Discontinued Operations

The condensed consolidated financial statements separately report discontinued operations and the results of continuing operations (see Note K). All footnotes exclude discontinued operations unless otherwise noted.

Discontinued Operations

The consolidated financial statements separately report discontinued operations and the results of continuing operations (see Note M). All footnotes exclude discontinued operations unless otherwise noted.

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codifications (“ASC”), Revenue Recognition (“ASC 606” or “Topic 606”).

The Company measures revenue at the amounts that reflect the consideration to which it is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring control of goods and services to customers. The Company recognizes revenue either at the point in time or over the period of time that performance obligations to customers are satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations (e.g., DNA products, maintenance, authentication services, research and development services, etc.). For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.

Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s current contracts with customers, it has elected to apply the practical expedients under Topic 606 to: (1) expense as incurred, incremental costs of obtaining a contract and (2) not adjust the consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Product Revenues

The Company’s DNA product revenues are accounted for/recognized in accordance with contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon satisfying its promises to transfer goods or services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company invoices customers upon shipment, and its collection terms range, on average, from 30 to 60 days.

Authentication Services

The Company recognizes revenue for authentication services upon satisfying its promises to provide services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company services are complete, which in nearly all cases is when the authentication report is released to the customer.

Research and Development Services

The Company’s revenues from its research and development contracts are accounted for/recognized when the performance obligations per the contract are satisfied. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time, either when the Company’s services are complete, or when the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer, or when a report is released to a customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company invoices customers upon shipment, or completion of the services and its collection terms range, on average, from 30 to 60 days.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by our business operations and timing of revenue recognition:

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The following table presents revenues disaggregated by our business operations and timing of revenue recognition:

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Contract balances

As of March 31, 2026, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Consideration received from a customer prior to revenue recognition is recorded to a contract liability and is recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations under the terms of the contract. The deferred revenue as of March 31, 2026 consists of authentication services under a contract where consideration has been received and the services have not been fully performed. The Company’s contract liabilities, which are reported as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025, consisted almost entirely of research and development contracts where consideration has been received and the development services had not yet been performed, as well as authentication services under contracts where consideration had been received and the services had not been fully performed.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract liability balances are as follows:

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For the three and six months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recognized $0 and $12,285 of revenue that was included in Contract liabilities as of October 1, 2025.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract asset balances are as follows:

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Revenue Recognition

The Company follows FASB ASC, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 606” or “Topic 606”).

The Company measures revenue at the amounts that reflect the consideration to which it is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring control of goods and services to customers. The Company recognizes revenue either at the point in time or over the period of time that performance obligations to customers are satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations (e.g. DNA products, maintenance, authentication services, research and development services, etc.). For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenues to each performance obligation based on their relative standalone selling price.

Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s current contracts with customers, it has elected to apply the practical expedients under Topic 606 to: (1) expense as incurred, incremental costs of obtaining a contract and (2) not adjust the consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Product Revenues

The Company’s DNA product revenues are accounted for/recognized in accordance with contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon satisfying its promises to transfer goods or services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company invoices customers upon shipment, and its collection terms range, on average, from 30 to 60 days.

Authentication Services

The Company recognizes revenue for authentication services upon satisfying its promises to provide services to customers under the terms of its contracts. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time the Company services are complete, which in nearly all cases is when the authentication report is released to the customer.

Research and Development Services

The Company’s revenue from its research and development contracts are accounted for/recognized when the performance obligations per the contract are satisfied. These performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time, either when the Company’s services are complete, or when the Company transfers control of the goods to the customer, which in nearly all cases is when title to and risk of loss of the goods transfer to the customer, or when a report is released to a customer. The timing of transfer of title and risk of loss is dictated by customary or explicitly stated contract terms. The Company invoices customers upon shipment, or completion of the services and its collection terms range, on average, from 30 to 60 days.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues disaggregated by our business operations and timing of revenue recognition:

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Contract balances

As of September 30, 2025, the Company has entered into contracts with customers for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Consideration received from a customer prior to revenue recognition is recorded to a contract liability and is recognized as revenue when the Company satisfies the related performance obligations under the terms of the contract. The deferred revenue balance as of September 30, 2025 consists of authentication services under a contract where consideration has been received and the services have not yet been fully performed. The Company’s contract liabilities, which are reported as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024, consisted almost entirely of research and development contracts where consideration has been received and the development services have not yet been fully performed.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract balances are as follows:

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For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized $9,600 of revenue that was included in contract liabilities as of October 1, 2024.

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized $40,035 of revenue that was included in contract liabilities as of October 1, 2023.

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s contract asset balances are as follows:

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Accounts Receivable

The Company provides an allowance for credit losses equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses may change.

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company classifies receivable amounts as current or long-term based on expected payment and records long-term accounts receivable when the collection period is expected to be greater than one year.

At September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had an allowance for credit losses of $0 and $75,000, respectively. The Company writes-off receivables that are deemed uncollectible.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) which requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statement or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Temporary differences between taxable income reported for financial reporting purposes and income tax purposes include, but not limited to, accounting for intangibles, equity-based compensation and depreciation and amortization. The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred losses from operations. Based upon these results and the trends in the Company’s performance projected for fiscal year 2026, it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize any benefit from the deferred tax assets recorded by the Company in previous periods. Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years. If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary. The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax return in New York as “major” tax jurisdictions. Based on the Company’s evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position. It is the Company’s policy to accrue interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as components of income tax provision. The Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. Tax years 2020 through 2023 remain subject to future examination by the applicable taxing authorities.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Events relating to recoverability may include significant unfavorable changes in business conditions, recurring losses, or a forecasted inability to achieve break-even operating results over an extended period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets based upon forecasted undiscounted cash flows. Should impairment in value be indicated, the carrying value of long-lived assets will be adjusted, based on estimates of future discounted cash flows resulting from the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. The acquired technology from the Spindle Asset Purchase (see Note E) has been classified as In Process Research and Development (“IPR&D”). Intangible assets related to IPR&D are considered to be indefinite-lived until the abandonment or completion of the associated research and development efforts. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized and, instead are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired. The Company qualitatively and quantitatively determines whether, more likely than not, the fair value exceeds the carrying amount of a reporting unit. There are numerous assumptions and estimates underlying the quantitative assessments including future earnings, long-term strategies, and the Company’s annual planning and forecasts. If these planned initiatives do not accomplish the targeted objectives, the assumptions and estimates underlying the quantitative assessments could be adversely affected and have a material effect upon the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As of September 30, 2025, the Company determined the intangible assets related to the Spindle acquisition were impaired, see Note E for further details.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for employees, directors, and nonemployees in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all share-based payments, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and are recognized as expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options is estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 740, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified as cash flows from operating activities. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statements of operations.

Concentrations

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $323,629 in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.

The Company’s revenues earned from sale of products and services for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was 86% from one customer within the Therapeutic DNA Production Services segment. The Company’s revenue earned from the sale of products and services for the six months ended March 31, 2026 was 80%, from one customer within the Therapeutic DNA Production Services segment.

The Company’s revenues earned from sales of products and services for the three months ended March 31, 2025 included an aggregate of 44% and 11% from two customers within the Therapeutic DNA Production Services segment. The Company’s revenue earned from the sale of products and services for the six months ended March 31, 2025 was 27% and 12% from two customers within the DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services segment and 20% from one customer in the Therapeutic DNA Production Services segments.

Two customers accounted for 85% of the Company’s accounts receivable at March 31, 2026 and three customers accounted for 99% of the Company’s accounts receivable at September 30, 2025.

Concentrations

Financial instruments and related items, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high credit quality institutions. At times, such investments may be in excess of the FDIC insurance limit. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $1.9 million in excess of the FDIC insurance limit.

The Company’s revenues earned from the sale of products and services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 included an aggregate of 20% and 10%, from two customers within the DNA Tagging and Security Products segment, and 29% from one customer within the Therapeutic DNA Production segment, respectively.

The Company’s revenues earned from the sale of products and services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 included an aggregate of 28%, from one customer within the Therapeutic DNA Production Services segment.

At September 30, 2025, three customers accounted for 99% of the Company’s accounts receivable. At September 30, 2024, three customers accounted for 75% of the Company’s accounts receivable.

Advertising

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. The Company charged to operations $108,827 and $124,036, as advertising costs for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Segment Reporting

Historically, the Company operated in three reportable segments: (1) Therapeutic DNA Production Services; (2) MDx Testing Services; and (3) DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services. As a result of the strategic restructuring during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, regarding the closure of its clinical laboratory, effective June 27, 2025, the Company’s MDx Testing Services segment is being reported in discontinued operations. Also, as a result of launching the Company’s DAT strategy in October 2025, the Company has added a new reportable segment; Digital Asset Treasury. Resources are allocated by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) whom, collectively, the Company has determined to be its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The following is a brief description of the Company’s reportable segments.

Digital Asset Treasury — Segment operations consist of  managing the Company’s digital assets and implementing its DAT strategy.

Therapeutic DNA Production Services — Segment operations consist of the Company’s nucleic-acid production solutions for the biopharmaceutical and diagnostics industries including LineaDNA, LineaRNAP and LineaIVT.

DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services — Segment operations consist of the manufacture and detection of DNA for industrial supply chains and security services. As discussed above, on February 13, 2025, the Company announced it was exiting its DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services business segment. The Company continues to strategically exit contracts relating to this segment and currently plans to continue to service certain of its existing DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services customer contracts.

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The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on revenues and operating income (losses). Operating income (loss) includes intersegment revenues, as well as a charge allocating all corporate headquarters costs. Since each vertical has shared employee resources, payroll and certain other general expenses such as rent, and utilities were allocated based on an estimate by management of the percentage of employee time spent in each vertical. Segment assets are not reported to, or used by, the CODM to allocate resources to, or assess performance of, the segments and therefore, total segment assets have not been disclosed.

Segment Reporting

Historically, the Company operated in three reportable segments: (1) Therapeutic DNA Production Services; (2) MDx Testing Services; and (3) DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services. As a result of the strategic restructuring detailed above, regarding the closure of its clinical laboratory, effective June 27, 2025, the Company’s MDx Testing Services segment is being reported in discontinued operations. Resources are allocated by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) whom, collectively, the Company has determined to be our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). The following is a brief description of our reportable segments.

Therapeutic DNA Production Services — Segment operations consist of the Company’s nucleic-acid production solutions for the biopharmaceutical and diagnostics industries including LineaDNA, LineaRNAP and LineaIVT.

DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services— Segment operations consist of the manufacture and detection of DNA for industrial supply chains and security services. As discussed above, on February 13, 2025, the Company announced it was exiting its DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services business segment. The Company continues to strategically exit contracts relating to this segment and currently plans to continue to service certain of its existing DNA Tagging and Security Products and Services customer contracts.

The Company evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on revenues and operating income (losses). Operating income (loss) includes intersegment revenues, as well as a charge allocating all corporate headquarters costs. Since each vertical has shared employee resources, payroll and certain other general expenses such as rent, and utilities were allocated based on an estimate by management of the percentage of employee time spent in each vertical. Segment assets are not reported to, or used by, the CODM to allocate resources to, or assess performance of, the segments and therefore, total segment assets have not been disclosed.

Recent Accounting Standards

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity. This standard clarifies the guidance in determining the acquirer in an acquisition transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests when the legal acquiree is a VIE that meets the definition of a business. The amendments require that an entity consider the same factors that are currently required for determining which entity is the accounting acquirer in other acquisition transactions. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and therefore will be effective beginning with the Company’s financial statements issued for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2028, with early adoption permitted. The amendments are required to be applied prospectively to any acquisition transaction that occurs after the initial application date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, that enhances the transparency of income tax disclosures by expanding annual disclosure requirements related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied prospectively with the option of retrospective application. The Company adopted this ASU as of October 1, 2025. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on its disclosures.

Recent Accounting Standards

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, that enhances the transparency of income tax disclosures by expanding annual disclosure requirements related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and should be applied prospectively with the option of retrospective application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on its disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure.” The ASU updates reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through requiring enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses and information used to assess segment performance. These disclosures are required quarterly. The ASU was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. It is required to be adopted retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements The Company has updated its segment disclosures to include details of its operating expenses line items as part of adopting this ASU.

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In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40).” The objective of this update is to simplify the accounting for convertible preferred stock by removing the existing guidance in ASC 470-20, “Debt: Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” that requires entities to account for beneficial conversion features and cash conversion features in equity, separately from the host convertible debt or preferred stock. The guidance in ASC 470-20 applies to convertible instruments for which the embedded conversion features are not required to be bifurcated from the host contract and accounted for as derivatives. In addition, the amendments revise the scope exception from derivative accounting in ASC 815-40 for freestanding financial instruments and embedded features that are both indexed to the issuer’s own stock and classified in stockholders’ equity, by removing certain criteria required for equity classification. These amendments are expected to result in more freestanding financial instruments qualifying for equity classification (and, therefore, not accounted for as derivatives), as well as fewer embedded features requiring separate accounting from the host contract. This amendment also further revises the guidance in ASU 260, “Earnings per Share,” to require entities to calculate diluted earnings per share (EPS) for convertible instruments by using the if-converted method. In addition, entities must presume share settlement for purposes of calculating diluted EPS when an instrument may be settled in cash or shares. The amendments in ASU 2020-06 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.