Note 11 -- Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

The Company accrues for losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) in the period in which the underlying loss event occurred. LAE are costs associated with the investigation, evaluation, adjustment, and settlement of insurance claims and can be either allocated, costs directly attributable to a specific claim, or unallocated, costs that cannot be directly attributed to a specific claim. Reserves for losses and LAE are determined by establishing liabilities in amounts estimated to cover incurred losses and LAE. Such reserves are determined based on the assessment of claims reported and the development of pending claims. These reserves are based on individual case estimates for reported losses and LAE and estimates of amounts incurred but not reported.

The estimates of unpaid losses and LAE are subject to trends in claim severity and frequency and are continually reviewed. As part of the process, the Company reviews historical data and considers various factors, including known and anticipated regulatory and legal developments, changes in social attitudes, inflation, and economic conditions. As experience develops and other data becomes available, these estimates are revised, as required, resulting in increases or decreases to the existing unpaid losses and LAE. Adjustments are reflected in the results of operations in the period in which they are made and the liabilities may deviate substantially from prior estimates. Losses and LAE ceded to or recovered from reinsurers are recorded as a reduction to losses and LAE on the consolidated statements of income. Accordingly, losses and LAE in the consolidated statements of income are net of reinsurance.

Incurred losses and LAE increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 primarily due to a higher volume of policies in force. There were no losses from catastrophic events during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.