Note 6 - Common Stock

As of June 30, 2026, the Company was authorized to issue 325 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which 12,044,339 and 6,288,988 shares were issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Stock Option Exercises

During the six-months ended June 30, 2026, no shares of common stock were issued pursuant to the exercise of stock options.

Stock Options Expired / Cancelled

Below is a table summarizing the stock options that expired during the six-months ended June 30, 2026, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

RSU Settlements

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs that vested and settled during the six-months ended June 30, 2026, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2015 Plan.

Below is a table summarizing the RSUs that vested and settled during the six-months ended June 30, 2026, all of which were issued pursuant to the 2024 Plan.

2026 Lind Purchase Agreement

On January 7, 2026, the Company entered into an amended and restated securities purchase agreement (the “Amended SPA”) with Lind Global Asset Management XII LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Lind”). Under the Amended SPA, the Company received $2,000,000 in funding from Lind in exchange for the issuance to Lind of a Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note in the principal amount of $2,400,000 (the “2026 Lind Note”) and a Common Stock Purchase Warrant for the purchase of 350,018 shares of our common stock at a price of $11.428 per share, subject to adjustment, and exercisable for five years (the “2026 Lind Warrant” and, together with the 2026 Lind Note, the “2026 Securities”). The exercise price of the 2026 Lind Warrant was subsequently adjusted to $2.015 per share as a result of the June 2026 equity offering noted below. As additional consideration to Lind, the Company paid a commitment fee in the amount of $70,000, which was paid by deduction from the funding received by the Company. The Amended SPA contains customary representations and warranties of the Company and Lind, indemnification obligations of the Company, termination provisions, and other obligations and rights of the parties.

As previously reported, on May 15, 2025, the Company and Lind entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Original SPA”) pursuant to which the Company issued to Lind a senior secured convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $7,500,000 (the “2025 Lind Note” and collectively with the 2026 Lind Note, the “Lind Notes”) and a common stock purchase warrant to purchase 651,042 shares of common stock (collectively, the “2025 Securities”). The Amended SPA amends and restates the Original SPA to provide for the sale and issuance of the 2026 Securities, which issuance and sale is in addition to the previous issuance and sale of the 2025 Securities.

The 2026 Lind Note, which does not accrue interest, is repayable in 18 consecutive monthly installments in the amount of $133,333 beginning six-months from the issuance date. While the 2026 Lind Note is outstanding, Lind may elect with respect to no more than two monthly payments to increase the amount of such monthly payment up to $1,000,000 upon notice to the Company. The monthly payments due under the 2026 Lind Note may be made by the issuance of common stock valued at the Repayment Share Price (as defined below), cash in an amount equal to 1.05 times the required payment amount, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. The “Repayment Share Price” is defined in the 2026 Lind Note as 90% of the average of the five lowest daily volume weighted average prices of one share of the Company’s common stock during the 20 trading days prior to the payment date. The 2026 Lind Note sets forth certain conditions that must be satisfied before the Company may make any monthly payments in shares of common stock.

The 2026 Lind Note was initially convertible by Lind from time to time at a price of $11.428 per share, subject to adjustment (the “Conversion Price”), or an aggregate of 210,011 shares based upon the initial principal amount and the initial Conversion Price. The Conversion Price was subsequently adjusted to $1.55 per share as a result of the June 2026 equity offering noted below. The dollar amount of any conversions by Lind will be applied toward upcoming Lind Note payments in reverse chronological order. The 2026 Lind Note may be prepaid in whole upon written notice on any business day following 30 days after the earlier to occur of (i) the resale registration statement for the shares underlying the 2026 Lind Note being declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission or (ii) the date that the shares issued pursuant to conversion of the 2026 Lind Note may be immediately resold under Rule 144 without restriction on the number of shares to be sold or the manner of sale; but in the event of a prepayment notice, Lind may convert up to one-third of principal amount due at the lesser of the Repayment Share Price or the Conversion Price.

Issuance of shares of common stock upon repayment or conversion of the 2026 Lind Note (the “Note Shares”) and upon exercise of the 2026 Lind Warrant (the “Warrant Shares”) is subject to an ownership limitation equal to 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock; provided, that if Lind and its affiliates beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, then such limitation shall automatically increase to 9.99% so long as Lind and its affiliates own in excess of 4.99% of such common stock (and shall, for the avoidance of doubt, automatically decrease to 4.99% upon Lind and its affiliates ceasing to own in excess of 4.99% of such common stock).

Upon the occurrence of any Event of Default (as defined in the 2026 Lind Note), the 2026 Lind Note will become immediately due and payable and the Company must pay Lind an amount equal to 120% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Note, subject to a reduction to 110% in certain circumstances, in addition to any other remedies under the 2026 Lind Note or the other transaction documents. Events of Default include, among others, failure of the Company to make any Note payment when due, a default in any indebtedness or adverse judgments in excess of threshold amounts, the failure of the Company to instruct its transfer agent to issue unlegended certificates in certain circumstances, the Company’s shares of common stock no longer being publicly traded or listed on a national securities exchange, any stop order or trading suspension restricting the trading in the Company’s common stock for a specified period, the announcement or consummation of a Change of Control (as defined in the Amended SPA), the failure to file reports or filings required by the SEC, and the Company’s market capitalization falling below a threshold amount for a specified period, each as defined in the 2026 Lind Note.

As a result of the Company’s failure to comply with the market capitalization covenant, on May 21, 2026, the Company and Lind entered into a waiver and consent (the “Waiver”) pursuant to which Lind waived certain rights and remedies under the Lind Notes and the other transaction documents arising from the Company’s failure to comply with the market capitalization covenant, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Waiver. Accordingly, Lind has waived and is no longer entitled to exercise any rights or remedies arising from the Company’s failure to comply with the market capitalization covenant now or in the future, except those rights and remedies set forth in the Lind Notes which are expressly preserved in the Waiver. In particular, Lind waived its rights under the Lind Notes to declare any amounts due and payable, demand immediate payment in full, accelerate obligations or foreclose upon any collateral as a result of the failure to comply with the market capitalization covenant now or in the future. 

The Company’s failure to comply with the market capitalization covenant resulted in the imposition of an additional amount payable under the Lind Notes in an amount equal to 10% of the outstanding principal amount of each Note as provided by the terms of the Lind Notes. Pursuant to the Waiver and in accordance with the terms of the Lind Notes, Lind may demand that all or a portion of the outstanding principal amount of either Note be converted into shares of the Company’s common stock at the lower of (i) the then-current Conversion Price under the applicable Note, and (ii) 90% of the average of the three lowest VWAPs during the 20 trading days prior to the delivery by Lind of the applicable notice of conversion; provided that such conversion does not result in a violation of the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the Lind Notes.

The 2026 Lind Note also contains certain negative covenants, including restricting the Company from certain distributions, stock repurchases, borrowing, sale of assets, loans and exchange offers. Additionally, unless waived by Lind, the Company shall be required to utilize a portion of the proceeds from certain specified debt or equity transactions and asset sales to repay the outstanding principal amount due under the 2026 Lind Note.  Following the June 2026 equity offering noted below, the Company repaid Lind $250,000 from the net proceeds against the outstanding principal of the 2026 Lind Note.

June 2026 Confidentially Marketed Public Offering

On June 7, 2026, VolitionRx Limited (the “Company”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Maxim Purchase Agreement”) with the purchasers listed on the signature pages thereto in connection with the Company’s offer of an aggregate of 2,960,000 shares (the “Shares”) of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), together with accompanying common stock purchase warrants to purchase 1,480,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Warrants” and, together with the Shares, the “Securities”) to the purchasers pursuant to the prospectus registering such Securities (the “Offering”). The Securities were sold at a combined offering price of $1.55 per Share and accompanying Warrant.  Maxim Group LLC acted as the Company’s placement agent in connection with the Offering.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $1.55 per share, are exercisable immediately, and are exercisable for a period of five years from the closing of the Offering. The Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis only if there is no registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for, the issuance of the shares underlying the Warrants to the holder. The Company is prohibited from effecting an exercise of any Warrants to the extent that such exercise would result in the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such holder and its affiliates exceeding 4.99% (or 9.99% at election of the holder) of the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, which percentage may be increased or decreased at the holder’s election not to exceed 9.99%.

The net proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $4.1 million after deducting placement fees and other estimated offering expenses payable by the Company and excluding the proceeds received from the exercise of Warrants, if any. The additional gross proceeds to the Company from the exercise of the Warrants, if fully exercised on a cash basis, will be approximately $2.3 million.

March 2025 Registered Direct Offering

On March 24, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with the several purchasers, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to such purchasers, in a registered direct offering pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-259783) declared effective by the SEC on November 8, 2021 (the “2021 Form S-3”), an aggregate of (i) 118,182 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain of its directors and executive officers, and certain of its existing stockholders (collectively, the “Insiders”) at an offering price of $11.0 per share (the “Insider Shares”), and (ii) 86,954 shares of common stock (the “March 2025 Warrant Investor Shares” and, together with the Insider Shares, the “March 2025 Shares”), together with common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to 86,954 shares of common stock (the “March 2025 Warrants”), at a combined offering price of $11.0 per March 2025 Warrant Investor Share and accompanying March 2025 Warrant, to certain other existing stockholders of the Company and new investors (collectively, the “Warrant Investors”). Each March 2025 Warrant has an exercise price per share of $13.20, and is exercisable on or after March 26, 2025 through and until March 26, 2030. The Insiders did not receive any March 2025 Warrants in the offering. The net proceeds received by the Company for the issuance and sale of the March 2025 Shares and the March 2025 Warrants were $2.3 million, before deducting offering expenses of $0.1 million paid by the Company. The net proceeds above exclude any proceeds arising from the exercise of the March 2025 Warrants. The shares of common stock underlying the March 2025 Warrants were initially registered pursuant to the 2021 Form S-3. The shares of common stock underlying the March 2025 Warrants were subsequently registered pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-286401) declared effective by SEC on April 15, 2025 (the “2025 Form S-1”), and were withdrawn from the 2021 Form S-3.

August 2025 Registered Direct Offering

On August 4, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with the several purchasers party thereto, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to such purchasers, in a registered direct offering pursuant to Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (Reg. No. 333-283088) filed with the SEC on November 8, 2024, as amended on April 11, 2025, and declared effective by the SEC on April 18, 2025 (the “2025 Form S-3”), an aggregate of (i) 156,250 shares of the Company’s common stock to certain of its directors and executive officers (collectively, the “Insider Purchasers”) at an offering price of $0.64 per share (the “August 2025 Insider Shares”), and (ii) 1,734,375 shares of common stock (the “August 2025 Warrant Investor Shares” and, together with the August 2025 Insider Shares, the “August 2025 Shares”), together with common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to 1,734,735 shares of common stock (the “August 2025 Warrants”), at a combined offering price of $0.64 per August 2025 Warrant Investor Share and accompanying August 2025 Warrant, to certain other existing stockholders of the Company. Each August 2025 Warrant has an exercise price per share of $0.768, and is exercisable on or after August 4, 2025 through and until August 4, 2030. The Insider Purchasers did not receive any August 2025 Warrants in the offering. The net proceeds received by the Company for the issuance and sale of the August 2025 Shares and the August 2025 Warrants were $1.21 million, before deducting offering expenses of $0.1 million paid by the Company. The net proceeds exclude any proceeds arising from the exercise of the August 2025 Warrants.

September 2025 Private Placement

On September 18, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an existing stockholder, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to such purchaser 483,870 shares of its common stock (the “September 2025 Shares”), plus warrants to purchase an additional 483,870 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.682 per share (the “September 2025 Warrants”), in a private placement, at a combined offering price of $0.62 per September 2025 Share and accompanying September 2025 Warrant. The September 2025 Warrants were exercisable immediately upon issuance and expire on September 18, 2030. The private placement did not involve any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering or registration with the SEC, and the securities were restricted from further transfer as evidenced by the legend thereon. The net proceeds received by the Company for the issuance and sale of the September 2025 Shares and the September 2025 Warrants were $0.3 million, before deducting offering expenses of $0.02 million paid by the Company. The net proceeds exclude any proceeds arising from the exercise of the September 2025 Warrants.

October 2025 Underwritten Offering

Initial Closing

On October 10, 2025, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Newbridge Securities Corporation (the “Underwriter”), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to the underwriter in an underwritten public offering pursuant to the 2025 Form S-3, at the initial closing, 11,550,000 shares (the “Closing Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, together with accompanying common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 11,550,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Closing Warrants”) at a combined offering price to the public of $0.52 per share of common stock and accompanying common stock warrant to purchase one share of common stock, including $0.01 per common stock warrant, less an underwriting commission of 7.0%. Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the Underwriter a 30-day option (the “Over-Allotment Option”) to purchase up to an additional 1,732,500 shares of common stock (the ”Option Shares” and, together with the Closing Shares, the “Shares”) as well as accompanying common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,732,500 shares of common stock (the “Option Warrants” and collectively with the Closing Warrants, the “Warrants”) at the combined offering price to the public. The offering of the Shares and the Warrants is referred to as the “Offering”.

The Warrants have an exercise price of $0.60 per share, subject to adjustment as provided therein, are exercisable immediately and remain exercisable for a period of five years from the initial closing of the Offering (or the closing of the Over-Allotment Option, as applicable). The Warrants may only be exercised on a cashless basis if there is no registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for, the issuance of the shares underlying the Warrants to the holder. The Company is prohibited from effecting an exercise of any Warrants to the extent that such exercise would result in the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such holder and its affiliates exceeding 4.99% (or 9.99% at election of the holder) of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise. The Company also entered into a warrant agent agreement with the Company’s transfer agent, VStock Transfer LLC which acts as warrant agent for the Company, with respect to the Warrants.

Certain directors and officers agreed to purchase an aggregate of 254,229 shares and accompanying warrants in the Offering on the same terms offered to the public.

Net proceeds to the Company from the initial closing of the Offering were approximately $5.4 million after deducting estimated Offering expenses payable by the Company (and assuming no exercise of any Warrants).

Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, in connection with the initial closing of the Offering on October 14, 2025, the Company reimbursed the Underwriter for $100,000 of its expenses, including fees and expenses of counsel to the Underwriter, and issued the Underwriter (and certain of its designees) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 808,500 shares of its common stock (the “Closing Underwriter Warrants”), equal to 7.0% of the number of Closing Shares sold in the Offering, at an exercise price of $0.63 per share. The Closing Underwriter Warrants are in substantially the same form as the Warrants and are exercisable at any time during the period commencing April 12, 2026 and expire five years after the date of the Underwriting Agreement.

Overallotment Closing

On November 7, 2025, the Company and the Underwriter entered into an amendment to the Underwriting Agreement (the “Amendment”) to modify the terms of the Over-Allotment Option to permit the Underwriter, in its sole discretion, to exercise the Over-Allotment Option with respect to solely Option Shares, solely Option Warrants, or any combination thereof, rather than only as a combined exercise for both Option Shares and Option Warrants together. Concurrently with the execution of the Amendment, the Underwriter exercised its Over-Allotment Option to purchase 1,194,000 Option Shares and 1,732,500 Option Warrants at the same price to public as in the initial closing of the Offering, allocated as $0.51 per share and $0.01 per warrant, less an underwriting discount of 7.0%, for net proceeds to the Company of $582,426 after deducting expenses payable (and assuming no exercise of any warrants).

In connection with the Underwriter’s exercise of the Over-Allotment Option and pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company also issued to the Underwriter (and certain of its designees) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate 83,580 shares of common stock, or 7.0% of the number of 1,194,000 Option Shares sold in the Over-Allotment Option (the “Over-Allotment Underwriter Warrants”), on the same terms as the Closing Underwriter Warrants.

Shares Issued in Repayment of Lind Notes

During the six-months ended June 30, 2026, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,302,343 shares of common stock, with an aggregate fair value of $4.2 million, to Lind in repayment of amounts due under the 2025 Lind Note. The shares were issued at the applicable repayment share prices determined in accordance with the terms of the 2025 Lind Note and satisfied an aggregate of $3.7 million of repayment obligations. Because each such repayment was settled through the issuance of shares, the transactions were accounted for as extinguishments of the corresponding portions of the note. The difference between the fair value of the shares issued and the carrying amount of the obligations extinguished, including the proportionate net host liability, unamortized debt discount, and bifurcated derivative liability derecognized, resulted in an aggregate loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026. Refer to Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies—Convertible Note Payable, for additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding convertible notes, and Note 9 – Subsequent Events, for information regarding share issuances in repayment of the 2025 Lind Note made subsequent to June 30, 2026, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included within this Report.

2025 ATM Sales Agreement

On April 22, 2025, the Company entered into a Capital On DemandTM Sales Agreement (the “2025 ATM Sales Agreement”) with JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC (“JonesTrading”) to sell shares of the Company’s common stock, with an aggregate offering price of up to $7.5 million, from time to time through an “at the market” offering pursuant to the 2025 Form S-3, through JonesTrading acting as the Company’s agent. On August 14, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the 2025 ATM Sales Agreement to increase the maximum offering price of shares of common stock that may be offered, issued, and sold under the 2025 ATM Sales Agreement from $7.5 million to $30.0 million. Although the Company is not obligated to sell any shares under the 2025 ATM Sales Agreement, from April 1, 2026 through June 30, 2026, the Company raised aggregate proceeds (net of broker commissions and fees) of approximately $1,212,344 through the sale of 754,798 shares of its common stock pursuant to the 2025 ATM Sales Agreement. During the six-months ended June 30, 2026, the Company raised $6,622,685 through the sale of 1,466,452 shares of its common stock pursuant to the 2025 ATM Sales Agreement. From inception on April 22, 2025 through June 30, 2026, the Company raised aggregate proceeds (net of broker commissions and fees) of approximately $8,313,019 through the sale of 1,684,657 shares of its common stock pursuant to the 2025 ATM Sales Agreement. See Note 9 – Subsequent Events of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included within this Report for additional details regarding sales under the 2025 ATM Sales Agreement subsequent to June 30, 2026.