Loans and Lease Finance Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses |
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| Loans and Lease Finance Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses | 6. LOANS AND LEASE FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The following table provides a summary of total loans and lease finance receivables by type.
As of June 30, 2026, 77.6% of the Company’s total loan portfolio consisted of real estate loans, with commercial real estate loans representing 74.8% of total loans. The Company’s real estate loans and construction loans are secured by real properties primarily located in California. As of June 30, 2026, $418.3 million, or 4.7% of the total commercial real estate loans included loans secured by farmland, compared to $424.5 million, or 6.46%, at December 31, 2025. The loans secured by farmland included $124.4 million for loans secured by dairy & livestock land and $293.8 million for loans secured by agricultural land at June 30, 2026, compared to $119.0 million for loans secured by dairy & livestock land and $305.5 million for loans secured by agricultural land at December 31, 2025. As of June 30, 2026, dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans of $281.0 million were comprised of $239.1 million of dairy & livestock loans and $41.9 million of agribusiness loans, compared to $431.6 million comprised of $386.1 million of dairy & livestock loans and $45.5 million of agribusiness loans at December 31, 2025.
In connection with the acquisition of Heritage, the Company’s factoring receivables are from the operations of BVF, the Bank's subsidiary, whose primary business is purchasing and collecting factored receivables on a nation-wide basis. Factored receivables are receivables that have been transferred by the originating organization and typically have not been subject to previous collection efforts. These receivables are acquired from a variety of companies, including but not limited to service providers, transportation companies, manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, apparel companies, advertisers, and temporary staffing companies. As of June 30, 2026, the portfolio of factored receivables totaled $106.8 million and is included in the Company’s commercial loan portfolio.
At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, loans totaling $7.56 billion and $6.47 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure available lines of credit from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank.
There were no outstanding loans held-for-sale as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Credit Quality Indicators
We monitor credit quality by evaluating various risk attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses. Internal credit risk ratings, within our loan risk rating system, are the credit quality indicators that we most closely monitor.
An important element of our approach to credit risk management is our loan risk rating system. The originating officer assigns each loan an initial risk rating, which is reviewed and confirmed or changed, as appropriate, by credit management. Approvals are made based upon the amount of inherent credit risk specific to the transaction and are reviewed for appropriateness by senior line and credit management personnel. Credits are monitored by line and credit management personnel for deterioration or improvement in a borrower’s financial condition, which would impact the ability of the borrower to perform under the contract. Risk ratings are adjusted as necessary.
Loans are risk rated into the following categories: Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss. Each of these groups is assessed for the proper amount to be used in determining the adequacy of our allowance for losses. These categories can be described as follows:
Pass — These loans, including loans on the Bank’s internal watch list, range from minimal credit risk to lower than average, but still acceptable, credit risk. Watch list loans usually require more than normal management attention. Loans on the watch list may involve borrowers with adverse financial trends, higher debt/equity ratios, or weaker liquidity positions, but not to the degree of being considered a defined weakness or problem loan where risk of loss may be apparent.
Special Mention — Loans assigned to this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
Substandard — Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current financial strength and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful — Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or the liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loss — Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset with insignificant value even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
The following tables summarize loans by type and origination year, according to our internal risk ratings as of the dates presented.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)
The Company's allowance models calculate reserves over the average life of the loan, which includes the remaining time to maturity, adjusted for estimated prepayments applied as an adjustment to our commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Our allowance for credit losses is based upon lifetime loss rate models developed from an estimation framework that uses historical lifetime loss experiences to derive loss rates at a collective pool level. We measure the expected credit losses on a collective (pooled) basis for those loans that share similar risk characteristics. We have three collective loan pools: Commercial Real Estate, Commercial and Industrial, and Consumer. A majority of the ACL relates to loans within the Commercial Real Estate and Commercial and Industrial methodologies, each evaluated on a collective basis. Our ACL amounts are largely driven by portfolio characteristics, including loss history, internal risk grading, various risk attributes, and the economic outlook for certain macroeconomic variables. Risk attributes for commercial real estate loans include original loan to value ratios, origination year, loan seasoning, and macroeconomic variables that include Real GDP growth, commercial real estate price index and unemployment rate. Risk attributes for commercial and industrial loans include internal risk ratings, borrower industry sector, loan credit spreads and macroeconomic variables that include unemployment rate and BBB spread. The macroeconomic variables for Consumer include unemployment rate and GDP. The Commercial Real Estate methodology is applied over commercial real estate loans, a portion of construction loans, and a portion of SBA loans. The Commercial and Industrial methodology is applied over a substantial portion of the Company’s commercial and industrial loans, all dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans, municipal lease receivables, as well as the remaining portion of SBA loans. The Consumer methodology is applied to SFR mortgage loans, consumer loans, as well as the remaining construction loans. In addition to determining the quantitative life of loan loss rate to be applied against the amortized cost basis of the portfolio segments, management reviews current conditions and forecasts to determine whether adjustments are needed to ensure that the life of loan loss rates reflect both the current state of the portfolio, and expectations for macroeconomic changes. The Company’s ACL estimate incorporates a reasonable and supportable forecast of various macroeconomic variables over the remaining average life of our loans. This forecast incorporates an assumption that each macroeconomic variable will revert to a long-term expectation, starting in years two through three, of the reasonable and supportable forecast period, with the reversion largely completed within the first five years of the forecast. The economic forecast is based on probability weighted scenarios to address macroeconomic uncertainty. Our methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance is reviewed on a regular basis and considers overall risks in the Bank’s loan portfolio. Refer to Note 3 – Summary of significant Accounting Policies included in the 2025 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion concerning the allowance for credit losses.
The ACL totaled $126.7 million at June 30, 2026, compared to $77.2 million at December 31, 2025. The $49.5 million increase in the ACL from December 31, 2025 to June 30, 2026 was primarily driven by the ACL recorded for loans acquired in the Heritage acquisition. At June 30, 2026, the ACL as a percentage of total loans and leases, at amortized cost, was 1.05%, compared to 0.89% at December 31, 2025. Our economic forecast continues to be a blend of multiple forecasts produced by Moody’s. These U.S. economic forecasts include a baseline forecast as well as multiple forecasts weighted for both upside and downside risks to the baseline forecast. The baseline forecast continues to represent the largest weighting in our multi-weighted forecast scenario, with upside and downside risks weighted among multiple forecasts. As of June 30, 2026, the resulting weighted forecast reflects Real GDP growth declining throughout 2026 and staying below 2% through 2027. The unemployment rate is forecasted to increase, with unemployment rate reaching 5% by the beginning of 2027 and remaining above 5% through 2028. Commercial real estate values are forecasted to continue their decline through the end of 2027, before experiencing growth in 2028.
Management believes that the ACL was appropriate at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Due to inflationary pressures, changing interest rates, lower commercial real estate values, international tariffs, and geopolitical events, no assurance can be given that economic conditions that adversely affect the Company’s service areas or other circumstances will not be reflected in increased provisions for credit losses in the future. The following tables present the balance and activity related to the allowance for credit losses for held-for-investment loans by type for the periods presented.
We seek to manage asset quality and control credit risk through diversification of the loan portfolio and the application of policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. The Bank’s Credit Management Division is responsible for monitoring asset quality, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures across the Bank. Reviews of nonperforming, past due loans and larger credits, designed to identify potential charges to the allowance for credit losses, are conducted on a regular and ongoing basis. These reviews consider such factors as the financial strength of borrowers and any guarantors, the value of the applicable collateral, loan loss experience, estimated credit losses, growth in the loan portfolio, prevailing economic conditions and other factors. Refer to Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in the 2025 Form 10-K, for additional discussion concerning the Bank’s policy for past due and nonperforming loans.
The following table presents the recorded investment in, and the aging of, past due loans (including nonaccrual loans), by type of loans as of the dates presented.
(1) Speculative construction loans are generally for properties where there is no identified buyer or renter.
It is the Company's policy to discontinue accruing interest when principal or interest payments are 90 days or more past due, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection, or when full collection of principal and interest is not expected. The following table presents nonaccrual loans, including loans with no related allowance for credit losses, by loan type as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
(1) As of June 30, 2026, $6.7 million of nonaccruing loans were current, $670,000 were 30-59 days past due, $1.4 million were 60-89 days past due, and $7.8 million were 90+ days past due. (2) Speculative construction loans are generally for properties where there is no identified buyer or renter. (3) Excludes $3,000 of guaranteed portion of nonaccrual SBA loans that are in process of collection.
(1) Excludes $3,000 of guaranteed portion of nonaccrual SBA loans that are in process of collection. As of December 31, 2025, $4.7 million were 90+ days past due. Collateral Dependent Loans
A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The following table presents the recorded investment in collateral-dependent loans by type of loans as of the dates presented.
Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments
The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure relates to unfunded loan commitments, letters of credit, and undisbursed funds on lines of credit and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with the related expense in other noninterest expense. The Company estimates expected credit losses associated with off-balance-sheet credit exposures using a methodology consistent with that used for the loan portfolio. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $13.0 million and $8.3 million, respectively. The increase was primarily attributable to the initial reserve established for the unfunded commitments acquired in the Heritage acquisition though the provision for unfunded loan commitments. The provision for unfunded loan commitments was $4.3 million and $4.8 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to no provision and a $500,000 provision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. Modifications of Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
There were two loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three months ended June 30, 2026 with an amortized cost totaling $2.7 million as of June 30, 2026, including one commercial real estate loan for $1.7 million and one dairy & livestock loan for $1.0 million.
The tables below reflect the amortized cost of loans by type made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 by loan class and modification type.
The tables below reflect the amortized cost of loans by type made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified as of June 30, 2025 by loan class and modification type.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, there was no modified loans that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the modification date. Payment default is defined as movement to nonaccrual (nonperforming) status, foreclosure or charge-off, whichever occurs first.
The following table presents the recorded investment in, and the aging of, past due loans at amortized cost (including nonaccrual loans), by type of loans, made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as of June 30, 2026 and June 30, 2025.
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