<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019fcdcc-fd99-7ce4-8d4c-e47f2d2741c6,g:43fa863b-2e80-4b46-8d18-e0df4f848c35-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://bowheadspecialty.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="bow-20260805.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://bowheadspecialty.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019fcdcc-fd99-7f26-8c7e-36c5d6548378" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019fcdcc-fd99-7dad-abb5-88fef1fc63fc" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019fcdcc-fd99-7f26-8c7e-36c5d6548378" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019fcdcc-fd99-7dad-abb5-88fef1fc63fc" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019fcdcc-fd99-78c5-9aee-5c3633dc59fc" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019fcdcc-fd99-7f26-8c7e-36c5d6548378" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019fcdcc-fd99-78c5-9aee-5c3633dc59fc" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_019fcdcc-fd99-7b4d-a75e-b1212798fcff" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019fcdcc-fd99-7f26-8c7e-36c5d6548378" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_019fcdcc-fd99-7b4d-a75e-b1212798fcff" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019fcdcc-fd99-7314-bfbd-ea39983487fa" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019fcdcc-fd99-7f26-8c7e-36c5d6548378" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019fcdcc-fd99-7314-bfbd-ea39983487fa" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>