<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019e22c6-3c8f-7aca-b00a-75b6421fc08a,g:0b4042e0-eb15-4c53-bf51-b7d70e91c425-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:mrna="http://www.modernatx.com/20260630" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.modernatx.com/20260630">
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2026/country-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2026/ecd-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mrna-20260630_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mrna-20260630_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mrna-20260630_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mrna-20260630_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType id="CoverPage" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CoverPage">
        <link:definition>0000001 - Document - Cover Page</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETS" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETS">
        <link:definition>9952151 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETSParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDBALANCESHEETSParenthetical">
        <link:definition>9952152 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFOPERATIONS" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFOPERATIONS">
        <link:definition>9952153 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCOMPREHENSIVEINCOMELOSS" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCOMPREHENSIVEINCOMELOSS">
        <link:definition>9952154 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFSTOCKHOLDERSEQUITY" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFSTOCKHOLDERSEQUITY">
        <link:definition>9952155 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCASHFLOWS" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CONDENSEDCONSOLIDATEDSTATEMENTSOFCASHFLOWS">
        <link:definition>9952156 - Statement - CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DescriptionoftheBusiness" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/DescriptionoftheBusiness">
        <link:definition>9952157 - Disclosure - Description of the Business</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandards" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandards">
        <link:definition>9952158 - Disclosure - Summary of Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetProductSales" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetProductSales">
        <link:definition>9952159 - Disclosure - Net Product Sales</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherRevenue" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherRevenue">
        <link:definition>9952160 - Disclosure - Other Revenue</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CollaborationAgreementsandResearchandDevelopmentFundingArrangement" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CollaborationAgreementsandResearchandDevelopmentFundingArrangement">
        <link:definition>9952161 - Disclosure - Collaboration Agreements and Research and Development Funding Arrangement</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstruments" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstruments">
        <link:definition>9952162 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="Inventory" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/Inventory">
        <link:definition>9952163 - Disclosure - Inventory</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PropertyPlantandEquipmentNet" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/PropertyPlantandEquipmentNet">
        <link:definition>9952164 - Disclosure - Property, Plant and Equipment, Net</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponents" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponents">
        <link:definition>9952165 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="Leases" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/Leases">
        <link:definition>9952166 - Disclosure - Leases</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CreditAgreement" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CreditAgreement">
        <link:definition>9952167 - Disclosure - Credit Agreement</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingencies" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CommitmentsandContingencies">
        <link:definition>9952168 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchasePrograms" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchasePrograms">
        <link:definition>9952169 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation and Share Repurchase Programs</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxes" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/IncomeTaxes">
        <link:definition>9952170 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetlossperShare" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetlossperShare">
        <link:definition>9952171 - Disclosure - Net loss per Share</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsPolicies" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsPolicies">
        <link:definition>9955511 - Disclosure - Summary of Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsTables">
        <link:definition>9955512 - Disclosure - Summary of Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetProductSalesTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetProductSalesTables">
        <link:definition>9955513 - Disclosure - Net Product Sales (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherRevenueTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherRevenueTables">
        <link:definition>9955514 - Disclosure - Other Revenue (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsTables">
        <link:definition>9955515 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InventoryTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/InventoryTables">
        <link:definition>9955516 - Disclosure - Inventory (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PropertyPlantandEquipmentNetTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/PropertyPlantandEquipmentNetTables">
        <link:definition>9955517 - Disclosure - Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsTables">
        <link:definition>9955518 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/LeasesTables">
        <link:definition>9955519 - Disclosure - Leases (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsTables">
        <link:definition>9955520 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation and Share Repurchase Programs (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables">
        <link:definition>9955521 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetlossperShareTables" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetlossperShareTables">
        <link:definition>9955522 - Disclosure - Net loss per Share (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DescriptionoftheBusinessDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/DescriptionoftheBusinessDetails">
        <link:definition>9955523 - Disclosure - Description of the Business (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsScheduleofComponentsofAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsScheduleofComponentsofAccumulatedOtherComprehensiveIncomeLossDetails">
        <link:definition>9955524 - Disclosure - Summary of Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards - Schedule of Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsScheduleofReconciliationofCashCashEquivalentsandRestrictedCashDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/SummaryofBasisofPresentationandRecentAccountingStandardsScheduleofReconciliationofCashCashEquivalentsandRestrictedCashDetails">
        <link:definition>9955525 - Disclosure - Summary of Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards - Schedule of Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetProductSalesScheduleofRevenuefromExternalCustomersbyGeographicAreasDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetProductSalesScheduleofRevenuefromExternalCustomersbyGeographicAreasDetails">
        <link:definition>9955526 - Disclosure - Net Product Sales - Schedule of Revenue from External Customers by Geographic Areas (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetProductSalesNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetProductSalesNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955527 - Disclosure - Net Product Sales - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetProductSalesScheduleofDisaggregationofRevenueDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetProductSalesScheduleofDisaggregationofRevenueDetails">
        <link:definition>9955528 - Disclosure - Net Product Sales - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetProductSalesScheduleofChangesinBalancesofReceivablesandContractLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetProductSalesScheduleofChangesinBalancesofReceivablesandContractLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955529 - Disclosure - Net Product Sales - Schedule of Changes in Balances of Receivables and Contract Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherRevenueDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherRevenueDetails">
        <link:definition>9955530 - Disclosure - Other Revenue (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CollaborationAgreementsandResearchandDevelopmentFundingArrangementDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CollaborationAgreementsandResearchandDevelopmentFundingArrangementDetails">
        <link:definition>9955531 - Disclosure - Collaboration Agreements and Research and Development Funding Arrangement (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofCashandAvailableforSaleSecuritiesbySignificantInvestmentCategoryDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofCashandAvailableforSaleSecuritiesbySignificantInvestmentCategoryDetails">
        <link:definition>9955532 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Schedule of Cash and Available-for-Sale Securities by Significant Investment Category (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofCashandAvailableforSaleSecuritiesbySignificantInvestmentCategoryDetails_1" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofCashandAvailableforSaleSecuritiesbySignificantInvestmentCategoryDetails_1">
        <link:definition>9955532 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Schedule of Cash and Available-for-Sale Securities by Significant Investment Category (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofAmortizedCostandEstimatedFairValueofMarketableSecuritiesbyContractualMaturityDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofAmortizedCostandEstimatedFairValueofMarketableSecuritiesbyContractualMaturityDetails">
        <link:definition>9955533 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Schedule of Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value of Marketable Securities, by Contractual Maturity (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955534 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofUnrealizedLossPositionDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofUnrealizedLossPositionDetails">
        <link:definition>9955535 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Schedule of Unrealized Loss Position (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofFinancialAssetsMeasuredatFairValueonRecurringBasisDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofFinancialAssetsMeasuredatFairValueonRecurringBasisDetails">
        <link:definition>9955536 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Schedule of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InventoryScheduleofInventoryCurrentDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/InventoryScheduleofInventoryCurrentDetails">
        <link:definition>9955537 - Disclosure - Inventory - Schedule of Inventory, Current (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InventoryNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/InventoryNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955538 - Disclosure - Inventory - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PropertyPlantandEquipmentNetScheduleofPropertyandEquipmentNetDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/PropertyPlantandEquipmentNetScheduleofPropertyandEquipmentNetDetails">
        <link:definition>9955539 - Disclosure - Property, Plant and Equipment, Net - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PropertyPlantandEquipmentNetNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/PropertyPlantandEquipmentNetNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955540 - Disclosure - Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofAccountsNotesLoansandFinancingReceivableDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofAccountsNotesLoansandFinancingReceivableDetails">
        <link:definition>9955541 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components -Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofPrepaidExpensesandOtherCurrentAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofPrepaidExpensesandOtherCurrentAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955542 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofOtherNonCurrentAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955543 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Other Non-Current Assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofAccruedLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofAccruedLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955544 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Accrued Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955545 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Other Current Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofOtherNonCurrentLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955546 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Other Non-Current Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofDeferredRevenueDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/OtherBalanceSheetComponentsScheduleofDeferredRevenueDetails">
        <link:definition>9955547 - Disclosure - Other Balance Sheet Components - Schedule of Deferred Revenue (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/LeasesNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955548 - Disclosure - Leases - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesScheduleofAssetsandLiabilitiesLesseeDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/LeasesScheduleofAssetsandLiabilitiesLesseeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955549 - Disclosure - Leases - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities, Lessee (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesScheduleofMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/LeasesScheduleofMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955550 - Disclosure - Leases - Schedule of Minimum Lease Payments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LeasesScheduleofMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails_1" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/LeasesScheduleofMinimumLeasePaymentsDetails_1">
        <link:definition>9955550 - Disclosure - Leases - Schedule of Minimum Lease Payments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CreditAgreementDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CreditAgreementDetails">
        <link:definition>9955551 - Disclosure - Credit Agreement (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingenciesLegalProceedingsDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesLegalProceedingsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955552 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingenciesIndemnificationObligationsDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesIndemnificationObligationsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955553 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Indemnification Obligations (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingenciesLicensestoPatentedTechnologyDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesLicensestoPatentedTechnologyDetails">
        <link:definition>9955554 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Licenses to Patented Technology (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsScheduleofStockBasedCompensationExpenseDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsScheduleofStockBasedCompensationExpenseDetails">
        <link:definition>9955555 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation and Share Repurchase Programs - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsScheduleofStockBasedCompensationExpenseDetails_1" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsScheduleofStockBasedCompensationExpenseDetails_1">
        <link:definition>9955555 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation and Share Repurchase Programs - Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/StockBasedCompensationandShareRepurchaseProgramsNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955556 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation and Share Repurchase Programs - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/IncomeTaxesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955557 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NetlossperShareDetails" roleURI="http://www.modernatx.com/role/NetlossperShareDetails">
        <link:definition>9955558 - Disclosure - Net loss per Share (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ProductSalesMember" abstract="true" name="ProductSalesMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_IncreaseDecreaseInRightOfUseAssetOperatingLeases" abstract="false" name="IncreaseDecreaseInRightOfUseAssetOperatingLeases" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_FinanceLeasePrincipalPaymentsNetOfAdjustments" abstract="false" name="FinanceLeasePrincipalPaymentsNetOfAdjustments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_IntangibleAssetExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" abstract="false" name="IntangibleAssetExpendituresIncurredButNotYetPaid" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AssetsAndLiabilitiesLesseeTableTextBlock" abstract="false" name="AssetsAndLiabilitiesLesseeTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_NumberOfCommercialProducts" abstract="false" name="NumberOfCommercialProducts" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_NumberOfDevelopmentCandidates" abstract="false" name="NumberOfDevelopmentCandidates" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_NumberOfDevelopmentPrograms" abstract="false" name="NumberOfDevelopmentPrograms" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_RestOfTheWorldMember" abstract="true" name="RestOfTheWorldMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_COVID19Member" abstract="true" name="COVID19Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_RSVMember" abstract="true" name="RSVMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTaxGross" abstract="false" name="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTaxGross" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionForChargebacksDiscountsAndFees" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionForChargebacksDiscountsAndFees" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionForRefundsRebatesAndOtherFees" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionForRefundsRebatesAndOtherFees" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvision" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvision" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityRefundRollForward" abstract="true" name="ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityRefundRollForward" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionsMadeInCurrentYear" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionsMadeInCurrentYear" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionsMadeInPriorYears" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionsMadeInPriorYears" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionRelatedToSales" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityProvisionRelatedToSales" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityPaymentsAndReturnsRelatedToPriorPeriodSales" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerRefundLiabilityPaymentsAndReturnsRelatedToPriorPeriodSales" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_StandReadyManufacturingMember" abstract="true" name="StandReadyManufacturingMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_CollaborationArrangementIncludingArrangementsWithAffiliateMember" abstract="true" name="CollaborationArrangementIncludingArrangementsWithAffiliateMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_LicenseAndRoyaltyMember" abstract="true" name="LicenseAndRoyaltyMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_MerckMember" abstract="true" name="MerckMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_RecordatiS.p.AMember" abstract="true" name="RecordatiS.p.AMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_BlackstoneLifeSciencesBlackstoneMember" abstract="true" name="BlackstoneLifeSciencesBlackstoneMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ProceedsFromOptionExerciseFee" abstract="false" name="ProceedsFromOptionExerciseFee" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_RecoveryOfCostsCapitalExpenditures" abstract="false" name="RecoveryOfCostsCapitalExpenditures" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_CollaborativeArrangementRightsAndObligationsMaximumAggregateMilestonePayments" abstract="false" name="CollaborativeArrangementRightsAndObligationsMaximumAggregateMilestonePayments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_COVIDVaccineMember" abstract="true" name="COVIDVaccineMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_MNEXSPIKEVaccineMember" abstract="true" name="MNEXSPIKEVaccineMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_RSVVaccineMember" abstract="true" name="RSVVaccineMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_InventoryShelfLife" abstract="false" name="InventoryShelfLife" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_FinancingRightOfUseAssetMember" abstract="true" name="FinancingRightOfUseAssetMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AccountsReceivableChargebacksDiscountsAndFees" abstract="false" name="AccountsReceivableChargebacksDiscountsAndFees" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_OtherPrepaidExpenseMaterialsAndSupplies" abstract="false" name="OtherPrepaidExpenseMaterialsAndSupplies" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_GrantReceivableResearchAndDevelopmentCurrent" abstract="false" name="GrantReceivableResearchAndDevelopmentCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_CollaborationReceivableCurrent" abstract="false" name="CollaborationReceivableCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ArbutusBiopharmaCorporationArbutusAndGenevantSciencesGmbHGenevantMember" abstract="true" name="ArbutusBiopharmaCorporationArbutusAndGenevantSciencesGmbHGenevantMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DownpaymentsAndPrepaymentsNoncurrent" abstract="false" name="DownpaymentsAndPrepaymentsNoncurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AccruedManufacturing" abstract="false" name="AccruedManufacturing" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AccruedDevelopmentOperation" abstract="false" name="AccruedDevelopmentOperation" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AccruedOtherExternalGoodsAndServicesCurrent" abstract="false" name="AccruedOtherExternalGoodsAndServicesCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_RawMaterialsAccountsPayable" abstract="false" name="RawMaterialsAccountsPayable" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AccruedClinicalTrials" abstract="false" name="AccruedClinicalTrials" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AccruedPropertyAndEquipmentCurrent" abstract="false" name="AccruedPropertyAndEquipmentCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AccruedCommercial" abstract="false" name="AccruedCommercial" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_LegalContingencyFutureFirmPurchaseCommitments" abstract="false" name="LegalContingencyFutureFirmPurchaseCommitments" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ReimbursementLiabilityCurrent" abstract="false" name="ReimbursementLiabilityCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_CollaborationLiabilityCurrent" abstract="false" name="CollaborationLiabilityCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ResearchAndDevelopmentLiabilityCurrent" abstract="false" name="ResearchAndDevelopmentLiabilityCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityTable" abstract="true" name="ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityTable" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityLineItems" abstract="true" name="ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityLineItems" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ChangeInContractwithCustomerLiabilityRollForward" abstract="true" name="ChangeInContractwithCustomerLiabilityRollForward" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductionsDuringPeriod" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityDeductionsDuringPeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_CambridgeMassachusettsMember" abstract="true" name="CambridgeMassachusettsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_LesseeOperatingLeaseNumberOfExtensions" abstract="false" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseNumberOfExtensions" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_OperatingAndFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" abstract="false" name="OperatingAndFinanceLeaseRightOfUseAsset" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_OperatingAndFinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent" abstract="false" name="OperatingAndFinanceLeaseLiabilityCurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_OperatingAndFinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" abstract="false" name="OperatingAndFinanceLeaseLiabilityNoncurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_OperatingAndFinanceLeaseLiability" abstract="false" name="OperatingAndFinanceLeaseLiability" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidAfterYearFour" abstract="false" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityToBePaidAfterYearFour" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_FinanceLeaseLiabilityToBePaidAfterYearFour" abstract="false" name="FinanceLeaseLiabilityToBePaidAfterYearFour" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_InitialTermLoanMember" abstract="true" name="InitialTermLoanMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DelayedDrawTermLoanFacilityMember" abstract="true" name="DelayedDrawTermLoanFacilityMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DelayedDrawTermLoanFacility1Member" abstract="true" name="DelayedDrawTermLoanFacility1Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DelayedDrawTermLoanFacility2Member" abstract="true" name="DelayedDrawTermLoanFacility2Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_TermSecuredOvernightFinancingRatePlusMember" abstract="true" name="TermSecuredOvernightFinancingRatePlusMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceScenarioAxis" abstract="true" name="DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceScenarioAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceScenarioDomain" abstract="true" name="DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceScenarioDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_CovenantComplianceScenario1Member" abstract="true" name="CovenantComplianceScenario1Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_CovenantComplianceScenario2Member" abstract="true" name="CovenantComplianceScenario2Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceMinimumCashAndCashEquivalents" abstract="false" name="DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceMinimumCashAndCashEquivalents" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceAverageMarketCapitalizationTrailingPeriod" abstract="false" name="DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceAverageMarketCapitalizationTrailingPeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceAverageMarketCapitalization" abstract="false" name="DebtInstrumentCovenantComplianceAverageMarketCapitalization" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_GlaxoSmithKlineBiologicalsMember" abstract="true" name="GlaxoSmithKlineBiologicalsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_NationalInstituteOfAllergyAndInfectiousDiseasesMemberMember" abstract="true" name="NationalInstituteOfAllergyAndInfectiousDiseasesMemberMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_PerformanceStockUnitMember" abstract="true" name="PerformanceStockUnitMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_A2022RepurchaseProgramMember" abstract="true" name="A2022RepurchaseProgramMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_StephaneBancelMember" abstract="true" name="StephaneBancelMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_StephaneBancelNovemberPlanMember" abstract="true" name="StephaneBancelNovemberPlanMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_StephaneBancelMayPlanMember" abstract="true" name="StephaneBancelMayPlanMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_StephenHogeMember" abstract="true" name="StephenHogeMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_AbbasHussainMember" abstract="true" name="AbbasHussainMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_JamesMockMember" abstract="true" name="JamesMockMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_MockPlanCommonStockMember" abstract="true" name="MockPlanCommonStockMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_MockPlanVestedStockOptionsMember" abstract="true" name="MockPlanVestedStockOptionsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mrna_ShannonKlingerMember" abstract="true" name="ShannonKlingerMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
