<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019e17e1-6fb9-7360-b055-e037654405bf,g:0dd0ab66-c43f-4e0c-bb9e-85c6087f107d-->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://golubcapitalbdc.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="gbdc-20260803.xsd#Cover"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://golubcapitalbdc.com/role/Cover" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentType_019e17e1-6fb9-795e-83d9-a5b6e7c56ca7" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="1" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentType_019e17e1-6fb9-795e-83d9-a5b6e7c56ca7" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019e17e1-6fb9-72ac-ac7a-78058179ede6" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="2" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_019e17e1-6fb9-72ac-ac7a-78058179ede6" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019e17e1-6fb9-7cc7-a4e9-5fcab8e86f83" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="3" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityRegistrantName_019e17e1-6fb9-7cc7-a4e9-5fcab8e86f83" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019e17e1-6fb9-7a10-9a36-c0aee341b1f5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="4" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_019e17e1-6fb9-7a10-9a36-c0aee341b1f5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019e17e1-6fb9-7b8f-b9fd-019c49a2c7c0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="5" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityFileNumber_019e17e1-6fb9-7b8f-b9fd-019c49a2c7c0" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019e17e1-6fb9-7a33-a008-e5390c65e990" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="6" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_019e17e1-6fb9-7a33-a008-e5390c65e990" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019e17e1-6fb9-7097-8949-3465a5edc7d9" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="7" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_019e17e1-6fb9-7097-8949-3465a5edc7d9" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019e17e1-6fb9-75ba-8e2c-c901047cece5" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="8" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_019e17e1-6fb9-75ba-8e2c-c901047cece5" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019e17e1-6fb9-7d57-aae5-861c08e82309" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="9" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_019e17e1-6fb9-7d57-aae5-861c08e82309" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019e17e1-6fb9-744b-a5da-8529e696600a" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="10" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_019e17e1-6fb9-744b-a5da-8529e696600a" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019e17e1-6fb9-7bc5-9db1-2a130f53abf0" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="11" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_019e17e1-6fb9-7bc5-9db1-2a130f53abf0" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019e17e1-6fb9-7cc4-bb07-91ddcf80ae05" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="12" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_CityAreaCode_019e17e1-6fb9-7cc4-bb07-91ddcf80ae05" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019e17e1-6fb9-7db6-92fa-e23c03f6bd30" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="13" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_LocalPhoneNumber_019e17e1-6fb9-7db6-92fa-e23c03f6bd30" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019e17e1-6fb9-75fa-b1fb-6a031bbab6cd" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="14" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_WrittenCommunications_019e17e1-6fb9-75fa-b1fb-6a031bbab6cd" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019e17e1-6fb9-7c04-b77c-d89b584510b9" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="15" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_SolicitingMaterial_019e17e1-6fb9-7c04-b77c-d89b584510b9" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019e17e1-6fb9-791e-8da6-9125ec877813" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="16" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_019e17e1-6fb9-791e-8da6-9125ec877813" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019e17e1-6fb9-7660-a2e7-d98f8bb5d771" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="17" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_019e17e1-6fb9-7660-a2e7-d98f8bb5d771" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019e17e1-6fb9-7f7d-bb3c-caef696bf0fe" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="18" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_Security12bTitle_019e17e1-6fb9-7f7d-bb3c-caef696bf0fe" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019e17e1-6fb9-748f-8d7e-f90f89a430ff" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="19" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_TradingSymbol_019e17e1-6fb9-748f-8d7e-f90f89a430ff" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019e17e1-6fb9-7c8b-8e3c-59942f838dce" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="20" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_SecurityExchangeName_019e17e1-6fb9-7c8b-8e3c-59942f838dce" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019e17e1-6fb9-7482-972f-223ea02b967d" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="21" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_019e17e1-6fb9-7482-972f-223ea02b967d" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019e17e1-6fb9-7ec6-a4fb-cec5f8e82a41" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="22" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_AmendmentFlag_019e17e1-6fb9-7ec6-a4fb-cec5f8e82a41" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019e17e1-6fb9-7990-a13a-d5e56d050527" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:presentationArc order="23" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="loc_dei_CoverAbstract_019e17e1-6fb9-7a6a-9146-b7e477a12064" xlink:to="loc_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_019e17e1-6fb9-7990-a13a-d5e56d050527" xlink:type="arc" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
  </link:presentationLink>
</link:linkbase>
