g) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of June 30, 2025.

The following table presents a roll forward of the Company’s Notes payable balances from December 31, 2025 to June 30, 2026 with third parties. The table summarizes beginning and ending balances by debt category and details changes during the period, including repayments, conversions, reclassifications, fair value adjustments, and other significant transactions.


	Categories of Debt
(in thousands)	2023 Unsecured SPA Notes		Unsecured Convertible Notes		Junior Secured SPA Notes		2024 Unsecured SPA Notes		2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes		2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes		Notes payable – China other		Secured Streeterville Notes		May 2026 Convertible Notes		2025 Convertible Note - AIXC		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2025 (a)	$	6,668	$	3,442	$	11,402	$	5,818	$	2,108	26,796		$	4,290	$	—	$	—	$	142	$	60,666
New Issuances (b)	4,050		1,100		—		—		1,903		—		—		45,000		25,000		—		77,053

Repayment of Debt (c)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(132)		(132)

Conversion of Debt to Equity (d)	(7,436)		—		(7,726)		(6,300)		(656)		(17,839)		—		—		—		—		(39,957)


Fair Value Adjustments of Debt (e)	961		401		927		520		18		2,698		—		(1,904)		(1,444)		(10)		2,167


Other Adjustments (f)	—		—		—		—		—		—		131		—		—		—		131
Balance as of June 30, 2026 (g)	$	4,243	$	4,943	$	4,603	$	38	$	3,373	$	11,655	$	4,421	$	43,096	$	23,556	$	—	$	99,928



(a) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of December 31, 2025.
(b) Debt instruments issued during the period, recorded at fair value upon issuance if the fair value option is elected, or at principal balance net of discounts. For notes measured at fair value, the aggregate fair value adjustment recognized at issuance reduced the principal amount of notes issued during the period by $6,448 thousand. This reduction reflects the allocation of total transaction proceeds between the SPA Notes and the related SPA Warrants and Incremental Warrants issued as part of the bundled transaction.

(c) Cash repayments of principal amounts during the period.

(d) Fair value of debt converted into equity during the period.


(e) Adjustments to debt fair value due to the fair value option election, embedded derivatives, or anti-dilution provisions. These adjustments are presented as a component of Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Line-item Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options also includes debt issuance costs of $6,657 thousand, which are separately identifiable from the fair value adjustments noted above. Instruments with a zero balance in this line are carried at amortized cost; the fair value option was not elected for such instruments.


(f) Miscellaneous changes not captured in other columns, such as currency adjustments and reclassification to accrued expenses.
(g) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of June 30, 2026.

The following table presents a roll forward of the Company’s Notes payable balances from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 with third parties. The table summarizes beginning and ending balances by debt category and details changes during the period, including repayments, conversions, reclassifications, fair value adjustments, and other significant transactions.


	Categories of Debt
(in thousands)	Secured SPA Notes		2023 Unsecured SPA Notes		Junior Secured SPA Notes		2024 Unsecured SPA Notes		2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes		2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes		Notes payable – China other		Auto Loans		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2024 (a)	$	5,457	$	6,716	$	26,059	$	7,032	$	—	$	—	$	4,173	$	51	$	49,488
New Issuances (b)	—		4,500		—		11,096		10,094		—		—		—		25,690

Repayment of Debt, including periodic interest on debt carried at fair value (c)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(6)		(6)

Conversion of Debt to Equity (d)	(3,535)		(4,692)		(16,468)		(5,847)		(3,510)		—		—		—		(34,052)


Fair Value Adjustments of Debt (e)	(1,922)		(1,985)		(9,591)		(2,272)		2,713		—		—		—		(13,057)


Other Adjustments (f)	—		—		—				—		—		15		(45)		(30)
Balance as of June 30, 2025 (g)	$	—	$	4,539	$	—	$	10,009	$	9,297	$	—	$	4,188	$	—	$	28,033



(a) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of December 31, 2024.
(b) Debt instruments issued during the period, recorded at fair value upon issuance if the fair value option is elected, or at principal balance net of discounts. For notes measured at fair value, the aggregate fair value adjustment recognized at issuance reduced the principal amount of notes issued during the period by $23,380 thousand. This reduction reflects the allocation of total transaction proceeds between the SPA Notes and the related SPA Warrants and Incremental Warrants issued as part of the bundled transaction.

(c) Cash repayments of principal amounts during the period.

(d) Fair value of debt converted into equity during the period.


(e) Adjustments to debt fair value due to the fair value option election, embedded derivatives, or anti-dilution provisions. These adjustments are presented as a component of Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Line-item Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options also includes debt issuance costs of $2,230 thousand, which are separately identifiable from the fair value adjustments noted above.


(f) Miscellaneous changes not captured in other columns, such as currency adjustments and reclassification to accrued expenses.
(g) The carrying value for each note category, fair value or amortized cost depending on the election, as of June 30, 2025.

The Company has issued various financing arrangements, including secured and unsecured notes, convertible notes, and loans. These are categorized as follows: (i) Secured SPA Notes; (ii) 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes; (iii) Unsecured Convertible Notes; (iv) Junior Secured SPA Notes; (v) 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes; (vi) 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes; (vii) 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes; (viii) Notes payable – China other; (ix) Auto loans, (x) 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes, and (xi) Secured Streeterville Notes. In addition, the Company consolidated AIXC effective September 29, 2025, and accordingly recognized AIXC’s outstanding debt instruments at fair value as of the consolidation date. These obligations are included within the categories presented above.

The Secured SPA Notes were issued under the securities purchase agreement (the “Secured SPA”) dated August 14, 2022, with FF Simplicity Ventures LLC (“FFSV”) acting as administrative agent, collateral agent, and purchaser, along with additional purchasers. These senior secured convertible notes are supported by a second lien on substantially all of the Company’s assets and are guaranteed by the Company’s domestic subsidiaries.

The Secured SPA Notes bear an annual interest rate of 10%, increasing to 15% if interest is paid in shares of Class A Common Stock. Principal and interest are due at maturity, unless converted earlier pursuant to the Secured SPA Notes’ conversion privileges. The Secured SPA Notes mature six years from each date of issuance. Issued at a 10% original issue discount, these notes are convertible into Class A Common Stock at the lesser of a fixed conversion price or 90% of the lowest volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) for the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date. The Secured SPA Notes are subject to full ratchet anti-dilution price protection; at the time of the final conversions the fixed conversion price was $174.00, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split. There were no outstanding Secured SPA Notes, as of June 30, 2026.

In connection with the issuance of the Secured SPA Notes, the Company also granted to each purchaser a warrant (the “Secured SPA Warrants”) to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock equal to 33% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the aggregate principal amount under the Secured SPA Notes funded. The Secured SPA Warrants are subject to the same full ratchet anti-dilution price protection as the Secured SPA Notes. The Secured SPA Warrants are indexed to the Company’s Class A Common Stock and, as such, meet the scope exception in ASC 815-40 to be classified within equity.

The Company elected the fair value option afforded by ASC 825, Financial Instruments, with respect to the Secured SPA Notes because the notes include features, such as a contingently exercisable put option, that meet the definition of an embedded derivative. The Company expenses transaction costs to Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company also elected to apply the fair value option for all other SPA Portfolio Notes.

There was no activity related to the Secured SPA Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 the Company received zero cash proceeds, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of Secured SPA Notes. During the same period, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of $2.5 million into 17,080 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split. The conversion of Secured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of zero. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized a loss of $0.6 million, from the fair value remeasurement of Secured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 the Company received zero cash proceeds, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of Secured SPA Notes. During the same period, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of $3.1 million into 21,099 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split. The conversion of Secured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of $0.3 million. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized a gain of $1.9 million, from the fair value remeasurement of Secured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated May 8, 2023, (the “2023 Unsecured SPA”) by and between the Company and the investors party thereto, including Metaverse Horizon Limited (“MHL”), a related party, the Company issued certain unsecured convertible promissory note (the “2023 Unsecured SPA Notes”). These 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes are unsecured and have terms similar to the Secured SPA Notes, except they lack collateral backing.

The 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes bear an annual interest rate of 10%, increasing to 15%, if interest is paid in shares of Class A Common Stock. Principal and interest are due at maturity, unless converted earlier pursuant to the 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes’ conversion privileges. Issued at a 10% original issue discount, these notes are convertible into the Company’s Class A Common Stock at the lesser of a fixed conversion price or 90% of the VWAP for the trading day immediately prior to the conversion date. The 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes are subject to full ratchet anti-dilution price protection and as of June 30, 2026 the fixed conversion price was $58.23, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split. The 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes mature primarily six years from each date of issuance.

In connection with the issuance of the 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes, the Company also granted to each purchaser a warrant (the “2023 Unsecured SPA Warrants”) to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock equal to 33% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the aggregate principal amount under the Secured SPA Notes funded. The 2023 Unsecured SPA Warrants are subject to the same full ratchet anti-dilution price protection as the 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes. The 2023 Unsecured SPA Warrants are indexed to the Company’s Class A Common Stock and, as such, meet the scope exception in ASC 815-40 to be classified within equity.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company entered into several dilutive sale and purchase transactions through issuance of Junior Secured SPA Notes, 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes, March 2025 Unsecured Notes and July 2025 Unsecured Notes. These transactions triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution price protection for the 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes issued prior to each respective dilutive transaction.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company issued the May 2026 Convertible Notes at a conversion price below the then-effective fixed conversion price of certain outstanding 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes. This issuance constituted a dilutive transaction that triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution price protection for those 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes issued prior to the issuance of the May 2026 Convertible Notes. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2026, the conversion price of outstanding 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes was $58.23, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split,

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company received net cash proceeds of $0.5 million and $4.5 million, respectively, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of $0.8 million and zero into 20,304 and zero shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of $0.4 million and zero for each period, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company recognized a loss of $0.1 million and zero, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of Unsecured Convertible Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company received net cash proceeds of $4.1 million and $4.5 million, respectively, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of $8.1 million and $4.4 million into 170,750 and 27,785 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of $2.9 million and $2.8 million for each period, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized a loss of $1.0 million and a gain $2.0 million, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of Unsecured Convertible Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the year ended December 31, 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company issued unsecured convertible notes (the “Unsecured Convertible Notes”) to a third party investor. These Unsecured Convertible Notes, mature six months from issuance, accrue interest at 4.27% and are convertible into 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes upon the subsequent closing of such Notes.

In 2024, the Company issued unsecured convertible notes (the “Unsecured Convertible Notes”) to various investors, including MHL, a related party. These Unsecured Convertible Notes, mature three months from issuance, accrue interest at 4.27% and are convertible at issuance into Class A Common Stock, certain SPA Portfolio Notes, or a future security purchase agreement issued by the Company. The activity below does not include related parties activity, discussed separately in Note 9, Related Party Transactions.

The Company elected the fair value option afforded by ASC 825, Financial Instruments, with respect to the Unsecured Convertible Notes because the notes are exchangeable into SPA Portfolio Notes and the Company expects that to be how the Unsecured Convertible Notes settle. The Company expenses transaction costs to Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company received net cash proceeds of $1.0 million and zero, respectively, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of Unsecured Convertible Notes. During the same periods, the Company neither converted any Unsecured Convertible Notes into shares of Class A Common Stock, nor incurred gain or a loss on extinguishment for each period. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company recognized a loss of $0.1 million and zero, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of Unsecured Convertible Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company received net cash proceeds of $1.5 million and zero, respectively, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of Unsecured Convertible Notes. During the same periods, the Company neither converted any Unsecured Convertible Notes into shares of Class A Common Stock, nor incurred

gain or a loss on extinguishment for each period. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized a loss of $0.4 million and zero, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of Unsecured Convertible Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement dated September 5, 2024 by and between the Company and the investors party thereto (the “Junior Secured SPA”), the Company issued certain secured convertible promissory notes (the “Junior Secured SPA Notes”). These Junior Secured SPA Notes are secured by a second-priority lien on certain assets and bear an annual interest rate of 10%. Principal and interest are payable at maturity or at each conversion date. The notes are convertible along with accrued interest into Class A Common Stock at the lesser of (a) a fixed conversion price or (b) the greater of (1) the floor price of $157.20, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, or (2) the average VWAP of the common stock for the five previous trading days. Junior Secured SPA Notes are subject to full ratchet anti-dilution price protection and as of June 30, 2026 the fixed conversion prices were $32.01 or $58.23, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, depending on the tranches outstanding. These notes mature on various dates through December 2030.

The original Junior Secured SPA Investors were given warrants (the “Junior SPA Warrants”) equal to 100% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the aggregate principal amount under the Junior Secured SPA Note funded. The Junior SPA Warrants are exercisable immediately with a term of five years. The Company issued to the placement agent for the transaction a warrant (the “Placement Agent Warrant”) identical to that of the Junior Secured SPA Investors for 1,352 shares of Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, exercisable immediately. These warrants are subject to the same full ratchet anti-dilution price protection as the Junior Secured SPA Notes. As of June 30, 2026, the Company’s Junior Secured SPA Warrants are indexed to the Company’s Class A common stock and meet the requirements for equity classification under the scope exception in ASC 815-40.

The Junior Secured SPA Investors were issued incremental warrants (the “Junior Secured SPA Incremental Warrants”) to purchase additional Junior Secured SPA Notes up to the amounts originally funded under their original Junior Secured SPA Note commitments. The Junior Secured SPA Incremental Warrants, presented in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Derivative call options, are exercisable immediately upon issuance and have a one-year term. They allow the purchase of the respective notes at an exercise price equal to the principal amount of the notes issued to the investor, subject to full ratchet anti-dilution price protection, as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations, or similar transactions. There were no Junior Secured SPA Incremental Warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2026.

•Letter Agreements: On January 28, 2025, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “September Letter Agreement”) with certain Junior Secured SPA Investors. These investors agreed not to convert outstanding notes below the initial conversion price of $786.00, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Slit, prior to the Company’s receipt of stockholder approval for the issuance of the Junior Secured SPA Notes, Junior SPA Warrants and Junior SPA Incremental Warrants. In return, the Company agreed to issue “True-Up Shares” after approval to adjust for any pre-approval conversions, based on a formula considering accrued interest and market pricing. The September Letter Agreement include a provision preventing the issuance of shares of common stock underlying the applicable securities if the Company's available authorized stock is insufficient. However, the Company must deliver the shares once a sufficient number of authorized but unissued shares becomes available.

On December 21, 2024, the Company entered into the 2024 Unsecured SPA (as defined below), pursuant to which the Company issued certain 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes to the purchasers party thereto, which triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution price protection in the Junior Secured SPA Notes and Junior Secured SPA Warrants. The issuance of the 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes constituted a dilutive issuance, as the stated conversion price of $174.00, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, was less than the Junior Secured SPA Notes conversion and Junior Secured SPA Warrant exercise price.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company issued additional 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes upon the exercise of 2024 Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants with a stated conversion price of $174.00, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split. These transactions triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions for any incremental Junior Secured SPA Notes issued prior to such dilutive issuances, maintaining the ratcheted fixed conversion price at the same split-adjusted price..

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 the Company converted certain 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes at conversion prices below $174.00, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, constituting further dilutive issuances that triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions of Junior Secured SPA Notes, issued prior to the issuance of the respective 2023 Unsecured SPA Note whose conversions gave rise to the ratchet adjustments. During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company issued the May 2026 Convertible Notes at a conversion price below the then-effective fixed conversion price of certain outstanding Junior Secured SPA Notes. This issuance constituted a dilutive transaction that triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution price protection for those 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes issued prior to the issuance of the May 2026 Convertible Notes. As a result, the fixed conversion price of outstanding Junior Secured SPA Notes was $32.01 or $58.23, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, depending on the tranche.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company received no net cash proceeds, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of Junior Secured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of $2.4 million and $13.4 million into 79,640 and 89,696 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of Junior Secured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of $1.1 million and $7.6 million, for the respective periods. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company recognized a gain of $0.1 million and a loss of $0.8 million, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of Junior Secured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which were recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company received no net cash proceeds, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of Junior Secured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of $7.4 million and $28.8 million into 182,093 and 182,750 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of Junior Secured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in loss on extinguishment of $1.9 million and $20.4 million, for the respective periods. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized a loss of $0.9 million and a gain of $9.6 million, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of Junior Secured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes were issued under a securities purchase agreement (the “2024 Unsecured SPA”) dated December 21, 2024, by and between the Company and the investors party thereto. These notes bear an annual interest rate of 10%. Principal and interest are payable at maturity or at each conversion date. The notes are convertible along with accrued interest into Class A Common Stock at the lesser of (a) a fixed conversion price, which was $174.00, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, or (b) the greater of (1) the floor price, $157.20, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, or (2) the lowest one-day VWAP of the common stock for the five previous trading days. 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes are subject to full ratchet anti-dilution price protection and as of June 30, 2026 the fixed conversion price of the outstanding 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes was $32.01, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split. These notes mature in July 2030.

The original 2024 Unsecured SPA Investors were issued warrants (the “2024 Unsecured SPA Warrants”) equal to 100% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the aggregate principal amount under the 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes (defined below) purchased by such 2024 Unsecured SPA Investor. The 2024 Unsecured SPA Warrants are exercisable immediately with a term of five years. 2024 Unsecured SPA Warrants are subject to the same full ratchet anti-dilution price protection as the 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes. As of June 30, 2026, the Company’s 2024 Unsecured SPA Warrants are indexed to the Company’s Class A common stock and meet the requirements for equity classification under the scope exception in ASC 815-40.

The original 2024 Unsecured SPA Investors were issued incremental warrants (the “2024 Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants”) to purchase additional 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes up to the amounts originally funded under their original 2024 Unsecured SPA Note commitments. The 2024 Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants, presented in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Derivative call options, are exercisable immediately upon issuance and have a one-year term. They allow the purchase of the respective notes at an exercise price equal to the principal amount of the notes issued to the investor, subject to full ratchet anti-dilution price protection, as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations, or similar transactions. See Note 15, Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further details on the 2024 Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants. There were no 2024 Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2026.

•Letter Agreements: On January 28, 2025, the Company entered into a letter agreement (the “December Letter Agreement”) with certain 2024 Unsecured SPA Investors, modifying terms related to their previously disclosed investment. These investors agreed not to convert outstanding notes below the initial conversion price of $174.00, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, before stockholder approval for the issuance of the 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes, 2024 Unsecured SPA Warrants and 2024 Unsecured Incremental Warrants. The Company agreed to issue True-Up Shares post-approval using an adjustment formula. Additionally, if a resale registration statement becomes effective, and the conversion price exceeds the prior day's closing bid price, the conversion price will be adjusted downward. The December Letter Agreement includes a provision preventing the issuance of shares of common stock underlying the applicable securities if the Company's available authorized stock is insufficient. However, the Company must deliver the shares once sufficient stock becomes available.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 the Company converted certain 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes and 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes (as defined below) at conversion prices below $174.00 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, constituting dilutive issuances that triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions of 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes, issued prior to the issuance of the respective 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes and 2023 Unsecured SPA Notes whose conversions gave rise to the ratchet adjustments. As a result, the fixed conversion price of outstanding 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes as of June 30, 2026 was reduced to $32.01 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company received no net cash proceeds, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of zero and $11.7 million into zero and 71,978 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of zero and $9.3 million, for each period, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company recognized a gain of zero million and a loss of $4.5 million, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which were recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company received net cash proceeds of zero and $20.0 million, respectively, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with a principal amount of $6.0 million and $11.7 million into 76,422 and 71,978 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversions of 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of $0.6 million and $9.3 million, for the respective periods. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized a loss of $0.5 million and a gain of $2.3 million, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which were recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

On March 21, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2025 March Unsecured SPA”) with certain accredited investors, including MHL a related party (collectively, the “2025 March Unsecured SPA Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of $41.0 million in principal amount of senior unsecured convertible promissory notes (the “2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes”). The 2025 March Unsecured SPA will be completed in four closings, each subject to specified closing conditions including minimum trading price and volume thresholds. The activity below does not include related party activity, discussed separately in Note 9, Related Party Transactions.

The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes mature in five years from the date of issuance and bear interest at a fixed rate of 10% per annum. Interest is payable on each conversion date or at maturity and may be settled in cash, shares of Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election and subject to certain conditions. In the event of a default, the interest rate increases to 18% per annum. The Company may redeem the notes at a premium of 10% over the greater of (i) the value of the shares otherwise issuable upon conversion and (ii) the value of the note’s outstanding principal. In a bankruptcy-related default, the notes are redeemable at a 25% premium, unless waived by the holder.

The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes are convertible at the option of the holder into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an initial fixed conversion price of $193.50 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments and full ratchet anti-dilution price protection. The number of shares issuable upon conversion is determined by dividing the outstanding principal and accrued interest, together with an 8% premium, by the conversion price. The notes also include an alternate conversion feature that permits the holder to convert at the lower of (i) the then-effective conversion price or (ii) the greater the floor price then in effect and the lowest VWAP of the Class A common stock during the five trading days immediately preceding the conversion notice. If a conversion under the alternate mechanism would result in issuance below the floor price, the Company must either settle the difference in cash or increase the principal balance of the note by the shortfall amount. The floor price is subject to reduction at the Company's discretion and was $157.200 per share, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, as of June 30, 2026.

The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Investors were issued warrants (the “2025 March Unsecured SPA Warrants”) equal to 100% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the aggregate principal amount under the 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes funded, calculated using the initial conversion price of the 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes. The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Warrants are exercisable immediately with a term of five years. The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Warrants are subject to a full ratchet anti-dilution price protection similar to that applicable to the 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes. As of June 30, 2026, the Company’s issued 2025 March Unsecured SPA Warrants are indexed to the Company’s Class A common stock and meet the requirements for equity classification under the scope exception in ASC 815-40. In addition, the Company had received cash proceeds related to certain 2025 March Unsecured SPA closings for which the issuance of the related notes and warrants had not yet been completed. The obligation to issue these warrants is recorded at fair value as a warrant liability on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Upon issuance, the liability will be reclassified to equity, provided the warrants continue to meet the equity classification criteria under ASC 815-40.

The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Investors were issued incremental warrants (the “2025 March Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants”) to purchase additional 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes up to the amounts funded under their 2025 March Unsecured SPA commitments. The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants, presented in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as Derivative call options, are exercisable immediately upon issuance and have a five-year term. They allow the purchase of the respective notes at an exercise price equal to the principal amount of the notes issued to the investor, subject to full ratchet anti-dilution price protection, as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, recapitalizations, or similar transactions. See Note 15, Fair Value of Financial Instruments for further details on the 2025 March Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants.

The 2025 March Unsecured SPA Investors received a number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock equal to the lesser of (i) the number of shares of common stock into which such purchaser’s notes are convertible, and (ii) such purchaser’s pro rata share (based on commitment percentage) of an aggregate cap of 9,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. See Note 13, Stockholders’ Equity for further details regarding the Series B Preferred Stock.

Under the SPA Waiver, the Investors agreed that the Company is required to register for resale on the initial registration statement (the “Initial Registration Statement”) only the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of the 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes issued at the first closing. The Company is not required to register on the Initial Registration Statement any shares issuable upon exercise of the 2025 March Unsecured SPA Warrants or 2025 March Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants or securities issued in subsequent closings. However, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to file a subsequent registration statement to cover (i) the remaining shares underlying the 2025 March Unsecured Notes, 2025 March Unsecured SPA Warrants, and 2025 March Unsecured SPA Incremental Warrants within 45 calendar days after the later of (a) the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement or (b) the date an Investor requests registration, and (ii) shares issuable under instruments from any subsequent closing within 45 calendar days after the later of (a) the effectiveness of the Initial Registration Statement or (b) the applicable closing date.

Under the original terms of the 2025 March Unsecured SPA, if the conditions to a subsequent closing were not satisfied by the scheduled closing date, the closing could be delayed for up to twenty (20) business days. Pursuant to the SPA Waiver, the SPA was amended to provide that if, during such 20-business-day deferral period, the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock is below $1.00, the applicable subsequent closing shall instead occur within twenty (20) business days following the first trading day on which the closing price equals or exceeds $1.00.

Pursuant to the terms of the 2025 March Unsecured SPA, on May 28, 2025, the fixed conversion price of the 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes and the exercise price of the related common stock warrants were reset to 100% and 120%, respectively, of the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the trading day immediately prior to the receipt of stockholder approval for the related private placement. As a result, the fixed conversion price and warrant exercise price of the 2025 March Unsecured SPA instruments were re-set to $183.00 and $219.600 per share, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company received net cash proceeds of zero and $22.1 million, respectively, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with principal amounts of zero and $6.8 million into zero and 41,131 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of zero and $5.5 million, for the respective periods. For the three months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, the Company recognized a gain of $0.1 million and a loss of $2.8 million, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which were recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company received net cash proceeds of $4.7 million and $24.1 million, respectively, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with principal amounts of $1.7 million and $6.8 million into 12,252 and 41,131 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in a loss on extinguishment of $1.3 million and $5.5 million, for the respective periods. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized loss of zero and $2.7 million, respectively, from the fair value remeasurement of 2025 March Unsecured SPA Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

On July 14, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2025 July Unsecured SPA”) with certain accredited investors (collectively, the “2025 July Unsecured SPA Investors”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell an aggregate of $82.0 million in principal amount of senior unsecured convertible promissory notes (the “2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes”). The 2025 July Unsecured SPA will be completed in two closings, each subject to specified closing conditions including minimum trading price and volume thresholds.

The 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes mature five years from the date of issuance and bear interest at a fixed rate of 10% per annum. Interest is payable on each conversion date or at maturity and may be settled in cash, shares of Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election and subject to certain conditions. In the event of a default, the interest rate increases to 18% per annum. The Company may redeem the notes at a premium of 10% over the greater of (i) the value of the shares otherwise issuable upon conversion and (ii) the value of the note’s outstanding principal. In a bankruptcy-related default, the notes are redeemable at a 25% premium, unless waived by the holder.

The 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes are convertible at the option of the holder into shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at an initial fixed conversion price of $262.50 per share, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments and full ratchet anti-dilution price protection. The number of shares issuable upon conversion is determined by dividing the outstanding principal and accrued interest, together with an 8% premium, by the conversion price. The notes also include an alternate conversion feature that permits the holder to convert at the lower of (i) the then-effective conversion price or (ii) the greater the floor price and the lowest VWAP of the Class A common stock during the five trading days immediately preceding the conversion notice. If a conversion under the alternate mechanism would result in issuance below the floor price, the Company must either settle the difference in cash or increase the principal balance of the note by the shortfall amount. The floor price is subject to reduction at the Company's discretion and was $30.00 per share, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split, as of June 30, 2026.

The 2025 July Unsecured SPA Investors were issued warrants (the “2025 July Unsecured SPA Warrants”) equal to 33% of the shares issuable upon conversion of the aggregate principal amount under the 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes funded. The 2025 July Unsecured SPA Warrants are exercisable immediately with a term of five years. The 2025 July Unsecured SPA Warrants are subject to a full ratchet anti-dilution price protection similar to that applicable to the 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes. As of June 30, 2026, the Company’s 2025 July Unsecured SPA Warrants are indexed to the Company’s Class A common stock and meet the requirements for equity classification under the scope exception in ASC 815-40.

The 2025 July Unsecured SPA Investors received a number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock equal to the lesser of (i) the number of shares of common stock into which such purchaser’s notes are convertible, and (ii) such purchaser’s pro rata share (based on commitment percentage) of an aggregate cap of 6,813,785 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. See Note 13 Stockholders’ Equity for further details regarding the Series B Preferred Stock.

On August 21, 2025, the Company and the required purchasers under the 2025 July Unsecured SPA entered into an amendment to the 2025 July Unsecured SPA. Pursuant to the amendment, the aggregate Note Commitment Amount under the 2025 July Unsecured SPA was increased from $82.0 million to $83.5 million, and the Commitment Annex to the 2025 July Unsecured SPA was amended and restated in its entirety to reflect such increase.

Pursuant to the terms of the 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes, on September 19, 2025, the fixed conversion price of the 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes and the exercise price of the related common stock warrants were reset to 100% and 120%, respectively, of the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the trading day immediately prior to the receipt of stockholder approval for the related private placement. As a result, as of June 30, 2026, the fixed conversion price and warrant exercise price of the 2025 July Unsecured SPA instruments were $252.00 and $303.00 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. This reset did not trigger any price-based anti-dilution provisions of other outstanding convertible instruments.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company exercised its contractual right to reduce the price floor of the 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes on multiple occasions, with the final reduction to $30.00 per share as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, on March 30, 2026. Conversions during the period were effected pursuant to the alternate conversion feature at prices below the stated conversion price of $252.00 per share, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split. These below-market conversions constituted dilutive issuances and triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution provisions of the outstanding 2024 Unsecured SPA Notes.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company issued the May 2026 Convertible Notes at a conversion price below the then-effective fixed conversion price of the outstanding 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes. This issuance constituted a dilutive transaction that triggered the full ratchet anti-dilution price protection for 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes. Accordingly, the fixed conversion price of the 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes as of June 30, 2026 was $58.23 per share, as adjusted for the reverse Stock Split.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company received no net cash proceeds, after original issue discounts, in exchange for the issuance of 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes. During the same periods, the Company converted debt with principal amounts of $14.5 million and $22.9 million into 399,160 and 606,416 shares of Class A Common Stock, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, respectively. The conversion of 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes into Class A Common Stock resulted in loss on extinguishment of $6.3 million and $9.6 million for the respective periods. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized a loss of $0.2 million and $2.7 million from the fair value remeasurement of 2025 July Unsecured SPA Notes under ASC 825, respectively, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

On May 15, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “2026 May Convertible SPA”) with certain accredited investors (collectively, the “2026 May Convertible Notes SPA Investors”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold senior convertible promissory notes in an aggregate original principal amount of $25.0 million (the “2026 May Convertible SPA Notes”). The 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes define the outstanding principal value as 108% of the stated

At the closing, 50% of each investor’s commitment was remitted directly to the Company and the remaining 50% was deposited into a separate holder-controlled deposit account, in which the applicable holder holds a first-priority security interest. Amounts held in the holder-controlled accounts are classified as restricted cash until released to the Company. Each holder controls the release of the applicable funds pursuant to a deposit account control agreement. The funds are released to the Company only upon conversion of the related notes, and only to the extent the cash held in the account exceeds the amount required to secure the portion of each note that remains outstanding.

The 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes mature on May 15, 2027 and bear interest at 8% per annum on the outstanding principal value. Interest is payable in shares of Class A Common Stock upon each conversion as part of the amount converted, with any remaining accrued and unpaid interest payable in cash at maturity. In the event of a default, the interest rate increases to 15% per annum. Any amounts not paid when due bear an additional 18% per annum late charge, except to the extent such amount is simultaneously accruing interest at the default rate.. The amount payable upon a conversion, redemption or other repayment also includes a make-whole amount equal to the additional interest that would have accrued through the maturity date.

The 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time into shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at a fixed conversion price of $58.23 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split, subject to customary adjustments and full-ratchet anti-dilution price protection. The number of shares issuable upon conversion is determined by dividing the applicable outstanding principal value, accrued and unpaid interest, the make-whole amount, late charges and other amounts due under the notes (“the Conversion Amount”), by the applicable conversion price. Alternatively, the holders may convert at an alternate conversion price equal to the lower of (i) the then-effective fixed conversion price and (ii) the greater of the floor price and the lowest of the five daily VWAPs of the Class A Common Stock during the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the applicable conversion notice. The Company may reduce the floor price, subject to the rules of the applicable principal market and specified notice requirements. As of June 30, 2026 the floor price is $23.29 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split.

The Company may, on one occasion and provided that no Equity Conditions Failure exists, redeem all, but not less than all, of the outstanding 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes for cash. The redemption price equals the greater of (i) 110% of the Conversion Amount and (ii) the amount the holder would have received if the holder had converted the notes into shares of Class A Common Stock and sold such shares at the highest closing sale price during the applicable measurement period (“the market-based amount”).

The holder may require the Company to redeem all or a portion of the 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes in cash upon the occurrence of certain specified events. Upon an Event of Default other than a bankruptcy-related Event of Default, the redemption price equals the greater of (i) 108% of the applicable Conversion Amount and (ii) the market-based amount described above. Upon a Change of Control, the redemption price equals the greatest of (i) 108% of the applicable Conversion Amount, (ii) the market-based amount described above, and (iii) an amount determined by reference to the per-share cash and non-cash consideration payable to common stockholders in the Change of Control. If the Company fails to cure a Floor Breach Event within the contractual cure period, the holder may require redemption at the applicable Conversion Amount, without premium. Upon a bankruptcy-related Event of Default, the outstanding 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes automatically become immediately due and payable, without further action by the holder, at 108% of the sum of Outstanding Principal Value, accrued and unpaid interest, make-whole interest, and any applicable late charges, unless waived by the holder in whole or in part.

The Company elected the fair value option under ASC 825 for the 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes. Changes in fair value are recognized in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Transaction costs associated with the issuance of the notes were expensed as incurred.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the investors funded an aggregate of $25.0 million, after original issue discounts, in exchange for 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes. . During the same periods, no 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes were converted into shares of Class A Common Stock and the Company recognized no gain or loss on extinguishment

related to the notes. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized a gain of approximately $1.4 million from the fair value remeasurement of the 2026 May Convertible SPA Notes under ASC 825, which was recorded in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

On April 17, 2026, the Company entered into a notes purchase agreement (the “Streeterville NPA”) with Streeterville Capital, LLC (“Streeterville”), pursuant to which the Company issued a promissory note with an original principal amount of $15.8 million (the “A-1 Note”) and a secured promissory note with an original principal amount of $30.0 million (the “B Note” and, together with the A-1 Note and any additional notes issued upon an exchange of the B Note, the “Secured Streeterville Notes”). Streeterville paid an aggregate purchase price of $45.0 million, of which $15.0 million was remitted to the Company and $30.0 million was deposited into a segregated deposit account subject to a deposit account control agreement. The A-1 Note includes an original issue discount of $0.8 million included in its original principal balance.

The A-1 and B Secured Streeterville Notes mature on April 17, 2028, which is 24 months after their purchase price date. Each additional A Note issued upon exchange of the B Note matures on the greater of (i) 12 months after its issuance and (ii) the remaining term of the B Note. The A Notes bear interest at a rate of 9% per annum (non-compounding), and the B Note bears interest at a rate of 3.5% per annum, compounding daily. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the applicable interest rate increases to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. The Company may prepay the A Notes and B Note at 110% and 105%, respectively, of the portion of the outstanding balance being prepaid.

If the A-1 Note remains outstanding on the 180-day anniversary of its purchase price date, a one-time monitoring fee equal to 25% of the then-outstanding balance will be added to the outstanding balance of the A-1 Note. For any additional A Note issued more than six months after April 17, 2026, the monitoring fee is included in the note's initial principal balance upon issuance. The monitoring fee, and accrued interest thereon, are subject to pro rata forgiveness only if the Company makes cash payments on the A Notes.

Following a specified trigger event, Streeterville may increase the outstanding balance of each affected A Notes by 7.5%, on one occasion during the term of that A Note. Upon an event of default, the Company must pay the outstanding balance of the applicable Secured Streeterville Notes in cash, and in the case of the A Notes, at an amount reflecting any such 7.5% increase.

Beginning on October 17, 2026, Streeterville may require the Company to redeem up to an aggregate of $0.8 million per month under the outstanding A Notes. The applicable redemption amount, together with make-whole interest calculated as though the redeemed amount remained outstanding through maturity, may be settled in cash or shares of Class A Common Stock, at the Company’s election and subject to specified conditions, with the number of shares determined by reference to the Nasdaq Minimum Price on the applicable redemption date.

Beginning on October 17, 2026, the Secured Streeterville Notes also permit additional limited redemptions when the trading price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock is at least 15% greater than the applicable Nasdaq Minimum Price. The amount subject to a limited redemption is limited to 5% of the applicable cumulative daily dollar trading volume and may not exceed $5.0 million in aggregate for all outstanding notes. Limited redemptions are applied first to the A Notes; the B Note becomes subject to limited redemption only after the aggregate outstanding balance of the A Notes has been satisfied. Limited redemptions are settled in shares of Class A Common Stock, with the number of shares determined by dividing the limited redemption amount, including applicable make-whole interest, by the Nasdaq Minimum Price. For both monthly and limited redemptions, if the Nasdaq Minimum Price is below the contractual floor price, Streeterville may require the applicable redemption amount to be paid in cash. The contractual floor price is $9.05 per share, as adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split.

Subject to specified conditions, and generally following a reduction of at least $0.3 million in the aggregate outstanding balance of the A Notes, the Company may exchange a portion of the B Note — up to one-half of the applicable reduction amount — for an additional A Note. Each additional A Note generally has the same interest rate, original issue discount percentage and other economic terms as the A-1 Note. Upon completion of a note exchange, an amount equal to the portion of the B Note exchanged becomes eligible for release from the deposit account. Similarly, as the B Note is redeemed in shares of

The $30.0 million held in the secured deposit account is classified as non-current restricted cash until released in accordance with the Streeterville NPA, the B Note and the deposit account control agreement. Release is contingent on the redemption or exchange of the B Note, which cannot occur before October 17, 2026 and is subject to future events outside the Company's control; as a result, the Company has no present ability to compel release within twelve months and cannot reliably determine the amount or timing of any release. Under the deposit account control agreement, Streeterville has the right to direct the disposition of the funds, which are subject to a first-priority security interest in favor of Streeterville. The B Note is also secured by a first-position pledge of all membership interests owned by the Company in FFAI Holdings, LLC. The Company’s obligations under the Secured Streeterville Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company.

The Company elected the fair value option under ASC 825 for the Secured Streeterville Notes. Changes in fair value are recognized in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Transaction costs associated with the issuance of the Secured Streeterville Notes were expensed as incurred.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company received aggregate proceeds of $45.0 million after original issue discounts, in exchange for Secured Streeterville Notes. Of the proceeds received, $30.0 million was deposited into the secured deposit account. There were no principal repayments, redemptions, note exchanges or settlements in shares of Class A Common Stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. Accordingly, the Company did not recognize a gain or loss on extinguishment related to the Secured Streeterville Notes during either period.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized a gain of approximately $1.9 million related to changes in the fair value of the Secured Streeterville Notes under ASC 825. The gain was recognized in Change in fair value of notes payable, warrant liabilities, and derivative call options in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

On April 28, 2025, AIXC entered into a Secured Convertible Note (the “2025 Convertible Note - AIXC”) with Alpha Capital Anstalt (“Alpha”, or “Holder”), pursuant to which AIXC issued to Alpha a non-interest-bearing note with a principal of approximately $0.3 million, and an original issue discount (“OID”) of 20%, in exchange for approximately $0.2 million cash, net of immaterial issuance costs. The Note is convertible at any time at Alpha’s option, into shares of the AIXC’s common stock at a price equal to $2.25 per share (the “Conversion Price”), subject to customary adjustments. The Convertible Note bears no stated interest, and is due on January 28, 2026 (the “Maturity Date”). The Company concluded that the 2025 Convertible Note - AIXC did not contain a substantial premium and therefore elected to account for the instrument under the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825-10-15-4.

On June 4, 2025, prior to the acquisition, AIXC repaid approximately $0.1 million in principal at the request of Alpha. AIXC repaid the remaining outstanding balance of $-0.1 million at maturity, on January 28, 2026. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, AIXC recognized an immaterial gain from the fair value remeasurement of the 2025 Convertible Note - AIXC. no balance remained outstanding as of June 30, 2026.