Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Policies) |
6 Months Ended |
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Jun. 30, 2026 | |
| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements | |
| Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation | Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (“Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”) and these notes (“Notes”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation of such interim results. Unless otherwise indicated, amounts are stated in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for: share, per share, megawatt hours (“MWh”), MW, GW, and miner quantities; bitcoin quantities, prices, and hash rate; cost to mine one bitcoin; and production value of one bitcoin mined. The results in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and these Notes include required estimates and assumptions of management, and they are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2026, or for any future interim period. Further, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and these Notes do not include all the information and notes required by GAAP for a complete presentation of annual financial statements. As such, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and these Notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, and notes thereto included in the 2025 Annual Report. |
| Use of estimates | Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheets, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates. The most significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements include revenue recognition; valuation of the derivatives classified under Level 3 on the fair value hierarchy; determination of the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets; impairment analysis of fixed assets and finite-lived intangibles; impairment analysis of goodwill; allocating the fair value of purchase consideration to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business acquisitions; stock-based compensation; and the valuation allowance associated with the Company’s deferred tax assets. |
| Reclassifications | Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. |
| Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Data Center Revenue The Company generates revenue from its Data Center operations by leasing certain of its property and power access to tenants. Those leases include lease and non-lease components. The Company elected the practical expedient under ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) to combine lease components and non-lease components, including provisioning of power, with the same transfer pattern as lease components. If the lease components are predominant and the underlying leases qualify as operating leases, the combined component is accounted for under ASC 842 as lease revenue. Recognition begins when the asset is available for customer use. The Company classifies its leases as operating, sales-type, or direct financing at lease commencement, which determines the pattern of revenue recognition and the presentation of lease-related activity in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations over the lease term. The Company provides tenant fit-out services, including the procurement and installation of equipment, in accordance with the terms of the respective lease agreements. Tenants are required to reimburse the Company for all costs incurred in the provision of these services. Tenant fit-out services do not have the same transfer pattern as the lease components and are therefore subject to recognition under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Tenant fit-out reimbursement revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method, calculated by dividing the total costs incurred by total costs expected to be incurred, which the Company believes to be the most accurate measure of progress toward the satisfaction of the performance obligation. Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections result in accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities. A receivable is recorded at the invoice amount, net of an allowance for credit losses, in the period in which products or services are provided and when the right to consideration is unconditional. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined that its contracts do not include a significant financing component. The Company assesses collectability based on several factors, including its past transaction history with the customer and the creditworthiness of the customer. Any amounts that were previously recognized as revenue and subsequently determined to be uncollectible are charged to bad debt expense. A contract asset exists when products or provided services have been transferred to customers but payment is conditioned on reasons other than the passage of time, such as upon the satisfaction of additional performance obligations. Revenue is recognized over the contract term, which could potentially give rise to contract assets during certain periods. A contract liability is recognized when the Company has an unconditional right to a payment before it transfers the products or services to customers. |
| Change in Reportable Segments | Change in Reportable Segments As of December 31, 2025, the Company operated in two reportable business segments: Bitcoin Mining and Engineering. As of June 30, 2026, the Company operated in three reportable business segments: Bitcoin Mining, Data Center, and Engineering. During the first quarter of 2026, the Company’s execution of a significant data center lease with AMD resulted in material Data Center revenue and the commencement of discrete financial performance analysis by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). Accordingly, the Company’s data center operations now meet the quantitative and qualitative requirements to be recognized as a separate reportable segment. Prior to 2024, the Company had a legacy Data Center Hosting bitcoin mining segment as a separate operating and reportable segment but has since terminated all contracts with its legacy Data Center Hosting bitcoin mining customers. Beginning in the three months ended March 31, 2024, the CODM ceased analyzing the performance of the Data Center Hosting operations and the Company ceased reporting Data Center Hosting as a separate reportable business segment. Residual activity of the legacy Data Center Hosting bitcoin mining segment is included in Revenue: Other revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has no plans to offer data center hosting bitcoin mining services to new customers. The Company’s new Data Center operating segment is not a recommencing of the legacy Data Center Hosting bitcoin mining operations because the new Data Center operating segment offers different services and has different processes, customer types, and economic characteristics from the legacy Data Center Hosting bitcoin mining segment. See Note 18. Segment Information for further discussion of the Company’s reportable segments. |
| Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements The Company continually assesses new accounting pronouncements to determine their applicability. When it is determined that a new accounting pronouncement affects the Company’s financial reporting, the Company undertakes a study to determine the consequences of such change to its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and ensures that there are proper controls in place to ensure that the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements properly reflect the change. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) (“ASU 2024-03”). ASU 2024-03 requires, in the notes to the annual and interim financial statements, disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. ASU 2024-03 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the updated guidance on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. |