v3.26.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our consolidated accounts.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its subsidiaries and any single member limited liability companies or other entities which are consolidated in accordance with GAAP. The Company consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary and voting interest entities that are generally majority owned or otherwise controlled by the Company. Generally, a VIE is an entity with one or more of the following characteristics: (1) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (2) as a group, the holders of the equity investment at risk (a) lack the power through voting or similar rights to make decisions about the entity’s activities that significantly impact the entity’s performance, (b) have no obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (c) have no right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, or (3) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportional to their economic interests, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve, or are conducted on behalf of, an investor that has disproportionately fewer voting rights. A VIE is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE has (1) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE.

The Company has consolidated all VIEs for the periods presented because we are the primary beneficiary and have the power to direct the activities that impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s most significant assumptions and estimates relate to the useful lives of real estate assets, lease accounting, real estate impairment assessments and allocation of fair value of purchase consideration. These estimates are based on historical experience and other assumptions which management believes are reasonable. The Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis and revises these estimates and related disclosures as experience develops or new information becomes known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Investments in Real Estate

Real estate assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company evaluates each acquisition transaction to determine whether the acquired asset meets the definition of a business and therefore accounted for as a business combination or if the acquisition transaction should be accounted for as an asset acquisition. Under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business” (“ASU 2017-01”), an acquisition does not qualify as a

business when substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets or the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Transaction costs related to acquisitions that qualify as asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs for acquisitions that are deemed to be acquisitions of a business are expensed as incurred.

The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired properties accounted for as asset acquisitions to tangible and identifiable intangible assets or liabilities based on their relative fair values. Tangible assets may include land, buildings, site improvements and tenant improvements. Intangible assets include the value of in-place leases and above-market leases, and intangible liabilities include below-market leases. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property with an in-place operating lease is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, and the “as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to the tangible assets based on the relative fair value of the tangible assets. The fair value of in-place leases is determined by considering estimates of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods, current market conditions as well as costs to execute similar leases based on the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. The Company estimates the cost to execute leases with terms similar to the remaining lease terms of the in-place leases, including tenant improvements, leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.

The values of acquired above-market and below-market leases are recorded based on the present values (using discount rates which reflect the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the differences between the contractual amounts to be received and management’s estimate of market lease rates, measured over the terms of the respective leases that management deemed appropriate at the time of the acquisitions. Such valuations include consideration of the noncancelable terms of the respective leases as well as any applicable renewal periods whereby the Company is reasonably certain the tenant will utilize their extension option. The fair values associated with below-market rental renewal options are determined based on the Company’s experience and the relevant facts and circumstances that existed at the time of the acquisitions. The values of the above-market and below-market leases are amortized over the term of the respective leases, including certain renewal options (as applicable), as an adjustment to rental revenue on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The value of other intangible assets (including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, etc.) are amortized to expense over the applicable terms of the respective leases. Tenant improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lives of the related leases, which approximate the useful lives of the tenant improvements. If a lease were to be terminated prior to its stated expiration or not renewed, all unamortized amounts relating to that lease would be recognized in operations at that time. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes a number of sources and also considers information and other factors including market conditions, the industry that the tenant operates in, characteristics of the real estate; e.g., location, size, demographics, value and comparative rental rates; tenant credit profile and the importance of the location of the real estate to the operations of the tenant’s business. Additionally, the Company considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the relative fair value of the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities acquired. The Company’s methodology for measuring and allocating the fair value of real estate acquisitions includes both observable market data (categorized as level 2 on the three-level valuation hierarchy of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement), and unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own internal assumptions (categorized as level 3 under ASC Topic 820). Given the significance of the unobservable inputs the Company believes the allocations of fair value of real estate acquisitions should be categorized as level 3 under ASC Topic 820.

Management reviews each real estate investment for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a real estate investment may not be recoverable. The review of recoverability of real estate investments held for use is based on an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows that are expected to result from the real estate investment’s use and eventual disposition. These cash flows consider factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of leasing demand, capital expenditures, competition and other factors. If an impairment event exists due to the projected inability to recover the carrying value of a real estate investment, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value. No impairments were recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.

Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company considers the period of future benefit of each respective asset to determine its appropriate useful life. The estimated useful lives of the Company’s real estate assets by class are generally as follows:

 

Building and Intangibles

 

Depreciation or
Amortization
Basis

 

Depreciation or
Amortization
Range (in years)

Building

 

Useful life of building

 

19-49

Building improvements

 

Useful life of improvements

 

5-40

Tenant improvement allowance

 

Shorter of useful life or life of lease

 

11-22

Lease costs

 

Life of lease

 

11-22

Legal and marketing costs

 

Life of lease

 

11-22

Above or below market lease value

 

Life of lease

 

11-22

Lease in place value

 

Life of lease

 

11-22

 

Expenditures for improvements that substantially extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and betterments that do not substantially prolong the normal useful life of an asset are expensed as incurred.

Sale-Leasebacks

All sale-leaseback transactions are evaluated in accordance with GAAP to determine if they meet the criteria for sale recognition.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company completed three sale-leaseback transactions. The Company did not complete any sale-leaseback transactions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Real Estate Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

The Company follows the guidance for reporting discontinued operations, whereby a disposal of an individual property or group of properties is required to be reported in “discontinued operations” only if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. The results of operations for those properties not meeting such criteria are reported in “continuing operations” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no discontinued operations in the current year.

The carrying values of the assets and liabilities of properties determined to be held for sale, principally the net book values of the real estate are reclassified as “held for sale” on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at the time such determinations are made, on a prospective basis only.

The Company classifies the assets and liabilities related to its real estate investments as held for sale in the period in which all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Company commits to a plan and has the authority to sell the asset; (ii) the asset is available for sale in its current condition; (iii) the Company has initiated an active marketing plan to locate a buyer for the asset; (iv) the sale of the asset is both probable and expected to qualify for full sales recognition within a period of 12 months; (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and (vi) the Company does not anticipate changes to its plan to sell the asset or that the plan will be withdrawn. The Company classifies held for sale assets and liabilities at the lower of depreciated cost or fair value less closing costs. There were no properties held for sale as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed the limits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. However, the Company deposits its cash and cash equivalents with high credit-quality institutions to minimize credit risk exposure.

Restricted Cash

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the restricted cash balance of $26,617 and $19,988, respectively, was related to a tenant improvement escrow, tenant security deposit, and subscriptions received in advance.

Subscriptions Received in Advance

Subscriptions received in advance represent amounts received from investors prior to the effective date of their investment in the Company. These amounts are recorded as a liability until the subscription is fully processed and the investor’s capital is accepted by the Company. Upon acceptance, the liability is reclassified to equity.

Derivatives

The Company may enter into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps and caps, to manage interest rate exposure. The Company’s derivative instruments may include instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. To qualify for hedge accounting, the hedging relationship, both at inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, must be expected to be highly effective at offsetting the variability in hedged cash flows attributable to the hedged risk (e.g., a variable interest rate index).

All derivatives are recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value and are generally reported gross, regardless of netting arrangements. Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the hedge accounting requirements or the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting.

The fair value of the interest rate swaps and caps contracts are estimated at an amount the Company would receive or pay to terminate the agreement at the balance sheet date, taking into consideration current interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and creditworthiness of the counterparty.

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting guidance for fair value measurement establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three levels:

Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 – Quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, valued using inputs other than quoted prices.
Level 3 – Prices or valuation that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

Fair value is a market-based measurement, based on assumptions of prices and inputs considered from the perspective of a market participant as of the measurement date, rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, the Company’s own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels. In all instances when the inputs fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. As such, a Level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are both observable and unobservable. Gains and losses for such assets categorized within Level 3 may include changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable inputs and unobservable inputs.

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable

Pursuant to ASC 842, the Company has elected the practical expedient not to separate the non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, from its leases. Management has determined that all of the Company’s leases with its various tenants are operating leases. The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectability is probable and records amounts expected to be received in later years as straight-line rent receivable. Straight-line rent receivable was $73,081 and $68,254 as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and represents rent earned in excess of rent received as a result of straight-lining rents over the terms of the leases, in accordance with GAAP and is included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Straight-line rent liability represents rent received in excess of rent earned as a result of straight-lining rents over the terms of the leases. The Company records property operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs in the period the related expenses are incurred.

Accounts receivables include unpaid amounts billed to tenants, disputed enforceable charges and accrued revenues for future billings to tenants for property expenses. We evaluate the collectability of amounts due from tenants and disputed enforceable charges on both a lease-by-lease and a portfolio-level, which result from the inability of tenants to make required payments under their operating lease agreements. We recognize changes in the collectability assessment of these operating leases as adjustments to rental revenue in accordance with ASC 842 Leases. Management exercises judgment in assessing collectability and considers payment history, current credit status and publicly available information about the financial condition of the tenant, among other factors. Accounts receivables, and straight-line rents receivable, are written off directly when management deems the collectability of substantially all future lease payments from a specific lease is not probable, at which point, the Company will begin recognizing revenue from such leases prospectively, based on actual amounts received. This write-off effectively reduces cumulative non-cash rental income recognized from the straight lining of rents since lease commencement. If the Company subsequently determines that it is probable it will collect substantially all of the lessee’s remaining lease payments under the lease term, the Company will reinstate the receivables balance, including those arising from the straight lining of rents.

Deferred Financing Costs

Financing costs related to the issuance of the Company’s long-term debt are deferred and amortized as an increase to interest expense over the term of the related debt instrument using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. The carrying value of the deferred financing costs related to mortgage notes and credit facility was $12,694 and $14,125, respectively, which was net of accumulated amortization of $12,487 and $10,656, as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and was recorded as a direct deduction to the related debt on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amortization of deferred financing costs was $1,133 and $598 for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and is included in interest expense on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of deferred financing costs was $1,992 and $1,250 for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and is included in interest expense on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Earnings Per Share

The Company’s earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts have been computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. The Company uses the two-class method in calculating EPS when it issues securities other than common stock that contractually entitle the holder to participate in dividends and earnings of the Company when, and if, the Company declares dividends on its common stock. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period of computation. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock assuming all potential shares had been issued, and its related net impact to net assets accounted for, and the additional shares of common stock were dilutive. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution, using the as-if-converted method for convertible debt, which could occur if all potentially dilutive securities were exercised. Dilutive securities include unvested and unsettled restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and other share-based payment awards. RSUs are included in the calculation of diluted EPS under the treasury stock method when the effect is dilutive, based on the number of shares that would be issued if the end-of-period conditions were met, including the assumed satisfaction of any performance or service conditions. All classes of common stock are allocated net income/(loss) at the same rate per share, excluding management fees and performance participation allocation, and receive the same gross distribution per share.

The basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are as follows:

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

June 30, 2026

 

 

June 30, 2025

 

 

Basic EPS

 

 

Diluted EPS

 

 

Basic EPS

 

 

Diluted EPS

 

Class A

 

$

0.10

 

 

$

0.10

 

 

$

0.12

 

 

$

0.12

 

Class F

 

$

0.05

 

 

$

0.05

 

 

$

0.10

 

 

$

0.10

 

Class I

 

$

0.01

 

 

$

0.01

 

 

$

0.09

 

 

$

0.09

 

Class E

 

$

0.21

 

 

$

0.20

 

 

$

0.20

 

 

$

0.20

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

June 30, 2026

 

 

June 30, 2025

 

 

Basic EPS

 

 

Diluted EPS

 

 

Basic EPS

 

 

Diluted EPS

 

Class A

 

$

0.24

 

 

$

0.24

 

 

$

0.26

 

 

$

0.26

 

Class F

 

$

0.15

 

 

$

0.15

 

 

$

0.22

 

 

$

0.22

 

Class I

 

$

0.07

 

 

$

0.07

 

 

$

0.18

 

 

$

0.18

 

Class E

 

$

0.44

 

 

$

0.43

 

 

$

0.41

 

 

$

0.41

 

 

Segment Information

The Company leases its net-lease properties primarily to middle market industrial tenants and reports its business as a single reportable segment. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) who allocates resources and assesses financial performance. The CODM reviews net income and assesses the performance of the Company’s current portfolio of net-lease properties and makes operating decisions accordingly. Net income is used by the CODM in assessing the operating performance of the segment and to monitor budget versus actual results. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as total assets. As a result, the Company conducts its business as a single operating segment. Given the triple-net nature of the leases, all expense categories presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations are significant.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected and is qualified to be taxed as a REIT, as it complies with the related provisions under the Code, as amended. Accordingly, the Company generally is not and will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent of its distributions to shareholders and as long as certain asset, income and share ownership tests are met. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must annually distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its shareholders and meet certain other requirements. Under certain circumstances, federal income and excise taxes may be due on its undistributed taxable income. The Company may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. If the Company fails to meet these requirements, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, which could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distributions to its shareholders. Application of tax laws and regulations to various types of transactions is susceptible to varying interpretations. Therefore, amounts reported in the financial statements could be changed at a later date upon final determination by the taxing authorities. No such examinations by taxing authorities are presently in process.

The Company provides for uncertain tax positions based upon management’s assessment of whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. Management is required to determine whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Because assumptions are used in determining whether a tax benefit is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities, actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions and tax-related interest and penalties, if applicable, as a component of income tax expense. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, no such amounts were recognized. The tax years ended on December 31, 2023 and forward remain subject to examination by the U.S. Federal, state and local tax authorities.

Foreign Exchange

The accounting records of the Company are maintained in U.S. dollars. Investments denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based on the rate of exchange of such currencies on the date of valuation. Purchases and sales of investments and income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based on the rate of exchange of such currencies on the respective dates of the transactions. Such fluctuations are included with “Net change in unrealized (depreciation)/appreciation on investments related to foreign exchange fluctuations” and “Net realized loss on financial instruments” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Recently Issued and Accounting Pronouncements Not Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses which provides an update to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and provide more detailed information about the types of expenses, including purchase of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and amortization in commonly presented expense captions such as cost of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development. ASU 2024-03 is effective on either a prospective basis, with the option for retrospective application, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The Company did not early adopt ASU 2024-03 and is still evaluating the impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity. ASU 2025-03 removes the prior default that the primary beneficiary of an acquired VIE is always the accounting acquirer and instead requires entities to apply the acquirer identification factors in ASC 805-10-55-12 through 55-15 when the legal acquiree is a VIE that meets the definition of a business and the transaction is effected primarily by exchanging equity interests. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted, and are to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-03 on its financial statements.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements. ASU 2025-09 makes targeted improvements to more closely align hedge accounting with an entity's risk management activities, including replacing the shared risk exposure requirement with a similar risk exposure standard for cash flow hedge groupings, introducing a model for hedging interest payments on choose-your-rate debt instruments, broadening hedge accounting for forecasted non-financial asset transactions, removing the net written option test for certain compound derivatives, and eliminating recognition mismatches in dual-hedge structures. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted, and are to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-09 on its financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. ASU 2025-11 clarifies the scope, form and content, and disclosure requirements of interim financial statements by compiling existing interim disclosure requirements into a single comprehensive list within Topic 270 and adding a disclosure principle requiring entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The amendments are not intended to expand or reduce current interim disclosure requirements. ASU 2025-11 is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2025-11 on its financial statements.