Our identifiable intangible assets primarily consist of acquired permits and leasehold agreements, and franchise agreements, which grant us the right to operate out-of-home structures in specified locations and the right to provide advertising space on railroad and municipal transit properties. Identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life, which is the respective life of the agreement that in some cases includes historical experience of renewals.


(in millions)	Gross		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Net
As of June 30, 2026:
Permits and leasehold agreements	$	1,552.6	$	(1,009.0)	$	—	$	543.6
Franchise agreements(a)	869.6		(333.3)		(485.8)		50.5
Other intangible assets	18.1		(13.7)		—		4.4
Total intangible assets	$	2,440.3	$	(1,356.0)	$	(485.8)	$	598.5

As of December 31, 2025:
Permits and leasehold agreements	$	1,538.1	$	(983.8)	$	—	$	554.3
Franchise agreements(a)	909.0		(371.7)		(485.8)		51.5
Other intangible assets	18.2		(12.0)		—		6.2
Total intangible assets	$	2,465.3	$	(1,367.5)	$	(485.8)	$	612.0

(a)We reclassified all Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs and recorded impairments in the first and second quarters of 2024, due to the long-term outlook of our Transit reporting unit.

In the six months ended June 30, 2026, we acquired 21 displays, resulting in amortizable intangible assets for permits and leasehold agreements of $16.7 million, which are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, an average period of 15.9 years.

All of our intangible assets, except goodwill, are subject to amortization. Amortization expense was $17.0 million in the three months ended June 30, 2026, $17.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, $34.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2026, and $34.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025.