v3.26.1
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Credit Loss [Abstract]  
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures
The level of the ACL on loans represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the expected life of the loans at the balance sheet date. For all loan segments, loan losses are charged against the ACL on loans when management believes the loan balance is uncollectible or in accordance with federal guidelines. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL on loans.
The ACL on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The ACL on loans is comprised of reserves measured on a collective (pool) basis based on a lifetime loss-rate model when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis, generally larger non-accruing commercial loans.
The Company uses the DCF method to estimate expected credit losses for all loan pools. For each of the loan segments, the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery, and loss rates. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical benchmark data.
The Company uses regression analysis of historical internal and peer data to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime loss rates. This analysis also determines how expected loss rates will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. For all loan pools utilizing the DCF method, management utilizes and forecasts national unemployment as a loss driver.
For all DCF models, management has determined that four quarters represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts back to a historical loss rate over four quarters on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the four-quarter forecast period.
The combination of adjustments for credit expectations (default and loss) and timing expectations (prepayment, curtailment, and time to recovery) produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level that represents the sum of expected losses to determine the estimated ACL on loans.
The ACL on loans evaluation also considers various qualitative factors, including changes in policy and/or underwriting standards, actual or expected changes in economic trends and conditions, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio, changes in credit and lending staff/administration, problem loan trends, credit risk concentrations, loan review results, changes in the value of underlying collateral for loans, and changes in the regulatory and business environment.
Certain loans are individually evaluated for estimated credit losses, including those greater than $500 thousand that are classified as substandard or doubtful and are on nonaccrual or that have other unique characteristics differing from the segment. Specific reserves are established when appropriate for such loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows of the loan or the estimated realizable value of the collateral, if any.
Risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:
Residential real estate - Loans in this segment are collateralized by owner-occupied 1-4 family residential real estate, second and vacation homes, 1-4 family investment properties, home equity and second mortgage loans. Repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, could have an effect on the credit quality of this segment.
Construction real estate - Loans in this segment include residential and commercial construction properties, commercial real estate development loans (while in the construction phase of the projects), land and land development loans. Repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower and/or the underlying cash flows generated by the properties being constructed. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates, housing prices, vacancy rates and material costs, could have an effect on the credit quality of this segment.
Commercial real estate - Loans in this segment are primarily properties occupied by businesses or income-producing properties. The underlying cash flows generated by the properties may be adversely impacted by a downturn in the economy as evidenced by a general slowdown in business or increased vacancy rates which, in turn, could have an effect on the credit quality of this segment. Management requests business financial statements at least annually and monitors the cash flows of these loans.
Commercial - Loans in this segment are made to businesses and are generally secured by non-real estate assets of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, and resultant decreased consumer or business spending, could have an effect on the credit quality of this segment.
Consumer - Loans in this segment are made to individuals for personal expenditures, such as automobile purchases, and include unsecured loans. Repayment is primarily dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment, could have an effect on the credit quality of this segment.
Municipal - Loans in this segment are made to municipalities located within the Company's service area. Repayment is primarily dependent on taxes or other funds collected by the municipalities. Management considers there to be minimal risk surrounding the credit quality of this segment.
Changes in the ACL on loans, by loan segment, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 were as follows:
For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2026Balance,
March 31, 2026
Charge-OffsRecoveriesCredit Loss Expense (Benefit)Balance,
June 30, 2026
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate$2,753 $— $$67 $2,824 
Revolving residential real estate256 — — 22 278 
Residential real estate3,009 — 89 3,102 
Commercial construction real estate585 — — 35 620 
Residential construction real estate122 — — (1)121 
Construction real estate707 — — 34 741 
Non-residential commercial real estate3,759 — — 252 4,011 
Multi-family residential real estate261 — — (4)257 
Commercial real estate4,020 — — 248 4,268 
Commercial241 — — 244 
Consumer— — (1)
Municipal91 — — (58)33 
Total$8,071 $— $$315 $8,390 
For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2026Balance,
December 31, 2025
Charge-OffsRecoveriesCredit Loss Expense (Benefit)Balance,
June 30, 2026
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate$2,913 $— $$(96)$2,824 
Revolving residential real estate263 — — 15 278 
Residential real estate3,176 — (81)3,102 
Commercial construction real estate654 — — (34)620 
Residential construction real estate186 — — (65)121 
Construction real estate840 — — (99)741 
Non-residential commercial real estate3,755 — — 256 4,011 
Multi-family residential real estate239 — — 18 257 
Commercial real estate3,994 — — 274 4,268 
Commercial292 — (49)244 
Consumer— — (3)
Municipal100 — — (67)33 
Total$8,407 $— $$(25)$8,390 
For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2025Balance,
March 31, 2025
Charge-OffsRecoveriesCredit Loss Expense (Benefit)Balance,
June 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate$2,866 $— $$35 $2,905 
Revolving residential real estate200 — — 30 230 
Residential real estate3,066 — 65 3,135 
Commercial construction real estate822 — — 197 1,019 
Residential construction real estate196 — — 23 219 
Construction real estate1,018 — — 220 1,238 
Non-residential commercial real estate3,255 — — (55)3,200 
Multi-family residential real estate258 — — — 258 
Commercial real estate3,513 — — (55)3,458 
Commercial427 — — 12 439 
Consumer— (2)
Municipal79 — — (48)31 
Total$8,110 $— $$192 $8,307 
For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2025Balance,
December 31, 2024
Charge-OffsRecoveriesCredit Loss Expense (Benefit)Balance,
June 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate$3,212 $— $$(316)$2,905 
Revolving residential real estate280 — — (50)230 
Residential real estate3,492 — (366)3,135 
Commercial construction real estate651 — — 368 1,019 
Residential construction real estate102 — — 117 219 
Construction real estate753 — — 485 1,238 
Non-residential commercial real estate2,766 — — 434 3,200 
Multi-family residential real estate212 — — 46 258 
Commercial real estate2,978 — — 480 3,458 
Commercial377 — — 62 439 
Consumer(4)
Municipal74 — — (43)31 
Total$7,680 $(4)$10 $621 $8,307 

The Company's ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is recognized as a liability within Accrued interest and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with adjustments to the ACL recognized in Credit loss expense (benefit) in the consolidated statements of income. The activity in the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:
For The Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months Ended June 30,
2026202520262025
ACL on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$1,105 $877 $1,090 $1,071 
Credit loss (benefit) expense (140)29 (125)(165)
Balance at end of period$965 $906 $965 $906 
Risk and collateral ratings are assigned to loans and are subject to ongoing monitoring by lending and credit personnel, with such ratings updated annually or more frequently if warranted. The following is an overview of the Company's loan rating system:

1-3 Rating - Pass
Risk-rating grades "1" through "3" comprise those loans ranging from those with lower than average credit risk, defined as borrowers with high liquidity, excellent financial condition, strong management, favorable industry trends or loans secured by highly liquid assets, through those with marginal credit risk, defined as borrowers that, while creditworthy, exhibit some characteristics requiring special attention by the account officer.

4-4.5 Rating - Satisfactory/Monitor
Borrowers exhibit potential credit weaknesses or downward trends warranting management's attention. While potentially weak, these borrowers are currently marginally acceptable; no loss of principal or interest is envisioned. When warranted, these credits may be monitored on the watch list.

5-7 Rating - Substandard
Borrowers exhibit well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of debt. The loan may be inadequately protected by the net worth and paying capacity of the obligor and/or the underlying collateral is inadequate.

The following table summarizes the Company's loans by year of origination and by loan ratings applied by management to the Company's loans by segment as well as gross charge-offs by year of origination and loan segment as of and for the period ended June 30, 2026:

June 30, 202620262025202420232022PriorRevolvingTotal
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate
Pass$40,368 $50,664 $57,136 $47,069 $85,136 $137,032 $— $417,405 
Satisfactory/Monitor3,225 4,961 5,701 3,890 8,912 10,868 — 37,557 
Substandard— — — — 861 109 — 970 
Total non-revolving residential real estate43,593 55,625 62,837 50,959 94,909 148,009 — 455,932 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Revolving residential real estate
Pass— — — — — — 29,706 29,706 
Satisfactory/Monitor— — — — — — 1,944 1,944 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total revolving residential real estate— — — — — — 31,650 31,650 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Commercial construction real estate
Pass2,517 4,621 5,247 911 1,288 1,578 — 16,162 
Satisfactory/Monitor15,637 7,822 5,440 946 — 769 — 30,614 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial construction real estate18,154 12,443 10,687 1,857 1,288 2,347 — 46,776 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Residential construction real estate
Pass8,122 29,024 7,335 533 347 — — 45,361 
Satisfactory/Monitor42 3,160 359 — — 3,368 — 6,929 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total residential construction real estate8,164 32,184 7,694 533 347 3,368 — 52,290 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
June 30, 202620262025202420232022PriorRevolvingTotal
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-residential commercial real estate
Pass7,633 5,310 4,860 12,963 50,074 91,458 4,728 177,026 
Satisfactory/Monitor4,555 10,837 87,883 12,322 12,036 29,196 15,655 172,484 
Substandard— — — 12,513 — 3,859 309 16,681 
Total non-residential commercial real estate12,188 16,147 92,743 37,798 62,110 124,513 20,692 366,191 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Multi-family residential real estate
Pass5,023 836 1,325 34 3,944 44,817 — 55,979 
Satisfactory/Monitor— 1,943 1,884 5,598 12,448 20,969 — 42,842 
Substandard— — — — — 224 — 224 
Total multi-family residential real estate5,023 2,779 3,209 5,632 16,392 66,010 — 99,045 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Commercial
Pass1,497 2,035 2,589 1,721 1,439 5,089 4,733 19,103 
Satisfactory/Monitor541 829 816 1,460 1,896 4,885 778 11,205 
Substandard— — — — — 185 — 185 
Total commercial2,038 2,864 3,405 3,181 3,335 10,159 5,511 30,493 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Consumer
Pass773 538 514 323 29 181 22 2,380 
Satisfactory/Monitor— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — 
Total consumer773 538 514 323 29 181 22 2,380 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Municipal
Pass4,607 6,141 7,514 8,934 239 3,101 — 30,536 
Satisfactory/Monitor1,528 — — — — — 1,536 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total municipal6,135 6,149 7,514 8,934 239 3,101 — 32,072 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
— — — — — — — — 
Total Loans$96,068 $128,729 $188,603 $109,217 $178,649 $357,688 $57,875 $1,116,829 
Gross charge-offs for the six months ended
$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
The following table summarizes the Company's loans by year of origination and by loan ratings applied by management to the Company's loans by segment as well as gross charge-offs by year of origination and loan segment as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025:
December 31, 202520252024202320222021PriorRevolvingTotal
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate
Pass$52,182 $67,718 $53,671 $90,305 $71,858 $69,511 $— $405,245 
Satisfactory/Monitor5,955 6,865 5,160 9,346 5,114 6,648 — 39,088 
Substandard— — — 629 — 237 — 866 
Total non-revolving residential real estate58,137 74,583 58,831 100,280 76,972 76,396 — 445,199 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — — — — — 
Revolving residential real estate
Pass— — — — — — 27,284 27,284 
Satisfactory/Monitor— — — — — — 1,771 1,771 
Substandard— — — — — — 20 20 
Total revolving residential real estate— — — — — — 29,075 29,075 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — — — — — 
Commercial construction real estate
Pass5,464 6,170 1,265 1,493 1,108 887 — 16,387 
Satisfactory/Monitor3,999 29,181 959 — 739 79 — 34,957 
Substandard— — — — — — 
Total commercial construction real estate9,463 35,351 2,224 1,493 1,847 969 — 51,347 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — — — — — 
Residential construction real estate
Pass32,317 11,714 989 783 — — — 45,803 
Satisfactory/Monitor1,714 1,591 — — 3,357 13 — 6,675 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total residential construction real estate34,031 13,305 989 783 3,357 13 — 52,478 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — — — — — 
Non-residential commercial real estate
Pass8,114 4,897 10,954 51,325 27,871 63,526 4,729 171,416 
Satisfactory/Monitor10,839 60,589 14,690 12,398 15,742 27,512 17,049 158,819 
Substandard— — 12,933 — — 2,732 — 15,665 
Total non-residential commercial real estate18,953 65,486 38,577 63,723 43,613 93,770 21,778 345,900 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — — — — — 
Multi-family residential real estate
Pass846 449 39 4,025 4,709 44,467 — 54,535 
Satisfactory/Monitor2,202 1,763 5,665 12,857 14,801 7,208 — 44,496 
Substandard— — — — — 238 — 238 
Total multi-family residential real estate3,048 2,212 5,704 16,882 19,510 51,913 — 99,269 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — — — — — 
Commercial
Pass2,104 2,115 2,015 1,653 990 4,539 4,879 18,295 
Satisfactory/Monitor885 2,153 1,554 2,093 1,670 3,771 538 12,664 
Substandard— — — — — 200 — 200 
Total commercial2,989 4,268 3,569 3,746 2,660 8,510 5,417 31,159 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended41 — — — — — — 41 
December 31, 202520252024202320222021PriorRevolvingTotal
(Dollars in thousands)
Consumer
Pass1,152 564 434 40 192 24 2,414 
Satisfactory/Monitor— — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total consumer1,152 564 434 40 192 24 2,414 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — 
Municipal
Pass94,572 8,416 9,277 384 311 3,397 — 116,357 
Satisfactory/Monitor1,536 — — — — — — 1,536 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total municipal96,108 8,416 9,277 384 311 3,397 — 117,893 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended— — — — — — — — 
Total Loans$223,881 $204,185 $119,605 $187,331 $148,278 $235,160 $56,294 $1,174,734 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended$41 $$$$— $— $— $47 

A summary of current and past due loans as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:
June 30, 202630-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days and OverTotal Past DueCurrentTotal
(Dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate
Non-revolving residential real estate$109 $540 $815 $1,464 $454,468 $455,932 
Revolving residential real estate100 — — 100 31,550 31,650 
Construction real estate
Commercial construction real estate— — — — 46,776 46,776 
Residential construction real estate— — — — 52,290 52,290 
Commercial real estate
Non-residential commercial real estate4,478 309 — 4,787 361,404 366,191 
Multi-family residential real estate224 — — 224 98,821 99,045 
Commercial192 — 201 30,292 30,493 
Consumer— — — — 2,380 2,380 
Municipal— — — — 32,072 32,072 
Total$5,103 $858 $815 $6,776 $1,110,053 $1,116,829 
December 31, 202530-59 Days60-89 Days90 Days and OverTotal Past DueCurrentTotal
(Dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate
Non-revolving residential real estate$2,984 $479 $867 $4,330 $440,869 $445,199 
Revolving residential real estate10 — — 10 29,065 29,075 
Construction real estate
Commercial construction real estate74 — 77 51,270 51,347 
Residential construction real estate— — — — 52,478 52,478 
Commercial real estate
Non-residential commercial real estate233 — — 233 345,667 345,900 
Multi-family residential real estate— — — — 99,269 99,269 
Commercial— — — — 31,159 31,159 
Consumer— — — — 2,414 2,414 
Municipal— — — — 117,893 117,893 
Total$3,301 $479 $870 $4,650 $1,170,084 $1,174,734 
A summary of nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 follows:
June 30, 2026NonaccrualNonaccrual With No Allowance for Credit Losses90 Days and Over and Accruing
Residential real estate(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate$721 $611 $203 
Commercial real estate
Non-residential commercial real estate14,026 — — 
Multi-family residential real estate224 — — 
Total$14,971 $611 $203 

December 31, 2025NonaccrualNonaccrual With No Allowance for Credit Losses90 Days and Over and Accruing
Residential real estate(Dollars in thousands)
Non-revolving residential real estate$629 $629 $238 
Construction real estate
Commercial construction real estate— — 
Commercial real estate
Non-residential commercial real estate12,933 — — 
Total$13,562 $629 $241 
There were no loans in process of foreclosure at June 30, 2026 or December 31, 2025. Aggregate interest on nonaccrual loans not recognized was $1.2 million as of June 30, 2026 and $791 thousand as of December 31, 2025.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans that are individually evaluated and collateral dependent represent loans that the Company has determined foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loan to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral. For these loans, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan at the measurement date.
The following table presents collateral dependent loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by loan class and collateral type as of the balance sheet dates:
June 30, 2026December 31, 2025
Real EstateReal Estate
(Dollars in thousands)
Residential real estate$612 $629 
Non-residential commercial real estate16,515 15,492 
Total$17,127 $16,121 

Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially by the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment.
Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing interest rate reductions, term extensions, payment deferrals or principal forgiveness. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged off against the ACL on loans. There were no new loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026.
The following tables summarize loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025:
Payment Delay
Three Months Ended June 30, 2025Six Months Ended
June 30, 2025
Amortized Cost Basis% of Loan ClassAmortized Cost Basis% of Loan ClassFinancial Effect
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial construction real estate$12,480 21.75 %$12,480 21.75 %
Modification extended loan draw period 6 months, extended interest only payments by 12 months and extended maturity date by 18 months.

As of June 30, 2026, there were no loans modified in the previous twelve months. The following table presents the performance of loans as of December 31, 2025 that had been modified in the previous twelve months:
December 31, 2025CurrentPast Due
30-89 Days
Past Due 90 Days and Over
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-residential commercial real estate$12,933 $— $— 
Total$12,933 $— $— 

There were no loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified within the previous twelve months that had subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025. Loans are considered defaulted at 90 days past due.

At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company was not committed to lend any additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which the Company modified the terms of the loans in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension.