The tables below show the breakdown of the operating expenses by category:


	For the three months ended June 30,
	Research and development expenses				General and administrative expenses				Total operating expenses
	2026		2025		2026		2025		2026		2025
Personnel expenses		6,277		4,834		5,583		3,730		11,860		8,564
Payroll and related expenses		3,051		2,319		2,166		1,705		5,217		4,024
Share-based compensation		3,226		2,515		3,417		2,025		6,643		4,540
Other operating expenses		9,006		10,075		3,012		2,390		12,018		12,465
External service providers		8,302		9,756		1,966		1,701		10,268		11,457
Other operating expenses		599		238		973		657		1,572		895
Depreciation expense		105		81		73		32		178		113
Total operating expenses		15,283		14,909		8,595		6,120		23,878		21,029


	For the six months ended June 30,
	Research and development expenses		General and administrative expenses		Total operating expenses
	2026	2025	2026	2025	2026	2025
Personnel expenses	11,656	9,182	10,235	6,587	21,891	15,769
Payroll and related expenses	5,757	4,766	4,490	3,833	10,247	8,599
Share-based compensation expense	5,899	4,416	5,745	2,754	11,644	7,170
Other operating expenses	17,673	20,498	6,251	5,021	23,924	25,519
External service providers	16,444	19,943	4,496	3,768	20,940	23,711
Other operating expenses	1,034	398	1,618	1,174	2,652	1,572
Depreciation expense	195	157	137	79	332	236
Total operating expenses	29,329	29,680	16,486	11,608	45,815	41,288

Total operating expenses increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the prior year periods. The increase for the three months ended June 30, 2026 was primarily driven by a CHF 2.5 million increase in general and administrative expense. The increase for the six months ended June 30, 2026 was driven by a CHF 4.9 million increase in general and administrative expenses, partially offset by a CHF 0.4 million decrease in research and development expenses. The increases in general and administrative costs were primarily driven by personnel costs, specifically share-based compensation expense due to increased headcount and increased grant value for awards granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 as compared to the same periods in the prior year. The year-to-date decrease in research and development expense was primarily due to a decrease in external service provider expense as OCS-01 DIAMOND-1 and DIAMOND-2 trials in diabetic macular edema were completed, for which the Company announced topline results in May 2026.