7. Equity

Common stock

As of  June 30, 2026 and  December 31, 2025, the number of issued shares of common stock was 32,362,277 and 30,404,779, respectively, which included shares of treasury stock of 768,595 and 768,595, respectively.

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, the increase in the number of issued shares of common stock was the result of the exercise of pre-funded warrants for 1,444,129 shares of common stock and the issuance of 513,369 shares of common stock issued upon vesting of RSUs, in which no shares of common stock were withheld to cover statutory taxes upon such vesting.

Private placements

On November 29, 2024, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements (the "December 2024 Purchase Agreements") with certain accredited or sophisticated investors (the "December 2024 Purchasers"), all of whom were related parties, pursuant to which the Company sold  to the December 2024 Purchasers unregistered pre-funded warrants (the "December 2024 PFWs") to purchase up to 1,187,802 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $2.3147 per December 2024 PFW and an exercise price of $0.0005 per share of common stock (the "December Private Placement"). The December 2024 Purchasers consisted of three officers and/or directors and the largest stockholder of the Company. No underwriting discounts or commissions were paid with respect to the December Private Placement.

The Company closed the December 2024 Private Placement on December 2, 2024, with aggregate gross proceeds totaling $2,750, before deducting offering expenses payable by the Company of $22. The Company's largest stockholder exercised its warrant on December 9, 2024. The December 2024 PFWs purchased by three officers and/or directors of the Company were subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on June 18, 2025, and terminated when exercised in full. The officers and/or directors exercised their December 2024 PFWs on June 24, 2025.  

On March 19, 2025, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements (the "March 2025 Purchase Agreements") with certain accredited or sophisticated investors (the "March 2025 Purchasers"), all of whom were related parties, pursuant to which the Company sold to the March 2025 Purchasers unregistered pre-funded warrants (the "March 2025 PFWs") to purchase up to 2,332,104 shares of the Company's common stock, at a purchase price of $2.174 per March 2025 PFW and an exercise price of $0.0005 per share of common stock (the "March 2025 Private Placement"). The March 2025 Purchasers consisted of three officers and/or directors of the Company, the Company's largest stockholder, and an institutional investor. No underwriting discounts or commissions were paid with respect to the March 2025 Private Placement.

The aggregate gross proceeds totaled $5,070, before deducting offering expenses payable by the Company of $70. The Company's largest stockholder and an institutional investor exercised their March 2025 PFWs on March 20, 2025. The March 2025 PFWs purchased by the three officers and/or directors of the Company were subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on June 18, 2025, and terminated when exercised in full. The officers and/or directors exercised their March 2025 PFWs on June 24, 2025.  

On May 15, 2025, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements (the "May 2025 Purchase Agreements") with certain accredited or sophisticated investors (the "May 2025 Purchasers"), all of whom were related parties, pursuant to which the Company sold to the May 2025 Purchasers (i) unregistered pre-funded warrants (the "May 2025 PFWs") to purchase up to 1,829,956 shares of the Company’s common stock, and (ii) unregistered warrants (the "May 2025 CSWs") to purchase up to 1,829,956 shares of the Company’s common stock (the "May 2025" Private Placement"). The May 2025 PFWs had a purchase price of $2.1995, have an exercise price of $0.0005 per share of common stock, will become immediately exercisable after stockholder approval and will terminate when exercised in full. The May 2025 CSWs  have an exercise price of $2.20 and will expire three years from the issuance date. The May 2025 Purchasers consisted of four officers and/or directors, the Company’s largest stockholder, and institutional investors or others for whom they have or share beneficial ownership. No underwriting discounts or commissions were paid with respect to the May 2025 Private Placement.

The aggregate gross proceeds totaled $4,025, before deducting offering expenses payable by the Company of $54. The allocation of the fair values was $2,671 for the May 2025 PFWs and $1,354 for the May 2025 CSWs. The Company's largest stockholder exercised its May 2025 PFWs on May 19, 2025. The May 2025 PFWs purchased by the four officers and/or directors of the Company were subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on June 17, 2026, and were subsequently exercised as of June 30, 2026. 

On August 19, 2025, the Company entered into securities purchase agreements (the "August 2025 Purchase Agreements") with certain officers and/or directors of the Company or others for whom they have or share beneficial ownership (the “August 2025 Inside Investors”), the largest stockholder of the Company and other accredited investors, (collectively, together with the August 2025 Inside Investors, the “August 2025 Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company sold to the August 2025 Purchasers (i) 3,542,856 unregistered shares (the “August 2025 Shares”) of common stock, (ii) unregistered pre-funded warrants (the “August 2025 PFWs") to purchase up to 2,328,571 shares of the Company’s common stock, and (iii) unregistered warrants (the "August 2025 CSWs" and, together with the August 2025 PFWs, the "August 2025 Warrants") to purchase up to 5,871,427 shares of the Company’s common stock (the "August 2025 Private Placement"). 

Each August 2025 Share and accompanying August 2025 CSW were sold together at a purchase price of $1.75 per share and accompanying warrant, and each August 2025 PFW and accompanying August 2025 CSWs were sold together at a purchase price of $1.7495 per pre-funded warrant and accompanying common stock warrant, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $10,275 before deducting estimated offering expenses of approximately $742 payable by the Company. The allocation of the fair values was $3,271 for the August 2025 Shares, $2,150 for the August 2025 PFWs and $4,854 for the August 2025 CSWs. 

The August 2025 PFWs had an exercise price of $0.0005 per share of common stock and were immediately exercisable upon issuance for all August 2025 Purchasers other than the August 2025 Inside Investors. Nearly all of the August 2025 Purchasers (other than the August 2025 Inside Investors) exercised their August 2025 PFWs during the month of September 2025, for an aggregate of 1,657,143 shares of common stock, with the additional 85,714 shares related to non-affiliates being exercised in February 2026. The remaining unexercised August 2025 PFWs to purchase 585,714 shares of common stock, all of which were held by August 2025 Inside Investors, were subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on June 17, 2026, and were subsequently exercised as of June 30, 2026. 

The August 2025 CSWs are exercisable for a period of five and one-half years from the date of issuance and may be exercised six months and one day from the date of issuance at an exercise price of $2.21 per share, subject to adjustment. The Company is prohibited from effecting an exercise of the August 2025 Warrants to the extent that, as a result of such exercise, the holder together with the holder’s affiliates, would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the August 2025 Warrants, which beneficial ownership limitation may be increased by the holder up to, but not exceeding, 9.99%.

In connection with the August 2025 Private Placement, on August 19, 2025, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the August 2025 Purchasers pursuant to which the Company was required to file a registration statement covering the resale of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement). The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC on September 15, 2025, and it was declared effective on September 24, 2025.

As of  June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, an aggregate of 7,029,543 and 5,585,216 respectively, of the December 2024 PFWs, March 2025 PFWs,  May 2025 PFWs, and August 2025 PFWs were exercised. For a portion, the exercise was cashless in nature. 

The issuance of the December 2024 PFWs, March 2025 PFWs, May 2025 PFWs, and August 2025 PFWs was reflected in the Company's stockholders' equity within common stock and additional paid-in-capital. In accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging, a contract is classified as an equity agreement if it is both indexed to its own stock and classified in stockholders' equity. The  December 2024 PFWs, March 2025 PFWs, May 2025 PFWs, and August 2025 PFWs met the requirements of being classified as equity because (i) they had a fixed share limit and the Company had sufficient authorized and unissued shares, (ii) they required physical or net share settlement, and (iii) no cash payments or settlement top-off was required by the Company.​​​​​

Common stock warrants

As of  June 30, 2026 and  December 31, 2025, the Company had 7,701,383 and 7,701,383 common stock warrants outstanding, respectively. The Company determined that the detachable common stock warrants issued in connection with the May 2025 Purchase Agreements and August 2025 Purchase Agreements met the definition of freestanding financial instruments and qualified for classification as permanent equity under applicable accounting guidance. The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments in accordance with the guidance provided in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. Equity-classified warrants are those that are indexed to the Company’s own stock and meet the criteria for equity classification under ASC 815-40. These instruments are recorded in equity at fair value on the issuance date and are not subsequently remeasured, provided the Company continues to meet the equity classification criteria. As the common stock warrants were issued in conjunction with the other equity instruments, the proceeds have been allocated to each using the relative fair value method and recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital as of the issuance date. These warrants are included in the diluted earnings per share calculation when they are in-the-money and dilutive, as their features are considered participatory in nature. 

At-the-market issuance  

On December 31, 2025, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “ATM Agreement”) with Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC (“Lake Street”), under which the Company may offer and sell shares of its common stock, par value $0.0005 per share (the “Shares”), having an aggregate sales price of up to $11,200 through Lake Street as the sales agent. Sales of shares of the Company’s common stock through Lake Street, if any, will be made by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including, without limitation, sales made directly on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC or any other existing trading market for the Shares. Lake Street will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell the Shares from time to time, based on instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other parameters or conditions the Company may impose). The Company will pay Lake Street a commission equal to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the sales of Shares sold through Lake Street under the ATM Agreement and will also reimburse Lake Street for certain specified expenses in connection with entering into the ATM Agreement as well as in connection with each Triggering Event Date (as defined in the ATM Agreement). Pursuant to the ATM Agreement, the Company also provided Lake Street with customary indemnification and contribution rights. The ATM Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and conditions to the sale of the Shares pursuant thereto. 

The Company is not obligated to sell any of the Shares under the ATM Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitation and offers thereunder. The offering of Shares pursuant to the ATM Agreement will terminate on the earlier of (1) the sale of Shares having an aggregate offering price of $11,200 and (2) the termination of the ATM Agreement by either the Company or Lake Street, as set forth therein. 

Treasury stock

As of  June 30, 2026 and  December 31, 2025, the Company held shares of treasury stock of 768,595 and 768,595, respectively, with a cost of $11,407 and $11,407, respectively.

The Company's share-based incentive plans allow employees the option to either make a cash payment or forfeit shares of common stock upon vesting to satisfy federal and state statutory tax withholding obligations associated with equity awards. The forfeited shares of common stock may be taken into treasury stock by the Company or sold on the open market. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, no shares of common stock were withheld to cover statutory taxes owed by certain employees for this purpose. See Note 8, Share-based compensation.