Reconciliations of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the first six months of 2026 and for the year ended December 31, 2025 follow (in millions).


	June 30, 2026			December 31, 2025
Balance at the beginning of the year*	$	83,074		$	83,880
Business acquisitions		352			459
Other, including impairments and foreign currency translation		(253	)		(1,265	)
Balance at the end of the period*	$	83,173		$	83,074

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* Net of accumulated goodwill impairments of $13.0 billion as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and $11.5 billion as of December 31, 2024.

Other intangible assets are summarized below (in millions).


	June 30, 2026						December 31, 2025
	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying value
Insurance and other:
Customer relationships	$	31,768	$	10,066	$	21,702	$	31,215	$	9,638	$	21,577
Trademarks and trade names		9,170		1,219		7,951		9,007		1,143		7,864
Patents and technology		5,413		4,323		1,090		5,237		4,196		1,041
Other		5,635		2,429		3,206		5,608		2,288		3,320
	$	51,986	$	18,037	$	33,949	$	51,067	$	17,265	$	33,802
Railroad, utilities and energy:*
Customer relationships and contracts	$	1,540	$	854	$	686	$	1,541	$	809	$	732
Other		438		138		300		442		134		308
	$	1,978	$	992	$	986	$	1,983	$	943	$	1,040

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* Included in other assets.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives were $19.0 billion as of June 30, 2026 and $18.9 billion as of December 31, 2025, consisting primarily of certain customer relationships, trademarks and trade names. Intangible asset amortization expense in the first six months was $898 million in 2026 and $863 million in 2025.