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| REVENUES | REVENUES The following table disaggregates revenue by major source (in millions):
New Electric Vehicles New EV revenues are primarily derived from the sale of consumer and commercial EVs. Revenue from the sale of EVs is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, which generally occurs upon delivery. Revenue from the sale of Electric Delivery Vans (“EDVs”) is recognized in accordance with a bill and hold arrangement, under which revenue is recognized when risk of ownership has been transferred to the customer, but pick-up is delayed at the request of the customer. In such cases, the Company does not have the ability to sell the EDVs to another customer, and they are separately identified as belonging to and ready for pick-up by the customer. Payment for EV sales is typically received at or prior to delivery or according to payment terms customary to the business. Sales tax is excluded from the measurement of the transaction price. The Company’s revenues from new EV sales to Chase Bank, with Chase Bank entering into leasing arrangements with consumers for purchased vehicles, were approximately 45% and 9% of the Company‘s total revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively, and approximately 40% and 9% of the Company’s total revenues during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively. The Company has an obligation to share a portion of the difference between the residual value realized by Chase Bank at the end of the lease term and the residual value determined at lease inception. This obligation is recorded upon delivery of vehicles to Chase Bank as an RVRS liability in “Other non- current liabilities” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The RVRS liability is recorded as a reduction to the transaction price and is estimated at the amount the Company is expected to pay to Chase Bank at the end of the lease term. The estimate is based on third-party residual value publications and estimated future prices. While the Company re-evaluates the adequacy of the RVRS liability on a regular basis and makes revisions when necessary, the estimate is inherently uncertain, especially given the limited history of Rivian leases, and more historical experience or updates to benchmarks and projections may cause changes to the RVRS liability in the future. As of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2026 the RVRS liability was not material. The standalone selling prices of performance obligations are estimated by considering costs to develop and deliver the good or service, third-party pricing of similar goods or services, and other available information. The transaction price is allocated among performance obligations in proportion to their standalone selling prices. Regulatory Credits The Company generates tradable credits from various regulatory standards, including standards related to zero-emission vehicles (“ZEVs”), greenhouse gas, fuel economy, and clean fuel in the United States and Canada. The Company sells regulatory credits to third parties and revenue, including from contract modifications, is recognized at the point in time that control of the regulatory credits is transferred to the purchasing party or upon completion of all performance obligations. Payment is typically received within one quarter or less of transfer of control of the credits to the customer. Many of the programs governing such tradable credits have been or may be modified or are being phased out, and the Company‘s ability to continue earning and selling the corresponding credits is uncertain at this time. Software and Services Software and services revenues consist primarily of services provided by the Joint Venture to further develop, customize, and enhance Rivian’s vehicle electrical architecture technology and software for use in the customer’s future vehicle programs, sales of vehicle trade-ins and pre-owned Rivian EVs (“remarketing”), and vehicle repair and maintenance services. Remarketing revenue is recognized at the point in time when vehicle title and risk of loss transfer to the customer. Revenues for vehicle repair and maintenance services are recognized over time as services are provided. The Joint Venture recognizes revenue over time for its combined performance obligation to further develop, customize, and enhance Rivian’s vehicle electrical architecture technology and software for use in the customer’s future vehicle programs, which will be fully satisfied when the vehicle electrical architecture technology and software promised to the customer is completed. The amount of revenue recognized over time includes ongoing payments to fund the Joint Venture’s development services, as well as the following consideration transferred by the customer: •$1,295 million received in November 2024 for a license of intellectual property related to Rivian’s existing vehicle electrical architecture and software technology, •$250 million received in June 2025 for the achievement of the Financial Milestone, •$210 million to be received no later than January 3, 2028 as part of the Start of Production Milestone payment, and •$201 million in noncash consideration paid by Volkswagen Group in the form of a loan commitment (see Note 8 "Debt"). The majority of the foregoing consideration transferred by the customer is included in the Company’s deferred revenues as of June 30, 2026, which the Company expects to recognize as revenue through approximately mid-2028, with the amount of revenue recognized each period expected to be relatively consistent over time given the Joint Venture’s steady progress toward satisfaction of the combined performance obligation. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s expectations could change over time according to changes in the pattern of progress, and as a result the pattern of revenue recognized could be adjusted over time and ultimately differ from current expectations. The Company recognized revenues of $182 million and $308 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively, and $349 million and $590 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively, for the combined performance obligation with Volkswagen Group, a related party of the Company. As of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2026, the uncollected amounts related to these revenues in “Accounts receivable, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were $328 million and not material, respectively. Payment for vehicle electrical architecture and software development services is generally due in advance. Payment for remarketing and vehicle repair and maintenance services is typically received when control transfers to the customer or due in accordance with payment terms customary to the business. Deferred Revenues The Company recognizes deferred revenues when payments are received or due before the related performance obligation is satisfied. The Company’s deferred revenues are primarily the result of consideration received in advance for the Joint Venture’s combined performance obligation, including ongoing payments to fund the Joint Venture’s development services which are generally recognized as revenues within 12 months of receipt, payments for EVs collected prior to delivery, generally satisfied as vehicles are delivered, extended vehicle repair and maintenance contracts, satisfied over the coverage period, and over-the-air (“OTA”) vehicle software updates which met the definition of a performance obligation until the three months ended December 31, 2025, generally satisfied over the estimated useful life of the EV. The Company’s deferred revenues exclude fully-refundable customer deposits. The following table summarizes the Company’s deferred revenues recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):
As of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2026, $1,794 million and $1,452 million, respectively, of the Company’s deferred revenues consisted of consideration received from Volkswagen Group. Refer to Note 12 “Related Party Transactions” for deferred revenues corresponding to Amazon.com, Inc. and its affiliates (“Amazon”). Deferred revenues recognized from contract liability balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2025 were $97 million and $280 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively, and $311 million and $656 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026, respectively.
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