2. Securities

The following tables set forth the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of debt securities classified as available for sale and held to maturity at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Amortized cost of securities does not include accrued interest which is reflected in the accrued interest line item on the consolidated balance sheets totaling $31.9 million at June 30, 2026 and $31.7 million at December 31, 2025, respectively.

The following tables present the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale and held to maturity at June 30, 2026 by contractual maturity. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because of rights to call or repay obligations with or without penalties and scheduled and unscheduled principal payments on mortgage-backed securities and collateral mortgage obligations.

The Company held no securities classified as trading at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

In January 2026, the Company completed a restructuring of its available for sale investment securities portfolio, whereby lower-yielding securities with an amortized cost of $1.5 billion were sold and the proceeds were reinvested in higher-yielding securities. Certain securities that were sold were previously hedged in derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges of interest rate risk that were subsequently terminated. At the time of termination, the value of the swap was recorded as basis adjustment to the amortized cost of the underlying security. The basis adjustment is amortized as yield adjustment while the security is held, and affects the net gain or loss realized by the remaining unamortized basis adjustment when sold. The unamortized basis adjustment recognized in connection with this portfolio restructure reduced the net loss by approximately $50.4 million, resulting in a net realized loss of $98.6 million. Refer to Note 6 – Derivatives for a discussion of fair value hedges of interest rate risk.

Securities with carrying values totaling approximately $3.3 billion and $3.9 billion were pledged as collateral at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, primarily to secure public deposits or securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

Credit Quality

The Company’s policy is to invest only in securities of investment grade quality. These investments are largely limited to U.S. agency securities and municipal securities. Management has concluded, based on the long history of no credit losses, that the expectation of nonpayment of the held to maturity securities carried at amortized cost is zero for securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. As such, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. The municipal portfolio is analyzed separately for allowance for credit loss in accordance with the applicable guidance for each portfolio as noted below.

The Company evaluates credit impairment for individual securities available for sale whose fair value is below amortized cost with a more than inconsequential risk of default and where the Company has assessed whether the decline in fair value is significant enough to suggest a credit event has occurred. The Company did not identified any securities with a material credit loss event and, therefore, no allowance for credit loss was recorded in any period presented.

At each reporting period, the Company evaluated its held to maturity municipal obligation portfolio for credit loss using probability of default and loss given default models. The models were run using a long-term average probability of default migration and with a probability weighting of Moody’s economic forecasts. The resulting credit losses, if any, were negligible and no allowance for credit loss was recorded.

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had 588 and 604 securities, respectively, with market values below their cost basis. There were no material unrealized losses related to the marketability of the securities or the issuer’s ability to meet contractual obligations. In all cases, the indicated impairment on these debt securities would be recovered no later than the security’s maturity date or possibly earlier if the market price for the security increases with a reduction in the yield required by the market. The unrealized losses were deemed to be non-credit related at June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025. At June 30, 2026, the Company had adequate liquidity and, therefore, neither planned nor expected to be required to liquidate these securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis.