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2026-07-30 N-1A TIDAL TRUST IV 2026-07-30 VEGASHARES AI INFERENCE ETF - FUND SUMMARY Investment Objective The VegaShares AI Inference ETF (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation. Fees and Expenses of the Fund This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. <div id="xdx_A84_eoef--AnnualFundOperatingExpensesTableTextBlock_zgqnu741oEB7"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A58_dU_zzHoMVpJVrEf" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Annual Fund Operating Expenses"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td id="xdx_98F_eoef--OperatingExpensesCaption_c20260730__20260730__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--S000106708Member_zHEsCGOgZe8h" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 90%; text-align: justify">Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)</td> <td id="xdx_497_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277594Member_zkH3FV08cr62" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eoef--ManagementFeesOverAssets_dpn_z1hN2DfHfGpg" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Management Fee(1) </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eoef--DistributionAndService12b1FeesOverAssets_dpn_zEQXQEBxj4v1" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eoef--OtherExpensesOverAssets_dpn_zZOIMmVO7aTl" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">Other Expenses(2)</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eoef--ExpensesOverAssets_dpn_zGGbVpHbBRI9" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(1) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(2) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Estimated for the current year. </td></tr> </table> Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0075 0.0000 0.0000 0.0075 Estimated for the current year. This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: <div id="xdx_A8B_eoef--ExpenseExampleWithRedemptionTableTextBlock_zqAxnIGt2qHh"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A50_dU_zORt6MJN1q01" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; width: 60%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: auto" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Expense Example"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td id="xdx_48B_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear01_zskfXgkfLWw1" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">1 Year</td> <td id="xdx_48F_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear03_z1ucsPSZUYxd" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">3 Years</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_411_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277594Member_zSQHKJjYvFn6" style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$77</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$240</td></tr> </table> 77 240 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available. Principal Investment Strategies Overview The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks capital appreciation by investing, directly or indirectly, in a portfolio of equity securities based on the BITA AI Inference Global Index (the “Index”). The Index includes global publicly listed equity companies that generate significant revenue from the hardware, software and infrastructure required to execute trained artificial intelligence (“AI”) models in production environments (“AI inference companies”). The Fund will not replicate the Index, as the Fund’s investment sub-adviser, Vega Capital Partners, LLC (“Vega” or the “Sub-Adviser”), exercises investment discretion in constructing the Fund’s investment portfolio. For example, Vega: (i) determines whether, in its judgement, it is more favorable to the Fund for it to invest directly or synthetically in each security in the Index; (ii) reallocates the Fund’s portfolio holdings more frequently than the Index is rebalanced, when Vega believes doing so is in the Fund’s interest; and (iii) to the extent required for the Fund’s portfolio to comply with relevant regulatory requirements, invests in securities not currently included in the Index. In addition, the Fund will maintain an allocation to cash and/or U.S. Treasuries. While the Index’s methodology serves as the primary basis for the Fund’s portfolio construction and the identification of AI inference companies, the Sub-Adviser will actively manage the Fund and may select for investment companies that it independently determines fall within the category of AI inference companies. The Sub-Adviser may buy or sell securities not yet included in, or not yet removed from, as the case may be, the Index prior to the Index’s rebalancing and reconstitution. Generally, the Sub-Adviser will use the Index’s criteria to guide its decisions. If the Sub-Adviser receives new information about an existing portfolio security or an emerging AI inference company after the Index’s last rebalancing and reconstitution, it has the discretion to trade those securities before the next Index rebalancing and reconstitution. For example, the Sub-Adviser may identify negative issues with a company’s outlook or potential opportunities to add new holdings. To further the example, the Fund may sell portfolio holdings of a company that has experienced a negative change in business circumstances (as described in the following paragraph) or invest in a company that is entering into the AI inference ecosystem. Accordingly, there may be times when the Fund’s holdings and performance deviate significantly from those of the Index. In constructing the Fund’s portfolio, the Sub-Adviser uses the Index’s components and weighting as a baseline or starting point, then utilizes both quantitative and fundamental analysis to evaluate the following factors when assessing the purchase or sale of portfolio holdings: (i) revenue exposure to AI inference related activities, products and services; (ii) earnings growth potential; (iii) free cash flow generation; (iv) competitive positioning; (v) valuation metrics; (vi) capital expenditure trends; and (vii) adoption and monetization opportunities within AI inference related market sectors. Portfolio weightings may be adjusted based on revenue growth trends, valuation opportunities, cycle positioning, earnings revisions, or market conditions. Portfolio positions may be reduced or eliminated when the Sub-Adviser determines a negative change in business circumstances has occurred, such as, for example, if the Sub-Adviser determines valuations become excessive, a company’s fundamental outlook deteriorates, its competitive position weakens, its revenue growth slows materially, or better risk/reward opportunities emerge elsewhere in the AI inference companies ecosystem. The Fund may invest a portion of the portfolio in the equity securities of private, non-listed companies not represented in the Index that the Sub-Adviser identifies as having characteristics of AI inference companies, or substantially similar attributes. In selecting securities of such private companies, the Sub-Adviser may look for companies with businesses that are similar to companies represented in the Index, but which are late-stage private companies nearing, or preparing for, an IPO. However, the Sub-Adviser may also select similar companies that are in earlier stages of development for inclusion in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Fund Attributes Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in AI inference companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to AI inference companies. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in companies that are not included in the 80% test noted above. These investments can include equity securities and depositary receipts of issuers that are not Index constituents but that the Sub-Adviser would characterize as emerging AI inference companies, based on the Sub-Adviser’s analysis of publicly available business plans and as may be further evidenced by capital expenditures, research and development efforts and business acquisitions. This 20% of the Fund’s portfolio may also be invested in cash or cash equivalents (including money market funds). The Fund may invest in small-, medium-, and large-capitalization companies. The Fund will invest in foreign securities, including directly in securities listed on global exchanges (ordinary shares) and indirectly through ADRs. The Fund may invest in foreign securities that are located in developed and emerging markets. The Fund determines a country’s or market’s classification as a developed or emerging market based on its MSCI designation. To the extent the Index is concentrated in a particular industry, the Fund is expected to be concentrated in that industry. As of the date of this Prospectus, issuers within the semiconductors and semiconductor equipment industry represented a significant portion of the Index. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. The Fund’s strategy is expected to result in a moderate to high rate of portfolio turnover. Direct/Synthetic Investments The Fund will invest in the equity securities either directly or indirectly (synthetically) using options and swaps (as described below). The Fund will generally invest indirectly to satisfy applicable tax requirements for regulated investment companies. The Fund may utilize listed options to achieve synthetic exposure to the Fund’s portfolio securities. The Fund primarily employes short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the underlying securities, offering immediate intrinsic value). These options allow the Fund to synthetically replicate the performance of underlying securities without direct ownership. The Fund may also utilize other option strategies to achieve similar synthetic exposure, including purchasing call options and selling put options with identical strike prices. These derivatives strategies enable the Fund to respond flexibly to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreement. For additional details about the Fund’s use of operations, please refer to the section of the Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About the Fund.” In addition to options, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with financial institutions. These swap agreements are designed to synthetically replicate the performance of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio. The agreements will have specified durations, which will typically coincide with the Index’s reconstitution periods, but may range from one day to more than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) based on the performance of a particular security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount” – a predetermined dollar value representing the underlying security that the Fund seeks to replicate synthetically. Collateral In addition, the Fund will hold cash and/or short-term U.S. Treasury securities as collateral for the Fund’s derivatives transactions. The BITA AI Inference Global Index Index Overview The Index is constructed by BITA GbmH (the “Index Provider”) using a rules-based methodology that tracks the market performance of companies, listed on global stock exchanges, that derive their revenues from the AI inference ecosystem, encompassing companies that provide essential technologies and services required to deploy, optimize and run machine learning models efficiently in real-world applications. The Index’s initial universe consists of global publicly listed equity securities from companies involved in: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Specialized Chips (NPU/ASIC/TPU, FPGAs, LPUs): This includes companies that design and manufacture purpose-built semiconductors optimized for the rapid, efficient execution of AI models.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Edge AI Inference: This includes companies focused on deploying AI inference capabilities directly on localized edge devices – such as smartphone, industrial IoT sensors and autonomous vehicles.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Inference as a Service (IaaS): This cloud providers and platform developers that offer scalable, on-demand infrastructure specifically for hosting and running AI models via application programming interfaces (“APIs”).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Tiny ML & Low-Power Logic: This includes companies developing ultra-low-power microcontrollers, specialized logic circuits and highly compressed algorithmic frameworks.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">High-Speed Networking: This includes companies that supply the critical networking hardware – including advanced optical transceivers, high-bandwidth switches and specialized interconnects.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Software & Orchestration: This includes developers of the foundational software stacks, model compilers, and orchestration platforms that provide the necessary software to compress, optimize, deploy and manage AI models efficiently.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Memory: This includes companies that produce advanced, high-performance memory solutions (such as High Bandwidth Memory, or HBM) that are critical for ensuring rapid data access, preventing compute bottlenecks and minimizing latency during the AI inference process.</td></tr> </table> For more information, about the types of companies that the Index tracks, see “Additional Information About the Funds” below. The Index’s initial universe is determined by applying, among others, the following criteria: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Security Types: Includes ordinary shares and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Size: Companies must have a market capitalization of at least USD 300 million.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Liquidity: Securities must have an average daily traded value above USD 300,000 over the past 3 months.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Country and Exchange Requirements: To be eligible for inclusion, a company’s shares must be listed on one of the following stock exchanges (listed alphabetically by country): Australia (Australian Stock Exchange); Austria (Vienna Stock Exchange); Belgium (Euronext Brussels); Canada (Canadian Securities Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange, and TSX Venture Exchange); China (Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange); Denmark (Nasdaq Copenhagen); Finland (Nasdaq Helsinki); France (Euronext Paris Exchange); Germany (Deutsche Börse); Hong Kong (Hong Kong Stock Exchange); Ireland (Euronext Irish Stock Exchange); Israel (Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange); Italy (Borsa Italiana); Japan (Tokyo Stock Exchange); Netherlands (Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange); New Zealand (New Zealand Stock Exchange); Norway (Euronext Oslo Børs); Portugal (Euronext Lisbon); Singapore (Singapore Exchange); South Korea (Korea Exchange); Spain (Bolsas y Mercados Españoles); Sweden (Nasdaq Stockholm); Switzerland (SIX Swiss Exchange); Taiwan (Taiwan Stock Exchange); United Kingdom (London Stock Exchange); and United States (Nasdaq and New York Stock Exchange).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Thematic Requirement: Companies must derive at least 75% of their total revenue from at least one of the relevant themes described above or alternatively, at least 25% of their total revenue from thematic exposures spanning five (or more) of the relevant themes described above and that rank within the top five companies by absolute thematic revenue. The Index Provider evaluates each company’s thematic alignment by analyzing publicly available revenue data from multiple sources. These sources include regulatory filings (such as Annual Reports, 10-Ks, 10-Qs, 20-Fs, 8-Ks), quarterly earnings reports, investor presentations, official earnings conference call transcripts, and news.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Free Float Percentage: Securities with a free float percentage (relative to total shares outstanding) below 10% are excluded.</td></tr> </table> The Index aims to have between 10 and 100 securities, although as noted above, the Fund’s number and composition of portfolio holdings, and its performance, may deviate from that of the Index. To seek a balanced representation and prevent excessive concentration, the initial weights of all Index constituents are subject to limits: no issuer’s weight can be below 0.1% or exceed 25% of the total index weight. During weight calculations, adjustments are made to ensure all constituents meet the minimum weight requirement. If a security’s weight is below 0.1%, it is increased to meet this floor. Following this adjustment, weights are capped at 25%. In addition, the cumulative weight of all constituents representing more than 5% of the Index cannot exceed 50% of the total Index weight. Any excess weight from capped constituents is redistributed proportionately among the rest of the uncapped constituents. The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly (reconstitution means the Index is updated with new eligible companies based on current data; rebalancing means the weights of the companies in the Index are adjusted). In addition, the Index Provider may determine to substitute an Index constituent or make an extraordinary adjustment to the Index if it determines an extraordinary event has occurred. The determination date for regular adjustments (each, a “Selection Day”) occurs after market close on the third Friday of the rebalancing month. On each Selection Day, Index constituents are weighted according to their free-floating market capitalization. However, the Sub-Adviser has the discretion to adjust the Fund’s portfolio between reconstitutions. The Index is owned, calculated, administered, and disseminated by the Index Provider. The Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in AI inference companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to AI inference companies. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in the Fund. Artificial Intelligence Risk. Issuers engaged in artificial intelligence typically have high research and capital expenditures and, as a result, their profitability can vary widely, if they are profitable at all. The space in which they are engaged is highly competitive and issuers’ products and services may become obsolete very quickly. These companies are heavily dependent on intellectual property rights and may be adversely affected by loss or impairment of those rights. The issuers are also subject to legal, regulatory and political changes that may have a large impact on their profitability. A failure in an issuer’s product or even questions about the safety of the product could be devastating to the issuer, especially if it is the marquee product of the issuer. It can be difficult to accurately capture what qualifies as an artificial intelligence company. Equity Market Risk. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks: Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. For the Fund in particular, the value of the options contracts in which it invests are substantially influenced by the value of the relevant Underlying Securities. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the values of options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund may continuously maintain indirect exposure to one or more of the underlying securities through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities. If an underlying security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund could be forced to invest directly in the underlying security at a potentially unfavorable time. Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy. Sector and Industry Risks. <div id="xdx_A89_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SemiconductorsAndSemiconductorEquipmentIndustryRiskMember_zz3rGRUYS0h5"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risk. Semiconductor companies may face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, and such competition may have an adverse effect on their profit margins. Semiconductor companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. Semiconductor companies’ supply chain and operations are dependent on the availability of materials that meet exacting standards and the use of third parties to provide components and services. Semiconductor companies may rely on a limited number of suppliers, or upon suppliers in a single location, for certain materials, equipment or tools. Finding and qualifying alternate or additional suppliers can be a lengthy process that can cause production delays or impose unforeseen costs, and such alternatives may not be available at all. Production can be disrupted by the unavailability of resources, such as water, silicon, electricity, gases and other materials. Suppliers may also increase prices or encounter cybersecurity or other issues that can disrupt production or increase production costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8B_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DatacenterIndustryRiskMember_zIKYHfFMfltj"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Datacenter Industry Risk. The datacenter industry faces numerous challenges that could significantly impact the financial performance of companies operating within this sector. As technological advancements accelerate and demand for data processing and storage grows, datacenter companies must continuously upgrade infrastructure and expand capacity, leading to high capital expenditures and increased operational costs. The highly competitive nature of the industry often results in aggressive pricing strategies that compress profit margins. Additionally, fluctuations in demand for data services, driven by economic conditions and shifts in technology trends, can lead to under-utilization of capacity, negatively affecting revenue streams and overall profitability. Furthermore, companies must navigate complex regulatory environments and manage significant energy consumption and environmental impact, adding to operational burdens and costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A87_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--InformationTechnologySectorRiskMember_zogNHvNWESEl"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in internet software and services, technology hardware and storage peripherals, electronic equipment instruments and components, and semiconductors and semiconductor equipment, among other things. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face rapid product obsolescence due to technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Failure to introduce new products, develop and maintain a loyal customer base, or achieve general market acceptance for their products could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on intellectual property and the loss of patent, copyright and trademark protections may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.</td></tr> </table> Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in securities or other instruments of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies. Financial markets in foreign countries often are not as developed, efficient, or liquid as financial markets in the United States, and therefore, the prices of non-U.S. securities and instruments can be more volatile. In addition, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign countries, which may include the imposition of economic sanctions. Generally, there is less readily available and reliable information about non-U.S. issuers due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards and regulatory practices. Investments in foreign companies’ securities, including investments via depositary receipts, are subject to special risks, including the following: <div id="xdx_A83_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DevelopedMarketsRiskMember_zU3xQRujuYMl"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Developed Markets Risk. Many developed market countries have heavy indebtedness, which may lead downward pressure on the economies of these countries. As a result, it is possible that interest rates on debt of certain developed countries may rise to levels that make it difficult for such countries to service high debt levels without significant help from other countries or from a central bank. Developed market countries generally are dependent on the economies of certain key trading partners. Changes in any one economy may cause an adverse impact on several developed countries.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A89_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--EmergingMarketsRiskMember_zYt6s1uhni7c"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td>Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled or headquartered in emerging market nations. Investments in securities traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, currency or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affecting the trading market and price for Fund Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value. </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A84_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--CurrencyRiskMember_znpNcFzyj37j"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Currency Risk. Changes in currency exchange rates can negatively affect securities denominated in and/or receiving revenues in foreign currencies. Adverse changes in currency exchange rates (relative to the U.S. dollar) may erode or reverse any potential gains from the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency or may widen existing losses. The liquidity and trading value of foreign currencies could be affected by global economic factors, such as inflation, interest rate levels, and trade balances among countries, as well as the actions of sovereign governments and central banks.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8D_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DepositaryReceiptRiskMember_z2M1ogySJvz6"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities and give rise to certain additional risks. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (Underlying Shares). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A87_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--ChinaRiskMember_z9yt2HIgJ7ja"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="text-align: center; width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">China Risk. The Fund’s exposure AI inference companies may subject it to risks specific to China. China may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability. China is an emerging market and demonstrates significantly higher volatility from time to time in comparison to developed markets. Over the last few decades, the Chinese government has undertaken reform of economic and market practices and has expanded the sphere of private ownership of property in China. However, Chinese markets generally continue to experience inefficiency, volatility and pricing anomalies resulting from governmental influence, a lack of publicly available information and/or political and social instability. Chinese companies are also subject to the risk that Chinese authorities can intervene in their operations and structure. Internal social unrest or confrontations with neighboring countries, including military conflicts in response to such events, may also disrupt economic development in China and result in a greater risk of currency fluctuations, currency non-convertibility, interest rate fluctuations and higher rates of inflation. China is alleged to have participated in state-sponsored cyberattacks against foreign companies and foreign governments. Actual and threatened responses to such activity and strained international relations, including purchasing restrictions, sanctions, tariffs or cyberattacks on the Chinese government or Chinese companies, may impact China’s economy and Chinese issuers of securities, Incidents involving China’s or the region’s security may cause uncertainty in Chinese markets and may adversely affect the Chinese economy and the Fund’s investments. Export growth continues to be a major driver of China’s rapid economic growth. Reduction in spending on Chinese products and services, supply chain diversification, institution of additional tariffs or other trade barriers (including as a result of heightened trade tensions or a trade war between China and the U.S. or in response to actual or alleged Chinese cyber activity) or a downturn in any of the economies of China’s key trading partners may have an adverse impact on the Chinese economy.</td></tr> </table> Privately Placed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in non-exchange traded, privately placed securities, including privately placed securities issued by special purpose vehicles, which are subject to liquidity and valuation risks. These risks may make it difficult for those securities to be traded or valued, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition. The market for certain non-exchange traded securities may be limited to institutional investors, subjecting such investments to further liquidity risk if a market were to limit institutional trading. There may also be less information available regarding such non-exchange traded securities than for publicly traded securities, which may make it more difficult for the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser to fully evaluate the risks of investing in such securities and as a result place the Fund’s assets at a greater risk of loss than if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser has more complete information. In addition, the issuers of non-exchange traded securities may be distressed, insolvent, or delinquent in filing information needed to be listed on an exchange. Disposing of non-exchange traded securities, including privately placed securities, may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible. Securities purchased in private placements may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. Index-Linked Strategy Risk. The Fund’s strategy, though not passively replicating an Index, is linked to an Index maintained by the Index Provider that exercises complete control over the Index. The Index Provider may delay or add a rebalance date, which may adversely impact the performance of the Fund and its correlation to the Index. In addition, there is no guarantee that the methodology used by the Index Provider to identify constituents for the Index will achieve its intended result or positive performance. Errors in Index data, Index computations or the construction of the Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund. High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s strategy is linked to an Index that is expected to have a high portfolio turnover rate. As a result, the Fund is likewise expected to frequently trade all or a significant portion of the securities in its portfolio. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains. Models and Data Risk. The composition of the Fund’s portfolio is heavily dependent on investment models developed by the Sub-Adviser as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities from the Fund’s portfolio that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. Errors in programming, data entry, system compatibility, or database integrity can result in the unintended inclusion or exclusion of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Such errors, whether due to human or technological factors, could induce the Sub-Adviser to make investment choices that would not have been made with accurate and complete information, potentially leading to losses or missed gains for the Fund. Active Management Risk. The Sub-Adviser will actively monitor the Fund’s holdings and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. In addition, while the Fund seeks to achieve returns similar to those of the Index, there may be periods of time where the Fund’s holdings, and therefore its performance, deviate significantly from the holdings and performance of the Index Tracking Error Risk. The performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the instruments comprising the Index at all times or may hold positions not included in the Index. Unrelated Business Risk. Many of the companies in which the Fund will invest have other business lines unrelated to one of the thematic categories. These other lines of business could adversely affect those firms’ operating results and, in turn, hurt the Fund’s performance. The operating results of companies with other business lines may fluctuate independently of the fluctuations in the relevant thematic category businesses. In addition, a particular company’s ability to engage in new business activities may expose it to additional risks for which it has less experience than its existing business lines. Despite a company’s possible success in activities linked to its use or one or more thematic categories, there can be no assurance that its other lines of business will not adversely affect the company’s business, financial condition, or market value. In addition, a particular company’s unrelated business may impact the Fund’s investment returns and it may be difficult to isolate thematic category-related returns from other return sources. Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent the Index is so concentrated. In such an event, the value of the Fund’s Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that are invested in securities or financial instruments of companies that encompass a broader range of industries. Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets. ETF Risks. <p id="xdx_A89_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--AuthorizedParticipantsMarketMakersAndLiquidityProvidersConcentrationRiskMember_zLPpbhn3C7Oe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. <p id="xdx_A8D_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SharesMayTradeAtPricesOtherThanNavMember_zq2Mvu1AY7Fi" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing. Market Capitalization Risk. <div id="xdx_A8F_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--LargecapitalizationInvestingMember_zDC4Zi29TeAd"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.</td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A84_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--MidcapitalizationInvestingMember_zzzr8qGd8ozk"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Mid-Capitalization Investing. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.</td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8F_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SmallcapitalizationInvestingMember_zT3QFpZMIjbg"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Small-Capitalization Investing. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities or large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. Newer Sub-Adviser Risk. The Sub-Adviser is newly registered with the SEC and has limited experience with managing an exchange-traded fund regulated under the 1940 Act, which may limit the Sub-Adviser’s effectiveness. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Fund’s intended investment objective. Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks. U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so. Performance Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.VegaSharesETFs.com. Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. www.VegaSharesETFs.com VEGASHARES AI ADVANCED MATERIALS ETF - FUND SUMMARY Investment Objective The VegaShares AI Advanced Materials ETF (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation. Fees and Expenses of the Fund This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. <div id="xdx_A86_eoef--AnnualFundOperatingExpensesTableTextBlock_zPBmwS18xCQ3"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A54_dU_zycSshHpQe3c" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Annual Fund Operating Expenses"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td id="xdx_98F_eoef--OperatingExpensesCaption_c20260730__20260730__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--S000106709Member_zAN4mkuHRyah" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 90%; text-align: justify">Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)</td> <td id="xdx_497_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277595Member_zZHxpOAYLJNg" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eoef--ManagementFeesOverAssets_dpn_zZQeaffuziQh" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Management Fee(1) </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eoef--DistributionAndService12b1FeesOverAssets_dpn_zSk9A89LN7v5" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eoef--OtherExpensesOverAssets_dpn_ztz0qPcu3LPb" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">Other Expenses(2)</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eoef--ExpensesOverAssets_dpn_zONbvN4gyxZh" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(1) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(2) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Estimated for the current year. </td></tr> </table> Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0075 0.0000 0.0000 0.0075 Estimated for the current year. This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: <div id="xdx_A81_eoef--ExpenseExampleWithRedemptionTableTextBlock_z0lZVCLaPg49"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A54_dU_zPwj7XXbJAhe" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; width: 60%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: auto" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Expense Example"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td id="xdx_48C_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear01_zfWQvDrQcoEd" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">1 Year</td> <td id="xdx_486_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear03_zalk7FpnIi66" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">3 Years</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_411_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277595Member_z5NmqMy5mKwa" style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$77</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$240</td></tr> </table> 77 240 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available. Principal Investment Strategies Overview The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks capital appreciation by investing, directly or indirectly, in a portfolio of equity securities based on the BITA AI Advanced Materials Global Index (the “Index”). The Index includes global publicly listed companies that generate significant revenue from the extraction, refining, or transformation of metals and advanced materials that are essential to and directly demanded by the build-out of artificial intelligence (“AI”) infrastructure (“AI advanced materials companies”), including the manufacturing of advanced AI chips, powering of high-density data centers, and the enabling of high-speed connectivity. The Fund will not replicate the Index, as the Fund’s investment sub-adviser, Vega Capital Partners, LLC (“Vega” or the “Sub-Adviser”), exercises investment discretion in constructing the Fund’s investment portfolio. For example, Vega: (i) determines whether, in its judgement, it is more favorable to the Fund for it to invest directly or synthetically in each security in the Index; (ii) reallocates the Fund’s portfolio holdings more frequently than the Index is rebalanced, when Vega believes doing so is in the Fund’s interest; and (iii) to the extent required for the Fund’s portfolio to comply with relevant regulatory requirements, invests in securities not currently included in the Index. In addition, the Fund will maintain an allocation to cash and/or U.S. Treasuries. While the Index’s methodology serves as the primary basis for the Fund’s portfolio construction and the identification of AI advanced materials companies, the Sub-Adviser will actively manage the Fund and may select for investment companies that it independently determines fall within the category of AI advanced materials companies. The Sub-Adviser may buy or sell securities not yet included in, or not yet removed from, as the case may be, the Index prior to the Index’s rebalancing and reconstitution. Generally, the Sub-Adviser will use the Index’s criteria to guide its decisions. If the Sub-Adviser receives new information about an existing portfolio security or an emerging AI advanced materials company after the Index’s last rebalancing and reconstitution, it has the discretion to trade those securities before the next Index rebalancing and reconstitution. For example, the Sub-Adviser may identify negative issues with a company’s outlook or potential opportunities to add new holdings. To further the example, the Fund may sell portfolio holdings of a company that has experienced a negative change in business circumstances (as described in the following paragraph) or invest in a company that is entering into the AI advanced and materials ecosystem. Accordingly, there may be times when the Fund’s holdings and performance deviate significantly from those of the Index. In constructing the Fund’s portfolio, the Sub-Adviser uses the Index’s components and weighting as a baseline or starting point, then utilizes both quantitative and fundamental analysis to evaluate the following factors when assessing the purchase or sale of portfolio holdings: (i) revenue exposure to AI advanced materials related activities, products and services; (ii) earnings growth potential; (iii) free cash flow generation; (iv) competitive positioning; (v) valuation metrics; (vi) capital expenditure trends; and (vii) adoption and monetization opportunities within AI advanced materials related market sectors. Portfolio weightings may be adjusted based on revenue growth trends, valuation opportunities, cycle positioning, earnings revisions, or market conditions. Portfolio positions may be reduced or eliminated when the Sub-Adviser determines a negative change in business circumstances has occurred, such as, for example, if the Sub-Adviser determines valuations become excessive, a company’s fundamental outlook deteriorates, its competitive position weakens, its revenue growth slows materially, or better risk/reward opportunities emerge elsewhere in the AI advanced materials companies ecosystem. The Fund may invest a portion of the portfolio in the equity securities of private, non-listed companies not represented in the Index that the Sub-Adviser identifies as having characteristics of AI advanced materials companies, or substantially similar attributes. In selecting securities of such private companies, the Sub-Adviser may look for companies with businesses that are similar to companies represented in the Index, but which are late-stage private companies nearing, or preparing for, an IPO. However, the Sub-Adviser may also select similar companies that are in earlier stages of development for inclusion in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Fund Attributes Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in AI advanced materials companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to AI advanced materials companies. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in companies that are not included in the 80% test noted above. These investments can include equity securities and depositary receipts of issuers that are not Index constituents but that the Sub-Adviser would characterize as emerging AI advanced materials companies, based on the Sub-Adviser’s analysis of publicly available business plans and as may be further evidenced by capital expenditures, research and development efforts and business acquisitions. This 20% of the Fund’s portfolio may also be invested in cash or cash equivalents (including money market funds). The Fund may invest in small-, medium-, and large-capitalization companies. The Fund will invest in foreign securities, including directly in securities listed on global exchanges (ordinary shares) and indirectly through ADRs. The Fund may invest in foreign securities that are located in developed and emerging markets. The Fund determines a country’s or market’s classification as a developed or emerging market based on its MSCI designation. To the extent the Index is concentrated in a particular industry, the Fund is expected to be concentrated in that industry. As of the date of this Prospectus, issuers within the metals and mining industry represented a significant portion of the Index. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. The Fund’s strategy is expected to result in a moderate to high rate of portfolio turnover. Direct/Synthetic Investments The Fund will invest in the equity securities either directly or indirectly (synthetically) using options and swaps (as described below). The Fund will generally invest indirectly to satisfy applicable tax requirements for regulated investment companies. The Fund may utilize listed options to achieve synthetic exposure to the Fund’s portfolio securities. The Fund primarily employes short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the underlying securities, offering immediate intrinsic value). These options allow the Fund to synthetically replicate the performance of underlying securities without direct ownership. The Fund may also utilize other option strategies to achieve similar synthetic exposure, including purchasing call options and selling put options with identical strike prices. These derivatives strategies enable the Fund to respond flexibly to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreement. For additional details about the Fund’s use of operations, please refer to the section of the Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About the Fund.” In addition to options, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with financial institutions. These swap agreements are designed to synthetically replicate the performance of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio. The agreements will have specified durations, which will typically coincide with the Index’s reconstitution periods, but may range from one day to more than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) based on the performance of a particular security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount” – a predetermined dollar value representing the underlying security that the Fund seeks to replicate synthetically. Collateral In addition, the Fund will hold cash and/or short-term U.S. Treasury securities as collateral for the Fund’s derivatives transactions. The BITA AI Advanced Materials Global Index Index Overview The Index is constructed by BITA GbmH (the “Index Provider”) using a rules-based methodology that tracks the market performance of companies, listed on global stock exchanges, that derive their revenues from extraction, refining, or transformation of materials that are essential, non-substitutable, and directly demanded by the build-out of AI infrastructure, including companies that mine, refine, and engineer the raw materials, specialty metals, and advanced substrates required to physically build and power AI hardware and data center infrastructure. The Index’s initial universe consists of globally listed equity securities from companies involved in: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Materials for Power Transmission & Thermal: This includes materials, such as copper and silver, essential for the physical delivery of electricity and heat dissipation within AI data centers and high-performance computing clusters.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Semiconductor Substrates: This includes the physical foundation materials for AI computer chips and power semiconductors, including silicon (ultra-pure) and gallium.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Materials for Energy Storage & Backup: This includes materials used in uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) and short-duration backup storage that protect AI data centers from grid fluctuations and outages, including lithium and lithium iron phosphate.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Materials for Precision Magnetics: This includes rare-earth elements used in high-strength permanent magnets that enable ultra-precision motion control in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, including Neodymium and Praseodymium (together, “NdPr”), which are alloyed to produce the strongest commercially available permanent magnets.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Emerging Materials: This includes advanced materials that are not yet commercially scaled for AI infrastructure but have demonstrated transformative potential in laboratory or pilot environments for critical AI applications such as ultra-fast computing, thermal management, or next-generation chip interconnects. Materials included are graphene, carbon nanotubes, synthetic graphite, and germanium.</td></tr> </table> For more information, about the types of companies that the Index tracks, see “Additional Information About the Funds” below. The Index’s initial universe is determined by applying, among others, the following criteria: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Security Types: Includes ordinary shares and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Size: Companies must have a market capitalization of at least USD 300 million.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Liquidity: Securities must have an average daily traded value above USD 300,000 over the past 3 months.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Country and Exchange Requirements: To be eligible for inclusion, a company’s shares must be listed on one of the following stock exchanges (listed alphabetically by country): Australia (Australian Stock Exchange); Austria (Vienna Stock Exchange); Belgium (Euronext Brussels); Canada (Canadian Securities Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange, and TSX Venture Exchange); China (Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange); Denmark (Nasdaq Copenhagen); Finland (Nasdaq Helsinki); France (Euronext Paris Exchange); Germany (Deutsche Börse); Hong Kong (Hong Kong Stock Exchange); Ireland (Euronext Irish Stock Exchange); Israel (Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange); Italy (Borsa Italiana); Japan (Tokyo Stock Exchange); Netherlands (Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange); New Zealand (New Zealand Stock Exchange); Norway (Euronext Oslo Børs); Portugal (Euronext Lisbon); Singapore (Singapore Exchange); South Korea (Korea Exchange); Spain (Bolsas y Mercados Españoles); Sweden (Nasdaq Stockholm); Switzerland (SIX Swiss Exchange); Taiwan (Taiwan Stock Exchange); United Kingdom (London Stock Exchange); and United States (Nasdaq and New York Stock Exchange).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Thematic Requirement: Companies must derive at least 50% of their revenue from the relevant themes described above. The Index Provider evaluates each company’s thematic alignment by analyzing publicly available revenue data from multiple sources. These sources include regulatory filings (such as Annual Reports, 10-Ks, 10-Qs, 20-Fs, 8-Ks), quarterly earnings reports, investor presentations, official earnings conference call transcripts, and news.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Free Float Percentage: Securities with a free float percentage (relative to total shares outstanding) below 10% are excluded.</td></tr> </table> The Index aims to have between 10 and 100 securities, although as noted above, the Fund’s number and composition of portfolio holdings, and its performance, may deviate from that of the Index. To seek a balanced representation and prevent excessive concentration, the initial weights of all Index constituents are subject to limits: no issuer’s weight can be below 0.1% or exceed 25% of the total index weight. During weight calculations, adjustments are made to ensure all constituents meet the minimum weight requirement. If a security’s weight is below 0.1%, it is increased to meet this floor. Following this adjustment, weights are capped at 25%. In addition, the cumulative weight of all constituents representing more than 5% of the Index cannot exceed 50% of the total Index weight. Any excess weight from capped constituents is redistributed proportionately among the rest of the uncapped constituents. The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly (reconstitution means the Index is updated with new eligible companies based on current data; rebalancing means the weights of the companies in the Index are adjusted). In addition, the Index Provider may determine to substitute an Index constituent or make an extraordinary adjustment to the Index if it determines an extraordinary event has occurred. The determination date for regular adjustments (each, a “Selection Day”) occurs after market close on the third Friday of the rebalancing month. On each Selection Day, Index constituents are weighted according to their free-floating market capitalization. However, the Sub-Adviser has the discretion to adjust the Fund’s portfolio between reconstitutions. The Index is owned, calculated, administered, and disseminated by the Index Provider. The Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in AI advanced materials companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to AI advanced materials companies. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in the Fund. Artificial Intelligence Risk. Issuers engaged in artificial intelligence typically have high research and capital expenditures and, as a result, their profitability can vary widely, if they are profitable at all. The space in which they are engaged is highly competitive and issuers’ products and services may become obsolete very quickly. These companies are heavily dependent on intellectual property rights and may be adversely affected by loss or impairment of those rights. The issuers are also subject to legal, regulatory and political changes that may have a large impact on their profitability. A failure in an issuer’s product or even questions about the safety of the product could be devastating to the issuer, especially if it is the marquee product of the issuer. It can be difficult to accurately capture what qualifies as an artificial intelligence company. Equity Market Risk. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks: Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. For the Fund in particular, the value of the options contracts in which it invests are substantially influenced by the value of the relevant Underlying Securities. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the values of options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund may continuously maintain indirect exposure to one or more of the underlying securities through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities. If an underlying security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund could be forced to invest directly in the underlying security at a potentially unfavorable time. Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy. Sector and Industry Risks. <div id="xdx_A8A_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SemiconductorsAndSemiconductorEquipmentIndustryRiskMember_zQkIosG3b4Ma"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risk. Semiconductor companies may face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, and such competition may have an adverse effect on their profit margins. Semiconductor companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. Semiconductor companies’ supply chain and operations are dependent on the availability of materials that meet exacting standards and the use of third parties to provide components and services. Semiconductor companies may rely on a limited number of suppliers, or upon suppliers in a single location, for certain materials, equipment or tools. Finding and qualifying alternate or additional suppliers can be a lengthy process that can cause production delays or impose unforeseen costs, and such alternatives may not be available at all. Production can be disrupted by the unavailability of resources, such as water, silicon, electricity, gases and other materials. Suppliers may also increase prices or encounter cybersecurity or other issues that can disrupt production or increase production costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A83_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DatacenterIndustryRiskMember_z0TX9cIUgmS1"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Datacenter Industry Risk. The datacenter industry faces numerous challenges that could significantly impact the financial performance of companies operating within this sector. As technological advancements accelerate and demand for data processing and storage grows, datacenter companies must continuously upgrade infrastructure and expand capacity, leading to high capital expenditures and increased operational costs. The highly competitive nature of the industry often results in aggressive pricing strategies that compress profit margins. Additionally, fluctuations in demand for data services, driven by economic conditions and shifts in technology trends, can lead to under-utilization of capacity, negatively affecting revenue streams and overall profitability. Furthermore, companies must navigate complex regulatory environments and manage significant energy consumption and environmental impact, adding to operational burdens and costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8F_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--InformationTechnologySectorRiskMember_zDd1pqmb63p1"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td>Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in internet software and services, technology hardware and storage peripherals, electronic equipment instruments and components, and semiconductors and semiconductor equipment, among other things. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face rapid product obsolescence due to technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Failure to introduce new products, develop and maintain a loyal customer base, or achieve general market acceptance for their products could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on intellectual property and the loss of patent, copyright and trademark protections may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A82_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--StrategicMetalsAndMiningIndustryRiskMember_zBl0i2eSVdIk"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Strategic Metals & Mining Industry Risk. Companies involved in the exploration, extraction, processing, refinement, or production of precious metals, base metals, rare earth elements, and related strategic minerals are highly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices and global supply-and-demand dynamics. These industries are cyclical and may be adversely affected by changes in economic conditions, industrial activity, technological substitution, trade policies, export or import restrictions, and geopolitical developments in resource-producing regions. Mining operations are subject to significant operational risks, including geological uncertainties, reserve depletion, labor disputes, environmental liabilities, and disruptions caused by weather, natural disasters, or equipment failures. Companies engaged in rare earth and critical mineral production may face concentration risk due to limited global suppliers, political control over key resources, and supply-chain bottlenecks affecting refining and separation capacity. Processing and refining companies may be affected by technological change, energy price volatility, and changes in end-market demand for advanced materials. These factors may negatively impact the profitability, operations, and valuations of companies in the strategic metals and mining industries and may result in increased volatility relative to the broader equity market. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in securities or other instruments of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies. Financial markets in foreign countries often are not as developed, efficient, or liquid as financial markets in the United States, and therefore, the prices of non-U.S. securities and instruments can be more volatile. In addition, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign countries, which may include the imposition of economic sanctions. Generally, there is less readily available and reliable information about non-U.S. issuers due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards and regulatory practices. Investments in foreign companies’ securities, including investments via depositary receipts, are subject to special risks, including the following: <div id="xdx_A8C_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DevelopedMarketsRiskMember_zqJ7DzRlUBg3"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Developed Markets Risk. Many developed market countries have heavy indebtedness, which may lead downward pressure on the economies of these countries. As a result, it is possible that interest rates on debt of certain developed countries may rise to levels that make it difficult for such countries to service high debt levels without significant help from other countries or from a central bank. Developed market countries generally are dependent on the economies of certain key trading partners. Changes in any one economy may cause an adverse impact on several developed countries.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A80_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--EmergingMarketsRiskMember_z7IxBGOcpKoi"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled or headquartered in emerging market nations. Investments in securities traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, currency or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affecting the trading market and price for Fund Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8E_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--CurrencyRiskMember_z1ZAEhbWxTO5"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Currency Risk. Changes in currency exchange rates can negatively affect securities denominated in and/or receiving revenues in foreign currencies. Adverse changes in currency exchange rates (relative to the U.S. dollar) may erode or reverse any potential gains from the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency or may widen existing losses. The liquidity and trading value of foreign currencies could be affected by global economic factors, such as inflation, interest rate levels, and trade balances among countries, as well as the actions of sovereign governments and central banks.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A82_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DepositaryReceiptRiskMember_zliaSZmgFK5e"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities and give rise to certain additional risks. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (Underlying Shares). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.</td></tr> </table> Privately Placed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in non-exchange traded, privately placed securities, including privately placed securities issued by special purpose vehicles, which are subject to liquidity and valuation risks. These risks may make it difficult for those securities to be traded or valued, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition. The market for certain non-exchange traded securities may be limited to institutional investors, subjecting such investments to further liquidity risk if a market were to limit institutional trading. There may also be less information available regarding such non-exchange traded securities than for publicly traded securities, which may make it more difficult for the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser to fully evaluate the risks of investing in such securities and as a result place the Fund’s assets at a greater risk of loss than if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser has more complete information. In addition, the issuers of non-exchange traded securities may be distressed, insolvent, or delinquent in filing information needed to be listed on an exchange. Disposing of non-exchange traded securities, including privately placed securities, may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible. Securities purchased in private placements may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. Index-Linked Strategy Risk. The Fund’s strategy, though not passively replicating an Index, is linked to an Index maintained by the Index Provider that exercises complete control over the Index. The Index Provider may delay or add a rebalance date, which may adversely impact the performance of the Fund and its correlation to the Index. In addition, there is no guarantee that the methodology used by the Index Provider to identify constituents for the Index will achieve its intended result or positive performance. Errors in Index data, Index computations or the construction of the Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund. High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s strategy is linked to an Index that is expected to have a high portfolio turnover rate. As a result, the Fund is likewise expected to frequently trade all or a significant portion of the securities in its portfolio. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains. Models and Data Risk. The composition of the Fund’s portfolio is heavily dependent on investment models developed by the Sub-Adviser as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities from the Fund’s portfolio that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. Errors in programming, data entry, system compatibility, or database integrity can result in the unintended inclusion or exclusion of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Such errors, whether due to human or technological factors, could induce the Sub-Adviser to make investment choices that would not have been made with accurate and complete information, potentially leading to losses or missed gains for the Fund. Active Management Risk. The Sub-Adviser will actively monitor the Fund’s holdings and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. In addition, while the Fund seeks to achieve returns similar to those of the Index, there may be periods of time where the Fund’s holdings, and therefore its performance, deviate significantly from the holdings and performance of the Index Tracking Error Risk. The performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the instruments comprising the Index at all times or may hold positions not included in the Index. Unrelated Business Risk. Many of the companies in which the Fund will invest have other business lines unrelated to one of the thematic categories. These other lines of business could adversely affect those firms’ operating results and, in turn, hurt the Fund’s performance. The operating results of companies with other business lines may fluctuate independently of the fluctuations in the relevant thematic category businesses. In addition, a particular company’s ability to engage in new business activities may expose it to additional risks for which it has less experience than its existing business lines. Despite a company’s possible success in activities linked to its use or one or more thematic categories, there can be no assurance that its other lines of business will not adversely affect the company’s business, financial condition, or market value. In addition, a particular company’s unrelated business may impact the Fund’s investment returns and it may be difficult to isolate thematic category-related returns from other return sources. Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent the Index is so concentrated. In such an event, the value of the Fund’s Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that are invested in securities or financial instruments of companies that encompass a broader range of industries. Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets. ETF Risks. <p id="xdx_A8C_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--AuthorizedParticipantsMarketMakersAndLiquidityProvidersConcentrationRiskMember_zPKuLX4TJ5L" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. <p id="xdx_A82_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SharesMayTradeAtPricesOtherThanNavMember_zmpB63b6RaDh" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing. Market Capitalization Risk. <div id="xdx_A86_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--LargecapitalizationInvestingMember_zKNheX8hdWJc"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.</td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8A_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--MidcapitalizationInvestingMember_zSYkGtZgwIVj"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Mid-Capitalization Investing. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.</td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A83_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SmallcapitalizationInvestingMember_zLP4ZuOmWgq"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Small-Capitalization Investing. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities or large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.</td></tr> </table> New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. Newer Sub-Adviser Risk. The Sub-Adviser is newly registered with the SEC and has limited experience with managing an exchange-traded fund regulated under the 1940 Act, which may limit the Sub-Adviser’s effectiveness. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Fund’s intended investment objective. Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks. U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so. Performance Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.VegaSharesETFs.com. Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. www.VegaSharesETFs.com VEGASHARES JUNIOR AI ETF - FUND SUMMARY Investment Objective The VegaShares Junior AI ETF (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation. Fees and Expenses of the Fund This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. <div id="xdx_A89_eoef--AnnualFundOperatingExpensesTableTextBlock_zcvSFXgtFUSk"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A57_dU_zmzeL0Uqc3hc" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Annual Fund Operating Expenses"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td id="xdx_98F_eoef--OperatingExpensesCaption_c20260730__20260730__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--S000106711Member_zVr2LbObnUgj" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 90%; text-align: justify">Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)</td> <td id="xdx_497_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277597Member_z0yMzWwEkhYb" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eoef--ManagementFeesOverAssets_dpn_zDM0MuzaIfA2" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Management Fee(1) </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eoef--DistributionAndService12b1FeesOverAssets_dpn_zigC8Rj0WtJg" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eoef--OtherExpensesOverAssets_dpn_zXDqiH5f5yWj" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">Other Expenses(2)</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eoef--ExpensesOverAssets_dpn_ztj4OJSGlF7e" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(1) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(2) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Estimated for the current year. </td></tr> </table> Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0075 0.0000 0.0000 0.0075 Estimated for the current year. This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: <div id="xdx_A87_eoef--ExpenseExampleWithRedemptionTableTextBlock_zpYIjH2Vbp0a"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A58_dU_zLja1sQyFYvg" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; width: 60%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: auto" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Expense Example"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td id="xdx_48A_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear01_zTzHjWc6cfU6" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">1 Year</td> <td id="xdx_486_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear03_zP0hCwFNM598" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">3 Years</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_411_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277597Member_zRkdjMBd4i93" style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$77</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$240</td></tr> </table> 77 240 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available. Principal Investment Strategies Overview The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks capital appreciation by investing, directly or indirectly, in a portfolio of equity securities based on the BITA AI Junior Global Index (the “Index”). The Index includes global publicly listed small- and mid-cap companies from the BITA AI Broad All Cap Index (“small- and mid-cap AI companies”), which provides targeted exposure to companies in artificial intelligence (“AI”) hardware infrastructure, software and services, applications and capital infrastructure. The Fund will not replicate the Index, as the Fund’s investment sub-adviser, Vega Capital Partners, LLC (“Vega” or the “Sub-Adviser”), exercises investment discretion in constructing the Fund’s investment portfolio. For example, Vega: (i) determines whether, in its judgement, it is more favorable to the Fund for it to invest directly or synthetically in each security in the Index; (ii) reallocates the Fund’s portfolio holdings more frequently than the Index is rebalanced, when Vega believes doing so is in the Fund’s interest; and (iii) to the extent required for the Fund’s portfolio to comply with relevant regulatory requirements, invests in securities not currently included in the Index. In addition, the Fund will maintain an allocation to cash and/or U.S. Treasuries. While the Index’s methodology serves as the primary basis for the Fund’s portfolio construction and the identification of small- and mid-cap AI companies, the Sub-Adviser will actively manage the Fund and may select for investment companies that it independently determines fall within the category of small- and mid-cap AI companies. The Sub-Adviser may buy or sell securities not yet included in, or not yet removed from, as the case may be, the Index prior to the Index’s rebalancing and reconstitution. Generally, the Sub-Adviser will use the Index’s criteria to guide its decisions. If the Sub-Adviser receives new information about an existing portfolio security or an emerging small- or mid-cap AI company after the Index’s last rebalancing and reconstitution, it has the discretion to trade those securities before the next Index rebalancing and reconstitution. For example, the Sub-Adviser may identify negative issues with a company’s outlook or potential opportunities to add new holdings. To further the example, the Fund may sell portfolio holdings of a company that has experienced a negative change in business circumstances (as described in the following paragraph) or invest in a company that is entering into the small- and mid-cap AI ecosystem. Accordingly, there may be times when the Fund’s holdings and performance deviate significantly from those of the Index. In constructing the Fund’s portfolio, the Sub-Adviser uses the Index’s components and weighting as a baseline or starting point, then utilizes both quantitative and fundamental analysis to evaluate the following factors when assessing the purchase or sale of portfolio holdings: (i) revenue exposure to AI related activities, products and services; (ii) earnings growth potential; (iii) free cash flow generation; (iv) competitive positioning; (v) valuation metrics; (vi) capital expenditure trends; and (vii) adoption and monetization opportunities within AI related market sectors. Portfolio weightings may be adjusted based on revenue growth trends, valuation opportunities, cycle positioning, earnings revisions, or market conditions. Portfolio positions may be reduced or eliminated when the Sub-Adviser determines a negative change in business circumstances has occurred, such as, for example, if the Sub-Adviser determines valuations become excessive, a company’s fundamental outlook deteriorates, its competitive position weakens, its revenue growth slows materially, or better risk/reward opportunities emerge elsewhere in the AI ecosystem. The Fund may invest a portion of the portfolio in the equity securities of private, non-listed companies not represented in the Index that the Sub-Adviser identifies as having characteristics of small- and mid-cap AI companies, or substantially similar attributes. In selecting securities of such private companies, the Sub-Adviser may look for companies with businesses that are similar to companies represented in the Index, but which are late-stage private companies nearing, or preparing for, an IPO. However, the Sub-Adviser may also select similar companies that are in earlier stages of development for inclusion in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Fund Attributes Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in small- or mid-cap AI companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to small- or mid-cap AI companies, which the Sub-Adviser considers to be companies with market capitalizations generally ranging from $300 million to $25 billion. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in companies that are not included in the 80% test noted above. These investments can include equity securities and depositary receipts of issuers that are not Index constituents but that the Sub-Adviser would characterize as emerging AI companies, based on the Sub-Adviser’s analysis of publicly available business plans and as may be further evidenced by capital expenditures, research and development efforts and business acquisitions. This 20% of the Fund’s portfolio may also be invested in cash or cash equivalents (including money market funds). The Fund may invest in small- and medium-capitalization companies. The Fund will invest in foreign securities, including directly in securities listed on global exchanges (ordinary shares) and indirectly through ADRs. The Fund may invest in foreign securities that are located in developed and emerging markets. The Fund determines a country’s or market’s classification as a developed or emerging market based on its MSCI designation. To the extent the Index is concentrated in a particular industry, the Fund is expected to be concentrated in that industry. As of the date of this Prospectus, issuers within the semiconductors and semiconductor equipment industry represented a significant portion of the Index. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. The Fund’s strategy is expected to result in a moderate to high rate of portfolio turnover. Direct/Synthetic Investments The Fund will invest in the equity securities either directly or indirectly (synthetically) using options and swaps (as described below). The Fund will generally invest indirectly to satisfy applicable tax requirements for regulated investment companies. The Fund may utilize listed options to achieve synthetic exposure to the Fund’s portfolio securities. The Fund primarily employes short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the underlying securities, offering immediate intrinsic value). These options allow the Fund to synthetically replicate the performance of underlying securities without direct ownership. The Fund may also utilize other option strategies to achieve similar synthetic exposure, including purchasing call options and selling put options with identical strike prices. These derivatives strategies enable the Fund to respond flexibly to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreement. For additional details about the Fund’s use of operations, please refer to the section of the Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About the Fund.” In addition to options, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with financial institutions. These swap agreements are designed to synthetically replicate the performance of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio. The agreements will have specified durations, which will typically coincide with the Index’s reconstitution periods, but may range from one day to more than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) based on the performance of a particular security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount” – a predetermined dollar value representing the underlying security that the Fund seeks to replicate synthetically. Collateral In addition, the Fund will hold cash and/or short-term U.S. Treasury securities as collateral for the Fund’s derivatives transactions. The BITA AI Junior Global Index Index Overview The Index is constructed by BITA GbmH (the “Index Provider”) using a rules-based methodology that tracks the market performance of global publicly listed small- and mid-cap companies drawn from the BITA AI Broad All Cap Index. The BITA AI Broad All Cap Index tracks the performance of a larger subset of companies publicly listed on global exchanges that actively operate within the AI ecosystem, specifically within hardware infrastructure, software and services, applications and capital infrastructure segments of the AI ecosystem. The Index’s initial universe consists of globally listed equity securities from small- and mid-cap companies included within the BITA AI Broad All Cap Index, and which are involved in: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">AI Hardware Infrastructure: This includes companies primarily involved in the design, development, and manufacturing of the high-performance physical components that constitute the technical backbone of artificial intelligence.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">AI Software and Services: This includes companies representing the intelligence and operational layer of the AI ecosystem, featuring companies that create the essential software frameworks and research-driven engines required to build and deploy advanced AI at scale.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">AI Applications: This includes companies that leverage existing AI engines and core models to build functional, end-user software products and autonomous systems.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">AI Capital Infrastructure: This includes companies that provide the specialized physical facilities, heavy machinery, and raw materials necessary to support the long-term expansion of global AI capabilities.</td></tr> </table> For more information, about the types of companies that the Index tracks, see “Additional Information About the Funds” below. The Index’s initial universe is determined by applying, among others, the following criteria: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Security Types: Includes ordinary shares and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Size: Companies must have a market capitalization between USD 300 million and USD 25 billion. At rebalancing, existing companies in the Index with a market capitalization greater than USD 25 billion may remain in the Index until they reach a maximum market capitalization of USD 75 billion.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Liquidity: Securities must have an average daily traded value above USD 300,000 over the past 3 months.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Country and Exchange Requirements: To be eligible for inclusion, a company’s shares must be listed on one of the following stock exchanges (listed alphabetically by country): Australia (Australian Stock Exchange); Austria (Vienna Stock Exchange); Belgium (Euronext Brussels); Canada (Canadian Securities Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange, and TSX Venture Exchange); China (Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange); Denmark (Nasdaq Copenhagen); Finland (Nasdaq Helsinki); France (Euronext Paris Exchange); Germany (Deutsche Börse); Hong Kong (Hong Kong Stock Exchange); Ireland (Euronext Irish Stock Exchange); Israel (Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange); Italy (Borsa Italiana); Japan (Tokyo Stock Exchange); Netherlands (Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange); New Zealand (New Zealand Stock Exchange); Norway (Euronext Oslo Børs); Portugal (Euronext Lisbon); Singapore (Singapore Exchange); South Korea (Korea Exchange); Spain (Bolsas y Mercados Españoles); Sweden (Nasdaq Stockholm); Switzerland (SIX Swiss Exchange); Taiwan (Taiwan Stock Exchange); United Kingdom (London Stock Exchange); and United States (Nasdaq and New York Stock Exchange).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Thematic Requirement: Companies must derive at least 50% of their revenue from the relevant themes described above. The Index Provider evaluates each company’s thematic alignment by analyzing publicly available revenue data from multiple sources. These sources include regulatory filings (such as Annual Reports, 10-Ks, 10-Qs, 20-Fs, 8-Ks), quarterly earnings reports, investor presentations, official earnings conference call transcripts, and news.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Free Float Percentage: Securities with a free float percentage (relative to total shares outstanding) below 10% are excluded.</td></tr> </table> The Index aims to have between 10 and 100 securities, although as noted above, the Fund’s number and composition of portfolio holdings, and its performance, may deviate from that of the Index. To seek a balanced representation and prevent excessive concentration, the initial weights of all Index constituents are subject to limits: no issuer’s weight can be below 0.1% or exceed 25% of the total index weight. During weight calculations, adjustments are made to ensure all constituents meet the minimum weight requirement. If a security’s weight is below 0.1%, it is increased to meet this floor. Following this adjustment, weights are capped at 25%. In addition, the cumulative weight of all constituents representing more than 5% of the Index cannot exceed 50% of the total Index weight. Any excess weight from capped constituents is redistributed proportionately among the rest of the uncapped constituents. The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly (reconstitution means the Index is updated with new eligible companies based on current data; rebalancing means the weights of the companies in the Index are adjusted). In addition, the Index Provider may determine to substitute an Index constituent or make an extraordinary adjustment to the Index if it determines an extraordinary event has occurred. The determination date for regular adjustments (each, a “Selection Day”) occurs after market close on the third Friday of the rebalancing month. On each Selection Day, Index constituents are weighted according to their free-floating market capitalization. However, the Sub-Adviser has the discretion to adjust the Fund’s portfolio between reconstitutions. The Index is owned, calculated, administered, and disseminated by the Index Provider. The Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in small- or mid-cap AI companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to small- or mid-cap AI companies, which the Sub-Adviser considers to be companies with market capitalizations generally ranging from $300 million to $25 billion. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in the Fund. Artificial Intelligence Risk. Issuers engaged in artificial intelligence typically have high research and capital expenditures and, as a result, their profitability can vary widely, if they are profitable at all. The space in which they are engaged is highly competitive and issuers’ products and services may become obsolete very quickly. These companies are heavily dependent on intellectual property rights and may be adversely affected by loss or impairment of those rights. The issuers are also subject to legal, regulatory and political changes that may have a large impact on their profitability. A failure in an issuer’s product or even questions about the safety of the product could be devastating to the issuer, especially if it is the marquee product of the issuer. It can be difficult to accurately capture what qualifies as an artificial intelligence company. Equity Market Risk. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks: Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. For the Fund in particular, the value of the options contracts in which it invests are substantially influenced by the value of the relevant Underlying Securities. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the values of options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund may continuously maintain indirect exposure to one or more of the underlying securities through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities. If an underlying security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund could be forced to invest directly in the underlying security at a potentially unfavorable time. Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy. Sector and Industry Risks. <div id="xdx_A83_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SemiconductorsAndSemiconductorEquipmentIndustryRiskMember_zy0J013HNxKc"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risk. Semiconductor companies may face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, and such competition may have an adverse effect on their profit margins. Semiconductor companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. Semiconductor companies’ supply chain and operations are dependent on the availability of materials that meet exacting standards and the use of third parties to provide components and services. Semiconductor companies may rely on a limited number of suppliers, or upon suppliers in a single location, for certain materials, equipment or tools. Finding and qualifying alternate or additional suppliers can be a lengthy process that can cause production delays or impose unforeseen costs, and such alternatives may not be available at all. Production can be disrupted by the unavailability of resources, such as water, silicon, electricity, gases and other materials. Suppliers may also increase prices or encounter cybersecurity or other issues that can disrupt production or increase production costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A87_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DatacenterIndustryRiskMember_zHR3jWqclZDf"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Datacenter Industry Risk. The datacenter industry faces numerous challenges that could significantly impact the financial performance of companies operating within this sector. As technological advancements accelerate and demand for data processing and storage grows, datacenter companies must continuously upgrade infrastructure and expand capacity, leading to high capital expenditures and increased operational costs. The highly competitive nature of the industry often results in aggressive pricing strategies that compress profit margins. Additionally, fluctuations in demand for data services, driven by economic conditions and shifts in technology trends, can lead to under-utilization of capacity, negatively affecting revenue streams and overall profitability. Furthermore, companies must navigate complex regulatory environments and manage significant energy consumption and environmental impact, adding to operational burdens and costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A83_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--InformationTechnologySectorRiskMember_z2nsFGBKWJUe"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in internet software and services, technology hardware and storage peripherals, electronic equipment instruments and components, and semiconductors and semiconductor equipment, among other things. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face rapid product obsolescence due to technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Failure to introduce new products, develop and maintain a loyal customer base, or achieve general market acceptance for their products could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on intellectual property and the loss of patent, copyright and trademark protections may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in securities or other instruments of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies. Financial markets in foreign countries often are not as developed, efficient, or liquid as financial markets in the United States, and therefore, the prices of non-U.S. securities and instruments can be more volatile. In addition, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign countries, which may include the imposition of economic sanctions. Generally, there is less readily available and reliable information about non-U.S. issuers due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards and regulatory practices. Investments in foreign companies’ securities, including investments via depositary receipts, are subject to special risks, including the following: <div id="xdx_A8B_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DevelopedMarketsRiskMember_zdxWNxpsZOfi"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Developed Markets Risk. Many developed market countries have heavy indebtedness, which may lead downward pressure on the economies of these countries. As a result, it is possible that interest rates on debt of certain developed countries may rise to levels that make it difficult for such countries to service high debt levels without significant help from other countries or from a central bank. Developed market countries generally are dependent on the economies of certain key trading partners. Changes in any one economy may cause an adverse impact on several developed countries.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A81_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--EmergingMarketsRiskMember_zeReqluKDSF5"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td>Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled or headquartered in emerging market nations. Investments in securities traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, currency or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affecting the trading market and price for Fund Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value. </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A83_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--CurrencyRiskMember_zrQMLDrl2b7j"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Currency Risk. Changes in currency exchange rates can negatively affect securities denominated in and/or receiving revenues in foreign currencies. Adverse changes in currency exchange rates (relative to the U.S. dollar) may erode or reverse any potential gains from the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency or may widen existing losses. The liquidity and trading value of foreign currencies could be affected by global economic factors, such as inflation, interest rate levels, and trade balances among countries, as well as the actions of sovereign governments and central banks.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A87_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DepositaryReceiptRiskMember_z2MbJLN3Ca3b"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities and give rise to certain additional risks. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (Underlying Shares). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.</td></tr> </table> Privately Placed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in non-exchange traded, privately placed securities, including privately placed securities issued by special purpose vehicles, which are subject to liquidity and valuation risks. These risks may make it difficult for those securities to be traded or valued, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition. The market for certain non-exchange traded securities may be limited to institutional investors, subjecting such investments to further liquidity risk if a market were to limit institutional trading. There may also be less information available regarding such non-exchange traded securities than for publicly traded securities, which may make it more difficult for the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser to fully evaluate the risks of investing in such securities and as a result place the Fund’s assets at a greater risk of loss than if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser has more complete information. In addition, the issuers of non-exchange traded securities may be distressed, insolvent, or delinquent in filing information needed to be listed on an exchange. Disposing of non-exchange traded securities, including privately placed securities, may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible. Securities purchased in private placements may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. Index-Linked Strategy Risk. The Fund’s strategy, though not passively replicating an Index, is linked to an Index maintained by the Index Provider that exercises complete control over the Index. The Index Provider may delay or add a rebalance date, which may adversely impact the performance of the Fund and its correlation to the Index. In addition, there is no guarantee that the methodology used by the Index Provider to identify constituents for the Index will achieve its intended result or positive performance. Errors in Index data, Index computations or the construction of the Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund. High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s strategy is linked to an Index that is expected to have a high portfolio turnover rate. As a result, the Fund is likewise expected to frequently trade all or a significant portion of the securities in its portfolio. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains. Models and Data Risk. The composition of the Fund’s portfolio is heavily dependent on investment models developed by the Sub-Adviser as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities from the Fund’s portfolio that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. Errors in programming, data entry, system compatibility, or database integrity can result in the unintended inclusion or exclusion of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Such errors, whether due to human or technological factors, could induce the Sub-Adviser to make investment choices that would not have been made with accurate and complete information, potentially leading to losses or missed gains for the Fund. Active Management Risk. The Sub-Adviser will actively monitor the Fund’s holdings and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. In addition, while the Fund seeks to achieve returns similar to those of the Index, there may be periods of time where the Fund’s holdings, and therefore its performance, deviate significantly from the holdings and performance of the Index Tracking Error Risk. The performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the instruments comprising the Index at all times or may hold positions not included in the Index. Unrelated Business Risk. Many of the companies in which the Fund will invest have other business lines unrelated to one of the thematic categories. These other lines of business could adversely affect those firms’ operating results and, in turn, hurt the Fund’s performance. The operating results of companies with other business lines may fluctuate independently of the fluctuations in the relevant thematic category businesses. In addition, a particular company’s ability to engage in new business activities may expose it to additional risks for which it has less experience than its existing business lines. Despite a company’s possible success in activities linked to its use or one or more thematic categories, there can be no assurance that its other lines of business will not adversely affect the company’s business, financial condition, or market value. In addition, a particular company’s unrelated business may impact the Fund’s investment returns and it may be difficult to isolate thematic category-related returns from other return sources. Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent the Index is so concentrated. In such an event, the value of the Fund’s Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that are invested in securities or financial instruments of companies that encompass a broader range of industries. Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets. ETF Risks. <p id="xdx_A89_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--AuthorizedParticipantsMarketMakersAndLiquidityProvidersConcentrationRiskMember_zaSOmTDFlZHk" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. <p id="xdx_A8A_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SharesMayTradeAtPricesOtherThanNavMember_zlepy2DnuYC2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing. Market Capitalization Risk. <div id="xdx_A8E_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--MidcapitalizationInvestingMember_zoh5PtOnTQM3"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Mid-Capitalization Investing. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.</td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8F_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SmallcapitalizationInvestingMember_zchLOkGGU2pl"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Small-Capitalization Investing. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities or large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.</td></tr> </table> New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. Newer Sub-Adviser Risk. The Sub-Adviser is newly registered with the SEC and has limited experience with managing an exchange-traded fund regulated under the 1940 Act, which may limit the Sub-Adviser’s effectiveness. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Fund’s intended investment objective. Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks. U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so. Performance Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.VegaSharesETFs.com. Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. www.VegaSharesETFs.com VEGASHARES HARD DRIVE ETF- FUND SUMMARY Investment Objective The VegaShares Hard Drive ETF (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation. Fees and Expenses of the Fund This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. <div id="xdx_A8B_eoef--AnnualFundOperatingExpensesTableTextBlock_zES0h5rqcBE"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A53_dU_z2N4wsAavw5d" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Annual Fund Operating Expenses"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td id="xdx_98F_eoef--OperatingExpensesCaption_c20260730__20260730__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--S000106710Member_zQNGkA44XUXf" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 90%; text-align: justify">Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)</td> <td id="xdx_497_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277596Member_zwWOcz4HBLq2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eoef--ManagementFeesOverAssets_dpn_zAR4ihDVzyV3" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Management Fee(1) </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eoef--DistributionAndService12b1FeesOverAssets_dpn_zRhTTXHvomAg" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eoef--OtherExpensesOverAssets_dpn_zgbC3HGzyyf4" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">Other Expenses(2)</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eoef--ExpensesOverAssets_dpn_z6JbeIJpar82" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right">0.75%</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(1) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td>(2) </td> <td style="text-align: justify">Estimated for the current year. </td></tr> </table> Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0075 0.0000 0.0000 0.0075 Estimated for the current year. This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: <div id="xdx_A8A_eoef--ExpenseExampleWithRedemptionTableTextBlock_zTyMumiYbI2f"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A51_dU_zplohJUI26rb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; width: 60%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: auto" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Expense Example"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td id="xdx_486_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear01_zSewzay9U9ab" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">1 Year</td> <td id="xdx_485_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear03_zN8qk3czgcO6" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">3 Years</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_411_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277596Member_zOgq8bcX2CL3" style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$77</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$240</td></tr> </table> 77 240 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available. Principal Investment Strategies Overview The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks capital appreciation by investing, directly or indirectly, in a portfolio of equity securities based on the BITA Hard Drive Global Index (the “Index”). The Index includes global publicly listed companies that generate significant revenue from hardware and software oriented to storage systems specifically organized for artificial intelligence (“AI”) (“AI hard drive companies”). The Fund will not replicate the Index, as the Fund’s investment sub-adviser, Vega Capital Partners, LLC (“Vega” or the “Sub-Adviser”), exercises investment discretion in constructing the Fund’s investment portfolio. For example, Vega: (i) determines whether, in its judgement, it is more favorable to the Fund for it to invest directly or synthetically in each security in the Index; (ii) reallocates the Fund’s portfolio holdings more frequently than the Index is rebalanced, when Vega believes doing so is in the Fund’s interest; and (iii) to the extent required for the Fund’s portfolio to comply with relevant regulatory requirements, invests in securities not currently included in the Index. In addition, the Fund will maintain an allocation to cash and/or U.S. Treasuries. While the Index’s methodology serves as the primary basis for the Fund’s portfolio construction and the identification of AI hard drive companies, the Sub-Adviser will actively manage the Fund and may select for investment companies that it independently determines fall within the category of AI hard drive companies. The Sub-Adviser may buy or sell securities not yet included in, or not yet removed from, as the case may be, the Index prior to the Index’s rebalancing and reconstitution. Generally, the Sub-Adviser will use the Index’s criteria to guide its decisions. If the Sub-Adviser receives new information about an existing portfolio security or an emerging AI hard drive company after the Index’s last rebalancing and reconstitution, it has the discretion to trade those securities before the next Index rebalancing and reconstitution. For example, the Sub-Adviser may identify negative issues with a company’s outlook or potential opportunities to add new holdings. To further the example, the Fund may sell portfolio holdings of a company that has experienced a negative change in business circumstances (as described in the following paragraph) or invest in a company that is entering into the AI hard drive ecosystem. Accordingly, there may be times when the Fund’s holdings and performance deviate significantly from those of the Index. In constructing the Fund’s portfolio, the Sub-Adviser uses the Index’s components and weighting as a baseline or starting point, then utilizes both quantitative and fundamental analysis to evaluate the following factors when assessing the purchase or sale of portfolio holdings: (i) revenue exposure to AI hard drive related activities, products and services; (ii) earnings growth potential; (iii) free cash flow generation; (iv) competitive positioning; (v) valuation metrics; (vi) capital expenditure trends; and (vii) adoption and monetization opportunities within AI hard drive related market sectors. Portfolio weightings may be adjusted based on revenue growth trends, valuation opportunities, cycle positioning, earnings revisions, or market conditions. Portfolio positions may be reduced or eliminated when the Sub-Adviser determines a negative change in business circumstances has occurred, such as, for example, if the Sub-Adviser determines valuations become excessive, a company’s fundamental outlook deteriorates, its competitive position weakens, its revenue growth slows materially, or better risk/reward opportunities emerge elsewhere in the AI hard drive companies ecosystem. The Fund may invest a portion of the portfolio in the equity securities of private, non-listed companies not represented in the Index that the Sub-Adviser identifies as having characteristics of AI hard drive companies, or substantially similar attributes. In selecting securities of such private companies, the Sub-Adviser may look for companies with businesses that are similar to companies represented in the Index, but which are late-stage private companies nearing, or preparing for, an IPO. However, the Sub-Adviser may also select similar companies that are in earlier stages of development for inclusion in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Fund Attributes Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in AI hard drive companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to AI hard drive companies. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in companies that are not included in the 80% test noted above. These investments can include equity securities and depositary receipts of issuers that are not Index constituents but that the Sub-Adviser would characterize as emerging AI hard drive companies, based on the Sub-Adviser’s analysis of publicly available business plans and as may be further evidenced by capital expenditures, research and development efforts and business acquisitions. This 20% of the Fund’s portfolio may also be invested in cash or cash equivalents (including money market funds). The Fund may invest in small-, medium-, and large-capitalization companies. The Fund will invest in foreign securities, including directly in securities listed on global exchanges (ordinary shares) and indirectly through ADRs. The Fund may invest in foreign securities that are located in developed and emerging markets. The Fund determines a country’s or market’s classification as a developed or emerging market based on its MSCI designation. To the extent the Index is concentrated in a particular industry, the Fund is expected to be concentrated in that industry. As of the date of this Prospectus, issuers within the technology hardware, storage and peripherals industry represented a significant portion of the Index. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. The Fund’s strategy is expected to result in a moderate to high rate of portfolio turnover. Direct/Synthetic Investments The Fund will invest in the equity securities either directly or indirectly (synthetically) using options and swaps (as described below). The Fund will generally invest indirectly to satisfy applicable tax requirements for regulated investment companies. The Fund may utilize listed options to achieve synthetic exposure to the Fund’s portfolio securities. The Fund primarily employes short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the underlying securities, offering immediate intrinsic value). These options allow the Fund to synthetically replicate the performance of underlying securities without direct ownership. The Fund may also utilize other option strategies to achieve similar synthetic exposure, including purchasing call options and selling put options with identical strike prices. These derivatives strategies enable the Fund to respond flexibly to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreement. For additional details about the Fund’s use of operations, please refer to the section of the Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About the Fund.” In addition to options, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with financial institutions. These swap agreements are designed to synthetically replicate the performance of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio. The agreements will have specified durations, which will typically coincide with the Index’s reconstitution periods, but may range from one day to more than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) based on the performance of a particular security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount” – a predetermined dollar value representing the underlying security that the Fund seeks to replicate synthetically. Collateral In addition, the Fund will hold cash and/or short-term U.S. Treasury securities as collateral for the Fund’s derivatives transactions. The BITA Hard Drive Global Index Index Overview The Index is constructed by BITA GbmH (the “Index Provider”) using a rules-based methodology that tracks the market performance of global publicly listed companies that derive their revenues from hardware and software oriented to storage systems specifically optimized for AI data pipelines. Companies in the Index focus on providing the massive data capacity, high-speed access, and advanced data architecture required to ingest, train, and deploy complex machine learning models, spanning sectors like all-flash arrays, high-capacity HDDs, persistent memory, and storage networking. The Index’s initial universe consists of globally listed equity securities from companies involved in: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">All-Flash Array Systems: This includes companies engaged in the design and manufacturing of All-Flash Array storage systems, which deliver the ultra-high IOPS (input/output operations per second) and low latency critical for feeding data into large-scale AI training models.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">High-Capacity HDD Systems: This includes entities that provide high-density Hard Disk Drive storage solutions.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Storage Controllers & RAID Adapters: This includes companies that develop specialized hardware and processors that manage data flow, redundancy, and error correction across storage arrays.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Persistent Memory Devices: This includes providers of advanced memory hardware that combines the high-speed data access of traditional RAM with the non-volatile data retention of standard storage.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Storage Networking Hardware: This includes companies supplying specialized switches, host bus adapters, and network interface cards optimized for advanced storage protocols.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Enterprise NVMe SSD Manufacturing: This includes entities focused on producing enterprise-grade Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) Solid State Drives, which are required to achieve the extreme read/write speeds necessary for active AI data ingestion and real-time inference processing.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Storage Class Memory Devices: This includes companies that develop next-generation Storage Class Memory technologies, which assist in optimizing complex AI workloads that require massive datasets to remain immediately accessible to processing units.</td></tr> </table> For more information, about the types of companies that the Index tracks, see “Additional Information About the Funds” below. The Index’s initial universe is determined by applying, among others, the following criteria: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Security Types: Includes ordinary shares and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Size: Companies must have a market capitalization of at least USD 300 million.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Minimum Liquidity: Securities must have an average daily traded value above USD 300,000 over the past 3 months.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Country and Exchange Requirements: To be eligible for inclusion, a company’s shares must be listed on one of the following stock exchanges (listed alphabetically by country): Australia (Australian Stock Exchange); Austria (Vienna Stock Exchange); Belgium (Euronext Brussels); Canada (Canadian Securities Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange, and TSX Venture Exchange); China (Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange); Denmark (Nasdaq Copenhagen); Finland (Nasdaq Helsinki); France (Euronext Paris Exchange); Germany (Deutsche Börse); Hong Kong (Hong Kong Stock Exchange); Ireland (Euronext Irish Stock Exchange); Israel (Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange); Italy (Borsa Italiana); Japan (Tokyo Stock Exchange); Netherlands (Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange); New Zealand (New Zealand Stock Exchange); Norway (Euronext Oslo Børs); Portugal (Euronext Lisbon); Singapore (Singapore Exchange); South Korea (Korea Exchange); Spain (Bolsas y Mercados Españoles); Sweden (Nasdaq Stockholm); Switzerland (SIX Swiss Exchange); Taiwan (Taiwan Stock Exchange); United Kingdom (London Stock Exchange); and United States (Nasdaq and New York Stock Exchange).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Thematic Requirement: Companies must derive at least 50% of their revenue from the relevant themes described above. The Index Provider evaluates each company’s thematic alignment by analyzing publicly available revenue data from multiple sources. These sources include regulatory filings (such as Annual Reports, 10-Ks, 10-Qs, 20-Fs, 8-Ks), quarterly earnings reports, investor presentations, official earnings conference call transcripts, and news.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Free Float Percentage: Securities with a free float percentage (relative to total shares outstanding) below 10% are excluded.</td></tr> </table> To seek a balanced representation and prevent excessive concentration, the initial weights of all Index constituents are subject to limits: no issuer’s weight can be below 0.1% or exceed 15% of the total index weight. During weight calculations, adjustments are made to ensure all constituents meet the minimum weight requirement. If a security’s weight is below 0.1%, it is increased to meet this floor. Following this adjustment, weights are capped at 15%. Any excess weight from capped constituents is redistributed proportionately among the rest of the uncapped constituents. The Index aims to have between 7 and 20 securities, although as noted above, the Fund’s number and composition of portfolio holdings, and its performance, may deviate from that of the Index. The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced quarterly (reconstitution means the Index is updated with new eligible companies based on current data; rebalancing means the weights of the companies in the Index are adjusted). In addition, the Index Provider may determine to substitute an Index constituent or make an extraordinary adjustment to the Index if it determines an extraordinary event has occurred. The determination date for regular adjustments (each, a “Selection Day”) occurs after market close on the third Friday of the rebalancing month. On each Selection Day, Index constituents are weighted according to their free-floating market capitalization. However, the Sub-Adviser has the discretion to adjust the Fund’s portfolio between reconstitutions. The Index is owned, calculated, administered, and disseminated by the Index Provider. The Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in AI hard drive companies and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to AI hard drive companies. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in the Fund. Artificial Intelligence Risk. Issuers engaged in artificial intelligence typically have high research and capital expenditures and, as a result, their profitability can vary widely, if they are profitable at all. The space in which they are engaged is highly competitive and issuers’ products and services may become obsolete very quickly. These companies are heavily dependent on intellectual property rights and may be adversely affected by loss or impairment of those rights. The issuers are also subject to legal, regulatory and political changes that may have a large impact on their profitability. A failure in an issuer’s product or even questions about the safety of the product could be devastating to the issuer, especially if it is the marquee product of the issuer. It can be difficult to accurately capture what qualifies as an artificial intelligence company. Equity Market Risk. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks: Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. For the Fund in particular, the value of the options contracts in which it invests are substantially influenced by the value of the relevant Underlying Securities. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the values of options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund may continuously maintain indirect exposure to one or more of the underlying securities through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities. If an underlying security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund could be forced to invest directly in the underlying security at a potentially unfavorable time. Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy. Sector and Industry Risks. <div id="xdx_A85_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--TechnologyHardwareStorageAndPeripheralsIndustryRiskMember_zxmCJiqKiWWk"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td>Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals Industry Risk. Technology hardware, storage and peripherals companies can be significantly affected by competitive pressures, aggressive pricing, technological developments, changing domestic demand, the ability to attract and retain skilled employees and availability and price of components. The market for products produced by these companies is characterized by rapidly changing technology, rapid product obsolescence, cyclical market patterns, evolving industry standards and frequent new product introductions. The success of technology hardware companies depends in substantial part on the timely and successful introduction of new products. An unexpected change in one or more of the technologies affecting an issuer’s products or in the market for products based on a particular technology could have a material adverse effect on a participant’s operating results. </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A83_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SemiconductorsAndSemiconductorEquipmentIndustryRiskMember_zj3e9Jwh6nfk"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risk. Semiconductor companies may face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, and such competition may have an adverse effect on their profit margins. Semiconductor companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. Semiconductor companies’ supply chain and operations are dependent on the availability of materials that meet exacting standards and the use of third parties to provide components and services. Semiconductor companies may rely on a limited number of suppliers, or upon suppliers in a single location, for certain materials, equipment or tools. Finding and qualifying alternate or additional suppliers can be a lengthy process that can cause production delays or impose unforeseen costs, and such alternatives may not be available at all. Production can be disrupted by the unavailability of resources, such as water, silicon, electricity, gases and other materials. Suppliers may also increase prices or encounter cybersecurity or other issues that can disrupt production or increase production costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8B_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DatacenterIndustryRiskMember_zvNYpomF8MA6"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Datacenter Industry Risk. The datacenter industry faces numerous challenges that could significantly impact the financial performance of companies operating within this sector. As technological advancements accelerate and demand for data processing and storage grows, datacenter companies must continuously upgrade infrastructure and expand capacity, leading to high capital expenditures and increased operational costs. The highly competitive nature of the industry often results in aggressive pricing strategies that compress profit margins. Additionally, fluctuations in demand for data services, driven by economic conditions and shifts in technology trends, can lead to under-utilization of capacity, negatively affecting revenue streams and overall profitability. Furthermore, companies must navigate complex regulatory environments and manage significant energy consumption and environmental impact, adding to operational burdens and costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8E_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--InformationTechnologySectorRiskMember_z6A9OkcaWb1k"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in internet software and services, technology hardware and storage peripherals, electronic equipment instruments and components, and semiconductors and semiconductor equipment, among other things. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face rapid product obsolescence due to technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Failure to introduce new products, develop and maintain a loyal customer base, or achieve general market acceptance for their products could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on intellectual property and the loss of patent, copyright and trademark protections may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.</td></tr> </table> Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in securities or other instruments of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies. Financial markets in foreign countries often are not as developed, efficient, or liquid as financial markets in the United States, and therefore, the prices of non-U.S. securities and instruments can be more volatile. In addition, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign countries, which may include the imposition of economic sanctions. Generally, there is less readily available and reliable information about non-U.S. issuers due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards and regulatory practices. Investments in foreign companies’ securities, including investments via depositary receipts, are subject to special risks, including the following: <div id="xdx_A88_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DevelopedMarketsRiskMember_zxS4IdJzm4Wf"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Developed Markets Risk. Many developed market countries have heavy indebtedness, which may lead downward pressure on the economies of these countries. As a result, it is possible that interest rates on debt of certain developed countries may rise to levels that make it difficult for such countries to service high debt levels without significant help from other countries or from a central bank. Developed market countries generally are dependent on the economies of certain key trading partners. Changes in any one economy may cause an adverse impact on several developed countries.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A84_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--EmergingMarketsRiskMember_zBGsmvd3to1f"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td>Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled or headquartered in emerging market nations. Investments in securities traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, currency or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affecting the trading market and price for Fund Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8C_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--CurrencyRiskMember_zmuX8FnNBDe8"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Currency Risk. Changes in currency exchange rates can negatively affect securities denominated in and/or receiving revenues in foreign currencies. Adverse changes in currency exchange rates (relative to the U.S. dollar) may erode or reverse any potential gains from the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency or may widen existing losses. The liquidity and trading value of foreign currencies could be affected by global economic factors, such as inflation, interest rate levels, and trade balances among countries, as well as the actions of sovereign governments and central banks.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A80_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DepositaryReceiptRiskMember_zz2AFzTCnrv3"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities and give rise to certain additional risks. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (Underlying Shares). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.</td></tr> </table> Privately Placed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in non-exchange traded, privately placed securities, including privately placed securities issued by special purpose vehicles, which are subject to liquidity and valuation risks. These risks may make it difficult for those securities to be traded or valued, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition. The market for certain non-exchange traded securities may be limited to institutional investors, subjecting such investments to further liquidity risk if a market were to limit institutional trading. There may also be less information available regarding such non-exchange traded securities than for publicly traded securities, which may make it more difficult for the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser to fully evaluate the risks of investing in such securities and as a result place the Fund’s assets at a greater risk of loss than if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser has more complete information. In addition, the issuers of non-exchange traded securities may be distressed, insolvent, or delinquent in filing information needed to be listed on an exchange. Disposing of non-exchange traded securities, including privately placed securities, may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible. Securities purchased in private placements may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. Index-Linked Strategy Risk. The Fund’s strategy, though not passively replicating an Index, is linked to an Index maintained by the Index Provider that exercises complete control over the Index. The Index Provider may delay or add a rebalance date, which may adversely impact the performance of the Fund and its correlation to the Index. In addition, there is no guarantee that the methodology used by the Index Provider to identify constituents for the Index will achieve its intended result or positive performance. Errors in Index data, Index computations or the construction of the Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund. High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s strategy is linked to an Index that is expected to have a high portfolio turnover rate. As a result, the Fund is likewise expected to frequently trade all or a significant portion of the securities in its portfolio. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains. Models and Data Risk. The composition of the Fund’s portfolio is heavily dependent on investment models developed by the Sub-Adviser as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities from the Fund’s portfolio that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. Errors in programming, data entry, system compatibility, or database integrity can result in the unintended inclusion or exclusion of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Such errors, whether due to human or technological factors, could induce the Sub-Adviser to make investment choices that would not have been made with accurate and complete information, potentially leading to losses or missed gains for the Fund. Active Management Risk. The Sub-Adviser will actively monitor the Fund’s holdings and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. In addition, while the Fund seeks to achieve returns similar to those of the Index, there may be periods of time where the Fund’s holdings, and therefore its performance, deviate significantly from the holdings and performance of the Index Tracking Error Risk. The performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the instruments comprising the Index at all times or may hold positions not included in the Index. Unrelated Business Risk. Many of the companies in which the Fund will invest have other business lines unrelated to one of the thematic categories. These other lines of business could adversely affect those firms’ operating results and, in turn, hurt the Fund’s performance. The operating results of companies with other business lines may fluctuate independently of the fluctuations in the relevant thematic category businesses. In addition, a particular company’s ability to engage in new business activities may expose it to additional risks for which it has less experience than its existing business lines. Despite a company’s possible success in activities linked to its use or one or more thematic categories, there can be no assurance that its other lines of business will not adversely affect the company’s business, financial condition, or market value. In addition, a particular company’s unrelated business may impact the Fund’s investment returns and it may be difficult to isolate thematic category-related returns from other return sources. Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent the Index is so concentrated. In such an event, the value of the Fund’s Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that are invested in securities or financial instruments of companies that encompass a broader range of industries. Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets. ETF Risks. <p id="xdx_A89_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--AuthorizedParticipantsMarketMakersAndLiquidityProvidersConcentrationRiskMember_zQEzAeGF73K5" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. <p id="xdx_A81_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SharesMayTradeAtPricesOtherThanNavMember_zpMsE7tioa4j" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing. Market Capitalization Risk. <div id="xdx_A8E_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--LargecapitalizationInvestingMember_zxPWFoKz6lR1"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.</td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A84_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--MidcapitalizationInvestingMember_zHoordeRBE49"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Mid-Capitalization Investing. The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.</td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A88_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SmallcapitalizationInvestingMember_zBoUtdduxIt8"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Small-Capitalization Investing. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities or large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.</td></tr> </table> New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. Newer Sub-Adviser Risk. The Sub-Adviser is newly registered with the SEC and has limited experience with managing an exchange-traded fund regulated under the 1940 Act, which may limit the Sub-Adviser’s effectiveness. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Fund’s intended investment objective. Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks. U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so. Performance Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.VegaSharesETFs.com. Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. www.VegaSharesETFs.com VEGASHARES TRILLIONS ETF - FUND SUMMARY Investment Objective The VegaShares Trillions ETF (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation. Fees and Expenses of the Fund This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”). You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below. <div id="xdx_A8B_eoef--AnnualFundOperatingExpensesTableTextBlock_zl5XvqdZWEoh"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A5D_dU_zMBvZg3rg7Mb" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Annual Fund Operating Expenses"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td id="xdx_98F_eoef--OperatingExpensesCaption_c20260730__20260730__dei--LegalEntityAxis__custom--S000106712Member_z2O87uVcPMQf" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 90%; text-align: justify">Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)</td> <td id="xdx_497_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277598Member_zSKKvoAW8XTb" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; width: 10%; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr id="xdx_407_eoef--ManagementFeesOverAssets_dpn_zeGonGYG8S4j" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Management Fee(1) </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.49%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_401_eoef--DistributionAndService12b1FeesOverAssets_dpn_zi0MVmxFOxTk" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees </td> <td style="text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40E_eoef--OtherExpensesOverAssets_dpn_zIMdUPPD7wKg" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify">Other Expenses(2)</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: right">0.00%</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_40D_eoef--ExpensesOverAssets_dpn_zsEXJ0eyW5Q2" style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify">Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 2.25pt double; text-align: right">0.49%</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 2%">(1) </td> <td style="width: 98%; text-align: justify">Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td>(2) </td> <td style="text-align: justify">Estimated for the current year. </td></tr> </table> Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0049 0.0000 0.0000 0.0049 Estimated for the current year. This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then hold or redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: <div id="xdx_A86_eoef--ExpenseExampleWithRedemptionTableTextBlock_zgr55Oi1WFM1"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="xdx_A5D_dU_zukuh2LrzzQ4" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; width: 60%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: auto" summary="xdx: Disclosure - Expense Example"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td id="xdx_484_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear01_zmW8oZkTThg5" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">1 Year</td> <td id="xdx_483_eoef--ExpenseExampleYear03_z3tip0Z5bNu3" style="border-top: black 1pt solid; width: 50%; text-align: center">3 Years</td></tr> <tr id="xdx_411_20260730__20260730__oef--ClassAxis__custom--C000277598Member_zmfr40JA4W2j" style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$50</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center">$157</td></tr> </table> 50 157 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the expense example above, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available. Principal Investment Strategies Overview The Fund is an actively managed exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) that seeks capital appreciation by investing, directly or indirectly, in a portfolio of equity securities based on the BITA Trillion Dollar Cap Index (the “Index”). The Index tracks a selection of global publicly listed securities with a market capitalization of at least USD 1 trillion (“Trillion Dollar Assets”). The Fund will not replicate the Index, as the Fund’s investment sub-adviser, Vega Capital Partners, LLC (“Vega” or the “Sub-Adviser”), exercises investment discretion in constructing the Fund’s investment portfolio. For example, Vega: (i) determines whether, in its judgement, it is more favorable to the Fund for it to invest directly or synthetically in each security in the Index; (ii) reallocates the Fund’s portfolio holdings more frequently than the Index is rebalanced, when Vega believes doing so is in the Fund’s interest; and (iii) to the extent required for the Fund’s portfolio to comply with relevant regulatory requirements, invests in securities not currently included in the Index. In addition, the Fund will maintain an allocation to cash and/or U.S. Treasuries. While the Index’s methodology serves as the primary basis for the Fund’s portfolio construction and the identification of Trillion Dollar Assets, the Sub-Adviser will actively manage the Fund. The Sub-Adviser may buy or sell securities not yet included in, or not yet removed from, as the case may be, the Index prior to the Index’s rebalancing and reconstitution. Generally, the Sub-Adviser will use the Index’s criteria to guide its decisions. If the Sub-Adviser receives new information about an existing portfolio security or a potential Trillion Dollar Asset company after the Index’s last rebalancing and reconstitution, it has the discretion to trade those securities before the next Index rebalancing and reconstitution. For example, the Sub-Adviser may identify negative issues with a company’s outlook or potential opportunities to add new holdings. To further the example, the Fund may sell portfolio holdings of a company that has experienced a negative change in business circumstances (as described in the following paragraph) or invest in a company that is has recently exceeded $1 trillion in market capitalization. Accordingly, there may be times when the Fund’s holdings and performance deviate significantly from those of the Index. In constructing the Fund’s portfolio, the Sub-Adviser uses the Index’s components and weighting as a baseline or starting point, then utilizes both quantitative and fundamental analysis to evaluate the following factors when assessing the purchase or sale of portfolio holdings: (i) revenue exposure; (ii) earnings growth potential; (iii) free cash flow generation; (iv) competitive positioning; (v) valuation metrics; (vi) capital expenditure trends; and (vii) adoption and monetization opportunities of a company within the market sector it operates within. Portfolio weightings may be adjusted based on revenue growth trends, valuation opportunities, cycle positioning, earnings revisions, or market conditions. Portfolio positions may be reduced or eliminated when the Sub-Adviser determines a negative change in business circumstances has occurred, such as, for example, if the Sub-Adviser determines valuations become excessive, a company’s fundamental outlook deteriorates, its competitive position weakens, its revenue growth slows materially, or better risk/reward opportunities emerge elsewhere among potential Trillion Dollar Asset companies. The Fund may invest a portion of the portfolio in the equity securities of private, non-listed companies not represented in the Index that the Sub-Adviser identifies as having a market capitalization equivalent to a company identified as a Trillion Dollar Asset, or substantially similar attributes. In selecting securities of such private companies, the Sub-Adviser may look for private companies with market capitalizations similar to companies represented in the Index, but which are late-stage private companies nearing, or preparing for, an IPO. However, the Sub-Adviser may also select similar companies that are in earlier stages of development for inclusion in the Fund’s investment portfolio. Fund Attributes Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in Trillion Dollar Assets and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to Trillion Dollar Assets. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in companies that are not included in the 80% test noted above. These investments can include equity securities and depositary receipts of issuers that are not Index constituents. This 20% of the Fund’s portfolio may also be invested in cash or cash equivalents (including money market funds). The Fund will invest in large-capitalization companies. The Fund will invest in foreign securities, including directly in securities listed on global exchanges (ordinary shares) and indirectly through ADRs. The Fund may invest in foreign securities that are located in developed and emerging markets. The Fund determines a country’s or market’s classification as a developed or emerging market based on its MSCI designation. To the extent the Index is concentrated in a particular industry, the Fund is expected to be concentrated in that industry. As of the date of this Prospectus, issuers within the semiconductors and semiconductor equipment industry represented a significant portion of the Index. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. The Fund’s strategy is expected to result in a moderate to high rate of portfolio turnover. Direct/Synthetic Investments The Fund will invest in the equity securities either directly or indirectly (synthetically) using options and swaps (as described below). The Fund will generally invest indirectly to satisfy applicable tax requirements for regulated investment companies. The Fund may utilize listed options to achieve synthetic exposure to the Fund’s portfolio securities. The Fund primarily employes short-dated (a month or less) in-the-money call options (options with strike prices below the current market price of the underlying securities, offering immediate intrinsic value). These options allow the Fund to synthetically replicate the performance of underlying securities without direct ownership. The Fund may also utilize other option strategies to achieve similar synthetic exposure, including purchasing call options and selling put options with identical strike prices. These derivatives strategies enable the Fund to respond flexibly to market conditions, liquidity constraints, or other factors that may affect the availability or pricing of swap agreement. For additional details about the Fund’s use of operations, please refer to the section of the Prospectus entitled “Additional Information About the Fund.” In addition to options, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with financial institutions. These swap agreements are designed to synthetically replicate the performance of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio. The agreements will have specified durations, which will typically coincide with the Index’s reconstitution periods, but may range from one day to more than a year. Through each swap agreement, the Fund and the financial institution will agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) based on the performance of a particular security’s share price. The gross return (meaning the return before deducting any fees or expenses) to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties is calculated with respect to a “notional amount” – a predetermined dollar value representing the underlying security that the Fund seeks to replicate synthetically. Collateral In addition, the Fund will hold cash and/or short-term U.S. Treasury securities as collateral for the Fund’s derivatives transactions. The BITA Trillion Dollar Cap Index Index Overview The Index is constructed by BITA GbmH (the “Index Provider”) and aims to track a selection of global publicly listed companies with a market capitalization of at least USD 1 trillion. The Index ensures a diversified and investable portfolio while maintaining an equal-weighted approach. For more information, about the types of companies that the Index tracks, see “Additional Information About the Funds” below. The Index’s initial universe is determined by applying, among others, the following criteria: <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px"> </td> <td style="width: 30px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Security Types: Includes ordinary shares and American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Minimum Size: Companies must have a market capitalization of at least USD 1 trillion. If fewer than five securities meet this criterion, the Index expands to include the next-largest companies (by market capitalization) until it reaches a minimum of five constituents.</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Country and Exchange Requirements: To be eligible for inclusion, a company’s shares must be listed on one of the following stock exchanges (listed alphabetically by country): Australia (Australian Stock Exchange); Austria (Vienna Stock Exchange); Belgium (Euronext Brussels); Canada (Canadian Securities Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange, and TSX Venture Exchange); China (Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange); Denmark (Nasdaq Copenhagen); Finland (Nasdaq Helsinki); France (Euronext Paris Exchange); Germany (Deutsche Börse); Hong Kong (Hong Kong Stock Exchange); Ireland (Euronext Irish Stock Exchange); Israel (Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange); Italy (Borsa Italiana); Japan (Tokyo Stock Exchange); Netherlands (Euronext Amsterdam Stock Exchange); New Zealand (New Zealand Stock Exchange); Norway (Euronext Oslo Børs); Portugal (Euronext Lisbon); Singapore (Singapore Exchange); South Korea (Korea Exchange); Spain (Bolsas y Mercados Españoles); Sweden (Nasdaq Stockholm); Switzerland (SIX Swiss Exchange); Taiwan (Taiwan Stock Exchange); United Kingdom (London Stock Exchange); and United States (Nasdaq and New York Stock Exchange).</td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 30px; padding-bottom: 10pt">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 10pt">Free Float Percentage: Securities with a free float percentage (relative to total shares outstanding) below 50% are excluded.</td></tr> </table> As noted above, the Fund’s composition of portfolio holdings, and its performance, may deviate from that of the Index. The Index is reconstituted and rebalanced monthly (reconstitution means the Index is updated with new eligible companies based on current data; rebalancing means the weights of the companies in the Index are adjusted). In addition, the Index Provider may determine to substitute an Index constituent or make an extraordinary adjustment to the Index if it determines an extraordinary event has occurred. The determination date for regular adjustments (each, a “Selection Day”) occurs after market close on the third Friday of the rebalancing month. On each Selection Day, Index constituents are equally weighted. However, the Sub-Adviser has the discretion to adjust the Fund’s portfolio between reconstitutions. If fewer than five securities meet the minimum requirement of USD 1 trillion market capitalization, securities meeting the USD 1 trillion threshold will collectively receive at least 80% of the Index weight, and the remaining weight is allocated to the largest additional securities included to meet the minimum constituent count. The Index is owned, calculated, administered, and disseminated by the Index Provider. The Index Provider is not affiliated with the Fund, the Adviser, or the Sub-Adviser. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in Trillion Dollar Assets and/or financial instruments (such as options or swaps) that provide indirect exposure to Trillion Dollar Assets. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in the Fund. Equity Market Risk. Common stocks, such as those held by the Fund, are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stock and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from specific issuers. The equity securities held in the Fund’s portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, or sectors in which the Fund invests. Derivatives Risk. Derivatives are financial instruments that derive value from the underlying reference asset or assets, such as stocks, bonds, or funds (including ETFs), interest rates or indexes. The Fund’s investments in derivatives may pose risks in addition to, and greater than, those associated with directly investing in securities or other ordinary investments, including risk related to the market, imperfect correlation with underlying investments or the Fund’s other portfolio holdings, higher price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty risk, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The use of derivatives may result in larger losses or smaller gains than directly investing in securities. When the Fund uses derivatives, there may be an imperfect correlation between the value of the underlying security and the derivative, which may prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. Because derivatives often require only a limited initial investment, the use of derivatives may expose the Fund to losses in excess of those amounts initially invested. In addition, the Fund’s investments in derivatives are subject to the following risks: Options Contracts. The use of options contracts involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The prices of options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in the value of the underlying instrument, including the anticipated volatility, which are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political, changes in the actual or implied volatility or the reference asset, the time remaining until the expiration of the option contract and economic events. For the Fund in particular, the value of the options contracts in which it invests are substantially influenced by the value of the relevant Underlying Securities. The Fund may experience substantial downside from specific option positions and certain option positions held by the Fund may expire worthless. The options held by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As an option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the underlying instrument. However, prior to such date, the value of an option generally does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying instrument. There may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the values of options contracts and the underlying instrument, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain options contracts. The value of the options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. Additionally, as the Fund may continuously maintain indirect exposure to one or more of the underlying securities through the use of options contracts, as the options contracts it holds are exercised or expire it will enter into new options contracts, a practice referred to as “rolling.” If the expiring options contracts do not generate proceeds enough to cover the cost of entering into new options contracts, the Fund may experience losses. Swap Agreements. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the Adviser to structure such swap agreements in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and to identify counterparties for those swap agreements. Additionally, any financing, borrowing or other costs associated with using swap transactions may also have the effect of lowering the Fund’s return. The swap agreements in which the Fund invests are generally traded in the over-the-counter market, which generally has less transparency than exchange-traded derivatives instruments. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the return (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined reference assets or underlying securities or instruments. The gross return to be exchanged or swapped between the parties is calculated based on a notional amount or the return on or change in value of a particular dollar amount invested in a basket of securities. If an underlying security has a dramatic move that causes a material decline in the Fund’s net assets, the terms of a swap agreement between the Fund and its counterparty may permit the counterparty to immediately close out the swap transaction with the Fund. In that event, the Fund could be forced to invest directly in the underlying security at a potentially unfavorable time. Counterparty Risk. The Fund is subject to counterparty risk by virtue of its investments in options contracts. Transactions in some types of derivatives, including options, are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared derivatives”). In a transaction involving cleared derivatives, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Customer funds held at a clearing organization in connection with any options contracts are held in a commingled omnibus account and are not identified to the name of the clearing member’s individual customers. As a result, assets deposited by the Fund with any clearing member as margin for options may, in certain circumstances, be used to satisfy losses of other clients of the Fund’s clearing member. In addition, although clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house, there is a risk that the assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the clearing member’s bankruptcy, as the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for the relevant account class. The Fund is also subject to the risk that a limited number of clearing members are willing to transact on the Fund’s behalf, which heightens the risks associated with a clearing member’s default. If a clearing member defaults the Fund could lose some or all of the benefits of a transaction entered into by the Fund with the clearing member. If the Fund cannot find a clearing member to transact with on the Fund’s behalf, the Fund may be unable to effectively implement its investment strategy. Sector and Industry Risks. <div id="xdx_A87_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SemiconductorsAndSemiconductorEquipmentIndustryRiskMember_z24bXpWBbi9l"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Semiconductors & Semiconductor Equipment Industry Risk. Semiconductor companies may face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, and such competition may have an adverse effect on their profit margins. Semiconductor companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. Semiconductor companies’ supply chain and operations are dependent on the availability of materials that meet exacting standards and the use of third parties to provide components and services. Semiconductor companies may rely on a limited number of suppliers, or upon suppliers in a single location, for certain materials, equipment or tools. Finding and qualifying alternate or additional suppliers can be a lengthy process that can cause production delays or impose unforeseen costs, and such alternatives may not be available at all. Production can be disrupted by the unavailability of resources, such as water, silicon, electricity, gases and other materials. Suppliers may also increase prices or encounter cybersecurity or other issues that can disrupt production or increase production costs.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8C_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--InformationTechnologySectorRiskMember_znPBWx8aG2Le"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Information Technology Sector Risk. The information technology sector includes companies engaged in internet software and services, technology hardware and storage peripherals, electronic equipment instruments and components, and semiconductors and semiconductor equipment, among other things. Information technology companies face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, which may have an adverse effect on profit margins. Information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. The products of information technology companies may face rapid product obsolescence due to technological developments and frequent new product introduction, unpredictable changes in growth rates and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Failure to introduce new products, develop and maintain a loyal customer base, or achieve general market acceptance for their products could have a material adverse effect on a company’s business. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on intellectual property and the loss of patent, copyright and trademark protections may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.</td></tr> </table> Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in securities or other instruments of non-U.S. issuers involve certain risks not involved in domestic investments and may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than investments in securities of U.S. companies. Financial markets in foreign countries often are not as developed, efficient, or liquid as financial markets in the United States, and therefore, the prices of non-U.S. securities and instruments can be more volatile. In addition, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with adverse political and economic developments in foreign countries, which may include the imposition of economic sanctions. Generally, there is less readily available and reliable information about non-U.S. issuers due to less rigorous disclosure or accounting standards and regulatory practices. Investments in foreign companies’ securities, including investments via depositary receipts, are subject to special risks, including the following: <div id="xdx_A81_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DevelopedMarketsRiskMember_zaf2Lw6Yk4v2"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Developed Markets Risk. Many developed market countries have heavy indebtedness, which may lead downward pressure on the economies of these countries. As a result, it is possible that interest rates on debt of certain developed countries may rise to levels that make it difficult for such countries to service high debt levels without significant help from other countries or from a central bank. Developed market countries generally are dependent on the economies of certain key trading partners. Changes in any one economy may cause an adverse impact on several developed countries.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8E_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--EmergingMarketsRiskMember_zvHadttytO5g"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td>Emerging Markets Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by companies domiciled or headquartered in emerging market nations. Investments in securities traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, currency or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affecting the trading market and price for Fund Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value. </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8F_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--CurrencyRiskMember_zJoor4eoQcae"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Currency Risk. Changes in currency exchange rates can negatively affect securities denominated in and/or receiving revenues in foreign currencies. Adverse changes in currency exchange rates (relative to the U.S. dollar) may erode or reverse any potential gains from the Fund’s investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency or may widen existing losses. The liquidity and trading value of foreign currencies could be affected by global economic factors, such as inflation, interest rate levels, and trade balances among countries, as well as the actions of sovereign governments and central banks.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td></tr> </table> <div id="xdx_A8C_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--DepositaryReceiptRiskMember_zlbX7bchMNe7"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Depositary Receipt Risk. Depositary receipts involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities and give rise to certain additional risks. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. or foreign exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares (Underlying Shares). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares.</td></tr> </table> Privately Placed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in non-exchange traded, privately placed securities, including privately placed securities issued by special purpose vehicles, which are subject to liquidity and valuation risks. These risks may make it difficult for those securities to be traded or valued, especially in the event of adverse economic and liquidity conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition. The market for certain non-exchange traded securities may be limited to institutional investors, subjecting such investments to further liquidity risk if a market were to limit institutional trading. There may also be less information available regarding such non-exchange traded securities than for publicly traded securities, which may make it more difficult for the Adviser and the Sub-Adviser to fully evaluate the risks of investing in such securities and as a result place the Fund’s assets at a greater risk of loss than if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser has more complete information. In addition, the issuers of non-exchange traded securities may be distressed, insolvent, or delinquent in filing information needed to be listed on an exchange. Disposing of non-exchange traded securities, including privately placed securities, may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible. Securities purchased in private placements may be subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Fund may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. Index-Linked Strategy Risk. The Fund’s strategy, though not passively replicating an Index, is linked to an Index maintained by the Index Provider that exercises complete control over the Index. The Index Provider may delay or add a rebalance date, which may adversely impact the performance of the Fund and its correlation to the Index. In addition, there is no guarantee that the methodology used by the Index Provider to identify constituents for the Index will achieve its intended result or positive performance. Errors in Index data, Index computations or the construction of the Index in accordance with its methodology may occur from time to time and may not be identified and/or corrected for a period of time or at all, which may have an adverse impact on the Fund. High Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s strategy is linked to an Index that is expected to have a high portfolio turnover rate. As a result, the Fund is likewise expected to frequently trade all or a significant portion of the securities in its portfolio. A high portfolio turnover rate increases transaction costs, which may increase the Fund’s expenses. Frequent trading may also cause adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund due to an increase in short-term capital gains. Models and Data Risk. The composition of the Fund’s portfolio is heavily dependent on investment models developed by the Sub-Adviser as well as information and data supplied by third parties (“Models and Data”). When Models and Data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance thereon may lead to the inclusion or exclusion of securities from the Fund’s portfolio that would have been excluded or included had the Models and Data been correct and complete. Errors in programming, data entry, system compatibility, or database integrity can result in the unintended inclusion or exclusion of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Such errors, whether due to human or technological factors, could induce the Sub-Adviser to make investment choices that would not have been made with accurate and complete information, potentially leading to losses or missed gains for the Fund. Active Management Risk. The Sub-Adviser will actively monitor the Fund’s holdings and may not meet its investment objective based on the Sub-Adviser’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. In addition, while the Fund seeks to achieve returns similar to those of the Index, there may be periods of time where the Fund’s holdings, and therefore its performance, deviate significantly from the holdings and performance of the Index Tracking Error Risk. The performance of the Fund and its Index may differ from each other for a variety of reasons. For example, the Fund incurs operating expenses and portfolio transaction costs not incurred by the Index. In addition, the Fund may not be fully invested in the instruments comprising the Index at all times or may hold positions not included in the Index. Concentration Risk. The Fund’s investments will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries to the extent the Index is so concentrated. In such an event, the value of the Fund’s Shares may rise and fall more than the value of shares that are invested in securities or financial instruments of companies that encompass a broader range of industries. Economic and Market Risk. Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one country or region will adversely impact markets or issuers in other countries or regions. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform in comparison to securities in the general financial markets, a particular financial market, or other asset classes, due to a number of factors, including inflation (or expectations for inflation), deflation (or expectations for deflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, market instability, financial system instability, debt crises and downgrades, embargoes, tariffs, sanctions and other trade barriers, regulatory events, other governmental trade or market control programs and related geopolitical events. In addition, the value of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected by the occurrence of global events such as war, terrorism, environmental disasters, natural disasters or events, country instability, and infectious disease epidemics or pandemics. The imposition by the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from foreign countries and reciprocal tariffs levied on U.S. goods by those countries also may lead to volatility and instability in domestic and foreign markets. ETF Risks. <p id="xdx_A8B_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--AuthorizedParticipantsMarketMakersAndLiquidityProvidersConcentrationRiskMember_zXQrV1KMzhua" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that are authorized to purchase and redeem Shares directly from the Fund (known as “Authorized Participants” or “APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services; or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions. Cash Redemption Risk. The Fund’s investment strategy may require it to redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. For example, the Fund may not be able to redeem in-kind certain securities held by the Fund (e.g., derivative instruments). In such a case, the Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used. By paying out higher annual capital gain distributions, investors may be subjected to increased capital gains taxes. Additionally, there may be brokerage costs or taxable gains or losses that may be imposed on the Fund in connection with a cash redemption that may not have occurred if the Fund had made a redemption in-kind. These costs could decrease the value of the Fund to the extent they are not offset by a transaction fee payable by an AP. Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. <p id="xdx_A84_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--SharesMayTradeAtPricesOtherThanNavMember_z1ldLWNvl5Id" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Trading. Although Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, such as CBOE BZX Exchange, Inc. (the “Exchange”), and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for the Shares will develop or be maintained or that the Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares. Shares trade on the Exchange at market price that may be below, at or above the Fund’s NAV. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. As a result, the Fund could be adversely affected and be unable to implement its investment strategies in the event of an unscheduled closing. Market Capitalization Risk. <div id="xdx_A81_eoef--RiskTextBlock_hoef--RiskAxis__custom--LargecapitalizationInvestingMember_z9boT9G8uxej"></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 38px"> </td> <td style="width: 38px">●</td> <td style="text-align: justify">Large-Capitalization Investing. The securities of large-capitalization companies may be relatively mature compared to smaller companies and therefore subject to slower growth during times of economic expansion. Large-capitalization companies may also be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes.</td></tr> </table> New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions. Newer Sub-Adviser Risk. The Sub-Adviser is newly registered with the SEC and has limited experience with managing an exchange-traded fund regulated under the 1940 Act, which may limit the Sub-Adviser’s effectiveness. As a result, there is no long-term track record against which an investor may judge the Sub-Adviser and it is possible the Sub-Adviser may not achieve the Fund’s intended investment objective. Non-Diversification Risk. Because the Fund is “non-diversified,” it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund’s overall value to decline to a greater degree than if the Fund held a more diversified portfolio. Operational Risk. The Fund is subject to risks arising from various operational factors, including, but not limited to, human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund’s service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund relies on third parties for a range of services, including custody. Any delay or failure relating to engaging or maintaining such service providers may affect the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective. Although the Fund and Adviser seek to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures, there is no way to completely protect against such risks. U.S. Government and U.S. Agency Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. Government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities, such as the U.S. Treasury. Payment of principal and interest on U.S. Government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises) where it is not obligated to do so. Performance Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.VegaSharesETFs.com. Performance information for the Fund is not included because the Fund has not completed a full calendar year of operations as of the date of this Prospectus. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund’s average annual total returns compare with those of the Index and a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. www.VegaSharesETFs.com Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. Estimated for the current year. Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. Estimated for the current year. Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. Estimated for the current year. Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. Estimated for the current year. Under the Fund’s investment advisory agreement, in exchange for a single unitary management fee from the Fund, the Fund’s adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund, except for its advisory fee, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), and litigation expenses, and other non-routine or extraordinary expenses. Estimated for the current year.