| Operating Costs and Other Expenses The following table summarizes the Company’s operating costs and other expenses (in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2026 | | 2025 | | Asset-based commission expenses | $ | 298 | | | $ | 273 | | | $ | 593 | | | $ | 557 | | | Other commission expenses | 353 | | | 243 | | | 675 | | | 458 | | | Sub-advisor expenses | 73 | | | 76 | | | 147 | | | 154 | | | | | | | | | | General and administrative expenses (1) | 265 | | | 274 | | | 564 | | | 533 | | | Deferral of acquisition costs | (302) | | | (185) | | | (557) | | | (344) | | | Total operating costs and other expenses | $ | 687 | | | $ | 681 | | | $ | 1,422 | | | $ | 1,358 | | | | | | | | | |
(1)Includes gains (losses) on derivative instruments economically hedging liabilities related to the non-qualified voluntary deferred compensation plan beginning in the third quarter 2025.
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