TERRESTRIAL ENERGY INC.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-42252

TERRESTRIAL ENERGY INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware	98-1785406
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2730 W. Tyvola Road

Suite 100

Charlotte, NC 28217

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(646) 687-8212

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading symbol	Name of Exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	IMSR	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Redeemable Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for one Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share	IMSRW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒	Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 11, 2026, there were 105,935,254 of the registrant’s ordinary shares outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

	Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Part I	Financial Information	4

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	4

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (Unaudited)	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited)	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited)	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited)	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	25

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	25

Part II	Other Information	27

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	27

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	27

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	27

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	27

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27

Item 5.	Other Information	27

Item 6.	Exhibits	27

Exhibit Index		28

Signatures		29

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) of Terrestrial Energy Inc. (“Terrestrial Energy,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us”) contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance and include, without limitation, statements concerning our business strategy, future revenues, market growth, capital requirements, product introductions, expansion plans and the adequacy of our funding. Other statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical facts are also forward-looking statements. We have tried, wherever possible, to identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continue,” “might,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “goal,” “would,” “commit,” and other stylistic variants denoting forward-looking statements.

We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this Quarterly Report, or that we may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on information currently available, as well as our beliefs and assumptions. The actual outcome related to forward-looking statements will be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control or ability to predict. Although we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, they are not guarantees of future performance, and some will inevitably prove to be incorrect. As a result, our actual future results can be expected to differ from our expectations, and those differences may be material. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on forward-looking statements, which are based only on known results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control), or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

The discussion in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

This Quarterly Report and all subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report, except as may be required by law.

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PART I —FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


		June 30,			December 31,
		2026			2025
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	130,737		$	97,164
Short-term investments			142,781			200,626
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			1,274			1,769
Total current assets			274,792			299,559

Property and equipment, net			806			835
Long-term investments			9,911			—
Intangible assets, net			688			708
Right-of-use assets			3,595			1,814
Other assets			76			64
Total Assets		$	289,868		$	302,980

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		$	4,335		$	5,501
Operating lease liabilities, current			1,803			383
Finance lease liabilities, current			33			33
Total current liabilities			6,171			5,917

Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent			2,006			1,601
Finance lease liabilities, noncurrent			37			56
Total liabilities			8,214			7,574

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)

Stockholders’ Equity
Common shares, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 authorized shares; 82,718,567 and 81,771,422 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively			8			8
Exchangeable shares, $0.0001 par value; 23,216,687 and 24,011,017 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively			2			2
Additional paid-in-capital			424,620			418,815
Accumulated deficit			(144,527)			(124,625)
Accumulated other comprehensive income			1,551			1,206
Total stockholders’ equity			281,654			295,406
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$	289,868		$	302,980

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2026		2025		2026		2025

OPERATING EXPENSES
Research and development costs	$	3,498	$	1,441	$	8,064	$	2,849
General and administrative		8,029		3,531		15,333		6,820
Depreciation and amortization		145		198		206		379
Total Operating Expenses		11,672		5,170		23,603		10,048
OPERATING LOSS		(11,672)		(5,170)		(23,603)		(10,048)

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)
Government grants		40		145		88		168
Interest expense		—		(1,238)		(2)		(2,537)
Interest expense – related party		—		(91)		—		(162)
Interest and dividend income		2,481		8		3,934		11
Foreign exchange (loss) gain		(170)		97		(204)		67
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)		2,351		(1,079)		3,816		(2,453)

Net loss before income tax		(9,321)		(6,249)		(19,787)		(12,501)
Income tax expense		(78)		—		(115)		—
Net loss		(9,399)		(6,249)		(19,902)		(12,501)

Loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.09)	$	(0.10)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.20)
Weighted-Average Shares of Common Shares Outstanding, Basic and diluted		105,935,254		63,170,918		105,899,684		63,170,918

Net loss	$	(9,399)	$	(6,249)	$	(19,902)	$	(12,501)
Other comprehensive (loss) income net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(289)		562		(353)		(265)
Change in net unrealized gains on short-term and long-term investments		(140)		—		698		—
Comprehensive loss	$	(9,828)	$	(5,687)	$	(19,557)	$	(12,766)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


									Accumulated
							Additional		Other				Total
	Common Shares			Exchangeable Shares			Paid-In-		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Income		Deficit		Equity
Balance as of January 1, 2026	81,771,422	$	8	24,011,017	$	2	$	418,815	$	1,206	$	(124,625)	$	295,406
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		2,761		—		—		2,761
Shares issued upon exercise of options	140,815		—	—		—		158		—		—		158
Conversion of exchangeable shares to common shares	318,197		—	(318,197)		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of shares for private placement	12,000		—	—		—		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		(64)		—		(64)
Change in unrealized gains on short-term and long-term investments	—		—	—		—		—		838		—		838
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(10,503)		(10,503)
Balance, March 31, 2026	82,242,434	$	8	23,692,820	$	2	$	421,734	$	1,980	$	(135,128)	$	288,596
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		2,886		—		—		2,886
Conversion of exchangeable shares to common shares	476,133		—	(476,133)		—		—		—		—		—
Currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		(289)		—		(289)
Change in unrealized gains on short-term and long-term investments	—		—	—		—		—		(140)		—		(140)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(9,399)		(9,399)
Balance, June 30, 2026	82,718,567	$	8	23,216,687	$	2	$	424,620	$	1,551	$	(144,527)	$	281,654


									Accumulated
							Additional		Other				Total
	Common Shares			Exchangeable Shares			Paid-In-		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares*	Amount		Shares*	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Deficit		Deficit
Balance as of January 1, 2025, as recast	39,159,901	$	4	24,011,017	$	2	$	82,774	$	337	$	(96,608)	$	(13,491)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		180		—		—		180
Issuance of warrants in connection with convertible notes, net of tax	—		—	—		—		2,595		—		—		2,595
Currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		(827)		—		(827)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(6,252)		(6,252)
Balance, March 31, 2025	39,159,901	$	4	24,011,017	$	2	$	85,549	$	(490)	$	(102,860)	$	(17,795)
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		214		—		—		214
Currency translation adjustments	—		—	—		—		—		562		—		562
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		—		(6,249)		(6,249)
Balance, June 30, 2025	39,159,901	$	4	24,011,017	$	2	$	85,763	$	72	$	(109,109)	$	(23,268)

* The shares of the Company’s common stock prior to the Recapitalization have been retrospectively recast to reflect the change in the capital structure as a result of the Recapitalization as described in Note 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2026		2025
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(19,902)	$	(12,501)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		206		379
Amortization of debt discount		—		1,216
Interest income and accretion of discount on investments, net		(98)		—
Stock-based compensation		5,647		394
Unrealized foreign currency transaction gains		(236)		(298)
Noncash lease expense		298		136
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		572		(267)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(1,020)		2,735
Accrued interest		—		1,149
Accrued interest - related party		—		234
Operating lease payments		(261)		(62)
Net cash used in operating activities		(14,794)		(6,885)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of intangible assets		(20)		(26)
Purchases of property and equipment		(161)		(526)
Purchase of investments		(92,511)		—
Proceeds from redemptions of investments		141,142		—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		48,450		(552)

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes		—		9,335
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes – related parties		—		1,650
Proceeds from preferred stock subscription payable		—		25,797
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options for common shares		158		—
Repayment of finance lease liabilities		(18)		(87)
Net cash provided by financing activities		140		36,695

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(223)		103

Increase in cash and cash equivalents during the period		33,573		29,361
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		97,164		3,022
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	130,737	$	32,383

Supplemental noncash investing and financing activities
Recognition of warrants in connection with convertible notes, net of tax	$	—	$	2,595
Operating lease liabilities obtained in exchange for operating lease assets	$	2,125	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

1. Organization and Description of Business

Terrestrial Energy Inc. (the “Company” or “TEI”), a Company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, is a Company developing Generation IV nuclear technology, as defined by the Generation IV International Forum. The Company is committed to delivering reliable, resilient, emission-free, and cost-competitive energy by developing and deploying its patented Integral Molten Salt Reactor (“IMSR”) for commercial operation.

On October 28, 2025 (the “Closing Date”), Terrestrial Energy Inc. (formerly HCM II Acquisition Corp. “HCM II”) consummated the transactions set forth by the Business Combination Agreement dated March 26, 2025 with Terrestrial Energy Development Inc. (formerly Terrestrial Energy, Inc.) (“TEDI”) and HCM II Merger Sub Inc. (the “Business Combination”). Upon closing, Merger Sub merged with and into TEDI, with TEDI surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Terrestrial Energy Inc. (collectively, the “Transactions”). Under the terms of the Agreement, TEDI’s outstanding shares of common stock and convertible notes were exchanged for shares in Terrestrial Energy Inc. at an exchange ratio specified in the Business Combination Agreement (the “Recapitalization”).

The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Under this method of accounting, TEDI was deemed to be the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes.

The Business Combination closed on Tuesday, October 28, 2025, with trading commencing on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) on Wednesday, October 29, 2025.

Upon closing of the transaction, the combined company became known as Terrestrial Energy Inc. and its securities and warrants were listed on Nasdaq under the symbols “IMSR” and “IMSRW”, respectively.

Liquidity and Going Concern

Historically, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash flows from private fundraising offerings to related parties or other investors and other financing activities to fund operations. For the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company reported operating losses of $23,603 and $10,048, respectively, and negative cash flows from operations of $14,794 and $6,885, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, the Company had $130,737 in cash and cash equivalents and $142,781 in short-term investments. The Company had net working capital of $268,621 and an accumulated deficit of $144,527.

The Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to support operations for at least the next twelve months following the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements. This projection is based on the Company’s current expectations regarding cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Articles 8 and 10 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, it does not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The information herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, which was filed on March 30, 2026. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, operating results, and cash flows for the periods presented.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions made when accounting for items and matters such as, but not limited to, determination of deferred income for government assistance, useful life of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of stock options granted, recognition of deferred income tax assets, determination of incremental borrowing rate used to measure lease liabilities, and warrants, are reasonable based on information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as amounts reported on the statements of operations during the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency

The Company’s reporting currency is the United States dollar (“USD”). The functional currency of each subsidiary is determined by the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. The functional currency of Terrestrial Energy Ontario Inc. (“TEON”) is the Canadian dollar (“CAD”), that of Terrestrial Energy Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, the Pound Sterling and that of Terrestrial Energy USA, Inc., the USD. Assets and liabilities of the operating subsidiaries are translated at the spot rate in effect at the applicable reporting date. Revenues and expenses of the operating subsidiaries are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the applicable period. The resulting foreign currency translation adjustment is recorded as Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is reflected as a separate component of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit). The functional currency is translated into U.S. dollars for balance sheet accounts using currency exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date, and for revenue and expense accounts using a weighted-average exchange rate during the respective reporting period. The transactions in foreign currency (that is a different currency than the functional currency of the entity) are converted at the exchange rate prevailing to the date of the transaction. The assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are evaluated in the current period on the date of the closing or at the opening rate, when applicable. The translation adjustments are deferred as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)”. Gains or losses resulting from transactions denominated in foreign currencies and intercompany debt that is not of a long-term investment nature are included in foreign exchange gain (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

Concentration of Credit Risks

The Company’s cash accounts in a financial institution may at times exceed the Federal Depository Insurance Corporation coverage of $250,000. No losses have been incurred to date on any deposit balance.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The authoritative guidance establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances. The categorization of financial assets and liabilities within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels:

●

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

●

Level 2: Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs (other than quoted prices) that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

●

Level 3: Inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, such as cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities. The Company’s investments are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 assets (as described in Note 3). The valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of the Company’s Level 2 financial instruments, which generally have counterparties with high credit ratings, are based on quoted market prices or model-driven valuations using significant inputs derived from and corroborated by observable market data.

Warrants

The Company reviews the terms of warrants to purchase its common stock to determine whether warrants should be classified as liabilities or stockholders’ equity (deficit) in its condensed consolidated balance sheets. In order for a warrant to be classified in stockholders’ equity (deficit), the warrant must be (i) indexed to the Company’s equity and (ii) meet the conditions for equity classification.

If a warrant does not meet the conditions for stockholders’ equity (deficit) classification, it is carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as a warrant liability measured at fair value, with subsequent changes in the fair value of the warrant recorded in other income (expense) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. If a warrant meets both conditions for equity classification, the warrant is initially recorded, at its relative fair value on the date of issuance, in stockholders’ equity (deficit) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the amount initially recorded is not subsequently remeasured at fair value.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements granted to employees in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Compensation: Stock Compensation”, by measuring the grant date fair value of the award and recognizing the resulting expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

exchange for the award. Equity-based compensation expense is only recognized for awards subject to performance conditions if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved. The Company accounts for forfeitures when they occur.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the grant date fair value of its stock-based compensation. This model requires the Company to estimate the expected volatility and the expected term of the stock options, which are highly complex and subjective variables. The Company uses an expected volatility of its stock price during the expected life of the options that is based on the historical performance of the Company’s stock price as well as including an estimate using similar companies. The expected term is computed using the simplified method as the Company’s best estimate given its lack of actual exercise history. The Company has selected a risk-free rate based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity equivalent to the expected exercise term of the stock option.

Prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, there was no public market for the Company’s common stock. Therefore, the Company determined the fair value of common stock at the time of each grant of stock options by considering a number of objective and subjective factors in accordance with applicable elements of the practice aid issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants titled, “Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation.” Stock options granted by the Company have exercise prices equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock, as determined by the Company on the date of grant. After the Closing of the Business Combination, the closing price of the common stock on Nasdaq is used as the fair value of the Company’s common stock.

The Company grants restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to employees and non-employee directors as part of its equity-based compensation program. RSUs represent the right to receive shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting, subject to specified service. RSUs do not have voting or dividend rights prior to the issuance of shares, except for dividend equivalents if and when declared, as applicable under the terms of the award agreements.

The Company accounts for RSUs in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Compensation expense for RSUs is measured at the grant-date fair value, which is equal to the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. For RSUs subject solely to service-based vesting conditions, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Upon vesting, each RSU is converted into one share of the Company’s common stock. The Company may withhold shares to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements. The issuance of shares upon vesting results in an increase to common stock and additional paid-in capital.

Government Grants

Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and all attached conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, the grant is recognized in other income as government grants deferred over the period necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred income, and then recognized as income over the useful life of the related depreciable asset.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to shares in undistributed

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

earnings as if all income (loss) for the period had been distributed. The Company’s preferred stock does not contractually require the holders of such stock to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common stockholders, such losses are not allocated to such participating securities.

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, stock options, warrants, and restricted stock units have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

Segment reporting

The Company has a single operating and reportable segment. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) is its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Company is an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act, until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that the Company (i) is no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these condensed consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has assessed the adoption impacts of recently issued accounting standards by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as well as material updates to previous assessments, if any, to the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

3. Financial Instruments

The following table shows the Company’s cash, cash equivalent and investments by significant investment category as of June 30, 2026:


	As of June 30, 2026
										Cash and Cash		Short-Term		Long-Term
	Amortized Cost			Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Equivalents		Investments		Investments
Cash	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	13,434	$	—	$	—
Level 1:		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Money market funds		—		—		—		—		117,303		—		—
U.S. Treasury securities		135,955		1,868		—		137,823		—		137,823		—
Level 2:		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Government securities		14,910		—		(41)		14,869		—		4,958		9,911
Total	$	150,865	$	1,868	$	(41)	$	152,692	$	130,737	$	142,781	$	9,911


	As of December 31, 2025
										Cash and Cash		Short-Term		Long-Term
	Amortized Cost			Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Equivalents		Investments		Investments
Cash	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,267	$	—	$	—
Level 1:		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Money market funds		—		—		—		—		93,897		—		—
U.S. Treasury securities		199,497		1,129		—		200,626		—		200,626		—
Level 2:		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Government securities		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	199,497	$	1,129	$	—	$	200,626	$	97,164	$	200,626	$	—

As of June 30, 2026, accrued interest earned of $98 related to investments were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. There was no allowance for expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities included as of June 30, 2026 as the unrealized losses were deemed to be temporary in nature.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The following table shows the fair value of the Company’s investments, by contractual maturity, as of June 30, 2026:



Due within 1 year	$	142,781
Due after 1 year through 5 years		9,911
Total fair value	$	152,692

4. Related Party Balances and Transactions

The following table summarizes the Company’s related party transactions for:


		Three months ended						Six months ended
		June 30,						June 30,
		2026			2025			2026			2025
Professional fees and expenses paid to companies controlled by officers included in general and administrative		$	—		$	94		$	—		$	203
Research and development expenses paid to companies controlled by officers included in general and administrative			—			3			—			21

These transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at fair value, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties.

5. Leases

During the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company entered into three lease arrangements with the Board of Regents of The Texas A&M University System related to its operations at the Texas A&M-RELLIS campus in Bryan, Texas.

In March 2026, the Company commenced an operating lease for approximately 1,775 square feet of office space. The lease has an initial term of two years and provides the Company with three additional one-year renewal options. Annual base rent is approximately $116 and increases by 3.5% beginning on the second anniversary of the lease commencement date and annually thereafter.

On June 15, 2026, the Company entered into two ground lease arrangements with the Texas A&M University System covering an aggregate of approximately 77.7 acres at the Texas A&M-RELLIS campus. The first lease covers approximately 44.4 acres, expires on March 31, 2028, and provides for annual base rent of approximately $1,110, payable quarterly and subject to a 3.75% increase on the first anniversary of the commencement date. The second lease covers approximately 33.3 acres, has an initial term ending September 1, 2026, and may be extended through April 30, 2027. Annualized base rent under the second lease is approximately $0.8 million, payable quarterly and prorated for any partial period, before any approved sponsored-research credits. Because the term of the 33.3-acre lease, including the extension period, does not exceed 12 months, the Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption and did not recognize a right-of-use asset or lease liability for that arrangement. Payments under the short-term lease are recognized as lease expense over the lease term.

In connection with operating leases commenced during the six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized approximately $2,125 of operating lease right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, operating lease right-of-use assets were approximately $3,595 and $1,814, respectively, and operating lease liabilities were approximately $3,809 and $1,984, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, operating lease liabilities included approximately $1,803 classified as current and $2,006 classified as noncurrent.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

6. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Preferred Stock

The Company has authorized 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. The Company’s board of Directors is authorized, without further stockholder action, to issue preferred stock in one or more series and to establish the designations, powers, preferences and rights of each such series and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, no shares of Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had 82,718,567 and 81,771,422 shares of common stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock Warrants

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had 30,276,119 outstanding warrants to purchase common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $8.24 per share.

Call Options

Pursuant to various call option agreements entered into with certain stockholders prior to the Company’s Business Combination, the Company retains the right to repurchase up to an aggregate of 6,124,297 shares of its outstanding common stock at fixed exercise prices ranging from $1.12 CAD to $2.24 per share. These call options are exercisable at the Company’s discretion and expire at various dates ranging from December 31, 2035, through March 7, 2043. The call options are not subject to any service, performance, or market-based vesting conditions and are not transferable without Company consent. The Company has not exercised any of these call options to date.

The call options continue to be valid and enforceable following the consummation of the Business Combination. These instruments are presented within stockholders’ equity (deficit) at the original consideration price per share and are not remeasured unless exercised.

Exchangeable Shares

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had 23,216,687 and 24,011,017 exchangeable shares outstanding. These shares are legally issued by Terrestrial Energy Canada (Exchange) Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“ExchangeCo”). Each exchangeable share is convertible on a 1-for-1 basis into the Company’s common shares, either at the option of the holder or upon the occurrence of certain events. The exchangeable shares carry economic rights and dividend entitlements equivalent to the Company’s corresponding equity instruments and participate in Company-level voting through a special voting mechanism. Exchangeable shares hold limited economic rights with respect to ExchangeCo and are not entitled to dividends of ExchangeCo; provided that holders of exchangeable shares are entitled to dividends paid on Company shares.

The Company has entered into a support and exchange agreement with ExchangeCo and a trustee to guarantee all obligations associated with the exchangeable shares and ensure that holders receive equivalent rights that are intended to be substantively equivalent to direct shareholders of the Company. As such, these instruments are treated as equity of the Company and not reported as noncontrolling interests. During the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, 476,133 and zero exchangeable shares, respectively, were exchanged for common shares. During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, 794,330 and zero exchangeable shares, respectively, were exchanged for common shares.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

7. Net Loss per Share of Common Share

Prior to the Business Combination, the Company used the two-class method required for participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to shares in undistributed earnings as if all income (loss) for the period had been distributed. The Company’s preferred stock that was outstanding prior to the Business Combination contractually entitled the holders of such stock to participate in dividends but did not contractually require the holders of such stock to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reported a net loss attributable to common stockholders, such losses were not allocated to the preferred stock. The Company may be required to issue additional common shares pursuant to contingent value rights (“CVRs”) issued in connection with the Business Combination. The number of shares issuable is contingent upon the Company’s future stock price performance over a specified measurement period. As the contingency has not been met as of June 30, 2026, these shares have not been included in the calculation of basic or diluted net loss per share.

After the Business Combination, the Company applied the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities, and the if-converted method to determine the dilutive effect of any potentially dilutive convertible securities, as post-merger, the Company’s only participating securities were shares of the Company’s common stock, and any dividends declared on the common stock would be forfeitable if not vested.

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. There are no potentially dilutive securities included in the Company’s diluted net loss per share calculation for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, as the effect of any potentially dilutive security is anti-dilutive due to the net losses in those periods.

The table below sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net loss per share:


		For the three months ended					For the six months ended
		June 30,					June 30,
		2026			2025		2026			2025
Numerator:
Net loss		$	(9,399)		$	(6,249)	$	(19,902)		$	(12,501)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted			105,935,254			63,170,918		105,899,684			63,170,918
Net loss per share, basic and diluted		$	(0.09)		$	(0.10)	$	(0.19)		$	(0.20)

The weighted-average shares outstanding above include both common shares and exchangeable shares outstanding at June 30, 2026 and 2025 as these shares are exchangeable on a one-for-one basis into the Company’s common shares and are therefore economically equivalent to common shares outstanding.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

The table below sets forth a listing of potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders because the impact of including them would have been anti-dilutive or out-of-the-money. Potentially dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock units, warrants, and other share-settled instruments:


		For the three months ended					For the six months ended
		June 30,					June 30,
		2026			2025		2026			2025
Stock options			17,780,905			19,198,254		17,780,905			19,198,254
RSUs			1,372,856			—		1,372,856			—
Warrants (public and private)			30,276,119			12,670,143		30,276,119			12,670,143
Total			49,429,880			31,868,397		49,429,880			31,868,397

8. Stock-Based Compensation

In 2014, the Company adopted the amended and restated Terrestrial Energy Inc. 2014 Stock Options Plan (“the 2014 Plan”). In connection with the Company’s redomestication to Delaware, outstanding awards under the 2014 Plan were assumed by the Terrestrial Energy Delaware Inc. 2024 Stock Option Plan, which was most recently amended and restated in October 2024, as the Terrestrial Energy Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2024 Stock Option Plan. In October 2025, the Company adopted the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, effective immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination (the “Current Plan”). As of June 30, 2026, the Current Plan authorizes the Company to award equity awards resulting in the issuance of up to 38,347,872 shares of common stock. The Current Plan provides for grants of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, stock appreciation rights and other awards to employees, non-employee directors, consultants and advisors of the Company. The Current Plan is designed to promote the interests of the Company using equity investment interests to attract, motivate, and retain individuals. The Current Plan is administered by the Board of Directors. The Board determines the type, number, vesting requirements and other features and conditions of such awards. Generally, stock options granted from the Current Plan have a contractual term of ten years from the date of the grant and vest over one to three years, subject to the discretion of the Compensation Committee.

The Company has recorded stock-based compensation expense for options of $423 and $214 for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company has recorded stock-based compensation expense for options of $863 and $394 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, total compensation expense related to awards not yet recognized was approximately $2,782 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for RSU awards of $2,463 and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for RSU awards of $4,784 and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The total unrecognized RSU expense as of June 30, 2026 was $7,384 with a weighted-average period over which it is to be recognized of 1.2 years.

9. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to United States federal and state taxes as well as other foreign income taxes.

During the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $78 and $0, which represented an effective tax rate of (0.8%) and 0%, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $115 and $0, which represented an effective tax rate of (0.6%) and 0%, respectively. The effective income tax rates for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are different from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due to the valuation allowance.

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

10. Segment Information

ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may recognize revenues and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer in accordance with ASC 280-10-50-5, who reviews the assets, operating results, and financial metrics for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that there is only one reportable segment.

The CODM assesses performance for the single segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income or loss that also is reported on the consolidated statement of operations as net income or loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheet as total assets when evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation the CODM reviews several key metrics, which include the following:


		Three months ended					Six months ended
		June 30,					June 30,
		2026			2025		2026			2025
Research and development costs		$	3,498		$	1,441	$	8,064		$	2,849
General and administrative expenses			8,029			3,531		15,333			6,820
Other significant non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization			145			198		206			379
Total Operating Expenses		$	11,672		$	5,170	$	23,603		$	10,048

As the Company has not earned significant revenue yet, the key measures of segment profit or loss reviewed by the Company’s CODM are research and development costs and general and administrative expenses to monitor, manage and forecast cash to ensure enough capital is available for working capital needs. The CODM also reviews research and development costs and general and administrative costs to manage, maintain and enforce all contractual agreements to ensure costs are aligned with all agreements and budget.

The geographic location of long-lived assets is as follows:


		June 30,			December 31,
		2026			2025
United States		$	3,196		$	1,191
Canada			1,893			2,166
Total		$	5,089		$	3,357

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation and loss contingencies

From time to time, the Company may be subject to legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and government inquiries (collectively, legal proceedings) in the ordinary course of business. It may receive claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights, defamation, labor and employment rights, privacy,

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Terrestrial Energy Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share data or otherwise stated)

(Unaudited)

and contractual rights. There are no currently pending legal proceedings that the Company believes will have a material adverse impact on the business or condensed consolidated financial statements.

12. Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated subsequent events from June 30, 2026, the date of these condensed consolidated financial statements, through August 11, 2026, the issuance date of these condensed consolidated financial statements for events requiring recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company concluded that no events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “we”, “us”, “our”, its”, “Terrestrial Energy”, or the “Company” refer to Terrestrial Energy Inc. and its subsidiaries.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, which was filed on March 30, 2026. The following discussion contains “forward-looking statements” that reflect our future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. We caution that assumptions, expectations, projections, intentions or beliefs about future events may, and often do, vary from actual results and the differences can be material. All amounts in the below discussion and analysis are in thousands except share and per share data or where otherwise noted.

Overview

Terrestrial Energy Inc. is an advanced nuclear technology company developing the Integral Molten Salt Reactor nuclear plant, which uses the Company’s proprietary design of Generation IV reactor technology. The IMSR Plant is designed to offer large improvements in affordability and utility of nuclear plants and by extension the cost competitiveness of nuclear energy supply when compared to plants built using Light Water Reactor technology as well as other Generation IV technology.

The IMSR Plant uses molten salt reactor technology, which is characterized by its distinctive use of a molten salt eutectic that acts as both nuclear fuel and reactor coolant. This approach enables stable, high-temperature reactor operation, which supports high-efficiency electricity generation using steam turbines as well as direct use as a supply of thermal energy for industrial plant operators seeking clean energy alternatives to fossil fuel combustion in industrial processes.

The Company estimates that the operational advantages accruing from reactor technology and plant design choices place the IMSR Plant competitively in a large and growing serviceable addressable market valued at $1.6 trillion today in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This market includes both clean, firm, and high-temperature thermal energy, and grid-based electric power supply, across a wide range of industrial and grid applications.

The Company believes that its choice of long-proven molten salt reactor technology for the IMSR Plant, designed within a pragmatic and market-focused innovative process that includes the use of standard nuclear fuel, delivers a market-competitive product in a compelling time frame. The IMSR Plant is scheduled for first commercial operation by the mid-2030s, and fleet operation commencing in the late 2030s.

The Company believes that timing of IMSR Plant development is aligned with changes in market demand for nuclear energy and nuclear reactor innovation. These are driven by major industrial innovations in other industrial sectors, by national energy supply insecurity, elevated by the conflict in Ukraine and the conflict in Iran, by national energy policy objectives particularly in the US, and by a broad realization that net-zero is not feasible without a massive expansion in nuclear energy supply as evidenced by declarations at COP28 in Dubai.

Corporate History

HCM II Acquisition Corp. (“HCM II”) was a special purpose acquisition company incorporated on April 4, 2024, as a Cayman Islands exempted corporation for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On October 23, 2025, HCM II domesticated as a Delaware corporation and changed its name to “Terrestrial Energy Inc.” (the “Company”). On October 28, 2025, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2025, as amended, the Company completed the Business Combination with Terrestrial Energy Development Inc., (“TEDI”), a Delaware corporation, with

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TEDI surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Following the Business Combination, the Company became a holding company whose operations are conducted through TEDI and whose primary asset is its equity interest in TEDI. For accounting and financial reporting purposes, the Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, with TEDI treated as the accounting acquirer and HCM II treated as the accounting acquiree.

Recent Developments

In December 2025 and January 2026, the Company executed two OTA agreements with the DOE under programs established by Executive Order 14301. The first agreement, for Project TETRA under the DOE's Advanced Reactor Pilot Program, provides for the construction and operation of a pilot reactor utilizing the Company's IMSR technology and SALEU fuel, enabling the Company to advance from design to operation under DOE authorization outside traditional federal contracting constraints. The second agreement, for Project TEFLA under the DOE's Fuel Line Pilot Program, provides for a pilot production facility to demonstrate the Company's proprietary IMSR Fuel Salt production technology using SALEU feedstock. Fuel produced under Project TEFLA will support the Company’s Project TETRA test reactor project, being developed under DOE’s Advanced Reactor Pilot Program. Together, these agreements are intended to support the commercialization of the Company's IMSR Plant.

On April 23, 2026, the Company announced the submission of a foundational safety analysis report to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) defining the safety events the IMSR is designed to withstand. This submission is a required step toward NRC issuance of a Safety Evaluation Report and future licensing applications for IMSR plant operations. This submission builds on prior regulatory milestones, including the NRC’s issuance of a Safety Evaluation for the IMSR’s Principal Design Criteria in September 2025. Together, these foundational elements establish critical components of the IMSR licensing basis and support continued advancement toward deployment including validation of key design attributes such as inherent reactivity control that delivers a reactor with inherently stable power dynamics.

On May 6, 2026, the Company announced a collaboration with Riot Platforms Inc. (“Riot”) to develop nuclear-powered large-scale data center projects. This partnership combines Terrestrial Energy’s nuclear plant design and licensing expertise with Riot’s expertise in data center design, development, and operations. Riot’s veteran data center development team has experience developing and delivering hyperscale data centers with collective experience spanning design, engineering, construction, operations, marketing, and leasing. Terrestrial Energy and Riot will evaluate scaling optimized configurations of IMSR Plant power supply and data center operations at candidate sites utilizing Riot’s completed data center Basis of Design optimized for large-scale hyperscale tenants.

On May 12, 2026, the Company announced the NRC issued its Safety Evaluation Report (SER) approving the Company’s Postulated Initiating Events (PIE) Topical Report, following the NRC’s acceptance of the Company’s final Topical Report submission in April 2026. The NRC’s SER issuance is an approval of Terrestrial Energy’s PIE methodology, which identifies and evaluates events that may challenge the safe operation of IMSR nuclear plant. This analysis is foundational to nuclear safety analysis and represents another important regulatory milestone as Terrestrial Energy executes on its nuclear regulatory program.

On June 18, 2026, the Company signed ground lease and R&D agreements with Texas A&M University System. These agreements provide exclusive access and rights to approximately 77 acres at the Texas A&M-RELLIS campus in Bryan, Texas, facilitate testing activities, and cover multiple projects, including the planned commercial IMSR Plan at A&M-RELLIS.

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Results of Operations (in thousands, except for share data)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025

The following tables set forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, and the dollar and percentage change between the two periods:


		Three months ended June 30,
(in thousands)		2026			2025			Change $	Change %
Operating expenses:
Research and development costs		$	3,498		$	1,441		2,057	143	%
General and administrative			8,029			3,531		4,498	127	%
Depreciation and amortization			145			198		(53)	(27)	%
Total Operating Expenses			11,672			5,170		6,502	126	%
Operating loss			(11,672)			(5,170)		(6,502)	126	%
Other income (expense):
Government grants			40			145		(105)	(72)	%
Interest expense			—			(1,238)		1,238	(100)	%
Interest expense - related party			—			(91)		91	(100)	%
Interest and dividend income			2,481			8		2,473	30,913	%
Foreign exchange (loss) gain			(170)			97		(267)	(275)	%
Other income (expense):			2,351			(1,079)		3,430	(318)	%
Net loss before income taxes			(9,321)			(6,249)		(3,072)	49	%
Income tax expense			(78)			—		(78)	—	%
Net Loss		$	(9,399)		$	(6,249)		(3,150)	50	%


		Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)		2026			2025			Change $		Change %
Operating expenses:
Research and development costs		$	8,064		$	2,849		5,215		183	%
General and administrative			15,333			6,820		8,513		125	%
Depreciation and amortization			206			379		(173)		(46)	%
Total Operating Expenses			23,603			10,048		13,555		135	%
Operating loss			(23,603)			(10,048)		(13,555)		135	%
Other income (expense):
Government grants			88			168		(80)		(48)	%
Interest expense			(2)			(2,537)		2,535		(100)	%
Interest expense – related party			—			(162)		162		(100)	%
Interest and dividend income			3,934			11		3,923		35,664	%
Foreign exchange (loss) gain			(204)			67		(271)		(404)	%
Other income (expense):			3,816			(2,453)		6,269		(256)	%
Net loss before income taxes			(19,787)			(12,501)		(7,286)		58	%
Income tax expense			(115)			—		(115)		—	%
Net loss		$	(19,902)		$	(12,501)		(7,401)		59	%

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Operating Expenses

Research and development expense

R&D expenses represent costs incurred for designing and engineering the IMSR Plant, including the costs of developing design tools. All research and development costs related to product development are expensed as incurred.

R&D expense for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $3,498 and $1,441, respectively. R&D expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $8,064 and $2,849, respectively. The increase is attributed to an increase in R&D activities performed relating to the IMSR project, compared to 2025, as the Company continues to increase its fuel and graphite testing along with headcount additions to support commercialization activities.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expenses consist of costs, such as rent or lease costs, legal, audit and accounting services, and other professional fees, marketing costs, stock compensation, as well as personnel-related expenses for employees, executives and contractors.

General and administrative expense for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $8,029 and $3,531, respectively. General and administrative expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $15,333 and $6,820, respectively. The increase is primarily attributable to additional stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and restricted stock units issued, along with overall operational growth including headcount as part of the business growth strategy.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization consists primarily of depreciation of our computer software and equipment and amortization of our patents and trademarks.

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $145 and $198, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $206 and $379, respectively. The decrease is attributed to a reduction in total net depreciable fixed assets, as the Company had assets which were fully depreciated in fiscal 2025.

Other Income and Expenses

Interest expense and Interest expense — Related parties

Interest expense and interest expense — related parties decreased by $1,329, or 100%, when comparing the results for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, and by $2,697, or 100%, when comparing the results for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. The decrease was primarily due to conversion of convertible notes by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2025, resulting in no debt outstanding or accruing interest in the first two quarters of 2026.

Interest and Dividend Income

Interest and dividend income increased by $2,473 for the three months ended June 30, 2026 when compared to the same period in 2025, and by $3,923 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 when compared to the same period in 2025, as a result of higher short-term investment and long-term investment balances.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

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operations of $14,794 and $6,885, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, the Company had $130,737 in cash and cash equivalents and $142,781 in short-term investments. The Company had net working capital of $268,621 and an accumulated deficit of $144,527. Management expects that significant on-going expenditures will be necessary to successfully implement our business plan.

The Company commenced trading on Nasdaq under the symbol “IMSR” on October 29, 2025, after completing its business combination with HCM II on October 28, 2025. Pursuant to the closing of the business combination, the Company received in excess of $292,000 in gross proceeds before expenses, which included gross proceeds of $50,000 from the sale of common stock in a private placement (the “PIPE”) and approximately $242,000 from HCM II’s trust account following redemptions of less than 1%.

The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the timing and extent of spending to support further sales and marketing, research and development efforts, the Company’s commercial development and deployment of its IMSR Plants, and future revenues. The Company may seek to obtain additional financing to commercialize the IMSR Plant technology through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, and other means. We believe that we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents and investments, along with continued access to capital markets, to satisfy our cash requirements for the next 12 months from the issuance date of these condensed consolidated financial statements after August 11, 2026 and beyond based on current operating plans.

Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:


		For the six months ended
		June 30,
(in thousands)		2026			2025
Net cash used in operating activities		$	(14,794)		$	(6,885)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		$	48,450		$	(552)
Net cash provided by financing activities		$	140		$	36,695

Cash flows used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $14,794 compared to $6,885 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, an increase of $7,909. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the Company’s operating loss after non-cash items. The cause of the increase in the Company’s operating loss was an increase in engineering costs and general and administrative costs as discussed above.

Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $48,450 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $552 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily related to redemptions of short-term investments, partially offset by purchases of short-term and long-term investments.

Cash flows provided by financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was $140 compared to $36,695 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease of $36,555. The decrease was a result of issuances of convertible notes of $10,985 and the $25,797 advanced proceeds received relating to shares of Preferred Stock prior to the closing of private placement in the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $0 in the current period.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Part II, Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 provides a more complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

There has been no adoption of any new accounting pronouncements.

Emerging Growth Company Status

In April 2012, the JOBS Act was enacted. Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of the extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards and to adopt certain of the reduced disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies. As a result of the accounting standards election, the Company will not be subject to the same implementation timing for new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies which may make comparison of its financials to those of other public companies more difficult.

The Company expects to retain its emerging growth company status until the earliest of:

●

The end of the fiscal year in which its annual revenues exceed $1.2 billion;

●

The end of the fiscal year in which the fifth anniversary of its public company registration has occurred;

●

The date on which it has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the previous three-year period; and

●

The date on which it qualifies as a large accelerated filer.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Certifying Officers, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as

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defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the foregoing, our Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of June 30, 2026. Accordingly, Management believes that the financial statements contained elsewhere in this Report present fairly in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the period presented.

We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

In connection with our continued monitoring and maintenance of our control procedures as part of the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, we continue to review, test, and improve the effectiveness of our internal controls. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to various claims, lawsuits and other legal and administrative proceedings that may arise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims, lawsuits and other proceedings may range in complexity and result in substantial uncertainty; it is possible that they may result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions, or relief. We currently do not have any claims, lawsuits, or proceedings against us that, individually or in the aggregate, would be considered material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our future operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are numerous factors that affect our business and operating results, many of which are beyond our control. Except as provided below, there are no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under the “Risk Factors” section in Terrestrial Energy Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

Except as stated below, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, during the three months ended June 30, 2026:

On June 10, 2026, Simon Irish, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (the “Trading Arrangement”) intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act. The Trading Arrangement is intended to provide for “eligible sell-to-cover transactions” (as described in Rule10b5-(c)(1)(ii)(D)(3) under the Exchange Act) to satisfy tax withholding obligations arising exclusively from the vesting of equity awards and related issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock. The number of shares that will be sold to satisfy applicable tax withholding obligations upon vesting is not currently determinable as the number will vary based on the market price of the Company’s common stock and the extent to which vesting conditions are satisfied.

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.		Description

3.1		Composite Certificate of Incorporation of Terrestrial Energy Inc. (as amended through March 27, 2026) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2026)
3.2		Composite Bylaws of Terrestrial Energy Inc. (as amended through October 28, 2025) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2026)
3.3		Certificate of Designations for Special Voting Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2026)
10.1‡		Employment Agreement, dated April 16, 2026, by and between Terrestrial Energy Development, Inc. and Brian Thrasher (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 16, 2026)
10.2‡		Employment Agreement, dated April 16, 2026, by and between Terrestrial Energy (Ontario) Inc. and William Smith (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 16, 2026)
10.3‡		Employment Agreement, dated April 16, 2026, by and between Terrestrial Energy (Ontario) Inc. and David LeBlanc (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on April 16, 2026)
31.1†		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2†		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS†		XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE†		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104†		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

†	Filed herewith.

* Furnished herewith.

‡ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized.

Date: August 11, 2026

	TERRESTRIAL ENERGY INC.
	(REGISTRANT)

	By:	/s/ Simon Irish
	Name:	Simon Irish
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

	By:	/s/ Brian Thrasher
	Name:	Brian Thrasher
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)