Use of estimates

The preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates include the assessment of collectability of revenue recognized and the valuation of accounts receivable and notes receivable, inventory, investments, goodwill and intangible assets, liabilities, deferred income tax assets and liabilities, including projecting future years’ taxable income, and stock-based compensation. These estimates have the potential to significantly impact our condensed consolidated interim financial statements, either because of the significance of the financial statement item to which they relate, or because they require judgment and estimation due to the uncertainty involved in measuring, at a specific point in time, events that are continuous in nature.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) and ASC Topic 310, Receivables (“ASC 310”).

Services revenue generally consists of commissions and fees from providing auction services, appraisals, brokering of sales transactions, and secured lending. Asset sales revenue generally consists of proceeds obtained through sales of purchased assets. With the exception of revenue generated within our Specialty Lending segment, revenue is recognized for both services revenue and asset sales revenue based on the ASC 606 standard recognition model, which consists of the following: (1) an agreement exists between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations, (2) the performance obligations are clearly identified, (3) the transaction price has been determined, (4) the transaction price has been properly allocated to each performance obligation, and (5) the entity satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service to a customer for each of the entities.

All services and asset sales revenue from contracts with customers consists of four reportable segments: Auction and Liquidation, Refurbishment & Resale, Consumer Loans and Commercial Loans. Generally, revenue is recognized at the point in time in which the performance obligation has been satisfied and full consideration is received. The exception to recognition at a point in time occurs when certain contracts provide for advance payments recognized over a period of time. Services revenue recognized over a period of time is not material in comparison to total revenues (less than 1% of total revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025), and therefore not reported on a disaggregated basis. Further, as certain contracts stipulate that the customer make advance payments, amounts not recognized within the reporting period are considered deferred revenue and the Company’s “contract liability”. The deferred revenue balance was approximately $0.7 million as of June 30, 2026 and $0.9 million as of December 31, 2025, and is reflected in other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The deferred revenue balance is primarily related to customer deposits on asset sales within the Refurbishment & Resale segment. The Company records receivables in certain situations based on timing of payments for Auction and Liquidation transactions held at the end of the reporting period; however, revenue is generally recognized in the period that the Company satisfies the performance obligation and cash is collected. The Company does not record a “contract asset” for partially satisfied performance obligations.

For auction services and consumer loan sale transactions, funds are typically collected from buyers and are held by the Company on the seller's behalf. The funds are included in cash and cash equivalents in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company releases the funds to the seller, less the Company's commission and other fees due, after the buyer has accepted the goods. The amount of cash held on behalf of the sellers is recorded as payables to sellers in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

For commercial loan sale transactions, funds are not held by the Company on the seller’s behalf. The Company’s commission and other fees due from the seller are generally recognized at the time the sale transaction is closed and the invoice is issued.

The Company evaluates revenue from Auction and Liquidation, Consumer Loans and Commercial Loans segment transactions in accordance with the accounting guidance to determine whether to report such revenue on a gross or net basis. The Company has determined that it acts as an agent for its fee based transactions and therefore reports the revenue from transactions in which the Company acts as an agent on a net basis.

The Company also earns income through transactions that involve the Company acting jointly with one or more additional purchasers or lenders, pursuant to a partnership, joint venture or limited liability company agreement (collectively, “Joint Ventures”). For these transactions, in which the Company’s ownership share meets the criteria for the equity method investments under ASC Topic 323, Equity Method and Joint Ventures, the Company does not record revenue or expense. Instead, the Company’s proportionate share of the net income (loss) is reported as earnings of equity method investments. In general, the Joint Ventures apply the same revenue recognition and other accounting policies as the Company.

As of June 30, 2026, through its Specialty Lending segment, the Company provides specialty financing solutions to investors in charged-off and nonperforming asset portfolios. The Company recognizes revenue generated by lending activity in accordance with ASC 310. Fees collected in relation to the issuance of loans include loan origination fees, interest income, portfolio monitoring fees, and a backend profit share percentage related to the underlying asset portfolio. On July 30, 2026, the Board authorized a strategic plan to wind down the Company’s Specialty Lending segment beginning in the third quarter of 2026. Refer to Note 16 - Subsequent Events, and the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 31, 2026, for additional information.

The monitoring fees and the backend profit share are considered a separate earnings process as compared to the origination fees and interest income. Monitoring fees are recorded at the agreed upon rate, and at the moment in which payments are made by the borrower. The backend profit share is recognized in accordance with the agreed upon rate at the time in which the amount is realizable and earned. The recognition policy was established due to the uncertainty of timing of the receipt of backend profit share and the amount of backend profit share which will be realized.

Through its Refurbishment and Resale segment, the Company offers financing on its standard laboratory equipment sales. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of its financed products in accordance with ASC 606. The Company records a loan receivable for the unpaid balance of the order. A loan amortization table is created upon shipment outlining the principal and interest income portion of each future payment. These loans are classified as held-for-investment and accounted for under the guidelines of ASC 310.

For both the Specialty Lending and Refurbishment and Resale segments, loan origination fees are offset with any direct origination costs and are deferred upon issuance of the loan and amortized over the lives of the related loans, as an adjustment to interest income. The interest method is used to arrive at a periodic interest cost (including amortization) that will represent a level effective rate on the sum of the face amount of the debt and (plus or minus) the unamortized premium or discount and expense at the beginning of each period.

Nonaccrual Loans

The Company determines a loan to be in a default status when the minimum payment amount has not been received within the grace period of the payment due date. The status of default does not solely trigger nonaccrual loan status. The Company considers quantitative and qualitative factors when evaluating a loan in default status to determine the likelihood of recovering the outstanding principal balance and contractual interest payments. The Company also monitors its borrowers’ financial standing and performance on an ongoing basis and regularly updates the collection forecasts for the underlying charged off or nonperforming receivable portfolios related to each outstanding loan. If management determines (1) it is not probable that the projected cash flows expected from the borrower’s collection efforts on the underlying charged off or nonperforming receivable portfolio will be sufficient to satisfy all of the outstanding principal balance and contractual interest payments, and (2) it is not probable that the borrower will be able to meet the minimum required principal and interest payments through other operational cash flows, the Company will place the loans on nonaccrual status. If, based on its analysis, the Company elects to maintain accrual status after initial payment default, the loan will generally be placed on nonaccrual status if principal or interest payments become 90 days past due.

The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when a loan is placed in nonaccrual status. Interest received on such loans is accounted for using the cost-recovery or the cash-basis method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest payments received by the creditor are recorded as interest income provided the amount does not exceed the amount that would have been earned at the loan’s original effective interest rate. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, there is a sustained period of repayment performance, and all remaining principal and interest payments are deemed probable.

Pursuant to the terms of existing credit agreements, the Company's largest borrower was required to collect on underlying charged off and nonperforming consumer loan portfolios and remit a required minimum monthly payment to the Company. However, this borrower became unable to make the required minimum monthly payments beginning in June 2024 and therefore is in default. The Company's share of payments received from the nonaccrual loans, including interest, will be applied against the outstanding loan balance. As of June 30, 2026, the amortized cost basis of loans in nonaccrual status was $4.6 million and is recorded within notes receivable. As of June 30, 2026, the Company's notes receivable balance of nonaccrual loans net of the $3.5 million allowance for credit losses, was $1.1 million.

Based upon the continuation of difficulties with the Company’s largest borrower, including a further decline in the second quarter of 2026, on July 30, 2026, the Board authorized a strategic plan to wind down the Company’s Specialty Lending segment beginning in the third quarter of 2026. Refer to Note 16 - Subsequent Events, and the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 31, 2026, for additional information.

Specialty Lending - Equity method investments impairment

Investments in nonconsolidated entities accounted for under the equity method are assessed for impairment when there are indicators of a loss in value, such as a lack of sustained earnings capacity or a current fair value less than the investment's carrying amount. When it is determined such a loss in value is other than temporary, an impairment charge is recognized for the difference between the investment's carrying value and its estimated fair value. When determining whether a decline in value is other than temporary, management considers factors such as the duration and extent of the decline, the investee's financial condition and near-term prospects, and our ability and intention to retain our investment for a period that will be sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the value of the investment. Management's estimate of fair value of an investment is based on the income approach. For the income approach, the fair value is typically based on the present value of expected future cash flows using discount rates believed to be consistent with those used by principal market participants.

Given the senior lender's priority position in cash flows generated from the underlying loan portfolios with the Company’s largest borrower (including the impacted loans that were placed in nonaccrual status in June 2024) and the change in collection strategy as well as the senior lender's sole and exclusive authority over defaulted loans, we believe we will not recover the carrying amount of our equity method investments in a liquidation event and we have determined that the loss in investment value is other than temporary. As a result, the Company concluded the asset was impaired and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $18.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2026.

Allowance for credit losses

The Company applies a current expected credit loss model, which is an impairment model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The expected credit losses, and subsequent adjustments to such losses, are recorded through an allowance account that is deducted from, or added to, the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, with the net carrying value of the financial asset presented on the consolidated balance sheet at the amount expected to be collected.

Accounts receivable

The Company carries accounts receivable at the face amounts less an allowance for estimated credit losses. The Company estimates its reserve for credit losses using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

The Company only extends credit to entities and institutions of significance, such as well-known academic and financial institutions and U.S. government agencies. Consequently, historical accounts receivable credit losses are nearly zero, which provides the starting point for management’s assessment of the reserve for credit losses for its accounts receivable. The Company estimates its expected credit losses for accounts receivable based on historical credit loss experience, its assessment of current conditions, and other relevant available information from internal and external sources on a quarterly basis.

As of both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the reserve for credit losses related to accounts receivable was approximately $0.2 million.

Notes receivable

Under ASC 326, the Company evaluates notes receivable as a single pool, for individual notes receivable and borrowers with similar risk characteristics. Notes receivable and borrowers that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Management evaluates the Company's notes receivables related to financing laboratory equipment sales within the notes receivable pool. Management estimates the reserve balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience typically provides the basis for an estimation of expected credit losses; however, the Company lacks sufficient data upon which to base a historical estimation.

The Company evaluates its allowance for credit losses over its notes receivable related to loans to buyers of charged-off and nonperforming receivable portfolios in its specialty lending segment individually for each loan and borrower using discounted cash flows based on estimated collections. In order to evaluate the need for an adjustment to the receivable balance related to credit losses, or impairment, the Company performs a review of all outstanding loan receivables on a quarterly basis to determine if any indicators exist that suggest the loan will not be fully recoverable and assess the credit quality of the loan receivables. This review includes monthly and cumulative key performance indicators for each loan and borrower, as well as evaluation of borrower's financial condition.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company increased its allowance for credit losses related to loans to buyers of charged-off and nonperforming receivable portfolios by $3.5 million primarily due to the continuation of difficulties with the Company’s largest borrower, including a further decline in the second quarter of 2026. Refer to Note 16 - Subsequent Events, and the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 31, 2026, for additional information. As of June 30, 2026, the Company's assessment of the allowance for credit losses associated with these notes receivable was informed by factors including the difficulties mentioned above. Based on its assessment, the Company concluded that the net amount expected to be collected from these notes receivable has declined materially.

Lacking historical internal data upon which to base a reserve for credit losses to notes receivable, the Company, under ASC 326, estimates its reserve using external credit loss experience data. Management observes that the Company's notes receivable related to the financing of laboratory equipment are similar in character to transactions undertaken by smaller banking institutions. For its notes receivables related to the financing of laboratory equipment sales, the Company estimates its expected credit losses based on the Scaled Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) Allowance Loss Estimator ("SCALE rate") available from the Federal Reserve. The SCALE rate methodology is endorsed by the FASB and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors. Management determined under ASC 326 that the SCALE rate, a generally applicable rate, may be appropriately adjusted by its assessment of observable facts and relevant circumstances indicating that the factors analyzed in the determination of the SCALE rate may not conform to the Company's operations and borrower assessments. As of June 30, 2026 management determined that the SCALE rate plus 1% to be appropriate for the notes receivables related to the financing of laboratory equipment sales.

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company's allowance for credit losses related to notes receivable outstanding was approximately $3.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Business combinations

Acquisitions are accounted for under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), which requires that assets acquired and liabilities assumed that are deemed to be a business are recorded based on their respective acquisition date fair values. ASC 805 further requires that separately identifiable intangible assets be recorded at their acquisition date fair values and that the excess of consideration paid over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (including identifiable intangible assets) should be recorded as goodwill. Effective January 1, 2026 Heritage DebtX LLC ("DebtX"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Heritage Global, Inc., acquired substantially all of the assets of The Debt Exchange Inc. for approximately $8.5 million. The purchase price allocation was based on an evaluation of the appropriate fair values and represents management's best estimate.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-09"), which requires enhanced annual disclosures with respect to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with adoption permitted on a prospective basis. The Company adopted this standard for the year ended December 31, 2025 and applied the new disclosure requirements prospectively.

In July 2025, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (ASU 2025-05) related to credit losses for accounts receivable and contract assets. The amendments in this update provide a practical expedient that permits an entity to assume that conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset to simplify the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years, though early adoption is permitted. While the Company adopted this pronouncement for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2026, the Company elected the practical expedient permitted under this ASU and the adoption has no material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Future accounting pronouncements

On November 4, 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures" ("ASU 2024-03") which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. ASU 2024-03 does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective for all public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company anticipates that ASU 2024-03 will have no accounting impact but will require additional disclosure to further detail certain income statement expense information.

In September 2025, the FASB issued an accounting pronouncement (ASU 2025-06) related to accounting for internal-use software costs. The amendments in this update improve the operability of the guidance by removing all references to software development project stages so that the guidance is neutral to different software development methods. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years, though early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2028 and anticipates that ASU 2025-06 will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, "Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements," which clarifies interim disclosure requirements by improving the navigability of the required interim disclosures and clarifying when that guidance is applicable. The standard is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures, which is not expected to be material.