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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

13. Income Taxes

We operate on a global basis and are subject to numerous and complex tax laws and regulations. Additionally, tax laws continue to undergo rapid changes in both application and interpretation by various countries, including state aid interpretations and initiatives led by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ("OECD"). Our income tax filings are subject to examinations by taxing authorities throughout the world. Income tax audits may require an extended period of time to reach resolution and may result in significant income tax adjustments when interpretation of tax laws or allocation of company profits is disputed. Although ultimate timing is uncertain, the net amount of tax liability for unrecognized tax benefits may change due to changes in audit status, expiration of statutes of limitations, settlements of tax assessments and other events.

We are under continuous audit by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and have disputes with the IRS and other foreign taxing authorities in the jurisdictions where we operate. In addition, some jurisdictions in which we operate require payment of disputed taxes to petition a court or taxing authority, or we may elect to make such payments prior to final resolution. We record any prepayments as income tax receivables when we believe our position is more likely than not to be upheld. We assess our position on these disputes at each reporting period. During the course of these audits and disputes, we receive proposed adjustments from taxing authorities that may be material. Therefore, there is a possibility that an adverse outcome in these audits or disputes could have a material effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Our U.S. federal income tax returns have been audited through 2019.

In the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026, our effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 21.8 percent and 21.3 percent, respectively, compared to 31.7 percent and 25.9 percent in the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The 21.8 percent and the 21.3 percent ETR in the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026, respectively, were primarily driven by our mix of earnings between U.S. and foreign locations. The 31.7 percent and the 25.9 percent ETR in the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2025, respectively, were primarily driven by our mix of earnings between U.S. and foreign locations and in part due to a change in our assertion regarding the indefinite reinvestment of earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. Absent discrete tax events, we expect our future ETR will be lower than the U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21.0 percent due to our mix of earnings between U.S. and foreign locations, which generally have lower corporate income tax rates. Our ETR in future periods could also potentially be impacted by: changes in our mix of pre-tax earnings; changes in tax rates, tax laws or their interpretation; the outcome of various

federal, state and foreign audits, appeals, and litigation; and the expiration of certain statutes of limitations. Currently, we cannot reasonably estimate the impact of these items on our financial results.