| Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses |
Note 4 Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Loans consisted of the following at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 | | | | | | Amortized Cost | | Percent of Total Loans | | Amortized Cost | | Percent of Total Loans | | Commercial: | | | | | | | | | Non-owner occupied commercial real estate | $ | 6,327,275 | | | 26.4 | % | | $ | 6,105,207 | | | 25.2 | % | | Construction and land | 679,626 | | | 2.8 | % | | 705,664 | | | 2.9 | % | | Owner occupied commercial real estate | 2,039,523 | | | 8.5 | % | | 2,020,572 | | | 8.3 | % | | Commercial and industrial | 6,641,643 | | | 27.8 | % | | 7,008,903 | | | 28.8 | % | | | | | | | | | | Pinnacle - municipal finance | 636,945 | | | 2.7 | % | | 619,374 | | | 2.6 | % | Franchise and equipment finance | 71,740 | | | 0.3 | % | | 102,746 | | | 0.4 | % | | | | | | | | | | Mortgage warehouse lending | 876,771 | | | 3.7 | % | | 728,241 | | | 3.0 | % | | 17,273,523 | | | 72.2 | % | | 17,290,707 | | | 71.2 | % | | Residential: | | | | | | | | | 1-4 single family residential | 5,807,912 | | | 24.3 | % | | 6,091,959 | | | 25.1 | % | | Government insured residential | 847,638 | | | 3.5 | % | | 891,041 | | | 3.7 | % | | 6,655,550 | | | 27.8 | % | | 6,983,000 | | | 28.8 | % | | Total loans | 23,929,073 | | | 100.0 | % | | 24,273,707 | | | 100.0 | % | | Allowance for credit losses | (217,516) | | | | | (219,825) | | | | | Loans, net | $ | 23,711,557 | | | | | $ | 24,053,882 | | | |
Premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs, excluding the non-credit related discount on PCD loans, totaled $21 million and $22 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The amortized cost of PCD loans totaled $29 million and $32 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Included in loans, net are direct or sales type finance leases totaling $405 million and $381 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The amount of income recognized from direct or sales type finance leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 totaled $2.5 million, $4.9 million, $2.9 million and $5.7 million, respectively, and is included in interest income on loans in the consolidated statements of income. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company purchased residential loans totaling $82 million, $139 million, $89 million, and $185 million, respectively. At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had pledged loans with a carrying value of approximately $15.4 billion and $15.6 billion, respectively, as security for FHLB advances and FHLB and Federal Reserve discount window capacity. Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $111 million and $113 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and is included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount of interest income reversed on non-accrual loans was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Allowance for credit losses Activity in the ACL is summarized below for the periods indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | 2026 | | 2025 | | | | Commercial | | Residential | | Total | | Commercial | | Residential | | Total | | | | | | | | Beginning balance | $ | 198,459 | | | $ | 10,331 | | | $ | 208,790 | | | $ | 204,180 | | | $ | 15,567 | | | $ | 219,747 | | | | | | | | | Provision (recovery) | 13,054 | | | 2,044 | | | 15,098 | | | 17,292 | | | (1,598) | | | 15,694 | | | | | | | | | Charge-offs | (10,390) | | | — | | | (10,390) | | | (14,051) | | | (208) | | | (14,259) | | | | | | | | | Recoveries | 4,018 | | | — | | | 4,018 | | | 1,540 | | | 8 | | | 1,548 | | | | | | | | | Ending balance | $ | 205,141 | | | $ | 12,375 | | | $ | 217,516 | | | $ | 208,961 | | | $ | 13,769 | | | $ | 222,730 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | 2026 | | 2025 | | | | Commercial | | Residential | | Total | | Commercial | | Residential | | Total | | | | | | | | Beginning balance | $ | 208,412 | | | $ | 11,413 | | | $ | 219,825 | | | $ | 211,203 | | | $ | 11,950 | | | $ | 223,153 | | | | | | | | | Provision (recovery) | 39,238 | | | 962 | | | 40,200 | | | 29,638 | | | 2,019 | | | 31,657 | | | | | | | | | Charge-offs | (47,186) | | | — | | | (47,186) | | | (36,808) | | | (208) | | | (37,016) | | | | | | | | | Recoveries | 4,677 | | | — | | | 4,677 | | | 4,928 | | | 8 | | | 4,936 | | | | | | | | | Ending balance | $ | 205,141 | | | $ | 12,375 | | | $ | 217,516 | | | $ | 208,961 | | | $ | 13,769 | | | $ | 222,730 | | | | | | | |
The ACL was determined utilizing a 2-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The quantitative portion of the ACL was determined by weighting three third-party provided economic scenarios. The ACL was 0.91% of total loans at both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The most significant factors impacting the ACL for the six months ended June 30, 2026 were net charge-offs, partially offset by higher specific reserves. The ACL was also impacted, although to a lesser extent, by increases related to (i) changes in the economic forecast, (ii) a net increase in certain qualitative factors, (iii) risk rating migration, and decreases related to (iv) changes in portfolio composition, (v) improvements in borrower financial performance, and (vi) routine modeling and assumption updates. The following table presents gross charge-offs during the six months ended June 30, 2026 by year of origination (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gross Charge-offs By Loan Origination Year | | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | Prior to 2022 | | Revolving Loans | | Total | | CRE | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,196 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 7,196 | | | C&I | 289 | | | 302 | | | 25 | | | 16,531 | | | 15,400 | | | 268 | | | 7,175 | | | 39,990 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 289 | | | $ | 302 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 16,531 | | | $ | 15,400 | | | $ | 7,464 | | | $ | 7,175 | | | $ | 47,186 | |
The following table presents the components of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2026 | | 2025 | | | | Amount related to funded portion of loans | $ | 15,098 | | | $ | 15,694 | | | $ | 40,200 | | | $ | 31,657 | | | | | Amount related to off-balance sheet credit exposures | 461 | | | 4 | | | (55) | | | (848) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total provision for credit losses | $ | 15,559 | | | $ | 15,698 | | | $ | 40,145 | | | $ | 30,809 | | | |
Credit quality information Credit quality of loans held for investment is continuously monitored by dedicated commercial portfolio management and residential credit risk management functions. The Company also has a workout and recovery department that monitors the credit quality of criticized and classified loans and an independent internal credit review function. Credit quality indicators for commercial loans Factors that impact risk inherent in commercial portfolio segments include but are not limited to levels of economic activity or potential disruptions in economic activity, health of the national, regional and to a lesser extent global economies, interest rates, industry trends, demographic trends, inflationary trends, including particularly for commercial real estate loans the cost of insurance, patterns of and trends in customer behavior that influence demand for our borrowers' products and services, and commercial real estate values and related market dynamics. Particularly for the office sector, the evolving impact of hybrid and remote work on vacancies and valuations is a factor. Internal risk ratings are considered the most meaningful indicator of credit quality for commercial loans. Internal risk ratings are one indicator of the likelihood that a borrower will default, are a key factor influencing the level and nature of ongoing monitoring of loans and may impact the estimation of the ACL. Internal risk ratings are updated on a continuous basis. Generally, relationships with balances greater than $3 million are re-evaluated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances indicate that a change in risk rating may be warranted. The special mention rating is considered a transitional rating for loans exhibiting potential credit weaknesses that could result in deterioration of repayment prospects at some future date if not checked or corrected and that deserve management’s close attention. These borrowers may exhibit declining cash flows or revenues or increasing leverage. Loans with well-defined credit weaknesses that may result in a loss if the deficiencies are not corrected are assigned a risk rating of substandard. These borrowers may exhibit payment defaults, inadequate cash flows from current operations, operating losses, increasing balance sheet leverage, project cost overruns, unreasonable construction delays, exhausted interest reserves, declining collateral values, frequent overdrafts or past due real estate taxes. Loans with weaknesses so severe that collection in full is highly questionable or improbable, but because of certain reasonably specific pending factors have not been charged off, are assigned an internal risk rating of doubtful. Commercial credit exposure based on internal risk rating (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | Revolving Loans | | | | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | Prior | | | Total | | CRE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | 769,470 | | | $ | 1,976,292 | | | $ | 826,615 | | | $ | 637,621 | | | $ | 739,299 | | | $ | 1,492,308 | | | $ | 84,006 | | | $ | 6,525,611 | | | Special mention | — | | | — | | | — | | | 16,655 | | | — | | | 17,213 | | | — | | | 33,868 | | | Substandard | 395 | | | — | | | — | | | 54,687 | | | 83,454 | | | 286,679 | | | 22,207 | | | 447,422 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total CRE | $ | 769,865 | | | $ | 1,976,292 | | | $ | 826,615 | | | $ | 708,963 | | | $ | 822,753 | | | $ | 1,796,200 | | | $ | 106,213 | | | $ | 7,006,901 | | C&I | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | 758,744 | | | $ | 1,500,369 | | | $ | 950,695 | | | $ | 646,638 | | | $ | 612,512 | | | $ | 1,083,379 | | | $ | 2,554,756 | | | $ | 8,107,093 | | | Special mention | — | | | 9,520 | | | 57,099 | | | 24,182 | | | 16,366 | | | 5,174 | | | 28,989 | | | 141,330 | | | Substandard | — | | | 17,074 | | | 59,581 | | | 63,824 | | | 88,345 | | | 116,748 | | | 45,489 | | | 391,061 | | | Doubtful | — | | | — | | | 3,072 | | | 7,521 | | | 3,013 | | | 15,134 | | | 12,942 | | | 41,682 | | | Total C&I | $ | 758,744 | | | $ | 1,526,963 | | | $ | 1,070,447 | | | $ | 742,165 | | | $ | 720,236 | | | $ | 1,220,435 | | | $ | 2,642,176 | | | $ | 8,681,166 | | | Pinnacle - municipal finance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | 77,412 | | | $ | 87,772 | | | $ | 31,661 | | | $ | 41,143 | | | $ | 60,037 | | | $ | 338,920 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 636,945 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total Pinnacle - municipal finance | $ | 77,412 | | | $ | 87,772 | | | $ | 31,661 | | | $ | 41,143 | | | $ | 60,037 | | | $ | 338,920 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 636,945 | | Franchise and equipment finance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,653 | | | $ | 2,026 | | | $ | 64,062 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 67,741 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Substandard | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 3,999 | | | — | | | 3,999 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total Franchise and equipment finance | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,653 | | | $ | 2,026 | | | $ | 68,061 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 71,740 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mortgage warehouse lending | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 876,771 | | | $ | 876,771 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total Mortgage warehouse lending | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 876,771 | | | $ | 876,771 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2025 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | Revolving Loans | | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | Prior | | | Total | | CRE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | 1,836,664 | | | $ | 870,799 | | | $ | 822,536 | | | $ | 826,480 | | | $ | 382,747 | | | $ | 1,286,442 | | | $ | 119,505 | | | $ | 6,145,173 | | | Special mention | — | | | — | | | 16,422 | | | 21,436 | | | 12,154 | | | 32,135 | | | — | | | 82,147 | | | Substandard | 34,723 | | | — | | | — | | | 87,201 | | | 105,074 | | | 356,553 | | | — | | | 583,551 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total CRE | $ | 1,871,387 | | | $ | 870,799 | | | $ | 838,958 | | | $ | 935,117 | | | $ | 499,975 | | | $ | 1,675,130 | | | $ | 119,505 | | | $ | 6,810,871 | | | C&I | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | 1,693,466 | | | $ | 1,159,621 | | | $ | 795,383 | | | $ | 674,292 | | | $ | 337,040 | | | $ | 1,001,431 | | | $ | 2,852,094 | | | $ | 8,513,327 | | | Special mention | — | | | 13,739 | | | 17,160 | | | 36,538 | | | 5,255 | | | — | | | 20,170 | | | 92,862 | | | Substandard | 1,167 | | | 24,280 | | | 65,788 | | | 90,484 | | | 20,650 | | | 104,078 | | | 68,592 | | | 375,039 | | | Doubtful | — | | | — | | | 13,462 | | | 6,377 | | | 14,954 | | | — | | | 13,454 | | | 48,247 | | | Total C&I | $ | 1,694,633 | | | $ | 1,197,640 | | | $ | 891,793 | | | $ | 807,691 | | | $ | 377,899 | | | $ | 1,105,509 | | | $ | 2,954,310 | | | $ | 9,029,475 | | | Pinnacle - municipal finance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | 94,045 | | | $ | 37,328 | | | $ | 55,340 | | | $ | 63,653 | | | $ | 36,700 | | | $ | 332,308 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 619,374 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total Pinnacle - municipal finance | $ | 94,045 | | | $ | 37,328 | | | $ | 55,340 | | | $ | 63,653 | | | $ | 36,700 | | | $ | 332,308 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 619,374 | | Franchise and equipment finance | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,778 | | | $ | 3,125 | | | $ | 22,423 | | | $ | 58,739 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 86,065 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Substandard | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 16,681 | | | — | | | 16,681 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total Franchise and equipment finance | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,778 | | | $ | 3,125 | | | $ | 22,423 | | | $ | 75,420 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 102,746 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mortgage warehouse lending | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pass | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 728,241 | | | $ | 728,241 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total Mortgage warehouse lending | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 728,241 | | | $ | 728,241 | |
At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the balance of revolving loans converted to term loans was immaterial. The following table presents criticized and classified commercial loans in aggregate by risk rating category at the dates indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | | | December 31, 2025 | | | | | | Special mention | $ | 175,198 | | | | | $ | 175,009 | | | | | | | Substandard - accruing | 686,274 | | | | | 674,368 | | | | | | | Substandard - non-accruing | 156,208 | | | | | 300,903 | | | | | | | Doubtful | 41,682 | | | | | 48,247 | | | | | | | Total | $ | 1,059,362 | | | | | $ | 1,198,527 | | | | | |
Credit quality indicators for residential loans Management considers delinquency status to be the most meaningful indicator of the credit quality of residential loans, other than government insured residential loans. Delinquency status is updated at least monthly. LTV and FICO scores are also important indicators of credit quality for 1-4 single family residential loans other than government insured loans. FICO scores are generally updated semi-annually and were most recently updated in the first quarter of 2026. LTVs are typically at origination. Substantially all of the government insured residential loans are government insured Buyout Loans, which the Company buys out of GNMA securitizations upon default. For these loans, traditional measures of credit quality are not particularly relevant considering the guaranteed nature of the loans and the underlying business model. Factors that impact risk inherent in the residential portfolio segment include national and regional economic conditions such as levels of unemployment, wages and interest rates, as well as residential property values. 1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on delinquency status (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | | Days Past Due | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | Prior | | Total | | Current | $ | 83,278 | | | $ | 250,408 | | | $ | 148,186 | | | $ | 175,667 | | | $ | 879,036 | | | $ | 4,205,607 | | | $ | 5,742,182 | | | 30 - 59 Days Past Due | 1,159 | | | — | | | 1,157 | | | 4,524 | | | 2,441 | | | 30,630 | | | 39,911 | | | 60 - 89 Days Past Due | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,301 | | | 3,046 | | | 2,842 | | | 7,189 | | | 90 Days or More Past Due | — | | | 159 | | | 1,599 | | | 1,104 | | | 1,256 | | | 14,512 | | | 18,630 | | | $ | 84,437 | | | $ | 250,567 | | | $ | 150,942 | | | $ | 182,596 | | | $ | 885,779 | | | $ | 4,253,591 | | | $ | 5,807,912 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2025 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | | Days Past Due | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | Prior | | Total | | Current | $ | 245,592 | | | $ | 197,279 | | | $ | 232,600 | | | $ | 920,112 | | | $ | 2,543,128 | | | $ | 1,883,061 | | | $ | 6,021,772 | | | 30 - 59 Days Past Due | 2,445 | | | 72 | | | 884 | | | 7,390 | | | 17,045 | | | 20,263 | | | 48,099 | | | 60 - 89 Days Past Due | 395 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,471 | | | 2,602 | | | 4,468 | | | 90 Days or More Past Due | 159 | | | 2,016 | | | 72 | | | 975 | | | 5,380 | | | 9,018 | | | 17,620 | | | $ | 248,591 | | | $ | 199,367 | | | $ | 233,556 | | | $ | 928,477 | | | $ | 2,567,024 | | | $ | 1,914,944 | | | $ | 6,091,959 | |
1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on LTV (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | | | LTV | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | Prior | | Total | | Less than 61% | $ | 14,878 | | | $ | 43,032 | | | $ | 17,757 | | | $ | 29,340 | | | $ | 204,534 | | | $ | 1,595,531 | | | $ | 1,905,072 | | | 61% - 70% | 27,546 | | | 43,190 | | | 19,480 | | | 19,484 | | | 228,047 | | | 1,110,409 | | | 1,448,156 | | | 71% - 80% | 25,842 | | | 99,598 | | | 85,947 | | | 107,234 | | | 449,839 | | | 1,488,249 | | | 2,256,709 | | | More than 80% | 16,171 | | | 64,747 | | | 27,758 | | | 26,538 | | | 3,359 | | | 59,402 | | | 197,975 | | | $ | 84,437 | | | $ | 250,567 | | | $ | 150,942 | | | $ | 182,596 | | | $ | 885,779 | | | $ | 4,253,591 | | | $ | 5,807,912 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2025 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | | | LTV | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | Prior | | Total | | Less than 61% | $ | 42,822 | | | $ | 25,252 | | | $ | 41,263 | | | $ | 213,007 | | | $ | 1,035,507 | | | $ | 652,497 | | | $ | 2,010,348 | | | 61% - 70% | 43,662 | | | 24,753 | | | 28,681 | | | 241,588 | | | 715,135 | | | 454,229 | | | 1,508,048 | | | 71% - 80% | 102,327 | | | 116,351 | | | 133,730 | | | 470,437 | | | 785,474 | | | 775,835 | | | 2,384,154 | | | More than 80% | 59,780 | | | 33,011 | | | 29,882 | | | 3,445 | | | 30,908 | | | 32,383 | | | 189,409 | | | $ | 248,591 | | | $ | 199,367 | | | $ | 233,556 | | | $ | 928,477 | | | $ | 2,567,024 | | | $ | 1,914,944 | | | $ | 6,091,959 | |
1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on FICO score (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | | | FICO | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | Prior | | Total | | 760 or greater | $ | 61,546 | | | $ | 179,436 | | | $ | 113,448 | | | $ | 127,363 | | | $ | 629,300 | | | $ | 3,276,812 | | | $ | 4,387,905 | | | 720 - 759 | 22,582 | | | 45,963 | | | 24,268 | | | 28,407 | | | 138,053 | | | 571,905 | | | 831,178 | | 719 or less or not available | 309 | | | 25,168 | | | 13,226 | | | 26,826 | | | 118,426 | | | 404,874 | | | 588,829 | | | $ | 84,437 | | | $ | 250,567 | | | $ | 150,942 | | | $ | 182,596 | | | $ | 885,779 | | | $ | 4,253,591 | | | $ | 5,807,912 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2025 | | Amortized Cost By Origination Year | | | | FICO | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | Prior | | Total | | 760 or greater | $ | 178,910 | | | $ | 145,699 | | | $ | 167,837 | | | $ | 671,820 | | | $ | 2,058,226 | | | $ | 1,395,521 | | | $ | 4,618,013 | | | 720 - 759 | 54,894 | | | 35,812 | | | 37,624 | | | 144,931 | | | 324,779 | | | 287,334 | | | 885,374 | | 719 or less or not available | 14,787 | | | 17,856 | | | 28,095 | | | 111,726 | | | 184,019 | | | 232,089 | | | 588,572 | | | $ | 248,591 | | | $ | 199,367 | | | $ | 233,556 | | | $ | 928,477 | | | $ | 2,567,024 | | | $ | 1,914,944 | | | $ | 6,091,959 | |
Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans The following table presents an aging of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 | | | | | | Current | | 30 - 59 Days Past Due | | 60 - 89 Days Past Due | | 90 Days or More Past Due | | Total Amortized Cost | | Current | | 30 - 59 Days Past Due | | 60 - 89 Days Past Due | | 90 Days or More Past Due | | Total Amortized Cost | | CRE | $ | 7,000,817 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,084 | | | $ | 7,006,901 | | | $ | 6,768,897 | | | $ | 751 | | | $ | 14,867 | | | $ | 26,356 | | | $ | 6,810,871 | | | C&I | 8,593,333 | | | 23,846 | | | 8,828 | | | 55,159 | | | 8,681,166 | | | 8,893,254 | | | 6,136 | | | 48,711 | | | 81,374 | | | 9,029,475 | | | Pinnacle - municipal finance | 636,945 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 636,945 | | | 619,374 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 619,374 | | Franchise and equipment finance | 71,637 | | | — | | | 103 | | | — | | | 71,740 | | | 102,746 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 102,746 | | Mortgage warehouse lending | 876,771 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 876,771 | | | 728,241 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 728,241 | | | 1-4 single family residential | 5,742,182 | | | 39,911 | | | 7,189 | | | 18,630 | | | 5,807,912 | | | 6,021,772 | | | 48,099 | | | 4,468 | | | 17,620 | | | 6,091,959 | | | Government insured residential | 564,046 | | | 78,601 | | | 29,614 | | | 175,377 | | | 847,638 | | | 604,334 | | | 101,672 | | | 25,926 | | | 159,109 | | | 891,041 | | | $ | 23,485,731 | | | $ | 142,358 | | | $ | 45,734 | | | $ | 255,250 | | | $ | 23,929,073 | | | $ | 23,738,618 | | | $ | 156,658 | | | $ | 93,972 | | | $ | 284,459 | | | $ | 24,273,707 | |
Included in the table above is the guaranteed portion of SBA loans past due by 90 days or more totaling $31 million ($25 million of C&I and $6 million of CRE) and $34 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $176 million and $159 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, substantially all of which were government insured residential loans. These loans are Buyout Loans, which the Company buys out of GNMA securitizations upon default. The following table presents information about loans on non-accrual status at the dates indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 | | | | | | Amortized Cost | | Amortized Cost With No Related Allowance | | Amortized Cost | | Amortized Cost With No Related Allowance | | CRE | $ | 36,255 | | | $ | 3,731 | | | $ | 108,959 | | | $ | 74,976 | | | C&I | 160,599 | | | 35,638 | | | 238,267 | | | 88,112 | | | | | | | | | | Franchise and equipment finance | 1,036 | | | 1,036 | | | 2,516 | | | 2,516 | | | 1-4 single family residential | 26,034 | | | — | | | 22,876 | | | — | | | $ | 223,924 | | | $ | 40,405 | | | $ | 372,618 | | | $ | 165,604 | |
Included in the table above is the guaranteed portion of non-accrual SBA loans totaling $31.8 million and $37.9 million at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The amount of interest income recognized on non-accrual loans was insignificant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. The amount of additional interest income that would have been recognized on non-accrual loans had they performed in accordance with their contractual terms was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Collateral dependent loans The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans at the dates indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | December 31, 2025 | | Amortized Cost | | Extent to Which Secured by Collateral | | Amortized Cost | | Extent to Which Secured by Collateral | | | | | | | | | | CRE | $ | 36,239 | | | $ | 35,615 | | | $ | 112,494 | | | $ | 112,071 | | | C&I | 145,344 | | | 102,096 | | | 170,222 | | | 142,356 | | | | | | | | | | | Franchise and equipment finance | 1,035 | | | 1,035 | | | 2,516 | | | 2,516 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 182,618 | | | $ | 138,746 | | | $ | 285,232 | | | $ | 256,943 | |
Collateral for the CRE loan class generally consists of commercial real estate, or for certain construction loans, residential real estate. Collateral for C&I loans generally consists of equipment, accounts receivable, inventory and other business assets and for owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, may also include commercial real estate. Franchise and equipment finance loans may be collateralized by franchise value or by equipment. There were no significant changes to the extent to which collateral secured collateral dependent loans during the six months ended June 30, 2026. Foreclosure of residential real estate The recorded investment in residential loans in the process of foreclosure was $117 million, of which $107 million was government insured at June 30, 2026, and $104 million, of which $96 million was government insured at December 31, 2025. The carrying amount of foreclosed residential real estate included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet was insignificant at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025Loan Modifications The following tables summarize loans that were modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by type of modification, during the periods indicated (dollars in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 | | | | | | | | Combination | | | | | | Interest Rate Reduction | | Term Extension | | | | Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Other (1) | | Total | | % Modified in Portfolio Segment | | CRE | $ | — | | | $ | 35,431 | | | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 29,922 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 65,353 | | | 1 | % | | C&I | — | | | 6,235 | | | | | — | | | — | | | 52,184 | | | — | | | 58,419 | | | 1 | % | | Franchise and equipment finance | — | | | 2,132 | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | 2,132 | | | 3 | % | | 1-4 single family residential | 141 | | | — | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 141 | | | — | % | | Government insured residential | — | | | 8,685 | | | | | 4,603 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 13,288 | | | 2 | % | | $ | 141 | | | $ | 52,483 | | | | | $ | 4,603 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 82,106 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 139,333 | | | 1 | % |
(1)Other modifications include loans that experienced a combination of Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Combination | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Interest Rate Reduction | | Term Extension | | | | Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Other (1) | | Total | | % Modified in Portfolio Segment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CRE | $ | — | | | $ | 35,431 | | | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 29,922 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 65,353 | | | 1 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | 118 | | | 6,235 | | | | | — | | | — | | | 52,184 | | | 23,216 | | | 81,753 | | | 1 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Franchise and equipment finance | — | | | 2,132 | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | 2,132 | | | 3 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1-4 single family residential | 906 | | | — | | | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 906 | | | — | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | — | | | 11,344 | | | | | 4,603 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15,947 | | | 2 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,024 | | | $ | 55,142 | | | | | $ | 4,603 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 82,106 | | | $ | 23,216 | | | $ | 166,091 | | | 1 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1)Other modifications include loans that experienced a combination of Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | Combination | | | | | | Interest Rate Reduction | | Term Extension | | Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | | | Total | | % Modified in Portfolio Segment | | CRE | $ | — | | | $ | 91,833 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 91,833 | | | 1 | % | | C&I | — | | | 10,451 | | | 29,816 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | 40,267 | | | — | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1-4 single family residential | 36 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | 36 | | 36 | | — | % | | Government insured residential | — | | | 12,713 | | | — | | | 7,145 | | | — | | | — | | | | | 19,858 | | | 2 | % | | $ | 36 | | | $ | 114,997 | | | $ | 29,816 | | | $ | 7,145 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 151,994 | | | 1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Combination | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Interest Rate Reduction | | Term Extension | | Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | | | Total | | % Modified in Portfolio Segment | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CRE | $ | — | | | $ | 91,833 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 8,912 | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 100,745 | | | 2 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | — | | | 10,451 | | | 50,395 | | | — | | | — | | | 6,587 | | | | | 67,433 | | | 1 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1-4 single family residential | 36 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | 36 | | | — | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | — | | | 17,653 | | | — | | | 8,668 | | | — | | | — | | | | | 26,321 | | | 2 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 36 | | | $ | 119,937 | | | $ | 50,395 | | | $ | 8,668 | | | $ | 8,912 | | | $ | 6,587 | | | | | $ | 194,535 | | | 1 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables summarize the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing difficulty, during the periods indicated: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2026 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Financial Effect | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Interest Rate Reduction: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1-4 single family residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 6.9% to 6.4%. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Term Extension: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CRE | | Added a weighted average 0.4 year to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 0.2 year to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Franchise and equipment finance | | Added a weighted average 1.5 years to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | | Added a weighted average 13.9 years to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.0% to 6.5% and added a weighted average 6.0 years to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CRE | | Added a weighted average 2.0 years to the term of the modified loans and provided 2.0 years of payment deferral. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 1.4 years to the term of the modified loans and provided 2.0 years of payment deferral. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 | | | Financial Effect | | Interest Rate Reduction: | | | | C&I | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 11.3% to 9.8% | | 1-4 single family residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 6.5% to 6.2%. | | Term Extension: | | | | CRE | | Added a weighted average 0.4 years to the term of the modified loans. | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 0.3 years to the term of the modified loans. | | Franchise and equipment finance | | Added a weighted average 1.5 years to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | Government insured residential | | Added a weighted average 13.9 years to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.0% to 6.5% and added a weighted average 6.0 years to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: | | | | CRE | | Added a weighted average 4.0 years to the term of the modified loans and provided 2.0 years of payment deferral. | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 2.7 years to the term of the modified loans and provided 1.9 years of payment deferral. | | Other: | | | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 1.9 years to the term of the modified loans, reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 11.7% to 8.2%, and provided 3.8 years of payment deferral. |
| | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | Financial Effect | | Interest Rate Reduction: | | | | 1-4 single family residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 8.3% to 7.0%. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Term Extension: | | | | | | | CRE | | Added a weighted average 0.9 year to the term of the modified loans. | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 0.6 year to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | Government insured residential | | Added a weighted average 12.5 years to the term of the modified loans. | | Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: | | | C&I | | Provided 0.9 year of payment deferral. | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension: | | | | | | | Government insured residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.3% to 7.1% and added a weighted average 3.5 years to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | | | Financial Effect | | Interest Rate Reduction: | | | | 1-4 single family residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 8.3% to 7.0%. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Term Extension: | | | | CRE | | Added a weighted average 0.9 year to the term of the modified loans. | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 0.9 year to the term of the modified loans. | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | | Added a weighted average 12.1 years to the term of the modified loans. | Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: | | | | C&I | | Provided 0.7 year of payment deferral. | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension: | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 7.3% to 7.1% and added a weighted average 3.1 years to the term of the modified loans. | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: | | | | CRE | | Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate from 4.3% to 3.5% and provided 0.7 year of payment deferral. | | Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays: | | | | C&I | | Added a weighted average 0.6 year to the term of the modified loans and provided 1.3 years of payment deferral. | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables present the aging at the dates indicated, of loans that were modified within the previous 12 months (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2026 | | | | | | | | | | Current | | 30-59 Days Past Due | | 60-89 Days Past Due | | 90 Days or More Past Due | | Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CRE | $ | 91,013 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 91,013 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | 75,491 | | | 2,000 | | | — | | | 4,263 | | | 81,754 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Franchise and equipment finance | 2,132 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 2,132 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1-4 single family residential | 906 | | | 86 | | | — | | | — | | | 992 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | 12,213 | | | 5,637 | | | 3,364 | | | 15,380 | | | 36,594 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 181,755 | | | $ | 7,723 | | | $ | 3,364 | | | $ | 19,643 | | | $ | 212,485 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | June 30, 2025 | | | | | | | | | | Current | | 30-59 Days Past Due | | 60-89 Days Past Due | | 90 Days or More Past Due | | Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CRE | $ | 163,759 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 16,450 | | | $ | 180,209 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | 94,846 | | | 2,148 | | | — | | | 826 | | | 97,820 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Franchise and equipment finance | 1,455 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,455 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1-4 single family residential | 36 | | | 169 | | | — | | | — | | | 205 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | 17,514 | | | 6,847 | | | 4,029 | | | 9,102 | | | 37,492 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 277,610 | | | $ | 9,164 | | | $ | 4,029 | | | $ | 26,378 | | | $ | 317,181 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following tables summarize loans that were modified within the previous 12 months and defaulted during the periods indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | | 2026 | | | | 2025 | | | | Term Extension | | | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | | | Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Total | | | | Term Extension | | Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | | Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | 4,263 | | | $ | 4,263 | | | | | $ | — | | | $ | 826 | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 826 | | | Government insured residential | | | 1,763 | | | | | 2,117 | | | | | — | | | 3,880 | | | | | 2,685 | | | — | | | 2,529 | | | | 5,214 | | | | | $ | 1,763 | | | | | $ | 2,117 | | | | | $ | 4,263 | | | $ | 8,143 | | | | | $ | 2,685 | | | $ | 826 | | | $ | 2,529 | | | | $ | 6,040 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | | 2026 | | | | 2025 | | | | Term Extension | | | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | | | Combination - Term Extension and Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Total | | | | Term Extension | | Other than Insignificant Payment Delays | | Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension | | | Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C&I | | | $ | — | | | | | $ | — | | | | | 4,263 | | | $ | 4,263 | | | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,007 | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 1,007 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Government insured residential | | | 7,532 | | | | | 5,827 | | | | | — | | | 13,359 | | | | | 5,859 | | | — | | | 3,901 | | | | 9,760 | | | | | $ | 7,532 | | | | | $ | 5,827 | | | | | 4,263 | | | $ | 17,622 | | | | | $ | 5,859 | | | $ | 1,007 | | | $ | 3,901 | | | | $ | 10,767 | |
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