Note 15. Revenue

Revenue Recognition

We manufacture and sell high-performance compound semiconductor substrates including indium phosphide, gallium arsenide and germanium wafers, and our consolidated subsidiaries sell certain raw materials, including high purity gallium (7N Ga), pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucibles and boron oxide (B2O3). After we ship our products, there are no remaining obligations or customer acceptance requirements that would preclude revenue recognition. Our products are typically sold pursuant to purchase orders placed by our customers, and our terms and conditions of sale do not require customer acceptance. We account for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract, which could be the customer’s purchase order, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial terms, and collectibility of the contract consideration is probable. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation to transfer products and are short term in nature, usually less than six months; however, we have recently entered into several long-term arrangements with customers. Our revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract with each customer in exchange for transferring products that are generally based upon a negotiated formula, list or fixed price. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to our customer, which is either upon shipment from our dock, receipt at the customer’s dock, or removal from consignment inventory at the customer’s location, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods.

We have elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the goods. Shipping and handling fees billed to customers in a sales transaction are recorded as an offset to shipping and handling expenses. Sales taxes and value added taxes in foreign jurisdictions that are collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and, therefore, are excluded from revenue.

We do not provide training, installation or commissioning services. We provide for future returns based on historical data, prior experience, current economic trends and changes in customer demand at the time revenue is recognized. We do not recognize any asset associated with the incremental cost of obtaining revenue generating customer contracts. As such, sales commissions are expensed as incurred, given that the expected period of benefit is less than one year.

Contract Balances

Contract assets are recorded when we have a conditional right to consideration for our completed performance under the contracts. Accounts receivables are recorded when the right to this consideration becomes unconditional. We believe the fair value of our accounts receivable approximates its carrying value due to its short maturities and nominal credit risk. We do not have any material contract assets as of June 30, 2026. In some contracts we require payment in advance of shipment, per a billing schedule reflected in our customer contracts, and the payment is recorded as a contract liability.

As of June 30, 2026, the aggregate transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations under the long-term supply agreements was approximately $98.5 million, excluding applicable taxes. We expect to recognize this amount as revenue through the first half of 2029 as the related products are delivered and control transfers to customers. The agreements require aggregate contractual advance payments of approximately $47.7 million, of which approximately $12.7 million had been received as of June 30, 2026.

The following table reflects the current portion of contract liabilities, which is included in “Accrued liabilities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands):

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized $1,000 and $29,000, respectively, of revenue that was included in the contract balances as of December 31, 2025. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized $28,000 and $1.6 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the contract balances as of December 31, 2024.

As of June 30, 2026, approximately $1.9 million of contract liabilities was classified as long-term and included in "Other long-term liabilities" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. There were no long-term contract liabilities as of  December 31, 2025.

Disaggregated Revenue

In general, revenue disaggregated by product types and geography (see Note 11) is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of our business and provides meaningful disaggregation of our results of operations. Since we operate in one segment, all financial segment and product line information can be found in the condensed consolidated financial statements.