v3.26.1
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
12 Months Ended
May 31, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
RECLASSIFICATION
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
BACKGROUND. FedEx Freight Holding Company, Inc. (“FedEx Freight,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our”) was incorporated in Delaware on July 14, 2025, for the purpose of receiving, pursuant to a reorganization, all of the outstanding equity interests of FedEx Freight, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of FedEx Corporation (the “Parent” or “FedEx”). On June 1, 2026 (the “Distribution Date”), FedEx completed the previously announced spin-off of FedEx Freight (the “Spin-Off” or the “Separation”), which was tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Separation was completed through the distribution of approximately 80.1% of the Company’s outstanding common stock to holders of record of FedEx common stock as of the close of business on May 15, 2026 (the “Distribution”), which resulted in the issuance of approximately 150 million shares of common stock inclusive of FedEx’s retained stake. Prior to the Distribution, the Company issued 100 shares of common stock in exchange for a subscription receivable of $10, all of which were held by FedEx and subsequently reclassified and converted into 149,505,248 shares of common stock as described below. As a result of the Distribution, the Company became an independent, publicly traded company. Our common stock is listed under the symbol "FDXF" on the New York Stock Exchange.
Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “FedEx Freight,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our” refer to (i) FedEx Freight Holding Company, Inc. and its direct and indirect subsidiaries after giving effect to the reorganization completed on May 29, 2026 in preparation for the Spin-Off and (ii) FedEx Freight, Inc. when referencing the time period prior to the reorganization.
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS. FedEx Freight is a leading North American provider of less-than-truckload (“LTL”) freight transportation services. We offer a range of services designed to meet the diverse needs of LTL shippers including time-critical transportation needs leveraging our advanced tracking capabilities and a comprehensive network of service centers and hubs that facilitate efficient delivery and pickup. FedEx Freight service offerings include priority services when speed is critical and economy services when time can be traded for savings. FedEx Freight is our sole reportable segment based upon the information used by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in evaluating the performance of our business and allocating resources and capital.
FedEx Freight, Inc. was created through several acquisitions by FedEx, including Viking Freight, Inc. in January 1998, American Freightways, Inc. in February 2001, and Watkins Motor Lines in May 2006. In April 2002, American Freightways, Inc. was renamed FedEx Freight East, Inc. and Viking Freight, Inc. was renamed FedEx Freight West, Inc. In May 2006, the Watkins Motor Lines business was renamed FedEx National LTL, Inc. In December 2008, FedEx Freight East, Inc. and FedEx Freight West, Inc. merged and became FedEx Freight, Inc., which was wholly owned by FedEx Freight Corporation. In January 2011, FedEx National LTL, Inc. merged into FedEx Freight, Inc. On June 1, 2024, FedEx Freight Corporation merged into FedEx Freight, Inc., and ownership of FedEx Custom Critical, Inc. (“FedEx Custom Critical”) was transferred from another FedEx subsidiary to FedEx Freight, Inc. On September 1, 2024, FedEx Freight Canada Holding Company, Inc., formerly a subsidiary of FedEx Freight Corporation, merged into FedEx Freight, Inc. and its subsidiary, FedEx Freight Canada Corp. (“FedEx Freight Canada”), became a subsidiary of FedEx Freight, Inc.
On July 14, 2025, FedEx Freight Holding Company, Inc. was incorporated to serve as the ultimate parent company of FedEx Freight, Inc. in connection with the planned Spin-Off. Subsequently, on February 11, 2026, FDXF Holding Corporation was formed as an intermediate holding company to become a direct subsidiary of FedEx Freight Holding Company, Inc. On May 29, 2026, ownership of FedEx Freight, Inc. and its subsidiaries was transferred from another FedEx subsidiary to FDXF Holding Corporation. Immediately thereafter, ownership of FDXF Holding Corporation and its subsidiaries was transferred to FedEx Freight Holding Company, Inc. Collectively, these ownership transfers completed the reorganization.
The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of FedEx Freight Holding Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries for all periods presented since the reorganizations were transactions under common control.
FISCAL YEARS
FISCAL YEARS. Except as otherwise specified, references to years indicate our fiscal year ended May 31, 2026, or ended May 31 of the year referenced.
Effective for the period beginning June 1, 2026, the Company's fiscal year-end will change from May 31 to December 31.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
BASIS OF PRESENTATION. Throughout the periods included in these consolidated financial statements, FedEx Freight operated as part of FedEx and consisted of several legal entities. As stated above, FedEx Custom Critical’s and FedEx Freight Canada’s results have been included retrospectively for all periods presented as the contribution of these entities to FedEx Freight was a transaction under common control. Separate financial statements have not historically been prepared for FedEx Freight. These consolidated financial statements have been derived from FedEx’s historical accounting records as if FedEx Freight’s operations had been conducted independently from FedEx, using the historical accounting policies applied by FedEx. These consolidated financial statements were prepared on a stand-alone basis in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
The historical results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of FedEx Freight presented in these consolidated financial statements may not be indicative of what they would have been had FedEx Freight been an independent stand-alone entity, nor are they necessarily indicative of FedEx Freight’s future results of operations, comprehensive income, financial position, and cash flows.
The consolidated financial statements include all revenue and costs directly attributable to FedEx Freight and an allocation of expenses related to certain FedEx corporate and shared functions as described in Note 10, Related Party Transactions. These expenses have been allocated to FedEx Freight based on direct usage or benefit where specifically identifiable, with the remainder allocated pro rata based on an applicable measure of total revenue, headcount, specific revenue by function, transaction volume, or other relevant measures. Management considers these allocations to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services or the benefit received.
The consolidated financial statements include all of the assets and liabilities specifically attributable to FedEx Freight and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned.
All intercompany transactions and balances within FedEx Freight have been eliminated in these consolidated financial statements. As described in Note 10, Related Party Transactions, certain transactions between FedEx Freight and FedEx have been included in these consolidated financial statements.
FedEx uses a centralized approach to cash management and financing of its domestic operations. The related balances were increased through daily cash deposits by the Company to FedEx and decreased by cash distributions and disbursements made by FedEx on behalf of FedEx Freight for operating expenses. This arrangement is not reflective of the manner in which we would have financed our domestic operations had we been a stand-alone business separate from FedEx during the periods presented. As a result of this arrangement, we were dependent on transfers of cash from FedEx to fund our operations in certain situations. The amounts associated with this arrangement are reported in the caption “(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings” as a component of (deficit) equity in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and as a financing activity on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Refer to Note 10, Related Party Transactions, for further discussion. On May 29, 2026, the Company’s cash pooling arrangement with FedEx was terminated in preparation for the Spin-Off.
FedEx’s third-party debt and related interest expense have not been attributed to FedEx Freight for the periods presented because FedEx’s borrowings are neither directly attributable to FedEx Freight nor is FedEx Freight the legal obligor of such borrowings. Refer to Note 13, Contingencies, for further discussion of our guarantees of FedEx’s third-party debt during the periods presented. In connection with the Spin-Off, we entered into a series of financing arrangements for which both FedEx and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries were jointly and severally liable until completion of the Spin-Off. Upon completion of the Spin-Off, FedEx will automatically be released from its guarantee of these financing arrangements, and FedEx Custom Critical will become a guarantor of the Notes. The borrowings under such financing arrangements are reflected in the “Long-term debt, less current portion” caption on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, with a corresponding amount reflected as a Net transfer to Parent. Refer to Note 5, Long-Term Debt, for further discussion on the composition of debt during the periods presented.
FedEx and its affiliates provide a variety of services to FedEx Freight. Certain services and support functions such as information technology, marketing, sales, financial services, support services, customer experience, and various other FedEx shared services, are routinely allocated to FedEx Freight. In circumstances where charges were not historically billed to FedEx Freight by FedEx (or charges billed were not reflective of the full costs of doing business), those charges have been allocated to FedEx Freight and are reflected within the respective operating expense line item in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Where specific identification of charges was not practicable, a reasonable method of allocation was applied to those charges primarily based on a proportional share of total revenue. Refer to Note 10, Related Party Transactions, for further discussion.
Where allocations of amounts were necessary, the allocations of these amounts were determined on a reasonable basis and the methods were applied consistently for the periods presented and reflect all of the costs of FedEx Freight. These allocated amounts are not necessarily indicative of the actual amounts that might have been incurred or realized had FedEx Freight operated as an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented, nor are they indicative of FedEx Freight’s future operations. Consequently, the consolidated financial statements do not necessarily represent the results the Company would have achieved if the Company had operated as a separate, stand-alone entity during the periods presented. It is not practicable to estimate actual costs that would have been incurred had the Company been a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented.
During the periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, the operations of FedEx Freight were included in the consolidated U.S. federal and state income tax returns filed by FedEx. Income tax expense and other income tax-related information contained in these consolidated financial statements are presented on a separate return basis as if FedEx Freight had filed its own tax returns. The deferred income taxes of FedEx Freight as presented in these consolidated financial statements, including tax attributes such as net operating losses or credit carryforwards, may not be indicative of the deferred tax assets available to FedEx Freight in the future. FedEx Freight’s uncertain tax positions recorded under the separate return method may also differ from those recorded in FedEx’s financial statements.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
REVENUE RECOGNITION.
Satisfaction of Performance Obligation
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the basis of revenue recognition in accordance with GAAP. To determine the proper revenue recognition method for contracts, we evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one single contract and whether the combined or single contract should be accounted for as more than one performance obligation. For most of our contracts, the customer contracts with us to provide distinct transportation services within a single contract. Substantially all of our transportation service contracts with customers include only one performance obligation, the transportation services themselves. However, if a contract is separated into more than one performance obligation, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative stand-alone selling prices of the promised services underlying each performance obligation. We frequently sell standard transportation services with observable stand-alone sales prices. In these instances, the observable stand-alone sales are used to determine the stand-alone selling price.
For transportation services, revenue is recognized over time as we perform the services in the contract because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer. Our customers receive the benefit of our services as the goods are transported from one location to another. If we were unable to complete delivery to the final location, another entity would not need to reperform the transportation service already performed. As control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the services to be provided. We use an output method of progress based on time-in-transit because it depicts the transfer of control to the customer that occurs throughout the time-in-transit.
Contract Modification
Contracts are often modified to account for changes in the rates we charge our customers or to add distinct services. We consider contract modifications to exist when the modification either creates new enforceable rights and obligations or alters the existing arrangement. Contract modifications that add distinct services are treated as separate contracts. Contract modifications that do not add distinct services typically change the price of existing services. These contract modifications are accounted for prospectively as the remaining performance obligations are distinct.
Variable Consideration
Certain contracts contain customer incentives, guaranteed service refunds, and other provisions that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. These incentives are generally awarded based upon achieving certain performance metrics. We estimate variable consideration as the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled. We include estimated amounts of revenue, which may be reduced by incentives or other contract provisions, in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based on an assessment of anticipated customer spending and all information (historical, current, and forecasted) that is reasonably available to us.
Contract Assets
Contract assets include billed and unbilled amounts resulting from in-transit shipments, as we have an unconditional right to payment only once all performance obligations have been completed (e.g., delivery has occurred). Contract assets are generally classified as current, and the full balance is converted each quarter based on the short-term nature of the transactions.
The Company’s contract assets were historically included in the balances sold to FedEx pursuant to the Company’s historical factoring arrangement. On November 30, 2025, the Company’s factoring agreement with FedEx was terminated in preparation for the Spin-Off. Additionally, on November 18, 2025, the Company entered into a True Sale and Assignment Agreement with FedEx, effective December 1, 2025, under which the Company reacquired all outstanding U.S. trade receivables previously sold to FedEx. Refer to Note 10, Related Party Transactions, for additional information related to the Company’s participation in the historical factoring agreement with FedEx.
Gross contract assets related to in-transit shipments totaled $150 million at May 31, 2026, and were not material at May 31, 2025. Contract assets net of deferred unearned revenue were $76 million at May 31, 2026, and were not material at May 31, 2025. Contract assets are included within “Receivables” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Payment Terms
Certain of our revenue-producing transactions are subject to taxes and duties, such as sales tax, assessed by governmental authorities. We present these revenues net of tax. Under the typical payment terms of our customer contracts, the customer pays at periodic intervals (e.g., every 15 days, 30 days, 45 days) for shipments included on invoices received. It is not customary business practice to extend payment terms past 90 days, and as such, we do not have a practice of including a significant financing component within our revenue contracts with customers.
FACTORING AGREEMENTS. We historically sold certain of our trade accounts receivable on a non-recourse basis to FedEx under a legally enforceable factoring agreement. We accounted for these transactions as sales of receivables and reflected the transfer of receivables as a reduction of “Receivables” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cash proceeds from the factoring agreement were presented as “Cash provided by operating activities” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
On November 30, 2025, the Company’s factoring agreement with FedEx was terminated in preparation for the Spin-Off. As a result, no customer receivables were sold during the second half of the year ended May 31, 2026. On November 18, 2025, the Company entered into a True Sale and Assignment Agreement with FedEx, effective December 1, 2025, under which the Company reacquired all outstanding U.S. trade receivables previously sold to FedEx under the Company’s factoring arrangement. See Note 10, Related Party Transactions, for additional information.
CREDIT RISK
CREDIT RISK. We routinely grant credit to many of our customers without collateral. The risk of credit loss in our non-factored trade receivables is substantially mitigated by our credit evaluation process, short collection terms, and our broad and diverse customer base. Allowances for potential credit losses are updated monthly and determined on accounts receivable using historical experience and the impact of current economic conditions. Historically, credit losses have been within management’s expectations.
Activity related to receivables historically sold under the Company’s factoring agreement with FedEx is excluded from the changes in the allowance for credit losses and allowance for revenue adjustments for periods prior to December 1, 2025. Refer to Note 10, Related Party Transactions, for additional information related to the Company’s participation in the historical factoring agreement with FedEx and factoring fees incurred.
CASH CASH. Cash held in FedEx Freight bank accounts as of May 31, 2026 and 2025 are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. FedEx reviews excess cash in certain jurisdictions that accumulates based on customer payer location and executes periodic dividend payments from its subsidiaries for company-wide use.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT. Expenditures for major additions, improvements, and equipment modifications are capitalized when such costs are determined to extend the useful life of the asset or are part of the cost of acquiring the asset. Maintenance and repairs costs are charged to expense as incurred. We capitalize certain direct internal and external costs associated with the development of internal-use software, including implementation of cloud computing service arrangements. Gains and losses on sales of property used in operations are classified within operating expenses and historically have been nominal.
For financial reporting purposes, we record depreciation and amortization of property and equipment on a straight-line basis over the asset’s service life or related lease term, if shorter. For income tax purposes, depreciation is computed using accelerated methods when applicable.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. For assets that are to be held and used, an impairment is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset or group of assets is less than their carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows, or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of carrying value or estimated net realizable value.
We operate an integrated transportation network so cash flows for most of our operating assets to be held and used are assessed for impairment at the network level.
GOODWILL GOODWILL. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets of businesses acquired. Several factors give rise to goodwill in our acquisitions, such as the expected benefits from synergies of the combination and the existing workforce of the acquired business. Goodwill is reviewed at least annually for impairment. In our evaluation of goodwill impairment, we perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment is not conclusive, we proceed to test goodwill for impairment, including comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value (including attributable goodwill). Fair value for our reporting units is determined using an income or market approach incorporating market participant considerations and management’s assumptions on revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates, and expected capital expenditures. Fair value determinations may include both internal and third-party valuations. Unless circumstances otherwise dictate, we perform our annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter. We evaluated our reporting units during the fourth quarters of 2026, 2025, and 2024, and the estimated fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value as of the end of 2026, 2025, and 2024; therefore, no impairment was recorded during any of the years presented.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS.
Defined Benefit Plans
For all periods presented, certain of our U.S. employees and retirees participated in defined benefit pension and postretirement healthcare plans sponsored by FedEx. Our participation in the defined benefit pension and postretirement healthcare plans sponsored by FedEx is accounted for under the multiemployer approach. Accordingly, we did not record an asset or liability to recognize the funded status of the plans in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of May 31, 2026 and 2025. The accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income reflect a proportionate allocation of net periodic benefit costs for the multiemployer plans associated with FedEx Freight employees for all periods presented. These expenses are reflected within “Salaries and employee benefits” and “Other, net” as applicable in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Expenses associated with our
employees’ participation in FedEx-sponsored defined benefit plans, as well as an allocation of shared employee net periodic benefit costs, were $34 million, $43 million, and $65 million in 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively.
Defined Contribution Plans
Certain of our employees in Canada participate in a defined contribution plan sponsored by FedEx Freight while certain of our employees in the United States participate in a defined contribution plan sponsored by FedEx. All contributions in the United States are subject to maximum compensation and contribution limits for a tax-qualified defined contribution plan as prescribed by the Internal Revenue Service. Expenses associated with our employees’ participation in all defined contribution plans and an allocation of shared employee costs are reflected within “Salaries and employee benefits” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income and were $146 million, $132 million, and $137 million in 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively.
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES. The Company’s income tax provision was prepared following the separate return method. The separate return method applies Accounting Standard Codification 740, Income Taxes, to the stand-alone financial statements of each member of the combined group as if the group members were a separate taxpayer. The calculation of the Company’s income taxes on a separate return basis requires a considerable amount of judgment and use of both estimates and allocations. Furthermore, the tax treatment of certain items reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company may not be reflected in the consolidated financial statements and tax returns of FedEx. Such items, including net operating losses, credit carry-forwards, and valuation allowances, may exist in the accompanying consolidated financial statements that may or may not exist in FedEx’s consolidated financial statements. As a result, the income taxes of the Company as presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements may not be indicative of the income taxes that the Company will generate in the future. Furthermore, current obligations for taxes where the Company’s operations were included in tax returns with the activities of FedEx are deemed settled with FedEx as a component of “(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings” for purposes of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Deferred income taxes are provided for the tax effect of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. The liability method is used to account for income taxes, which requires deferred taxes to be recorded at the statutory rate expected to be in effect when the taxes are paid.
Deferred income tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in future years. Such assets arise because of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as from net operating loss, capital loss, and tax credit carryforwards. We evaluate the recoverability of these future tax deductions and credits by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings, and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income rely heavily on estimates to make this determination and, as a result, there is a risk that these estimates will have to be revised as new information is received. To the extent we do not consider it more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be recovered, a valuation allowance is established. We believe we will generate sufficient future taxable income to realize the tax benefits related to the remaining net deferred tax assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets that are not subject to valuation allowances. We record the taxes for global intangible low-taxed income as a period cost.
We recognize liabilities for uncertain income tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires us to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as we must determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis or when new information becomes available to management. These reevaluations are based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, successfully settled issues under audit, and new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement could result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an increase to the related provision.
We classify interest related to income tax liabilities as interest expense, and if applicable, penalties are recognized as a component of income tax expense. The income tax liabilities and accrued interest and penalties that are due within one year of the balance sheet date are presented as current liabilities. The noncurrent portion of our income tax liabilities and accrued interest and penalties are included within “Other liabilities” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
SELF-INSURANCE ACCRUALS
SELF-INSURANCE ACCRUALS. FedEx is self-insured for costs associated with workers’ compensation claims, vehicle accidents, property and cargo loss, general business liabilities, and benefits paid under employee health and disability programs. Accruals are primarily based on the actuarially estimated cost of claims incurred as of the balance sheet date. FedEx self-insures up to certain limits that vary by operating company and type of risk. Claims costs are recognized on a gross basis and a receivable is recorded for amounts covered by third-party insurance, as well as FedEx’s captive insurance program. Periodically, FedEx evaluates the level of insurance coverage and adjusts insurance levels based on risk tolerance and premium expense.
A portion of FedEx’s self-insurance reserve is attributable to FedEx Freight, up to a certain limit, representing FedEx Freight’s obligation. As of May 31, 2026, FedEx assumed substantially all of the self-insurance reserves related to workers’ compensation claims, vehicle accidents, and property and general business liabilities attributable to FedEx Freight, amounting to $330 million. This amount is included in “Net transfers from (to) Parent” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity. FedEx Freight has retained self-insurance reserves related to cargo loss, certain employee group health claims, disability claims, and certain workers’
compensation claims due to local jurisdiction requirements. In April 2026, approximately $34 million of liabilities attributable to FedEx Freight for benefits paid under long-term disability programs were assumed by a third-party insurance company. Any remaining long-term disability benefits are expected to be assumed by a third-party insurance company by December 31, 2026.
The current portion of self-insurance accruals related to FedEx Freight are included within “Accrued expenses” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Liabilities for the risks we retain are not discounted and are estimated, in part, by considering historical cost experience, demographic and severity factors, and judgments about current and expected levels of cost per claim and retention levels. Changes in these assumptions and factors can impact actual costs paid to settle the claims and those amounts may be different than our estimates.
LEASES
LEASES. We lease certain facilities and vehicles under operating and finance leases. A determination of whether a contract contains a lease is made at the inception of the arrangement. Our leased facilities include service centers and administrative space.
Our leases generally contain options to extend or terminate the lease. We reevaluate our leases on a regular basis to consider the economic and strategic incentives of exercising the renewal options, and how they align with our operating strategy. Therefore, substantially all the renewal option periods are not included within the lease term and the associated payments are not included in the measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability as the options to extend are not reasonably certain at lease commencement. Short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recognized in the right-of-use asset and lease liability within the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The lease liabilities are measured at the lease commencement date and determined using the present value of the minimum lease payments not yet paid and our incremental borrowing rate, which approximates the rate at which we would borrow, on a collateralized basis, over the term of a lease in the applicable currency environment. The interest rate implicit in the lease is generally not determinable in transactions where we are the lessee. The incremental borrowing rate applied to the measurement of lease liabilities for the periods presented is not necessarily indicative of the incremental borrowing rate incurred had FedEx Freight operated as an independent, stand-alone entity during the periods presented, nor is it indicative of FedEx Freight’s future incremental borrowing rate.
For real estate leases, we account for lease components and non-lease components (such as common area maintenance) as a single lease component. Certain real estate leases require additional payments based on sales volume and index-based rate increases, as well as reimbursement for real estate taxes, common area maintenance, and insurance, which are expensed as incurred as variable lease costs. Certain leases contain fixed lease payments for items such as real estate taxes, common area maintenance, and insurance. These fixed payments are considered part of the lease payment and included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION. Translation gains and losses of foreign operations that use local currencies as the functional currency are accumulated and reported, net of applicable deferred income taxes, as a component of “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” (“AOCL”) within equity in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the local currency are included within “Other, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income and were immaterial for each period presented.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION. Certain of our employees participate in the stock-based compensation plans sponsored by FedEx for the periods presented. The accounting guidance related to share-based payments requires recognition of compensation expense for stock-based awards using a fair value method. FedEx uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock options. The value of restricted stock awards is based on the stock price of the award on the grant date.
SEGMENT INFORMATION SEGMENT INFORMATION. As described in Note 1, Description of Business and Basis of Presentation, we operate as one reportable segment. John A. Smith, President and Chief Executive Officer of FedEx Freight, is our CODM and utilizes operating income as the primary measure of segment performance because it reflects the underlying business performance and provides the CODM with a basis for making resource allocation decisions. Operating income is defined as income before other income (expense) and income tax expense. Our CODM utilizes operating income in the annual budget and monthly forecasting processes, and considers forecast-to-actual variances on a monthly basis, when making resource allocation decisions. Our CODM regularly reviews significant expense details, which include salaries and employee benefits, purchased transportation, rentals, depreciation and amortization, fuel, maintenance and repairs, separation and other costs, and other operating expenses. These expense categories are included within operating expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income and are used by the CODM in assessing performance and allocating resources.
CONTINGENCIES CONTINGENCIES. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties, and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. Refer to Note 13, Contingencies, for further discussion.
USE OF ESTIMATES USE OF ESTIMATES. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Management makes its best estimate of the ultimate outcome for these items based on historical trends and other information available when the financial statements are prepared. Changes in estimates are recognized in accordance with the accounting rules for the estimate, which is typically in the period when new information becomes available to management. Areas where the nature of the estimate makes it reasonably possible that actual results could materially differ from amounts estimated include self-insurance accruals, retirement plan obligations, long-term incentive accruals, tax liabilities, loss contingencies, litigation claims, impairment assessments on long-lived assets (including goodwill) that rely on projections of future cash flows, purchase price allocations, and allocations of shared services and general corporate costs.
RECENT ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE RECENT ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE
New accounting rules and disclosure requirements can significantly affect our reported results and the comparability of our financial statements. We believe the following new accounting guidance is relevant to the readers of our financial statements.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. We adopted this standard effective June 1, 2025 on a prospective basis. While the new accounting rules did not have any impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows, the adoption of the new accounting rules resulted in additional disclosures, which are included in Note 8, Income Taxes.
New Accounting Standards and Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, which clarifies the applicability of the interim reporting guidance, the types of interim reporting, and the form and content of interim financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Per the FASB, the amendment does not intend to change the fundamental nature of interim reporting or expand or reduce current interim disclosure requirements but rather provide clarity and improve navigability of the existing interim reporting requirements. The update will be effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are assessing the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which updates the accounting for internal-use software by eliminating the concept of development stages. Under the updated guidance, software costs are capitalized once management has authorized and committed to funding the project, and it is probable the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The update will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. We are assessing the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which simplifies the application of the current expected credit loss model for current accounts receivable and current contract assets under Accounting Standards Codification 606. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. We are assessing the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which expands disclosures about specific expense categories at interim and annual reporting periods. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. We are assessing the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.