v3.26.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

There have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies since those included in the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2025, except as disclosed in this Note.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amount of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements relate to and include, but are not limited to, the fair value of derivative liabilities, accrued liabilities that are measured based on progress toward completion of research and development projects, and the grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees, consultants and directors, and the resulting stock-based compensation expense, calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

 

Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with certainty; accordingly, accounting estimates require the exercise of judgment. Accounting estimates used in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements change as new events occur, as more experience is acquired, as additional information is obtained and as the operating environment changes.

 

Warrants

 

The Company accounts for its warrants in accordance with the guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815-40-15. This guidance provides that if the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment, the warrants must be recorded as an asset or a liability. Currently, the Company has no warrants that are liability classified. The Company estimates the fair value of warrants using a Black-Scholes valuation model, which requires the use of multiple subjective inputs including estimated future volatility, risk-free rate and the expected terms of the warrant.

 

Net Loss per Share

 

Basic net loss per share of common stock is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net loss per share of common stock includes the effect, if any, from the potential exercise or conversion of securities, which would result in the issuance of incremental shares of common stock. For diluted net loss per share, the weighted-average number of shares of common stock is the same as basic net loss per share due to the fact that when a net loss exists, all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company’s anti-dilutive securities included warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,461,381 and 2,583,169 shares of common stock, respectively. In addition, the Company had 1,532,929 stock options outstanding for the purchase of the Company’s common stock, which were anti-dilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026.  No options were outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company has a stock-based compensation plan, which is described in detail in Note 9 and Note 11, and records all stock-based payments, including grants of employee share options, at their fair values. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation instruments in accordance with the guidance promulgated under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. The fair value of share options granted to employees and non-employees is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the individual grants, which equals the vesting period, using the straight-line method or, in the case of performance based awards, based upon the terms of the performance conditions. Forfeitures, if any, are recorded as they occur. Any consideration paid by employees upon exercising share options are credited to common stock in the amount of the par value, with the remainder credited to additional paid-in capital. The Black-Scholes option pricing model used by the Company to calculate option values was developed to estimate fair value.

 

A change in the terms or conditions of an award is accounted for as a modification unless the fair value, the vesting conditions, and the classification of the award are the same immediately before and after the change. Modification accounting is applied only to the award, or the portion of an award, whose terms or conditions were changed. For a modified award, the Company recognizes any excess of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification, with both amounts measured at the modification date, in addition to the unrecognized grant-date fair value of the original award. If it is not probable that the original award would have vested under its original terms and the modified award is expected to vest, the Company instead recognizes the fair value of the modified award measured at the modification date over the vesting period of the modified award.