<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!--XBRL document created with Toppan Merrill Bridge  11.4.0.1 -->
<!--Based on XBRL 2.1-->
<!--Created on: 8/6/2026 11:33:39 AM-->
<!--Modified on: 8/6/2026 11:33:39 AM-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#StatementCondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfIncome" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfIncome" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncome" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncome" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureBusinessSegmentInformationSegmentOperatingPerformanceDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureBusinessSegmentInformationSegmentOperatingPerformanceDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureAccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetComponentsOfAccountsAndOtherReceivablesDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureAccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetComponentsOfAccountsAndOtherReceivablesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureInventoriesNetDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureInventoriesNetDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureOtherNoncurrentAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureOtherNoncurrentAssetsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureLongTermDebtDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureLongTermDebtDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureOtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesOtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/role/DisclosureOtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesOtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureDefinedBenefitPensionPlansComponentsOfNetPeriodicDefinedBenefitPensionBenefitCostDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureDefinedBenefitPensionPlansComponentsOfNetPeriodicDefinedBenefitPensionBenefitCostDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureOtherIncomeNetScheduleOfComponentsOfOtherIncomeDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureOtherIncomeNetScheduleOfComponentsOfOtherIncomeDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureIncomeTaxesProvisionForIncomeTaxesDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxesProvisionForIncomeTaxesDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesChangesInAccruedEnvironmentalRemediationAndRelatedCostsDetails" roleURI="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesChangesInAccruedEnvironmentalRemediationAndRelatedCostsDetails" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="https://www.xbrl.org/2023/calculation-1.1.xsd#summation-item" />
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheets" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00100 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Assets" xlink:label="us-gaap_Assets" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesCurrent_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryNet_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_PrepaidExpenseAndOtherAssetsCurrent_639216128173432711" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_MarketableSecuritiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Goodwill" xlink:label="us-gaap_Goodwill_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_Goodwill_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxAssetsNet_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_NotesAndLoansReceivableNetNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_AssetsNoncurrentExcludingPropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_Assets" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_Land" xlink:label="us-gaap_Land_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_Land_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_BuildingsAndImprovementsGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_BuildingsAndImprovementsGross_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_BuildingsAndImprovementsGross_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_MachineryAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_MiningProperties" xlink:label="vhi_MiningProperties_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" xlink:to="vhi_MiningProperties_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross" xlink:label="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentGross_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_ConstructionInProgressGross_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedDepreciationDepletionAndAmortizationPropertyPlantAndEquipment_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsCurrent_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedIncomeTaxesCurrent_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligations" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligations_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligations_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_DeferredIncomeTaxLiabilities_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPensionPlanLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_StockholdersEquity" xlink:label="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PreferredStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_PreferredStockValue_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommonStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommonStockValue_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital" xlink:label="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_AdditionalPaidInCapital_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_RetainedEarningsAccumulatedDeficit_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue" xlink:label="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquity_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_TreasuryStockValue_639216128173432711" order="6" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_MinorityInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_StockholdersEquityIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_MinorityInterest_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LiabilitiesAndStockholdersEquity" xlink:to="us-gaap_CommitmentsAndContingencies_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfIncome" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00200 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetIncomeLoss_1" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_SellingGeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_OtherComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionAndOpebExpenseCredit" xlink:label="vhi_OtherComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionAndOpebExpenseCredit_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_639216128173432711" xlink:to="vhi_OtherComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionAndOpebExpenseCredit_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CostsAndExpenses_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpenseNonoperating_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_RevenuesAndOtherIncomeNet" xlink:label="vhi_RevenuesAndOtherIncomeNet_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" xlink:to="vhi_RevenuesAndOtherIncomeNet_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_RevenuesAndOtherIncomeNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncome_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_RevenuesAndOtherIncomeNet_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherIncome_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveIncome" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00300 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTransactionAndTranslationAdjustmentNetOfTax_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeDefinedBenefitPlansAdjustmentNetOfTaxPortionAttributableToParent_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossOtherAfterTaxAndReclassificationAdjustmentAttributableToParentTotal" xlink:label="vhi_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossOtherAfterTaxAndReclassificationAdjustmentAttributableToParentTotal_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetOfTax_639216128173432711" xlink:to="vhi_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossOtherAfterTaxAndReclassificationAdjustmentAttributableToParentTotal_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTax" xlink:to="us-gaap_ComprehensiveIncomeNetOfTaxAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="00500 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:label="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermDebt_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromLinesOfCredit_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermLinesOfCredit" xlink:label="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermLinesOfCredit_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_RepaymentsOfLongTermLinesOfCredit_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsMinorityInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsMinorityInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInFinancingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsOfDividendsMinorityInterest_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_PaymentsToAcquireMarketableSecurities_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfBuildings" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfBuildings_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleOfBuildings_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInInvestingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProceedsFromSaleAndMaturityOfMarketableSecurities_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities" xlink:label="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_CashCashEquivalentsRestrictedCashAndRestrictedCashEquivalentsPeriodIncreaseDecreaseExcludingExchangeRateEffect" xlink:to="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsAndOtherReceivables_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInInventories_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_IncreaseDecreaseInRealEstateDevelopmentProperty" xlink:label="vhi_IncreaseDecreaseInRealEstateDevelopmentProperty_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="vhi_IncreaseDecreaseInRealEstateDevelopmentProperty_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilities_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EnvironmentalExpenseAndLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_EnvironmentalExpenseAndLiabilities_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_EnvironmentalExpenseAndLiabilities_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedIncomeTaxesPayable_639216128173432711" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseDueFromAffiliates" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseDueFromAffiliates_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseDueFromAffiliates_639216128173432711" order="7" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_639216128173432711" order="8" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAssetAmortizationExpense_639216128173432711" order="9" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncreaseDecreaseInOtherOperatingCapitalNet_639216128173432711" order="10" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNoncashIncomeExpense_639216128173432711" order="11" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitExcludingTaxContingencies" xlink:label="vhi_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitExcludingTaxContingencies_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="vhi_DeferredIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitExcludingTaxContingencies_639216128173432711" order="12" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostGreaterLessThanFunding" xlink:label="vhi_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostGreaterLessThanFunding_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="vhi_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCostGreaterLessThanFunding_639216128173432711" order="13" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization" xlink:label="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_DepreciationAndAmortization_639216128173432711" order="14" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ProfitLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities_639216128173432711" xlink:to="us-gaap_ProfitLoss_639216128173432711" order="15" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureBusinessSegmentInformationSegmentOperatingPerformanceDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40203 - Disclosure - Business segment information - Segment Operating Performance (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:label="us-gaap_GrossProfit" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTax_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold" xlink:label="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_GrossProfit" xlink:to="us-gaap_CostOfGoodsAndServicesSold_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingIncomeLoss_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest" xlink:label="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_InvestmentIncomeInterest_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_ChangesInMarketValueOfCommonStockHeldBySubsidiaries" xlink:label="vhi_ChangesInMarketValueOfCommonStockHeldBySubsidiaries_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="vhi_ChangesInMarketValueOfCommonStockHeldBySubsidiaries_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_OtherComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionAndOpebExpenseCredit" xlink:label="vhi_OtherComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionAndOpebExpenseCredit_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="vhi_OtherComponentsOfNetPeriodicPensionAndOpebExpenseCredit_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_GeneralAndAdministrativeExpense_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestExpense_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsBeforeIncomeTaxesExtraordinaryItemsNoncontrollingInterest" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestExpense_639216128173432711" order="6" use="optional" weight="-1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureAccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetComponentsOfAccountsAndOtherReceivablesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40301 - Disclosure - Accounts and other receivables, net - Components of Accounts and Other Receivables (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccountsReceivableGrossCurrent_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivablesGrossCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesGrossCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivablesGrossCurrent_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReceivable_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsAndOtherReceivablesNetCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AllowanceForDoubtfulAccountsReceivableCurrent_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureInventoriesNetDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40401 - Disclosure - Inventories, net (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryNet" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsNetOfReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryRawMaterialsNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcessNetOfReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcessNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryWorkInProcessNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoodsNetOfReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoodsNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventoryFinishedGoodsNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InventorySuppliesNetOfReserves" xlink:label="us-gaap_InventorySuppliesNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_InventoryNet" xlink:to="us-gaap_InventorySuppliesNetOfReserves_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureOtherNoncurrentAssetsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40601 - Disclosure - Other noncurrent assets (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseRightOfUseAsset_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssetsForPlanBenefitsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssetsForPlanBenefitsNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAssetsForPlanBenefitsNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_RestrictedCashAndCashEquivalentsNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherReceivableAfterAllowanceForCreditLossNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ReinsuranceReceivablesIncurredButNotReportedClaims" xlink:label="us-gaap_ReinsuranceReceivablesIncurredButNotReportedClaims_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ReinsuranceReceivablesIncurredButNotReportedClaims_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherAssetsNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherAssetsMiscellaneousNoncurrent_639216128173432711" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureLongTermDebtDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40701 - Disclosure - Long-term debt (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsIncludingCurrentMaturities" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsIncludingCurrentMaturities" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsIncludingCurrentMaturities" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsCurrent_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligations" xlink:label="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligations_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligationsIncludingCurrentMaturities" xlink:to="us-gaap_LongTermDebtAndCapitalLeaseObligations_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesScheduleOfAccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40801 - Disclosure - Accounts payable and accrued liabilities - Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173432711" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityCurrent_639216128173432711" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_AccruedDevelopmentCostsCurrent" xlink:label="vhi_AccruedDevelopmentCostsCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="vhi_AccruedDevelopmentCostsCurrent_639216128173432711" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_AccruedSalesDiscountsAndRebates" xlink:label="vhi_AccruedSalesDiscountsAndRebates_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="vhi_AccruedSalesDiscountsAndRebates_639216128173432711" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestPayableCurrent_639216128173432711" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_639216128173432711" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityCurrent_639216128173432711" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_SupplementalUnemploymentBenefitsSeveranceBenefits" xlink:label="us-gaap_SupplementalUnemploymentBenefitsSeveranceBenefits_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_SupplementalUnemploymentBenefitsSeveranceBenefits_639216128173589685" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesCurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesCurrent_639216128173589685" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesCurrent_639216128173589685" order="9" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccountsPayableAndAccruedLiabilitiesCurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherLiabilities_639216128173589685" order="10" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/role/DisclosureOtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesOtherNoncurrentLiabilitiesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="40901 - Disclosure - Other noncurrent liabilities - Other noncurrent liabilities (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_AccruedDevelopmentCostsNoncurrent" xlink:label="vhi_AccruedDevelopmentCostsNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="vhi_AccruedDevelopmentCostsNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OperatingLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_LiabilityForClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_LiabilityForClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentExpense_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_LiabilityForClaimsAndClaimsAdjustmentExpense_639216128173589685" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AssetRetirementObligationsNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AssetRetirementObligationsNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_AssetRetirementObligationsNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitsPayableNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitsPayableNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherPostretirementBenefitsPayableNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits" xlink:label="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_UnrecognizedTaxBenefits_639216128173589685" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="vhi_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="vhi_EmployeeRelatedLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherLiabilitiesNoncurrent" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherSundryLiabilitiesNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="9" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureDefinedBenefitPensionPlansComponentsOfNetPeriodicDefinedBenefitPensionBenefitCostDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41101 - Disclosure - Defined benefit pension plans - Components of Net Periodic Defined Benefit Pension Benefit Cost (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanServiceCost_639216128173589685" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanInterestCost_639216128173589685" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanExpectedReturnOnPlanAssets_639216128173589685" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses" xlink:label="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanNetPeriodicBenefitCost" xlink:to="us-gaap_DefinedBenefitPlanAmortizationOfGainsLosses_639216128173589685" order="4" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureOtherIncomeNetScheduleOfComponentsOfOtherIncomeDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41201 - Disclosure - Other income, net - Schedule of Components of Other Income (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherIncome" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_SecuritiesEarnings" xlink:label="vhi_SecuritiesEarnings_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:to="vhi_SecuritiesEarnings_639216128173589685" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_InterestAndDividendIncomeSecurities" xlink:label="us-gaap_InterestAndDividendIncomeSecurities_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_SecuritiesEarnings_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_InterestAndDividendIncomeSecurities_639216128173589685" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_DebtAndEquitySecuritiesGainLoss" xlink:label="us-gaap_DebtAndEquitySecuritiesGainLoss_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_SecuritiesEarnings_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_DebtAndEquitySecuritiesGainLoss_639216128173589685" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_ForeignCurrencyTransactionGainLossBeforeTax_639216128173589685" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment" xlink:label="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_GainLossOnSaleOfPropertyPlantEquipment_639216128173589685" order="3" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_InfrastructureDevelopmentCostReimbursed" xlink:label="vhi_InfrastructureDevelopmentCostReimbursed_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:to="vhi_InfrastructureDevelopmentCostReimbursed_639216128173589685" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_OtherIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense_639216128173589685" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/role/DisclosureIncomeTaxesProvisionForIncomeTaxesDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41301 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAllocableToComprehensiveIncome" xlink:label="vhi_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAllocableToComprehensiveIncome" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAllocableToComprehensiveIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAtFederalStatutoryIncomeTaxRate_639216128173589685" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationChangeInDeferredTaxAssetsValuationAllowance_639216128173589685" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationEquityInEarningsLossesOfUnconsolidatedSubsidiary" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationEquityInEarningsLossesOfUnconsolidatedSubsidiary_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationEquityInEarningsLossesOfUnconsolidatedSubsidiary_639216128173589685" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxContingencies_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationTaxContingencies_639216128173589685" order="4" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationGiltiAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationGiltiAmount_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationGiltiAmount_639216128173589685" order="5" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationCrossBorderOtherAmount" xlink:label="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationCrossBorderOtherAmount_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationCrossBorderOtherAmount_639216128173589685" order="6" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="vhl-20260630.xsd#vhi_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationIncrementalTaxImpactOnEquityInvestmentAmount" xlink:label="vhi_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationIncrementalTaxImpactOnEquityInvestmentAmount_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="vhi_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationIncrementalTaxImpactOnEquityInvestmentAmount_639216128173589685" order="7" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationStateAndLocalIncomeTaxes_639216128173589685" order="8" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments" xlink:label="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit_639216128173589685" xlink:to="us-gaap_IncomeTaxReconciliationOtherAdjustments_639216128173589685" order="9" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTax_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAllocableToComprehensiveIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossForeignCurrencyTranslationAdjustmentTax_639216128173589685" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" priority="2" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansTax" xlink:label="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansTax_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="vhi_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAllocableToComprehensiveIncome" xlink:to="us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansTax_639216128173589685" order="3" use="optional" weight="-1" priority="2" />
  </calculationLink>
  <calculationLink xlink:role="http://www.valhi.net/20210930/taxonomy/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesChangesInAccruedEnvironmentalRemediationAndRelatedCostsDetails" xlink:type="extended" xlink:title="41601 - Disclosure - Commitments and contingencies - Changes in Accrued Environmental Remediation and Related Costs (Details)" xmlns="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccrualForEnvironmentalLossContingencies" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccrualForEnvironmentalLossContingencies" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesCurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesCurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccrualForEnvironmentalLossContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesCurrent_639216128173589685" order="1" use="optional" weight="1" />
    <loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd#us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesNoncurrent" xlink:label="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesNoncurrent_639216128173589685" />
    <calculationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="https://xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item" xlink:from="us-gaap_AccrualForEnvironmentalLossContingencies" xlink:to="us-gaap_AccruedEnvironmentalLossContingenciesNoncurrent_639216128173589685" order="2" use="optional" weight="1" />
  </calculationLink>
</link:linkbase>
