Accounting estimates and judgments	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors [Abstract]
Accounting estimates and judgments	accounting estimates The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of judgment in applying the accounting policies and estimation that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and results. Actual results could differ from those estimates and the financial statements will be impacted by key judgments taken. In preparing the interim financial statements, the key sources of estimation uncertainty for the interim period ended June 30, 2026, continue to be the same as those that applied to the consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2025. Key Judgments Key judgments are those made by management in the process of applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements. Those judgments which are considered key are listed below. a) Uncertain tax positions Management uses judgment when identifying and determining whether it is appropriate to provide for uncertain tax positions and for how long provisions for uncertain tax positions are retained, based on assessment as to whether it is probable that a risk would crystallize or not. Management considers tax laws which are in place in making that assessment determining whether it is appropriate to release. Please refer to Note 7 for further information. Significant estimates Information about estimates and assumptions that have significant effects on the amounts reported in the interim financial statements are listed below. In forming these estimates, management has taken into account the impact and potential future impact of supply chain disruptions, high inflation, as well as ongoing geopolitical conflicts. Management will continue to assess the impact of future developments in relation to these matters as it relates to estimates, especially around the carrying value of goodwill, brands and other intangible assets, as well as on property, plant and equipment. In particular, management will focus on the impact of a long-term conflict in Ukraine. While we do not have any direct operations or sales in either Russia or Ukraine, these countries are responsible for many commonly used raw materials and resources such as fish, wheat and energy. We have seen considerable reductions in the availability or increase in cost of such raw materials and resources due to the ongoing conflicts and economic sanctions. At this time it is not possible to predict the extent or nature of future impacts on our business although we expect the current conflict to continue for some time. a) Discounts and trade promotions Discounts given by the Company include rebates, price reductions and incentives given to customers, promotional couponing and trade communication costs. Each customer has bespoke agreements that are governed by a combination of observable and unobservable performance conditions. Trade promotions comprise of amounts paid to retailers for programs designed to promote Company products and include pricing allowances, merchandising funds and customer coupons, which are offered through various programs to customers and consumers. The ultimate costs of these programs can depend upon retailer performance and are the subject of significant management estimates. The estimated ultimate cost of the program is based upon the programs offered, timing of those offers, estimated retailer performance based on history, management’s experience, forecast sales, the redemption rate and current economic trends. At each financial period end date, any discount or trade promotion incurred but not yet invoiced is estimated and accrued for. In certain cases, the estimate for discounts and trade promotions requires the use of forecast information for future trading periods and therefore a degree of estimation uncertainty exists. These estimates are sensitive to variances between actual results and forecasts. The estimate is based on accumulated experience. It is impracticable to disclose the extent of the possible effects of estimation uncertainty, however, it is reasonably possible that outcomes within the next financial year from these agreements are materially different in aggregate to those estimated. The accruals are presented as ‘trade terms’ and offset against trade receivables due to the same customer where there is a legally enforceable right of offset and where settlement is expected to occur on a net basis, otherwise they are presented as trade term payables. The balance of the reduction in trade receivables for trade terms as of June 30, 2026 is disclosed in Note 9. b) Employee benefit obligations The Company operates a number of defined benefit pension schemes and post-employment benefit schemes which are valued by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. Each scheme has an actuarial valuation performed and is dependent on a series of assumptions to estimate the projected obligations. The assumptions include variables which are revised periodically, that include discount rates, expected salary increases, inflation, employee turnover, retirement age, mortality and medical care costs. Our assumptions reflect historical experience and management's best judgment regarding future obligations. The assumptions used affect the current service cost and interest expense as well as changes in the obligation recognized. Net actuarial gains or losses arising from changes in assumptions and from experience are recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss). Since defined benefit pension schemes and post-employment benefit schemes are measured on a discounted basis, the discount rate applied has an impact on the expense and obligation recognized. These discount rates are determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on high quality corporate bonds, except for Sweden where a deep market does not exist and so mortgage bonds are used. See Note 11 for details of material changes, if any, to assumptions since December 31, 2025. c) Carrying value of goodwill and indefinite life brands

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of judgment in applying the accounting policies and estimation that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and results. Actual results could differ from those estimates and the financial statements will be impacted by key judgments taken. In preparing the interim financial statements, the key sources of estimation uncertainty for the interim period ended June 30, 2026, continue to be the same as those that applied to the consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Key judgments are those made by management in the process of applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements. Those judgments which are considered key are listed below.

Management uses judgment when identifying and determining whether it is appropriate to provide for uncertain tax positions and for how long provisions for uncertain tax positions are retained, based on assessment as to whether it is probable that a risk would crystallize or not. Management considers tax laws which are in place in making that assessment determining whether it is appropriate to release. Please refer to Note 7 for further information.

Information about estimates and assumptions that have significant effects on the amounts reported in the interim financial statements are listed below. In forming these estimates, management has taken into account the impact and potential future impact of supply chain disruptions, high inflation, as well as ongoing geopolitical conflicts. Management will continue to assess the impact of future developments in relation to these matters as it relates to estimates, especially around the carrying value of goodwill, brands and other intangible assets, as well as on property, plant and equipment.

In particular, management will focus on the impact of a long-term conflict in Ukraine. While we do not have any direct operations or sales in either Russia or Ukraine, these countries are responsible for many commonly used raw materials and resources such as fish, wheat and energy. We have seen considerable reductions in the availability or increase in cost of such raw materials and resources due to the ongoing conflicts and economic sanctions. At this time it is not possible to predict the extent or nature of future impacts on our business although we expect the current conflict to continue for some time.

Discounts given by the Company include rebates, price reductions and incentives given to customers, promotional couponing and trade communication costs. Each customer has bespoke agreements that are governed by a combination of observable and unobservable performance conditions.

Trade promotions comprise of amounts paid to retailers for programs designed to promote Company products and include pricing allowances, merchandising funds and customer coupons, which are offered through various programs to customers and consumers. The ultimate costs of these programs can depend upon retailer performance and are the subject of significant management estimates. The estimated ultimate cost of the program is based upon the programs offered, timing of those offers, estimated retailer performance based on history, management’s experience, forecast sales, the redemption rate and current economic trends.

At each financial period end date, any discount or trade promotion incurred but not yet invoiced is estimated and accrued for. In certain cases, the estimate for discounts and trade promotions requires the use of forecast information for future trading periods and therefore a degree of estimation uncertainty exists. These estimates are sensitive to variances between actual results and forecasts. The estimate is based on accumulated experience. It is impracticable to disclose the extent of the possible effects of estimation uncertainty, however, it is reasonably possible that outcomes within the next financial year from these agreements are materially different in aggregate to those estimated.

The accruals are presented as ‘trade terms’ and offset against trade receivables due to the same customer where there is a legally enforceable right of offset and where settlement is expected to occur on a net basis, otherwise they are presented as trade term payables. The balance of the reduction in trade receivables for trade terms as of June 30, 2026 is disclosed in Note 9.

The Company operates a number of defined benefit pension schemes and post-employment benefit schemes which are valued by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. Each scheme has an actuarial valuation performed and is dependent on a series of assumptions to estimate the projected obligations. The assumptions include variables which are revised periodically, that include discount rates, expected salary increases, inflation, employee turnover, retirement age, mortality and medical care costs. Our assumptions reflect historical experience and management's best judgment regarding future obligations. The assumptions used affect the current service cost and interest expense as well as changes in the obligation recognized. Net actuarial gains or losses arising from changes in assumptions and from experience are recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss).

Since defined benefit pension schemes and post-employment benefit schemes are measured on a discounted basis, the discount rate applied has an impact on the expense and obligation recognized. These discount rates are determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on high quality corporate bonds, except for Sweden where a deep market does not exist and so mortgage bonds are used. See Note 11 for details of material changes, if any, to assumptions since December 31, 2025.