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As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 28, 2026
File No. 811-23859
File No. 333-270997
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
| | | | | |
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☒ |
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ |
Post‑Effective Amendment No. 107 | ☒ |
| and/or | |
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☒ |
Amendment No. 110 | ☒ |
Advisor Managed Portfolios
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(626) 914-7385
(Registrant’s Telephone Numbers, Including Area Code)
The Corporation Trust Company
1209 Orange Street
Corporation Trust Center
Wilmington, Delaware 19801
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
| | | | | |
Russell B. Simon, President Advisor Managed Portfolios c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services 9467 Milliken Avenue Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91730 | Christopher D. Menconi, Esquire Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, D.C. 20004 |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective | | | | | |
| o | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
| ☒ | On July 29, 2026 pursuant to paragraph (b) |
| o | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
| o | on pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
| o | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
| o | on pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485. |
Explanatory Note: This Post-Effective Amendment No. 107 to the Registration Statement of Advisor Managed Portfolios is being filed to add the audited financial statements and certain related financial information for the fiscal period ended March 31, 2026 and to make other permissible changes for the Trust’s series: BHILL Fund.
BHILL Fund
Managed Account Completion Shares (BHILX)
PROSPECTUS
July 29, 2026
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY SECTION
Investment Objective
The BHILL Fund (the “Fund”) seeks capital appreciation and income.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
The following table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and the Example below.
| | | | | |
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
| |
| Management Fees | 0.00% |
| Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees | None |
| Other Expenses | 0.41% |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.43%¹ |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.84% |
Expense Reimbursements2 | -0.41% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursements | 0.43%³ |
1 Acquired fund fees and expenses reflect the Fund’s pro rata share of the fees and expenses incurred by investing in other investment companies. Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses do not correlate to the “Ratio of expenses to average net assets” in the Financial Highlights because the Financial Highlights reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include 0.43% that is attributed to acquired fund fees and expenses.
2 The Fund’s investment advisor, Bramshill Investments, LLC (“Bramshill” or the “Advisor”), has contractually agreed to pay or reimburse all expenses of the Fund, except certain expenses, indefinitely. Excluded expenses include dividend expense, interest expense, acquired fund fees and expenses, and certain other Fund expenses listed in the expense limitation agreement, which may only be terminated by the Advisor with the consent of the Board of Trustees of Advisor Managed Portfolios (the “Board”).
3 The Fund is an investment option for certain “wrap-fee” programs or other separately managed account clients for which the Advisor receives compensation pursuant to separate management agreements. Wrap-fee program participants pay a “wrap-fee” to the sponsor of the program, which typically covers investment advice and transaction costs on trades executed with the sponsor or designated broker-dealers. You should read carefully the wrap-fee or other program brochure provided to you by your program sponsor or investment advisor. The brochure is required to include information about the fees charged to you and, in case of a wrap-fee program, the fees paid by the sponsor to the Advisor. For additional information regarding separately managed account/wrap fees, please refer to the wrap brochure from the Advisor and/or your wrap-fee program sponsor.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The amounts calculated in the Example would be the same even if the assumed investment was not redeemed at the end of each period. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same (taking into account the expense reimbursement for the first year of each period). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $44 | $138 | $241 | $542 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 195% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund
The Fund generally invests in a mix of mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), and closed-end funds that invest in domestic fixed income securities and may also make direct investments in such fixed income securities. From time to time, the Fund may maintain up to 100% of its assets in a single mutual fund, ETF, or closed-end fund. The Fund’s direct and indirect fixed income holdings may include investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, high yield (i.e., junk bonds), preferred stocks, variable- and floating-rate instruments, municipal bonds, and U.S Treasuries. The Fund implements a tactical fixed income strategy that seeks to maximize total return across different types of fixed income products and, based on market conditions, may also hold cash and cash equivalents. The Fund’s investments are comprised of an actively managed portfolio of income-producing securities. The Fund may also invest up to 10% of its assets in securities of foreign issuers of U.S. dollar denominated fixed income securities. The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in high yield bonds (i.e., junk bonds), which are defined as corporate bonds rated below Baa by Moody’s, or equivalently rated by S&P or Fitch, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality.
The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities of any duration, maturity or quality. Bramshill periodically shifts the portfolio’s duration opportunistically seeking to generate alpha in both falling and rising interest rate environments. Duration is a measure of the sensitivity of a fixed income security’s price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a security’s yield, coupon, final maturity, and call features, among other characteristics. The longer a fixed-income security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates were to rise by 1% the price of a fixed income security with a duration of 5 years would be expected to fall 5% and, if interest rates were to fall by 1%, the price of the security would be expected to rise by 5%. Maturity is the date on which a fixed-income security becomes due for payment of principal. In order to hedge certain risks, the Fund may invest in futures contracts, which are a type of derivative instrument. Floating rate instruments reset their interest rate periodically over a base rate, with rates tied to a representative interest rate index (for example, the Treasury Note Constant Maturity Rate).
The Fund may engage in frequent and active trading as part of its principal investment strategies. The Fund is classified as non-diversified, which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund
Losing all or a portion of your investment is a risk of investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment Following is a summary of principal risks of investing in the Fund. The relative significance of each risk factor may change over time and you should review each factor carefully. These risks could affect the value of your investment:
Credit Risk
The risk that issuers of fixed income securities in which the Fund invests experience unanticipated financial problems causing their securities to decline in value. Changes in the market’s perception of the issuer’s financial strength or in a security’s credit rating, which reflects a third party’s assessment of the credit risk presented by a particular issuer, may affect debt securities’ value. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risk that the issuer of a fixed income security will fail to make timely payments of interest or principal, or may stop making such payments altogether.
Interest Rate Risk
When interest rates increase, fixed income securities generally will decline in value and, as a result, an increase in interest rates may result in a decrease in the value of debt securities held by the Fund. Conversely, as interest rates decrease, the prices of fixed income securities tend to increase. The price volatility of a debt security also depends on its maturity. Longer-term securities are generally more volatile, so the longer the average maturity or duration
of these securities, the greater their price risk. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a security’s yield, coupon, final maturity, and call features, among other characteristics. The longer a fixed-income security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. Maturity, on the other hand, is the date on which a fixed-income security becomes due for payment of principal. Recent and potential future changes in government policy may affect interest rates.
Floating Rate Securities Risk
The interest rates payable on floating rate securities are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. The interest rate on a floating rate security is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate, such as the Treasury Note Constant Maturity Rate. The absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for an owner to dispose of them if the issuer defaults.
ETF Risk
Because the Fund may invest in ETFs, it is subject to additional risks that do not apply to conventional mutual funds, including the risks that the market price of an ETF’s shares may trade at a discount to its NAV. An active secondary trading market may not develop or be maintained, or trading may be halted by the exchange in which the ETFs trade, which may impact the Fund’s ability to sell its shares of an ETF. The Fund may pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETFs. An investment in an ETF is an investment in another investment company and therefore, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETFs in which the Fund invests.
To the extent that all or a portion of an ETF’s underlying securities trade in a market that is closed when the market in which the ETF’s shares are listed and trading is open, there may be changes between the last quote from the closed foreign market and the value of such security during the ETF’s domestic trading day. In turn, this could lead to differences between the market price of the ETF’s shares and the underlying value of its shares.
Investment-Grade Debt Securities Risk
Investment-grade debt securities may be downgraded by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) to below-investment-grade status, which would increase the risk of holding these securities. Investment-grade debt securities rated in the lowest rating category by a NRSRO involve a higher degree of risk than fixed-income securities with higher credit ratings.
U.S. Government Securities Risk
U.S. government securities, which may be backed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the full faith and credit of the U.S., and may include U.S. Treasury bills, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, notes and bonds, are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Certain U.S. government agency securities are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality, and in some cases there may be some risk of default by the issuer.
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Asset-backed securities are fixed-income securities backed by other assets such as credit card, automobile or consumer loan receivables, retail installment loans, or participations in pools of leases. The values of these securities are sensitive to changes in the credit quality of the underlying collateral, the credit strength of any credit enhancement feature, changes in interest rates, and, at times, the financial condition of the issuer.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-backed securities are fixed-income securities representing an interest in a pool of underlying mortgage loans. Mortgage-backed securities are sensitive to changes in interest rates, but may respond to these changes differently from other fixed-income securities due to the possibility of prepayment of the underlying mortgage loans. Mortgage-backed securities may fluctuate in price based on deterioration in the value of the collateral underlying the pool of mortgage loans, which may result in the collateral being worth less than the remaining principal amount owed on the mortgages in the pool.
Corporate Loan Risk
The corporate loans, commonly referred to as bank loans, in which the Fund invests may be rated below investment grade. As a result, such corporate loans will be considered speculative with respect to the borrowers’ ability to make payments of interest and principal and will otherwise generally bear risks similar to those associated with non-investment grade securities. There is a high risk that the Fund could suffer a loss from investments in lower rated corporate loans as a result of a default by the borrower. Direct investments in loans may be illiquid and holding a loan could expose the Fund to the risks of being a direct lender.
Prepayment and Extension Risk
When interest rates fall, issuers of high interest debt obligations may pay off the debts earlier than expected (prepayment risk), and the owner may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower yields. When interest rates rise, issuers of lower interest debt obligations may pay off the debts later than expected (extension risk), thus keeping the assets tied up in lower interest debt obligations.
Preferred Stock Risk
Preferred stocks in which the Fund may invest are sensitive to interest rate changes, generally decreasing in value if interest rates rise and increasing in value if interest rates fall. Preferred stocks are also subject to equity risk, which is the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time and credit risk, which is the possibility that an issuer of preferred stock will fail to make its dividend payments.
Call Risk
During a period of falling interest rates, the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early, which may reduce income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower interest rates.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund’s investments in other investment companies, including ETFs and closed-end funds, will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the portfolios of such investment companies, and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of such portfolios. In addition, if the Fund acquires shares of other investment companies, shareholders of the Fund will bear both their proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the fees expenses of the other investment companies.
Closed-End Fund Risk
Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a price per share that is less than the net asset value (“NAV”) per share. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease or that when the Fund seeks to sell shares of a closed-end fund it can receive the NAV of those shares. Closed-end funds have lower levels of daily volume when compared to open-end companies. There are greater risks involved in investing in securities with limited market liquidity. To the extent the Fund invests in closed-end funds, it will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any fees and expenses payable directly by the closed-end fund. Therefore, the Fund would incur higher expenses, which may be duplicative, than if the Fund did not invest in closed-end funds.
High Yield Securities Risk
Securities that are rated below investment grade (i.e., “junk bonds”) are subject to additional risk factors due to the speculative nature of the securities, such as increased possibility of default, liquidation of the security, and changes in value based on public perception of the issuer.
Distressed or Defaulted Securities Risk
Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuers’ continuing ability to make principal and interest payments. Additional risks include the cost to protect the investment, and an investment could become worthless. Distressed securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.
Management Risk
Management risk describes the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective based on the Advisor’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The Fund is subject to the risk that the manager’s selection of portfolio holdings suffer disproportionately by the poor performance of any one holding or that the Fund underperforms other funds with a similar investment objective.
Municipal Securities Risk
Investing in municipal securities may involve risk related to the ability of the municipalities to continue to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. Any adverse economic conditions or developments affecting the states or municipalities that issue the municipal securities in which the Fund invests could negatively impact the Fund.
Non-diversification risk.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. To the extent the Fund invests its assets in a smaller number of issuers, the Fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those issuers than a diversified fund. However, the Fund intends to satisfy the asset diversification requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) for classification as a regulated investment company (“RIC”).
Derivatives Risk
The use of derivative instruments exposes the Fund to additional risks and transaction costs. A risk of the Fund’s use of derivatives is that the fluctuations in their values may not correlate perfectly with the overall securities markets.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the use of derivatives by funds and imposes requirements and restrictions on funds using derivatives. The rule may not effectively limit the risk of loss from derivatives.
Futures Contract Risk. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the instruments held by the Fund and the price of the forward or futures contract; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market and the resulting inability to close or futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Advisor’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and (e) if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, and the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Leverage Risk. Derivative instruments provide the economic effect of financial leverage by creating additional investment exposure, as well as the potential for greater loss. If the Fund uses leverage through derivative instruments, the Fund has the risk of losing more than its original investment. The net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund when employing leverage will be more volatile and sensitive to market movements.
Market Risk
Financial market risks affect the value of individual instruments in which the Fund invests. When the value of the Fund’s investments goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value and you could lose money. Factors such as economic growth and market conditions, interest rates, and political events affect the markets. Periods of market volatility may occur in response to market events and other economic, political, and global macro factors (for example, a global pandemic, government deficits and debt, military conflicts, inflation, tariffs, sanctions, and/or recessions). These and other similar events could be prolonged and could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments, impair the Fund’s ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the Fund’s performance.
Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries
experiencing economic and financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected.
Foreign Securities and Companies Risk
Foreign securities traded on U.S. exchanges and dollar denominated securities of foreign issuers involve special risks such as economic or financial instability, lack of timely or reliable financial information and unfavorable political or legal developments. Foreign securities also involve risks such as currency fluctuations and delays in enforcement of rights.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
As a result of its active trading strategy, the Fund may incur higher levels of brokerage fees and commissions, and cause higher levels of current tax liability to shareholders in the Fund.
Cybersecurity Risk
Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, its advisor and/or its other service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality.
Performance
The Fund is new and, therefore, does not have performance history for a full calendar year. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, a bar chart and table will be included that will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the variability of the Fund’s returns and comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund’s website at www.bramshillfunds.com.
Management
Investment Advisor: Bramshill Investments, LLC is the Fund’s investment advisor.
Portfolio Managers:
Art DeGaetano and Derek Pines are the Senior Portfolio Managers jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since inception in April 2025.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
Shares of the Fund may be purchased and held only by eligible investors. Eligible investors may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by written request via mail to BHILL Fund, c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 219252, Kansas City, MO 64121-9252, by telephone at 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718, by wire transfer, or through a financial intermediary. Investors who wish to purchase or redeem Fund shares through a financial intermediary should contact the financial intermediary directly. The minimum initial and subsequent investment amounts are shown below. The minimum initial and subsequent investment may be modified for certain financial firms that submit orders on behalf of their customers.
Only the following purchasers are eligible to invest in, or own the Fund: (a) investment advisory clients of the Advisor, (b) participants in “wrap-fee” programs sponsored by investment advisors unaffiliated with the Fund or the Advisor that are advised by the Advisor, (c) clients of affiliated companies of the Advisor and (d) employees of the Advisor.
There is no minimum amount for initial investments and there is no minimum amount for additional investments. Your financial intermediary may impose different investment minimums. Please contact them for additional details.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income, qualified dividend income or capital gains, unless you invest though a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account (“IRA”). Distributions on investments made through tax-advantaged arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the Advisor may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
AND PRINCIPAL RISKS
Investment Objective
The Fund seeks capital appreciation and income. The Fund’s objective is not fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund generally invests in a mix of mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), and closed-end funds that invest in domestic fixed income securities and may also make direct investments in such fixed income securities. From time to time, the Fund may maintain up to 100% of its assets in a single mutual fund, ETF, or closed-end fund. The Fund’s direct and indirect fixed income holdings may include investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, high yield (i.e., junk bonds), preferred stocks, variable- and floating-rate instruments, municipal bonds, and U.S Treasuries. The Fund implements a tactical fixed income strategy that seeks to maximize total return across different types of fixed income products and, based on market conditions, may also hold cash and cash equivalents. The Fund’s investments are comprised of an actively managed portfolio of income-producing securities. The Fund may also invest up to 10% of its assets in securities of foreign issuers of U.S. dollar denominated fixed income securities. The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in high yield bonds (i.e., junk bonds), which are defined as corporate bonds rated below Baa by Moody’s, or equivalently rated by S&P or Fitch, or, if unrated, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality.
The Fund may invest in fixed-income securities of any duration, maturity or quality. Bramshill periodically shifts the portfolio’s duration opportunistically seeking to generate alpha in both falling and rising interest rate environments. Duration is a measure of the sensitivity of a fixed income security’s price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a security’s yield, coupon, final maturity, and call features, among other characteristics. The longer a fixed-income security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates were to rise by 1% the price of a fixed income security with a duration of 5 years would be expected to fall 5% and, if interest rates were to fall by 1%, the price of the security would be expected to rise by 5%. Maturity is the date on which a fixed-income security becomes due for payment of principal. In order to hedge certain risks, the Fund may invest in futures contracts, which are a type of derivative instrument. Floating rate instruments reset their interest rate periodically over a base rate, with rates tied to a representative interest rate index (for example, the Treasury Note Constant Maturity Rate).
Bramshill seeks to identify relative value across asset classes and capture opportunities primarily within the corporate, U.S. Treasury, municipal and preferred security markets.
At any time the Fund may hold up to 100% of its assets in one of the income generating asset classes and the Fund may engage in frequent and active trading as part of its principal investment strategies. The Fund is classified as non-diversified, which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund.
The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its principal investment strategies in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During such periods, all of the Fund’s assets may be invested in short-term, high-quality fixed income securities, money market instruments, cash or cash equivalents. When the Fund takes temporary defensive positions, it may not achieve its investment objective.
Principal Risks
Losing all or a portion of your investment is a risk of investing in the Fund. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit with a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The following risks could affect the value of your investment:
Credit Risk
If issuers of fixed income securities in which the Fund invests experience unanticipated financial problems, their issue is likely to decline in value. Changes in the market’s perception of the issuer’s financial strength or in a
security’s credit rating, which reflects a third party’s assessment of the credit risk presented by a particular issuer, may affect debt securities’ value. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risk that the issuer of a fixed income security will fail to make timely payments of interest or principal, or may stop making such payments altogether.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate changes may affect the value of a debt instrument indirectly (especially in the case of fixed rate debt securities) and directly (especially in the case of instruments whose rates are adjustable). When interest rates increase, fixed income securities generally will decline in value and, as a result, an increase in interest rates may result in a decrease in the value of debt securities held by the Fund. Conversely, as interest rates decrease, the prices of fixed income securities tend to increase. The Federal Reserve has raised interest rates from historically low levels. Any additional interest rate increases in the future may cause the value of fixed-income securities to decrease. The price volatility of a debt security also depends on its maturity. Longer-term securities are generally more volatile, so the longer the average maturity or duration of these securities, the greater their price risk. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates that incorporates a security’s yield, coupon, final maturity, and call features, among other characteristics. The longer a fixed-income security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. Maturity, on the other hand, is the date on which a fixed-income security becomes due for payment of principal. Recent and potential future changes in government policy may affect interest rates.
Floating Rate Securities Risk
The interest rates payable on certain fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest are not fixed and may fluctuate based upon changes in market rates. The interest rate on a floating rate security is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate. Additionally, such securities may fluctuate in value in response to interest rate changes if there is a delay between changes in market interest rates and the interest reset date for the obligation, or for other reasons. Floating rate securities are less effective at locking in a particular yield and are subject to credit risk. The absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for the Fund to dispose of them if the issuer defaults.
ETF Risk
Shares of ETFs are typically purchased and sold on a securities exchange. Generally, an ETF represents a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. Because the Fund invests in ETFs, it is subject to additional risks that do not apply to conventional funds, including the risk that the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a discount to their NAV. Also, an active secondary trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained, or trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted if the listing exchange deems such action appropriate. This could lead to a lack of market liquidity, thereby forcing the Fund to sell its shares in an ETF for less than the shares’ NAV. Further, an ETF’s shares may be delisted from the securities exchange on which they trade. An ETF may fail to accurately track the market segment or index that underlies its investment objective, and ETFs are subject to the risks of the underlying securities or sectors the ETF is designed to track. The Fund will pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase and sale of shares of ETFs. An investment in an ETF is an investment in another investment company and therefore, the Fund’s shareholders will indirectly bear a proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETFs in which the Fund invests.
To the extent that all or a portion of a fund’s underlying securities trade in a market that is closed when the market in which the fund’s shares are listed and trading in that market is open, there may be changes between the last quote from the closed foreign market and the value of such security during the fund’s domestic trading day. In turn, this could lead to differences between the market price of the fund’s shares and the underlying value of its shares.
Investment-Grade Debt Securities Risk
Investment-grade debt securities may be downgraded by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”) to below-investment-grade status, which would increase the risk of holding these securities. Investment-grade debt securities rated in the lowest rating category by a NRSRO involve a higher degree of risk than fixed-income securities with higher credit ratings.
U.S. Government Securities Risk
U.S. government securities, which may be backed by the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the full faith and credit of the U.S., and may include U.S. Treasury bills, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, notes and bonds, are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. The market prices for such securities are not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Certain U.S. government agency securities are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, or are supported only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality, and in some cases there may be some risk of default by the issuer. Default by the issuer means the maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.
Asset-Backed Securities Risk
Asset-backed securities are fixed-income securities backed by other assets such as credit card, automobile or consumer loan receivables, retail installment loans, or participations in pools of leases. The values of these securities are sensitive to changes in the credit quality of the underlying collateral, the credit strength of any credit enhancement feature, changes in interest rates, and, at times, the financial condition of the issuer.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk
Mortgage-backed securities are fixed-income securities representing an interest in a pool of underlying mortgage loans. Mortgage-backed securities are sensitive to changes in interest rates, but may respond to these changes differently from other fixed-income securities due to the possibility of prepayment of the underlying mortgage loans. Mortgage-backed securities may fluctuate in price based on deterioration in the value of the collateral underlying the pool of mortgage loans, which may result in the collateral being worth less than the remaining principal amount owed on the mortgages in the pool.
Corporate Loan Risk
The corporate loans, commonly referred to as bank loans, in which the Fund invests may be rated below investment grade. As a result, such corporate loans will be considered speculative with respect to the borrowers’ ability to make payments of interest and principal and will otherwise generally bear risks similar to those associated with non-investment grade securities. There is a high risk that the Fund could suffer a loss from investments in lower rated corporate loans as a result of a default by the borrower. Direct investments in loans may be illiquid and holding a loan could expose the Fund to the risks of being a direct lender.
Prepayment and Extension Risk
When interest rates fall, issuers of high interest debt obligations may pay off the debts earlier than expected (prepayment risk), and the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower yields. When interest rates rise, issuers of lower interest debt obligations may pay off the debts later than expected (extension risk), thus keeping the Fund’s assets tied up in lower interest debt obligations.
Preferred Stock Risk
Preferred stocks may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return and are subject to many of the risks associated with debt securities (e.g., interest rate risk, call risk and extension risk). In addition, preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities. Because many preferred securities allow the issuer to convert their preferred security into common stock, preferred securities are often sensitive to declining common stock values. A company’s preferred securities generally pay dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred stock of larger companies.
Call Risk
Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a U.S. Treasury or government security before maturity at a price below or above its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security’s price. If a U.S. Treasury or government security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics. In
addition, during a period of falling interest rates, the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early, which may reduce the Fund’s income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower interest rates.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund’s investments in other investment companies, including ETFs and closed-end funds, will be subject to substantially the same risks as those associated with the direct ownership of the securities comprising the portfolios of such investment companies, and the value of the Fund’s investment will fluctuate in response to the performance of such portfolios. In addition, if the Fund acquires shares of other investment companies, shareholders of the Fund will bear both their proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the fees expenses of the other investment companies.
Closed-End Fund Risk
Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a price per share that is less than the NAV per share. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease or that when the Fund seeks to sell shares of a closed-end fund it can receive the NAV of those shares. Closed-end funds have lower levels of daily volume when compared to open-end companies. There are greater risks involved in investing in securities with limited market liquidity. Closed-end funds may also issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end fund’s common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end fund’s common shareholders. The Fund’s investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and NAV than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.
High Yield Securities Risk
Securities that are rated below investment grade (i.e., “junk bonds”) are subject to additional risk factors due to the speculative nature of the securities, such as increased possibility of default, liquidation of the security, and changes in value based on public perception of the issuer. High yield securities are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuer’s continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile than other types of securities. In addition, the market for high yield securities is generally less active than the market for higher quality securities. As a result, an economic downturn or individual corporate developments could adversely affect the market for these securities and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell these securities at an advantageous time or price. An economic downturn would also generally lead to a higher non-payment rate and, a high yield security may lose significant market value before a default occurs.
Distressed or Defaulted Securities Risk
Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. These securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuers’ continuing ability to make principal and interest payments. The Fund may incur costs to protect its investment, and the Fund could lose its entire investment. Distressed securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.
Management Risk
Management risk describes the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objective based on the Advisor’s success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The value of your investment in the Fund is subject to the investment strategies used by the Advisor in selecting investments, including the ability of the Advisor to assess economic conditions and investment opportunities, and may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other investments. Management risk includes the risk that poor security selection may cause the Fund to underperform relative to other funds with similar investment objectives, or that the timing of movements from one type of security to another could have a negative effect on the overall investment performance of the Fund. If the Advisor’s investment strategies do not produce the expected results, your investment could be diminished or even lost.
Municipal Securities Risk
The Fund may have a portion of its assets invested in various municipal securities that depend on the ability of the municipalities to continue to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. Municipal issuers may be adversely affected by rising health care costs, increasing unfunded pension liabilities, and by the phasing out of federal programs providing financial support. Unfavorable conditions and developments relating to projects financed with municipal securities can result in lower revenues to issuers of municipal securities. Issuers often depend on revenues from these projects to make principal and interest payments. Any adverse economic conditions or developments affecting the states or municipalities that issue the municipal securities in which the Fund invests could negatively impact the Fund.
Non-diversification risk.
The Fund is classified as “non-diversified,” which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. To the extent the Fund invests its assets in a smaller number of issuers, the Fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those issuers than a diversified fund. However, the Fund intends to satisfy the asset diversification requirements under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) for classification as a regulated investment company (“RIC”).
Derivatives Risk
Using derivatives can increase the Fund’s losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates, currencies, or the derivatives themselves, behave in a way not anticipated by the Fund. Using derivatives also can have a leveraging effect and increase Fund volatility. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Derivatives may be difficult to sell, unwind or value, and the counterparty may default on its obligations to the Fund. Derivatives are generally subject to the risks applicable to the assets, rates, indices or other indicators underlying the derivative. The value of a derivative may fluctuate more than the underlying assets, rates, indices or other indicators to which it relates. Use of derivatives may have different tax consequences for the Fund than an investment in the underlying security, and those differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the use of derivatives by funds and imposes requirements and restrictions on funds using derivatives. The rule may not effectively limit the risk of loss from derivatives.
Futures Contract Risk. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are (a) the imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the instruments held by the Fund and the price of the forward or futures contract; (b) possible lack of a liquid secondary market and the resulting inability to close futures contract when desired; (c) losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Advisor’s inability to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; and (e) if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, and the Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Leverage Risk. Derivative instruments provide the economic effect of financial leverage by creating additional investment exposure, as well as the potential for greater loss. If the Fund uses leverage through derivative instruments, the Fund has the risk of losing more than its original investment. The net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund when employing leverage will be more volatile and sensitive to market movements.
Market Risk
Market risks, including political, regulatory, market, and economic or other developments, and developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments of the market, can affect the value of the Fund’s shares. Local, regional, or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the market generally and on specific securities. The Fund is subject to the risk that the prices of, and the income generated by, securities held by the Fund may decline significantly and/or rapidly in response to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, general economic and market conditions, or other developments, such as regional or global economic instability
(including terrorism and related geopolitical risks), interest rate fluctuations, and those events directly involving the issuers that may cause broad changes in market value, public perceptions concerning these developments, and adverse investor sentiment. Such events may cause the value of securities owned by the Fund to go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Changes in the economic climate, investor perceptions and stock market volatility also can cause the prices of the Fund’s investments to decline regardless of the conditions of the issuers held by the Fund. There is also a risk that policy changes by the U.S. government and/or Federal Reserve (for example, relating to interest rates or trade) could cause increased volatility in financial markets and higher levels of redemptions, which could have a negative impact on the Fund. These events may lead to periods of volatility and increased redemptions, which could cause the Fund to experience a loss when selling securities to meet redemption requests by shareholders. The risk of loss increases if the redemption requests are unusually large or frequent.
Prices may fluctuate widely over short or extended periods in response to company, market or economic news. Markets also tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising and falling prices. If there is a general decline in the securities and other markets, your investment in the Fund may lose value, regardless of the individual results of the securities and other instruments in which the Fund invests.
Policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries will impact many aspects of financial regulation, and may in some instances contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets. The impact of such changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known at the time of adoption.
Economies and financial markets throughout the world are becoming increasingly interconnected. As a result, whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to countries experiencing economic and financial difficulties, the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments may be negatively affected.
Periods of market volatility may occur in response to market events and other economic, political, and global macro factors. These events (e.g., global pandemic, military conflicts, inflation, political or regulatory changes, and/or recessions) can cause significant disruptions to business operations, including business closures; strained healthcare systems; disruptions to supply chains and employee availability; large fluctuations in consumer demand; large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of such events; and widespread uncertainty regarding the long-term effects of such events. Such events could be prolonged and could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments and negatively impact the Fund’s performance.
Foreign Securities and Companies Risk
Foreign securities, including those issued by foreign governments, involve risks in addition to those associated with comparable U.S. securities. Additional risks include exposure to less developed or less efficient trading markets; social, political or economic instability; fluctuations in foreign currencies or currency redenomination; potential for default on sovereign debt; nationalization or expropriation of assets; settlement, custodial or other operational risks; and less stringent auditing and legal standards. In addition, key information about the issuer, the markets or the local government or economy may be unavailable, incomplete or inaccurate. As a result, foreign securities can fluctuate more widely in price, and may also be less liquid, than comparable U.S. securities. Although foreign securities offer added diversification potential, world markets, or those in a particular region, may all react in similar fashion to important economic or political developments. Securities issued by U.S. entities with substantial foreign operations can involve additional risks relating to conditions in foreign countries.
•Political and Economic Factors. Individual economies of certain countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States’ economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as stable as those of the U.S. Government in certain foreign countries also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization and expropriation of goods or imposition of taxes, which could have a
significant effect on market prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such countries.
•Legal and Regulatory Matters. Certain foreign countries may have less supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United States.
•Currency Fluctuations. A change in the value of any foreign currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of an ADR’s underlying portfolio securities denominated in that currency. Such changes will affect the Fund to the extent that the Fund is invested in ADRs comprised of foreign securities.
•Foreign Taxes. The interest and dividends payable to the Fund on certain of its foreign securities may be subject to foreign taxes or withholding, thus reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to Fund shareholders. The Fund may not be eligible to pass through any tax credit or deductions to shareholders with respect to such foreign taxes or withholding.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a non-U.S. company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the Fund will be invested in non-U.S. companies, foreign countries and depositary receipts will fluctuate from time to time within any limitations described in the Prospectus, depending on the Advisor’s assessment of prevailing market, economic and other conditions.
In addition, foreign markets can perform differently than the U.S. market. Over a given period of time, foreign securities may underperform U.S. securities, sometimes for years. The Fund could also underperform if the Fund’s portfolio managers invest in countries or regions whose economic performance falls short. To the extent that the Fund invests a portion of its assets in one country, state, region or currency, an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if its investments were not so invested. The effect of recent worldwide economic instability on specific foreign markets or issuers may be difficult to predict or evaluate. Some national economies continue to show profound instability, which may in turn affect their international trading and financial partners or other members of their currency bloc.
Investing in foreign securities may also involve a greater risk for excessive trading due to “time-zone arbitrage.” If an event occurring after the close of a foreign market, but before the time the Fund computes its current net asset value (“NAV”), causes a change in the price of the foreign securities and such price is not reflected in the Fund’s current NAV, investors may attempt to take advantage of anticipated price movements in securities held by the Fund based on such pricing discrepancies.
Among the foreign markets in which the Fund may invest are those countries that are members of the European Union (“EU”). Some of the countries of the EU are currently experiencing financial difficulties and have depended on, and may continue to be dependent on, the assistance from others such as the European Central Bank or other governments or institutions. The failure of such countries to implement reforms as a condition of assistance could have a significant adverse effect on the value of investments in those countries and other countries within this “Eurozone.” In addition, certain EU countries that have adopted the euro are subject to fiscal and monetary controls that could limit the ability to implement their own economic policies, to the point where such countries could voluntarily abandon, or be forced out of, the euro. These events could globally impact the market values of securities and currencies, cause redenomination into less valuable local currencies and create more volatile and illiquid markets. The United Kingdom’s departure from the EU, commonly known as “Brexit,” may have significant political and financial consequences for EU markets. There are considerable uncertainties about the repercussions resulting from Brexit, including the impact on trade agreements, regulations, and treaties. Brexit may also increase the likelihood that other EU members may decide to leave or be expelled from the EU.
These potential consequences may result in increased market volatility and illiquidity in the United Kingdom, the EU, and other financial markets, as well as slower economic growth and fluctuations in exchange rates. Any of these events and other socio-political or geo-political issues that are not currently known could have a significant adverse effect on global markets and economies, which in turn could negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments.
Portfolio Turnover Risk
As a result of its active trading strategy, the Fund may incur higher levels of brokerage fees and commissions, which could reduce performance. High portfolio turnover also may generate net short-term capital gains distributions, which could also cause higher levels of current tax liability to shareholders in the Fund.
Cybersecurity Risk.
Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, its advisor, and/or its other service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality.
Cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities or other assets in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers and may cause the Fund’s investments to lose value. Cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. They include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to systems, misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting or destroying data, and causing operational disruption. Geopolitical tensions may increase the scale and sophistication of deliberate attacks, particularly those from nation-states or from entities with nation-state backing.
Cybersecurity incidents may cause disruptions and impact business operations and may result in any of the following: financial losses, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, disclosure of confidential information, impediments to trading, submission of erroneous trades or erroneous creation or redemption orders, the inability of the Fund or its service providers to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and other legal and compliance expenses. In addition, cyber incidents may render records of Fund assets and transactions, shareholder ownership of Fund shares, and other data integral to the Fund’s functioning inaccessible, inaccurate or incomplete.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
A complete description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Investment Advisor
The Fund’s investment advisor, Bramshill Investments, LLC, is located at 801 Laurel Oak Drive, Suite 300A, Naples, Florida 34108. The Advisor is an SEC-registered investment advisory firm formed in 2012. As of May 31, 2026, the Advisor had assets under management of approximately $7.98 billion.
The Advisor is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. The Advisor also furnishes the Fund with office space and certain administrative services and provides most of the personnel needed to fulfill its obligations under its advisory agreement. The Fund does not pay the Advisor a management fee. Instead, investors in the Fund will be charged management fees by the Advisor and persons other than the Advisor as described below. Only the following purchasers are eligible to invest in, or own the Fund: (a) investment advisory clients of the Advisor, (b) participants in “wrap-fee” programs sponsored by investment advisors unaffiliated with the Fund or the Advisor (“Sponsors”) that are advised by the Advisor, (c) clients of affiliated companies of the Advisor, and (d) employees of the Advisor.
The Advisor receives an account-level investment management fee from its investment advisory clients (as stated in clients’ investment management agreements) calculated as a percentage of client assets, which includes assets invested in the Fund. Retail and institutional separately managed account/wrap clients will pay a fee to the
sponsor. The Advisor will receive a fee from the sponsor or separately managed account/wrap clients in connection with the Advisor’s management of client accounts and participation in investment programs through which shares of the Fund are made available. Investors should read carefully the “wrap-fee” brochure for these programs provided by the sponsor. The brochure is required to include information about the fees charged by the sponsor and the fees paid by the sponsor to the Advisor. Investors pay no additional fees or expenses to purchase shares of the Fund.
The Advisor has contractually agreed to not charge a management fee and to reimburse all expenses of the Fund, except certain expenses, indefinitely. Excluded expenses include (i) interest, taxes, dividends tied to short sales; (ii) the Fund’s pro rata share of the fees and expenses incurred indirectly by the Fund as a result of investing in other investment companies (i.e., acquired fund fees and expenses); (iii) other expenses attributable to, and incurred as a result of, the Fund’s investments; (iv) extraordinary expenses (including litigation expenses) not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business, if any; and (v) other expenses listed in the expense limitation agreement, which may only be terminated by the Advisor with the consent of the Board. If certain conditions are met, the Advisor may recoup reimbursed expenses in accordance with the agreement.
A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement is available in the Fund’s annual report on Form N-CSR for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026.
Portfolio Managers
Art DeGaetano and Derek Pines serve as the Senior Portfolio Managers jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since April 2025.
Art DeGaetano is a Principal of Bramshill Investments. Before starting Bramshill in May of 2012, Mr. DeGaetano was a Senior Portfolio Manager at GLG Partners from 2007. Prior to GLG Partners, he traded at RBS Greenwich Capital where he was a Managing Director and Head of Credit Trading for two years. Prior to RBS, he traded for 12 years for Bear Stearns and was a Senior Managing Director and Head Trader on the high yield desk. Mr. DeGaetano has a B.A. from Colgate University. Mr. DeGaetano has been a portfolio manager for the Fund since its inception in April 2025.
Derek Pines is a Portfolio Manager and Analyst at Bramshill Investments. Prior to joining Bramshill Investments in 2012, Mr. Pines spent 10 years as a Proprietary Trader and Portfolio Manager specializing in quantitative strategies across a variety of asset classes, the bulk of that time with Assent (Sungard Financial) and most recently Chimera Securities. He also spent a year with Accenture in their Core Trading Services Group. Mr. Pines holds a Masters Graduate Certificate in Algorithmic Trading from Stevens University. Mr. Pines graduated cum laude with a B.S. in finance from Georgetown University. Mr. Pine has been a portfolio manager for the Fund since April 2025.
The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
Pricing of Fund Shares
Shares of the Fund are sold at NAV per share, which is calculated as of the close of regular trading (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day that the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for unrestricted business. However, the Fund’s NAV may be calculated earlier if trading on the NYSE is restricted or as permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The NYSE is closed on weekends and most national holidays, including New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday/Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV will not be calculated on days when the NYSE is closed for trading.
Purchase and redemption requests are priced based on the next NAV per share calculated after receipt of such requests. The NAV is the value of the Fund’s securities, cash and other assets, minus all expenses and liabilities (assets – liabilities = NAV). NAV per share is determined by dividing NAV by the number of shares outstanding
(NAV/# of shares = NAV per share). The NAV takes into account the expenses and fees of the Fund, including administration fees, which are accrued daily.
In calculating the NAV, portfolio securities are valued using current market values or official closing prices, if available. Each security owned by the Fund that is listed on a securities exchange is valued at its last sale price on that exchange on the date as of which assets are valued. Where the security is listed on more than one exchange, the Fund will use the price of the exchange that the Fund generally considers to be the principal exchange on which the security is traded. Corporate bonds, including listed issues, are valued at market on the basis of valuations furnished by an independent pricing service which utilizes both dealer supplied valuations and formula-based techniques. The pricing service may consider recently executed transactions in securities of the issuer or comparable issuers, market price quotations (where observable), bond spreads, and fundamental data relating to the issuer. U.S. government securities are normally valued using a model that incorporates market observable data such as reported sales of similar securities, broker quotes, yields, bids, offers, and reference data. Certain securities are valued principally using dealer quotations. U.S. government agency securities are comprised of two main categories consisting of agency issued debt and mortgage pass-throughs. Agency issued debt securities are generally valued in a manner similar to U.S. government securities. Mortgage pass-throughs include to-be-announced (“TBAs”) securities and mortgage pass-through certificates. TBA securities and mortgage pass-throughs are generally valued using dealer quotations. Investments in open-end mutual funds and ETFs are valued at their closing net asset value per share. Short-term debt securities, including those securities having a maturity of 60 days or less, are valued at the evaluated mean between the bid and asked prices.
When reliable market quotations are not readily available or the Fund’s pricing service does not provide a valuation (or provides a valuation that in the judgment of the Advisor to the Fund does not represent the security’s fair value) or when, in the judgment of the Advisor, events have rendered the market value unreliable, a security or other asset will be valued at its fair value in good faith in accordance with the Advisor’s pricing procedures, subject to oversight by the Board. Valuing securities at fair value is intended to ensure that the Fund is accurately priced and involves reliance on judgment. The Advisor will regularly evaluate whether the Fund’s fair valuation pricing procedures continue to be appropriate in light of the specific circumstances of the Fund and the quality of prices obtained through the application of such procedures. There can be no assurance that the Fund will obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Types of securities that the Fund may hold for which fair value pricing might be required include, but are not limited to: (a) investments which are not frequently traded and/or the market price of which the Advisor believes may be stale; (b) illiquid securities, including “restricted” securities and private placements for which there is no public market; (c) securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; (d) securities whose trading has been halted or suspended; and (e) fixed income securities that have gone into default and for which there is not a current market value quotation.
Trading in Foreign Securities
Fair value pricing may be applied to non-U.S. investments. The trading hours for most non-U.S. investments end prior to the close of the NYSE, the time that the Fund’s NAV is calculated. The occurrence of certain events after the close of non-U.S. markets, but prior to the close of the NYSE (such as a significant surge or decline in the U.S. market) often will result in an adjustment to the trading prices of non-U.S. investments when non-U.S. markets open on the following business day. If such events occur, the Fund may value non-U.S. investments at fair value, taking into account such events, when it calculates its NAV. In such cases, use of fair valuation can reduce an investor’s ability to seek profit by estimating the Fund’s NAV per share in advance of the time the NAV per share is calculated.
How to Buy Shares
Only the following purchasers are eligible to invest in, or own the Fund: (a) investment advisory clients of the Advisor, (b) participants in “wrap-fee” programs sponsored by investment advisors unaffiliated with the Fund or the Advisor (“Sponsors”) that are advised by the Advisor, (c) clients of affiliated companies of the Advisor, and (d) employees of the Advisor. Shares of the Fund are offered to Eligible Investors either directly by the Advisor
or through special arrangements entered into on behalf of the Fund with certain broker-dealers, financial institutions or other service providers (“Servicing Agents”). These Servicing Agents will become shareholders of record of the Fund and have established procedures that investors must follow in purchasing shares. Such procedures need not be identical among Servicing Agents. These procedures should be carefully reviewed by investors.
The Fund has no minimum initial investment amount or subsequent investment amount.
Servicing Agents may charge fees to their customers for the services they provide them. Also, the Fund and/or the Advisor may pay fees to Servicing Agents to compensate them for the services the Servicing Agents provide to their customers. Further, the Fund may authorize Servicing Agents to receive purchase orders on behalf of the Fund and to designate other Servicing Agents to receive purchase orders on the Fund’s behalf. This means that the Fund will process the purchase order at the NAV per share that is determined following the Servicing Agent’s (or its designee’s) acceptance of the purchase order. The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when a Servicing Agent or, if applicable, a Servicing Agent’s authorized designee, receives the order.
When you are purchasing shares through a Servicing Agent, it is the responsibility of the Servicing Agent to place your order with the Fund on a timely basis. If the Servicing Agent does not, or if it does not pay the purchase price to the Fund within the period specified in its agreement with the Fund, it may be held liable for any resulting fees or losses.
You may purchase shares of the Fund by check, by wire transfer, via electronic funds transfer through the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) network through an authorized bank or through one or more brokers authorized by the Fund to receive purchase orders. If you have any questions or need further information about how to purchase shares of the Fund, you may call a customer service representative of the Fund toll-free at 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order. For example, a purchase order may be refused if, in the Advisor’s opinion, it is so large that it would disrupt the management of the Fund. Orders may also be rejected from persons believed by the Fund to be “market timers.” If the Fund were to reject a purchase order, notification would likely occur no later than the next business day after receipt of order.
All checks must be in U.S. dollars drawn on a domestic U.S. bank. The Fund will not accept payment in cash or money orders. The Fund does not accept postdated checks or any conditional order or payment. To prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares.
In addition to cash purchases, Fund shares may be purchased by tendering payment in-kind in the form of shares of stock, bonds or other securities. Any securities used to buy Fund shares must be readily marketable, their acquisition consistent with the Fund’s objective and otherwise acceptable to the Advisor and the Board. For further information, you may call a customer service representative of the Fund toll-free at 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718.
In compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, please note that the Transfer Agent will verify certain information on your account application as part of the Trust’s Anti-Money Laundering Program. As requested on the account application, you must supply your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. If you are opening the account in the name of a legal entity (e.g., partnership, limited liability company, business trust, corporation, etc.), you should also supply the identity of the beneficial owners. Mailing addresses containing only a P. O. Box will not be accepted. Please contact the Transfer Agent at 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718 if you need additional assistance when completing your account application.
If the Transfer Agent does not have a reasonable belief of the identity of an investor, the account application will be rejected or the investor will not be allowed to perform a transaction on the account until such information is received. In the rare event that the Transfer Agent is unable to verify your identity, the Fund reserves the right to redeem your account at the current day’s net asset value.
Shares of the Fund have not been registered for sale outside of the United States. The Advisor generally does not sell shares to investors residing outside of the United States, even if they are United States citizens or lawful permanent residents, except to investors with United States military APO or FPO addresses. The Fund reserves the right to refuse purchases from shareholders who must file a Form W-8.
How to Redeem (Sell) Shares
You or your Servicing Agent have the right to redeem all or any portion of your shares of the Fund at their NAV per share on each day the NYSE is open for trading. All redemption requests must be made directly or through the Servicing Agent from whom you purchased your shares. The Servicing Agents have established procedures that investors must follow in selling (redeeming) shares. Such procedures need not be identical among Servicing Agents. These procedures should be carefully reviewed by investors. As discussed below, you may receive proceeds of your sale in a check, ACH, or federal wire transfer. The Fund typically expects that it will take one to three days following the receipt of your redemption request in good order, to pay out redemption proceeds. “Good order” means your redemption request includes: (1) the name of the Fund, (2) the number of shares or dollar amount to be redeemed, (3) the account number and (4) signatures by all of the shareholders whose names appear on the account registration. However, while not expected, payment of redemption proceeds may take up to even days if sending proceeds earlier could adversely affect the Fund.
The Fund typically expects that it will hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. The Fund may also use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the Fund. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in unusual market conditions.
Payment of Redemption Proceeds
The Fund typically sends the redemption proceeds on the next business day (a day when the NYSE is open for normal business) after the redemption request is received in good order and prior to market close, regardless of whether the redemption proceeds are sent via check, wire, or ACH transfer. While not expected, payment of redemption proceeds may take up to seven days. If you did not purchase your shares with a wire payment, before selling recently purchased shares, please note that if the Transfer Agent has not yet collected payment for the shares you are selling, it may delay sending the proceeds until the payment is collected, which may take up to 15 calendar days from the purchase date.
Redemption “In-Kind”
The Fund typically expects to meet redemption requests by paying out proceeds from cash or cash equivalent portfolio holdings, or by selling portfolio holdings. In stressed market conditions, redemption methods may include paying redemption proceeds to you in whole or in part by a distribution of securities from the Fund’s portfolio (a “redemption in-kind”). It is not expected that the Fund would do so except during unusual market conditions. The redemption in-kind would be a pro-rata distribution of portfolio assets. If the Fund pays your redemption proceeds by a distribution of securities, you could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash and will bear any market risks associated with such securities until they are converted into cash. A redemption in-kind is treated as a taxable transaction and a sale of the redeemed shares, generally resulting in capital gain or loss to you, subject to certain loss limitation rules. If the Fund held illiquid securities, such distribution may contain a pro rata portion of such illiquid securities or the Fund may determine, based on a materiality assessment, not to include illiquid securities in the in-kind redemption. If such securities are included in the distribution, shareholders may not be able to liquidate such securities and may be required to hold such securities indefinitely.
Signature Guarantees
Signature guarantees will generally be accepted from domestic banks, brokers, dealers, credit unions, national securities exchanges, registered securities associations, clearing agencies and savings associations, as well as from participants in the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program and the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program. A notary public is not an acceptable signature guarantor.
A signature guarantee from either a Medallion program member or a non-Medallion program member is required in the following situations:
•If ownership is changed on your account;
•When redemption proceeds are payable or sent to any person, address or bank account not on record;
•When a redemption request is received by the Transfer Agent and the account address has changed within the last 15 calendar days;
•For all redemptions in excess of $50,000 from any shareholder account, including IRAs.
The Fund or the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor may waive any of the above requirements in certain instances. In addition to the situations described above, the Fund, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and/or the Transfer Agent reserve the right to require a signature guarantee in other instances based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation.
Non-financial transactions, including establishing or modifying certain services on an account, may require a signature guarantee, signature verification from a Signature Validation Program member, or other acceptable form of authentication from a financial institution source.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund intends to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of its net investment income and capital gains. Dividends, if any, of net investment income are declared and paid monthly by the Fund. The Fund makes distributions of capital gains, if any, at least annually. If you own shares on the Fund’s distribution record date, you will be entitled to receive the distribution.
You will receive income dividends and distributions of capital gains in cash. The Fund does not currently offer investors the opportunity to reinvest dividends in additional Fund shares.
The Fund’s dividends and other distributions are taxable to shareholders (other than retirement plans and other tax-exempt investors) whether received in cash or reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. A dividend or distribution paid by the Fund has the effect of reducing the NAV per share on the ex-dividend date by the amount of the dividend or distribution. A dividend or distribution declared shortly after a purchase of shares by an investor would, therefore, represent, in substance, a return of capital to the shareholder with respect to such shares even though it would be subject to federal income taxes.
For most shareholders, a statement will be sent to you within 45 days after the end of each year detailing the federal income tax status of your distributions. Please see “Tax Consequences” below for more information on the federal income tax consequences of dividends and other distributions made by the Fund.
TOOLS TO COMBAT FREQUENT TRANSACTIONS
The Board has adopted policies and procedures to prevent frequent transactions in the Fund. The Fund discourages excessive, short-term trading and other abusive trading practices that may disrupt portfolio management strategies and harm the Fund’s performance. The Fund takes steps to reduce the frequency and effect of these activities in the Fund. These steps include monitoring trading practices and using fair value pricing. Although these efforts are designed to discourage abusive trading practices, these tools cannot eliminate the possibility that such activity may occur. Further, while the Fund makes efforts to identify and restrict frequent trading, the Fund receives purchase and sale orders through financial intermediaries and cannot always know or detect frequent trading that may be facilitated by the use of intermediaries or the use of group or omnibus accounts by those intermediaries. The Fund seeks to exercise its judgment in implementing these tools to the best of its abilities in a manner that the Fund believes is consistent with shareholder interests.
The Fund monitors selected trades in an effort to detect excessive short-term trading activities. If, as a result of this monitoring, the Fund believes that a shareholder has engaged in excessive short-term trading, it may, in its discretion, ask the shareholder to stop such activities or refuse to process purchases in the shareholder’s accounts. In making such judgments, the Fund seeks to act in a manner that it believes is consistent with the best interests of shareholders. Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying abusive trading activity and the volume of shareholder transactions the Fund handles, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s efforts will
identify all trades or trading practices that may be considered abusive. In addition, the Fund’s ability to monitor trades that are placed by individual shareholders within group or omnibus accounts maintained by financial intermediaries is limited because the Fund does not have simultaneous access to the underlying shareholder account information.
In compliance with Rule 22c-2 under the 1940 Act, the Distributor, on behalf of the Fund, has entered into written agreements with each of the Fund’s financial intermediaries, under which the intermediary must, upon request, provide the Fund with certain shareholder and identity trading information so that the Fund can enforce its market timing policies.
The Fund employs fair value pricing selectively, as discussed above, to ensure greater accuracy in its daily NAV and to prevent dilution by frequent traders or market timers who seek to take advantage of temporary market anomalies.
TAX CONSEQUENCES
Below are certain important U.S. federal income tax issues that affect the Fund and its shareholders. The following summary is very general, applies only to shareholders who are U.S. persons, and does not address shareholders subject to special rules, such as those who hold Fund shares through an IRA, 401(k) plan or other tax-advantaged account. Except as specifically noted, the discussion is limited to federal income tax matters and does not address state, local, foreign or non-income taxes. Further information regarding taxes, including certain federal income tax considerations relevant to non-U.S. persons, is included in the SAI. Because each shareholder’s circumstances are different and special tax rules may apply, you should consult your tax advisor about federal, state, local and/or foreign tax considerations that may be relevant to your particular situation. The summary is based on current tax law, which may be changed by legislative, judicial or administrative action.
The Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) within the meaning of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, the Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.
The Fund will make distributions of dividends, if any, at least monthly, and of capital gains, if any, annually, typically in December. Dividends of net investment income and distributions from the Fund’s net short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain (the excess of its net long-term capital gains over its net short-term capital losses) are generally taxable to non-corporate shareholders at rates of up to 20%, regardless of how long the shareholders held their respective shares in the Fund. Because a significant portion of the Fund’s income is derived from interest rather than dividends, it is generally expected that only a limited portion of its distributions may be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income (subject to reduced tax rates for non-corporate shareholders) or for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. You will be taxed in the same manner whether you receive your dividends and capital gain distributions in cash or reinvest them in additional Fund shares. The Fund will only be eligible to pass through to shareholders the tax-exempt character of its income from debt obligations that generate interest exempt from U.S. federal income tax if at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable years consists of such debt obligations. It is not anticipated that the Fund will be eligible to distribute exempt-interest dividends to shareholders.
A RIC that receives business interest income may pass through its net business interest income for purposes of the tax rules applicable to the interest expense limitations under section 163(j) of the Code. A RIC’s total “Section 163(j) Interest Dividend” for a tax year is limited to the excess of the RIC’s business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and its other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. A RIC may, in its discretion, designate all or a portion of ordinary dividends as Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, which would allow the recipient shareholder to treat the designated portion of such dividends as interest income for purposes of determining such shareholder’s interest expense deduction limitation under Section 163(j). This can potentially increase the amount of a shareholder’s interest expense deductible under Section 163(j). In general, to
be eligible to treat a Section 163(j) Interest Dividend as interest income, you must have held your shares in the Fund for more than 180 days during the 361-day period beginning on the date that is 180 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend. However, such holding period requirements are generally not applicable to dividends declared by money market funds and certain other funds that declare dividends daily and pay such dividends on a monthly or more frequent basis. Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, if so designated by the Fund, will be reported to your financial intermediary or otherwise in accordance with the requirements specified by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).
A tax of 3.8% applies to all or a portion of net investment income of U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds, and to all or a portion of undistributed net investment income of certain estates and trusts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends and capital gain distributions paid by the Fund and gain on the redemption of Fund shares.
Any dividend or capital gain distribution paid by the Fund has the effect of reducing the NAV per share on the ex-dividend date by the amount of the dividend or capital gain distribution. You should note that a dividend or capital gain distribution paid on shares purchased shortly before that dividend or capital gain distribution was declared will be subject to income taxes even though the dividend or capital gain distribution represents, in substance, a partial return of capital to you. This is known as “buying a dividend” and generally should be avoided by taxable investors.
Although distributions are generally taxable when received, certain distributions declared in October, November, or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in such a month but paid the following January are taxable as if received in December of the year in which the dividend is declared.
The Fund (or its administrative agent) will send you a report annually summarizing the amount and tax aspects of your distributions.
The Fund must withhold as backup withholding a percentage of your taxable distributions and redemption proceeds if you (1) have provided the Fund either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (2) are subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends, (3) have failed to certify to the Fund that you are not subject to backup withholding, or (4) have not certified to the Fund that you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is 24%. Backup withholding will not, however, be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax applicable to shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.
The Fund will be required to report to the IRS all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares, except in the case of exempt shareholders, which includes most corporations. The Fund will also be required to report tax basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. If a shareholder has a different basis for different shares of the Fund in the same account (e.g., if a shareholder purchased shares in the same account at different times for different prices), the Fund calculates the basis of the shares sold using its default method unless the shareholder has properly elected to use a different method. The Fund’s default method for calculating basis is the average cost basis method, under which the Fund averages the purchase price of acquired shares. A shareholder may elect, on an account-by-account basis, to use a method other than the average cost basis method by following procedures established by the Fund or its administrative agent. If such an election is made on or prior to the date of the first exchange or redemption of shares in the account and on or prior to the date that is one year after the shareholder receives notice of the applicable Fund’s default method, the new election will generally apply as if the average cost method had never been in effect for such account. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors concerning the tax consequences of applying the average cost method or electing another method of basis calculation. Shareholders also should carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
If you sell, exchange, or redeem your Fund shares, it is considered a taxable event and will generally result in capital gain or loss if you hold your Fund shares as a capital asset. Capital gain or loss realized upon a sale or
exchange of Fund shares held for twelve months or less is generally treated as short-term capital gain or loss, except that any capital loss on the sale of Fund shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent that capital gain dividends were paid with respect to such Fund shares and disallowed to the extent that exempt-interest dividends were paid with respect to such Fund shares. You are responsible for any tax liabilities generated by your transaction. The Code limits the deductibility of capital losses in certain circumstances.
To the extent the Fund invests in foreign securities, it may be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest the Fund received from sources in foreign countries.
Additional information concerning taxation of the Fund and its shareholders is contained in the SAI. If you have a tax-advantaged retirement account, you will generally not be subject to federal taxation on any dividends and capital gain distributions until you begin receiving your distributions from your retirement account. You should consult your own tax advisor concerning federal, state and local tax effects of your investment in the Fund.
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Additional Payments to Dealers
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
Distributor
Quasar Distributors, LLC, a wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC, is located at 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101, and is the distributor for the shares of the Fund. Quasar is a registered broker-dealer and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. Shares of the Fund are offered on a continuous basis.
Service Fees – Other Payments to Third Parties
The Advisor, out of its own resources, and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide cash payments or non-cash compensation to financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. These additional cash payments are generally made to intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the intermediary. Cash compensation may also be paid to intermediaries for inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, in other sales programs or as an expense reimbursement in cases where the intermediary provides shareholder services to the Fund’s shareholders. The Advisor may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder’s fees that vary depending on the Fund and the dollar amount of the shares sold.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Inactive Accounts
The Fund is legally obligated to escheat (or transfer) abandoned property to the appropriate state’s unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements. The investor’s last known address of record determines which state has jurisdiction. Your mutual fund account may be transferred to your state of residence if no activity occurs within your account during the “inactivity period” specified in your state’s abandoned property laws.
Fund Mailings
Statements and reports that the Fund sends to you include the following:
•Confirmation statements (after every transaction that affects your account balance or your account registration);
•Annual and semi-annual shareholder reports (every six months); and
•Quarterly account statements.
It is important that the Fund maintain a correct address for each investor. An incorrect address may cause an investor’s account statements and other mailings to be returned to the Fund. Based upon statutory requirements for returned mail, the Fund will attempt to locate the investor or rightful owner of the account. If the Fund is unable to locate the investor, then they will determine whether the investor’s account can legally be considered abandoned. Investors with a state of residence in Texas have the ability to designate a representative to receive legislatively required unclaimed property due diligence notifications. Please contact the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts for further information.
Householding
In an effort to decrease costs, the Fund intends to reduce the number of duplicate prospectuses, proxy statements and other shareholder documents you receive by sending only one copy of each to those addresses shared by two or more accounts and to shareholders the Transfer Agent reasonably believes are from the same family or household. Once implemented, if you would like to discontinue householding for your accounts, please call toll-free at 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718 to request individual copies of these documents. Once the Transfer Agent receives notice to stop householding, the Transfer Agent will begin sending individual copies thirty days after receiving your request. This policy does not apply to account statements.
General Policies
Some of the following policies are mentioned above. In general, the Fund reserves the right to:
•Refuse, change, discontinue, or temporarily suspend account services, including purchase, or telephone redemption privileges, for any reason;
•Reject any purchase request for any reason. Generally, the Fund will do this if the purchase is disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund (due to the timing of the investment or an investor’s history of excessive trading);
•Delay paying redemption proceeds for more than seven calendar days after receiving a request under the circumstances described below; and
•Reject any purchase or redemption request that does not contain all required documentation and is not in good order.
Before redeeming recently purchased shares, please note that if the Transfer Agent has not yet collected payment for the shares you are redeeming, it may delay sending the proceeds until the payment is collected, which may take up to fifteen calendar days from the purchase date. This delay will not apply if you purchased your shares via wire payment. Furthermore, there are certain times when you may be unable to redeem the Fund’s shares or receive proceeds. Specifically, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven calendar days for:
1.any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary week-end and holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted;
2.any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or
3.such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders.
If you did not decline telephone options on the account application or in a letter to the Fund, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders as long as the Fund has taken reasonable precautions to verify your identity. Before executing an instruction received by telephone, the Transfer Agent will use reasonable procedures to confirm that the telephone instructions are genuine. The telephone call may be recorded and the caller may be asked to verify certain personal identification information. If the Fund or its agents follow these procedures, they cannot be held liable for any loss, expense or cost arising out of any telephone redemption request that is reasonably believed to be genuine. This includes fraudulent or unauthorized requests. If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, the Fund will accept telephone instructions from any one owner or
authorized person. In addition, once you place a telephone transaction request, it cannot be canceled or modified after the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time).
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand the Fund’s financial performance for the period shown below. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions. The information has been audited by Cohen & Company, Ltd., the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund’s financial statements, are included in the Fund’s annual report on Form N-CSR, which is available upon request and on the Fund’s website at www.bramshillfunds.com.
| | | | | | | | |
BHILL FUND FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | | |
| Period End March 31, 2026(a) | |
| PER SHARE DATA: | | |
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 10.00 | | |
| | |
| INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: |
Net investment income (b) | 0.63 | | |
Net realized and unrealized (loss) on investments(c) | (0.23) | | |
| Total from investment operations | 0.40 | | |
| | |
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS FROM: | | |
| Net investment income | (0.55) | | |
| Total distributions | (0.55) | | |
| | |
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 9.85 | | |
| | |
Total return(d) | 4.04 | % | |
| | |
| SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: |
Net assets, end of period (in thousands) | $ | 53,040 | | |
| Ratio of expenses to average net assets: | | |
Before expense reimbursements(e)(f) | 0.41 | % | |
After expense reimbursements(e)(f) | 0.00 | % | |
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets(e)(f) | 6.20 | % | |
Portfolio turnover rate(d) | 195 | % | |
| | | | | |
(a) | Inception date of the Fund was April 1, 2025. |
(b) | Net investment income per share has been calculated based on average shares outstanding during the period. |
(c) | Realized and unrealized gains and losses per share in the caption are balancing amounts necessary to reconcile the change in net asset value per share for the periods, and may not reconcile with the aggregate gains and losses in the Statement of Operations due to share transactions for the periods. |
(d) | Not annualized for periods less than one year. |
(e) | Annualized for periods less than one year. |
(f) | Ratios do not include the expenses of the underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests. |
Investment Advisor
Bramshill Investments, LLC
801 Laurel Oak Drive, Suite 300A
Naples, Florida 34108
Distributor
Quasar Distributors, LLC
190 Middle Street, Suite 301
Portland, Maine 04101
Custodian
U.S. Bank National Association
Custody Operations
1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212
Transfer Agent, Administrator
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Cohen & Company, Ltd.
1835 Market Street, Suite 310
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
Trust Counsel
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
1111 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20004
PRIVACY NOTICE
The Fund collects non-public information about you from the following sources:
•Information we receive about you on applications or other forms;
•Information you give us orally; and/or
•Information about your transactions with us or others
We do not disclose any non-public personal information about our customers or former customers without the customer’s authorization, except as permitted by law or in response to inquiries from governmental authorities. We may share information with affiliated and unaffiliated third parties with whom we have contracts for servicing the Fund. We will provide unaffiliated third parties with only the information necessary to carry out their assigned responsibilities. We maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards to guard your personal information and require third parties to treat your personal information with the same high degree of confidentiality.
In the event that you hold shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, including, but not limited to, a broker-dealer, bank, or trust company, the privacy policy of your financial intermediary would govern how your non-public personal information would be shared with unaffiliated third parties.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can find more information about the Fund in the following documents:
Statement of Additional Information
The SAI provides additional details about the investments and techniques of the Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference. This means that the SAI is legally considered a part of this Prospectus even though it is not physically within this Prospectus.
Annual and Semi-Annual Reports
Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semi-annual financial statements.
The SAI, shareholder reports, and other information such as the Fund’s financial statements are available free of charge on the Fund’s website at www.bramshillfunds.com. You can obtain a free copy of the SAI and shareholder reports, request other information, or make general inquiries about the Fund by calling the Fund at 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718 or by writing to:
BHILL Fund
c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services
P.O. Box 219252
Kansas City, MO 64121-9252
Reports and other information about the Fund are also available:
•Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov; or,
•For a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
(The Trust’s SEC Investment Company Act file number is 811‑23859.)
BHILL Fund
Managed Account Completion Shares (BHILX)
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
July 29, 2026
A series of
Advisor Managed Portfolios
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 219252
Kansas City, MO 64121-9252
877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718
This Statement of Additional Information (the “SAI”) is not a prospectus and it should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated July 29, 2026, as may be supplemented, for the BHILL Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Advisor Managed Portfolios (the “Trust”). Bramshill Investments, LLC (the “Advisor”) is the Fund’s investment adviser. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. The Fund’s financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, are incorporated into this SAI by reference to the Fund’s annual report on Form N-CSR. A copy of the Prospectus and/or the Fund’s annual report may be obtained by contacting the Fund at the address or telephone number above or by visiting the Fund’s website at www.bramshillfunds.com.
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APPENDIX A - DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS | A-1 |
THE TRUST
The Trust is a statutory trust organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 16, 2023 and is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”).
The Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) permits the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”) to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest, no par value per share, which may be issued in any number of series. The Trust consists of various series that represent separate investment portfolios. The Board may issue other series, the assets and liabilities of which will be separate and distinct from any other series.
Except for the Bramshill Income Performance Fund, the Fund, as a series of the Trust, does not hold itself out as related to any other series of the Trust for purposes of investment and investor services, nor does it share the same investment adviser with any other series. This SAI relates only to the Fund.
Registration with the SEC does not involve supervision of the management or policies of the Fund. The Prospectus SAI, shareholder reports and other information about the Fund are available free of charge on the EDGAR database on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Copies of such information may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The discussion below supplements information contained in the Fund’s Prospectus as to the permitted investments, investment policies, and risks of the Fund.
Non-Diversification
The Fund is non-diversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”), which means that there is no restriction as to how much the Fund may invest in the securities of any one issuer. However, to qualify for tax treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), the Fund intends to comply, as of the end of each taxable quarter, with certain diversification requirements imposed by the Code. See “Distributions and Tax Information” below. As a non-diversified investment company, the Fund may be subject to greater risks than diversified companies because of the larger impact of fluctuation in the values of securities of fewer issuers.
Percentage Limitations
Whenever an investment policy or limitation states a maximum percentage of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding quality standards, such standard or percentage limitation will be determined immediately after and as a result of the Fund’s acquisition or sale of such security or other asset. Accordingly, except with respect to borrowing and illiquid investments, any subsequent change in values, net assets or other circumstances will not be considered in determining whether an investment complies with the Fund’s investment policies and limitations. In addition, if a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular investment by the Fund, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not buy. If this happens the Fund would sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to its shareholders.
The Fund may invest in the following types of investments, each of which is subject to certain risks, as discussed below:
Equity Securities
All investments in equity securities are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles and the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may fluctuate substantially from day to day. Owning an equity security can also subject the Fund to the risk that the issuer may discontinue paying dividends.
Common Stocks. A common stock represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company and its value is based on the success of the company’s business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. In addition to the general risks set forth above, investments in common stocks are subject to the risk that in the event a company in which the Fund invests is liquidated, the holders of preferred stock and creditors of that company will be paid in full before any payments are made to the Fund as a holder of common stock. It is possible that all assets of that company will be exhausted before any payments are made to the Fund.
Convertible Securities. The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Traditional convertible securities include corporate bonds, notes and preferred stocks that may be converted into or exchanged for common stock, and other securities that also provide an opportunity for equity participation. These securities are convertible either at a stated price or a stated rate (that is, for a specific number of shares of common stock or other security). As with other fixed income securities, the price of a convertible security generally varies inversely with interest rates. While providing a fixed income stream, a convertible security also affords the investor an opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the common stock into which it is convertible. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis and so may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the price of a convertible security tends to rise as a reflection of higher yield or capital appreciation. In such situations, the Fund may have to pay more for a convertible security than the value of the underlying common stock.
Rights and Warrants. The Fund may invest in rights and warrants. A right is a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock, and it is issued at a predetermined price in proportion to the number of shares already owned. Rights normally have a short life, usually two to four weeks, are freely transferable and entitle the holder to buy the new common stock at a lower price than the current market. Warrants are options to purchase equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. Hence, warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The value of warrants is derived solely from capital appreciation of the underlying equity securities. Warrants differ from call options in that the underlying corporation issues warrants, whereas call options may be written by anyone.
An investment in rights and warrants may entail greater risks than certain other types of investments. Generally, rights and warrants do not carry the right to receive dividends or exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. In addition, although their value is influenced by the value of the underlying security, their value does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and they cease to have value if they are not exercised on or before their expiration date. Investing in rights and warrants increases the potential profit or loss to be realized from the investment as compared with investing the same amount in the underlying securities.
Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in shares of other registered investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), money market mutual funds, closed end funds and other mutual funds in pursuit of its investment objective, in accordance with the limitations established under the 1940 Act. This may include investments in money market mutual funds in connection with the Fund’s management of daily cash positions. Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly will bear the Fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s own operations.
Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act generally prohibits a fund from purchasing (1) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of another fund; (2) securities of another fund having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the acquiring fund; and (3) securities of the other fund and all other funds having an aggregate
value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the acquiring fund. There are some exceptions to these limitations pursuant to certain provisions in the 1940 Act and various rules promulgated by the SEC.
Closed End Funds. Typically, shares of a closed end fund are bought and sold on an exchange. The risks of investing in a closed end investment company typically reflect the risk of the types of securities in which the closed end fund invests. Closed end funds often leverage returns by issuing debt securities, auction rate preferred securities or reverse-repurchase agreements. The Fund may invest in debt securities issued by closed end funds, subject to any quality or other standards applicable to the Fund’s investment in debt securities. If the Fund invests in shares issued by leveraged closed end funds, it will face certain risks associated with leveraged investments. Investments in closed end funds are subject to additional risks. For example, the price of the closed end fund’s shares quoted on an exchange my not reflect the net asset value of the securities held by the closed end fund. The premium or discount that the share prices represent versus net asset value may change over time based on a variety of factors, including supply of and demand for the closed end fund’s shares, that are outside the closed end fund’s control or unrelated to the value of the underlying portfolio securities. If the Fund invests in the closed end fund to gain exposure to the closed end fund’s investments, the lack of correlation between the performance of the closed end fund’s investments and the closed end fund’s share price may compromise or eliminate any such exposure.
Exchange Traded Funds
The Fund may also invest in ETFs. ETFs are typically open-end investment companies that are bought and sold on a national securities exchange and seek to replicate the performance, before fees and expenses, of an underlying index of securities. An ETF is similar to a traditional mutual fund, but trades at different prices during the day on a security exchange like a stock. Similar to investments in other investment companies discussed above, the Fund’s investments in ETFs will involve duplication of advisory fees and other expenses since the Fund will be investing in another investment company. In addition, the Fund’s investment in ETFs is also subject to its limitations on investments in investment companies discussed above. To the extent the Fund invests in ETFs which focus on a particular market segment or industry, the Fund will also be subject to the risks associated with investing in those sectors or industries. The shares of the ETFs in which the Fund will invest will be listed on a national securities exchange and the Fund will purchase or sell these shares on the secondary market at its current market price, which may be more or less than its net asset value (“NAV”). Investors in the Fund should be aware that ETFs that seek to replicate a particular benchmark index are subject to “tracking risk,” which is the risk that an ETF will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the index it tracks.
As purchasers of ETF shares on the secondary market, the Fund will be subject to the market risk associated with owning any security whose value is based on market price. ETF shares historically have tended to trade at or near their NAV, but there is no guarantee that they will continue to do so. Unlike traditional mutual funds, shares of an ETF may be purchased and redeemed directly from the ETFs only in large blocks (typically 50,000 shares or more) and only through participating organizations that have entered into contractual agreements with the ETF. The Fund does not expect to enter into such agreements and therefore will not be able to purchase and redeem their ETF shares directly from the ETF.
Foreign Investments
The Fund may make investments in securities of non-U.S. issuers (“foreign securities”). Such securities include:
Depositary Receipts (“DRs”), which are American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) or other forms of DRs. DRs are receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. company.
ADRs are depositary receipts for foreign securities denominated in U.S. dollars and traded on U.S. securities markets. These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities for which they may be exchanged. These are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institutions. Designed for use in U.S. securities markets, ADRs are alternatives to the purchase of the underlying securities in their national market and currencies. ADRs may be purchased
through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the depositary security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities, and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to the holders of such receipts of the deposited securities.
Investments in foreign securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
Political and Economic Factors. Individual economies of certain countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States’ economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such countries.
Legal and Regulatory Matters. Certain foreign countries may have less supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United States.
Currency Fluctuations. A change in the value of any foreign currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of an ADR’s underlying portfolio securities denominated in that currency. Such changes will affect the Fund to the extent that the Fund is invested in ADRs comprised of foreign securities.
Foreign Taxes. Dividends and interest received by the Fund may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions that would reduce the yield on the Fund’s stock or securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate these taxes. Foreign countries generally do not impose taxes on capital gains with respect to investments by foreign investors
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a non-U.S. company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the Fund will be invested in non-U.S. companies, foreign countries and depositary receipts will fluctuate from time to time within any limitations described in the Prospectus, depending on the Advisor’s assessment of prevailing market, economic and other conditions.
Short Sales
The Fund may seek to realize additional gains through short sale transactions in treasuries and securities listed on one or more national securities exchanges, or in unlisted securities. Short selling involves the sale of borrowed securities. At the time a short sale is effected, the Fund incurs an obligation to replace the security borrowed at whatever its price may be at the time the Fund purchases it for delivery to the lender. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal to any dividend or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed.
Until the Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will: (a) maintain cash or liquid securities at such a level that the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short; or (b) otherwise cover the Fund’s short position.
Fixed Income Securities
Corporate Debt Securities. The Fund may invest in corporate debt securities. Corporate debt securities include corporate bonds, debentures, notes and other similar instruments, including certain convertible securities. Debt securities may be acquired with warrants attached. Corporate income-producing securities also may include forms of preferred or preference stock. The rate of interest on a corporate debt security may be fixed, floating or variable, and may vary inversely with respect to a reference rate such as interest rates or other financial indications. The Fund can invest in corporate securities of any rating. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies.
High Yield Securities
The Fund may invest in high yield, high risk, lower-rated debt securities, including convertible securities. Investments in such securities are subject to greater credit risks than higher rated securities. Debt securities rated below investment grade have greater risks of default than investment grade debt securities, including medium grade debt securities, and may in fact, be in default. Issuers of “junk bonds” must offer higher yields to compensate for the greater risk of default on the payment of principal and interest.
The market for high yield securities is subject to substantial volatility. For example, an economic downturn may have a more significant effect on high yield securities and their markets, as well as on the ability of securities issuers to repay principal and interest, than on higher-rated securities and their issuers. Issuers of high yield securities may be of low creditworthiness and the high yield securities may be subordinated to the claims of senior lenders. During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates the issuers of high yield securities may have greater potential for insolvency and a higher incidence of high yield bond defaults may be experienced.
The prices of high yield securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments but are more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments because of their lower credit quality. During an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest payment obligations, to meet projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a high yield convertible security owned by the Fund defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses in seeking recovery. Periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices of high yield securities and the Fund’s NAV. Yields on high yield securities will fluctuate over time. Furthermore, in the case of high yield securities structured as zero coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes and thereby tend to be more volatile than market prices of securities which pay interest periodically and in cash.
The secondary market for high yield securities may at times become less liquid or respond to adverse publicity or investor perceptions making it more difficult for the Fund to value accurately high yield securities or dispose of them. To the extent the Fund owns or may acquire illiquid or restricted high yield securities, these securities may involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities and costs, and liquidity difficulties and judgment will play a greater role in valuation because there is less reliable and objective data available.
Special tax considerations are associated with investing in high yield bonds structured as zero coupon or pay-in-kind securities. The Fund will report the interest on these securities as income even though it receives no cash interest until the security’s maturity or payment date. Further, the Fund must distribute substantially all of its income to its shareholders to qualify for pass through treatment under the tax law. Accordingly, the Fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash or may have to borrow to satisfy distribution requirements.
Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield securities. Since credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect subsequent events the Advisor monitors the issuers of high yield convertible securities in the portfolio to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to attempt to assure the securities’ liquidity so the Fund can meet redemption requests. To the extent that the Fund invests in high yield securities, the achievement of its investment objective may be more dependent, on the Advisor’s own credit analysis than is the case for higher quality bonds. The Fund may retain a portfolio security whose rating has been changed.
Municipal Securities
The Fund may invest in municipal securities. Municipal securities are debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States, including the District of Columbia, and any political subdivisions or financing authority of any of these, the income from which is, in the opinion of qualified legal counsel, exempt from regular federal income tax. However, it is not anticipated that the Fund will be eligible to distribute exempt-interest dividends to shareholders. Municipal securities are generally issued to finance public works such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, hospitals, mass transportation projects, schools, street and water and sewer works. They are also issued to repay outstanding obligations, to raise funds for general operating expenses and to make loans to other public institutions and facilities. Municipal securities include industrial development bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities to provide financing aid to acquire sites or construct and equip facilities for privately or publicly owned corporations. The availability of this financing encourages these corporations to locate within the sponsoring communities and thereby increases local employment.
The two principal classifications of municipal securities are “general obligation” and “revenue” bonds. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Interest on and principal of revenue bonds, however, are payable only from the revenue generated by the facility financed by the bond or other specified sources of revenue. Revenue bonds do not represent a pledge of credit or create any debt of or charge against the general revenues of a municipality or public authority. Industrial development bonds are typically classified as revenue bonds.
The Fund’s investments may include, but are not limited to, the following types of municipal securities: industrial development bonds; municipal notes and bonds; serial notes and bonds sold with a series of maturity dates; tax anticipation notes and bonds sold to finance working capital needs of municipalities in anticipation of receiving taxes at a later date; bond anticipation notes sold in anticipation of the issuance of longer-term bonds in the future; pre-refunded municipal bonds refundable at a later date (payment of principal and interest on pre-refunded bonds are assured through the first call date by the deposit in escrow of U.S. government securities); and general obligation bonds secured by a municipality’s pledge of taxation. There are no restrictions on the maturity of municipal securities in which the Fund may invest. The Advisor will select municipal securities based upon their belief that those securities will produce current income consistent with prudent investment and the Fund’s investment objectives.
The Fund may also purchase municipal securities with variable interest rates. Variable interest rates are ordinarily stated as a percentage of the prime rate of a bank or some similar standard, such as the 91-day U.S. Treasury bill rate. Variable interest rates are adjusted on a periodic basis (i.e., every 30 days). Many variable rate municipal securities are subject to payment of principal on demand, usually in not more than seven days. If a variable rate municipal security does not have this demand feature, or the demand feature extends beyond seven days and the Advisor believe the security cannot be sold within seven days, the Advisor may consider the security to be illiquid. Variable interest rates generally reduce changes in the market value of municipal securities from their original purchase prices. Accordingly, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation is less for variable rate municipal securities than for fixed-income obligations. Many municipal securities with variable interest rates are subject to repayment of principal (usually within seven days) on demand. The terms of these variable rate demand instruments require payment of principal and accrued interest from the issuer of the municipal obligations, the issuer of the participation interests, or a guarantor of either issuer.
The financial institutions from which the Fund may purchase participation interests frequently provide, or secure from other financial institutions, irrevocable letters of credit or guarantees and give the Fund the right to demand payment on specified notice (normally within 30 days) from the issuer of the letter of credit or guarantee. These financial institutions may charge certain fees in connection with their repurchase commitments, including a fee equal to the excess of the interest paid on the municipal securities over the negotiated yield at which the participation interests were purchased. By purchasing participation interests, the Fund is buying a security meeting its quality requirements and is also receiving the tax-free benefits of the underlying securities.
Yields on municipal securities depend on a variety of factors, including: the general conditions of the money market and the taxable and municipal securities markets; the size of the particular offering; the maturity of the obligations; and the credit quality of the issue. Any adverse economic conditions or developments affecting the states or municipalities could impact the Fund’s portfolio.
U.S. Government Securities
The Fund may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations, including bills, notes and bonds. These obligations differ only in terms of their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance. The Fund may also invest in other securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities.
Obligations of certain agencies and instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Others, such as those of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; and others, such as those of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing Association (“Sallie Mae”) are supported only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality that issues them. There is no guarantee that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, now or in the future, if it is not obligated to do so by law.
Asset-Backed Securities (“ABS”)
ABS are secured by assets such as company receivables, truck and auto loans, leases and credit card receivables. Such securities are generally issued as pass-through certificates, which represent undivided fractional ownership interests in the underlying pools of assets. Such securities also may be debt instruments, which are also known as collateralized obligations and are generally issued as the debt of a special purpose entity, such as a trust, organized solely for the purpose of owning such assets and issuing such debt. Covered bonds are a type of asset backed security that is created from public sector loans or mortgage loans where the security is backed by a separate group of loans. Covered bonds typically carry a 2 to 10 year maturity rate and enjoy relatively high credit ratings, depending on the quality of the pool of loans backing the bond.
The credit quality of an ABS transaction depends on the performance of the underlying assets. ABS can be structured with various forms of credit enhancement to address the possibility that some borrowers could miss payments or even default on their loans. Some ABS are subject to interest-rate risk and prepayment risk. A change in interest rates can affect the pace of payments on the underlying loans, which in turn, affects total return on the securities. ABS also carry credit or default risk. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in an ABS transaction. Finally, ABS have structure risk due to a unique characteristic known as early amortization, or early payout, risk. Built into the structure of most ABS are triggers for early payout, designed to protect investors from losses. These triggers are unique to each transaction and can include: a big rise in defaults on the underlying loans, a sharp drop in the credit enhancement level, or even the bankruptcy of the originator. Once early amortization begins, all incoming loan payments (after expenses are paid) are used to pay investors as quickly as possible based upon a predetermined priority of payment.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related securities represent groups of mortgage loans that are combined for sale to investors. The loans may be grouped together by U.S. government agencies and sponsored entities, such as Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) (“Ginnie Mae”), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC) (“Freddie Mac”). The loans may also be grouped together by private issuers such as: commercial banks; savings and loan institutions; mortgage bankers; and private mortgage insurance companies. Mortgage-related securities include CMOs and Real Estate Mortgage Investment
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities: Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by Ginnie Mae) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The rate of pre-payments on underlying mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-related security, and may have the effect of shortening or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. To the extent that unanticipated rates of pre-payment on underlying mortgages increase the effective duration of a mortgage-related security, the volatility of such security can be expected to increase. The residential mortgage market in the United States has experienced difficulties in recent years that may adversely affect the performance and market value of certain of the Fund’s mortgage-related investments. Delinquencies and losses on residential mortgage loans (especially subprime and second-lien mortgage loans) generally have increased and may continue to increase, and a decline in or flattening of housing values (as has been experienced and may continue to be experienced in many housing markets) may exacerbate such delinquencies and losses. Borrowers with adjustable rate mortgage loans are more sensitive to changes in interest rates, which affect their monthly mortgage payments, and may be unable to secure replacement mortgages at comparably low interest rates. Also, a number of residential mortgage loan originators have experienced serious financial difficulties or bankruptcy. Consequently, reduced investor demand for mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities and increased investor yield requirements have caused limited liquidity in
the secondary market for mortgage-related securities, which can adversely affect the market value of mortgage-related securities. It is possible that such limited liquidity in such secondary markets could continue or worsen.
Government Pass-Through Securities: Government pass-through securities are securities that are issued or guaranteed by a U.S. government agency representing an interest in a pool of mortgage loans. The primary issuers or guarantors of these mortgage-backed securities are Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guarantee timely distributions of interest to certificate holders. Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae also guarantee timely distributions of scheduled principal. Freddie Mac generally guarantees only the ultimate collection of principal of the underlying mortgage loan. Certain federal agencies, such as Ginnie Mae, have been established as instrumentalities of the United States government to supervise and finance certain types of activities. Issues of these agencies, while not direct obligations of the United States government, are either backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g., Ginnie Mae securities) or supported by the issuing agencies’ right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. The issues of other agencies are supported by the credit of the instrumentality (e.g., Fannie Mae securities). Government and private guarantees do not extend to the securities’ value, which is likely to vary inversely with fluctuations in interest rates.
There are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-backed securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by Ginnie Mae include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs”) which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by Ginnie Mae and such guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs are created by an “issuer,” which is a Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) approved mortgagee that also meets criteria imposed by Ginnie Mae. The issuer assembles a pool of FHA, Farmers’ Home Administration or Veterans’ Administration
(“VA”) insured or guaranteed mortgages which are homogeneous as to interest rate, maturity and type of dwelling. Upon application by the issuer, and after approval by Ginnie Mae of the pool, Ginnie Mae provides its commitment to guarantee timely payment of principal and interest on the Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs backed by the mortgages included in the pool. The Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs, endorsed by Ginnie Mae, then are sold by the issuer through securities dealers. Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs bear a stated “coupon rate” which represents the effective FHA-VA mortgage rate at the time of issuance, less fees from Ginnie Mae and the issuer. Ginnie Mae is authorized under the National Housing Act to guarantee timely payment of principal and interest on Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs. This guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Ginnie Mae may borrow Treasury funds to the extent needed to make payments under its guarantee. When mortgages in the pool underlying a Ginnie Mae Pass-Through are prepaid by mortgagors or by result of foreclosure, such principal payments are passed through to the certificate holders. Accordingly, the life of the Ginnie Mae Pass-Through is likely to be substantially shorter than the stated maturity of the mortgages in the underlying pool. Because of such variation in prepayment rates, it is not possible to predict the life of a particular Ginnie Mae Pass-Through. Payments to holders of Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs consist of the monthly distributions of interest and principal less the fees of Ginnie Mae and the issuer. The actual yield to be earned by a holder of a Ginnie Mae Pass-Through is calculated by dividing interest payments by the purchase price paid for the Ginnie Mae Pass-Through (which may be at a premium or a discount from the face value of the certificate). Monthly distributions of interest, as contrasted to semi-annual distributions which are common for other fixed interest investments, have the effect of compounding and thereby raising the effective annual yield earned on Ginnie Mae Pass-Throughs.
Mortgage-related securities issued by Fannie Mae include Fannie Mae Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as “Fannie Mae Pass-Throughs”) that are solely the obligations of Fannie Mae and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States. Fannie Mae Pass-Throughs are guaranteed as to timely payment of the principal and interest by Fannie Mae.
Mortgage-related securities issued by Freddie Mac include FHLMC Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as “Freddie Mac PCs”). Freddie Mac PCs are not guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Mac PCs entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When Freddie Mac does not guarantee timely payment of principal, Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”): A CMO is a debt obligation of a legal entity that is collateralized by mortgages and divided into classes. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans or private mortgage bonds, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, Freddie Mac, or Fannie Mae, and their income streams.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, often referred to as “tranches,” with each class bearing a different stated maturity and entitled to a different schedule for payments of principal and interest, including pre-payments. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the pre-payment experience of the collateral. In the case of certain CMOs (known as “sequential pay” CMOs), payments of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including pre-payments, are applied to the classes of CMOs in the order of their respective final distribution dates. Thus, no payment of principal will be made on any class of sequential pay CMOs until all other classes having an earlier final distribution date have been paid in full.
Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”): REMICs are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by interests in real property. For Freddie Mac REMIC certificates, Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest, and also guarantees the payment of principal as payments are required to be made on the underlying mortgage participation certificates. Fannie Mae REMIC certificates are issued and guaranteed as to timely distribution of principal and interest by Fannie Mae.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”): CMBS include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. The market for CMBS developed more recently and in terms of total outstanding principal amount of issues is relatively small compared to the market for residential single-family mortgage-backed securities. Many of the risks of investing in CMBS reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. CMBS may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
Mortgage Dollar Rolls: Mortgage “dollar rolls” are transactions in which mortgage-backed securities are sold for delivery in the current month and the seller simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. The difference between the sale price and the purchase price (plus any interest earned on the cash proceeds of the sale) is netted against the interest income foregone on the securities sold to arrive at an implied borrowing rate. Alternatively, the sale and purchase transactions can be executed at the same price, with the Fund being paid a fee as consideration for entering into the commitment to purchase. Mortgage dollar rolls may be renewed prior to cash settlement and initially may involve only a firm commitment agreement by the Fund to buy a security. If the broker-dealer to whom the Fund sells the security becomes insolvent, the Fund’s right to repurchase the security may be restricted. Other risks involved in entering into mortgage dollar rolls include the risk that the value of the security may change adversely over the term of the mortgage dollar roll and that the security the Fund is required to repurchase may be worth less than the security that the Fund originally held. As further outlined in the “Derivatives” subsection, Mortgage Dollar Rolls will be entered into in accordance with the regulatory requirements described in the “Derivatives” subsection.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities (“SMBS”): SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing. SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal.
In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive the entire principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including pre-payments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the assets underlying the interest-only securities experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities. Conversely, principal-only securities tend to increase in value if prepayments are greater than anticipated and decline if prepayments are slower than anticipated. The secondary market for SMBS may be more volatile and less liquid than that for other mortgage-backed securities, potentially limiting the Fund’s ability to buy or sell these securities at any particular time.
Collateralized Loan Obligations (“CLOs”): A CLO is a type of asset-backed security that is an obligation of a trust typically collateralized by pools of loans, which may include domestic and foreign senior secured and unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade, or equivalent unrated loans. The cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, which vary in risk and yield. The riskier portion is the residual, or “equity,” tranche, which bears some or all of the risk of default by the loans in the trust, and therefore protects the other more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche of a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection provided by the equity tranche, senior CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default, the total loss of the equity tranche due to losses in the collateral, market anticipation of defaults, fraud by the trust, and the illiquidity of CLO securities.
The risks of an investment in a CLO largely depend on the type of underlying collateral securities and the tranche in which the Fund invests. Typically, CLOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, the Fund may characterize its investments in CLOs as illiquid, unless an active dealer market for a particular CLO allows the CLO to be purchased and sold in Rule 144A transactions. CLOs are subject to the typical risks associated with debt instruments (i.e., interest rate risk and credit risk). Additional risks of CLOs include (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will be insufficient to make interest or other payments, (ii) a decline in the quality of the collateral, and (iii) the possibility that the Fund may invest in a subordinate tranche of a CLO. In addition, due to the complex nature of a CLO, an investment in a CLO may not perform as expected. An investment in a CLO also is subject to the risk that the issuer and the investors may interpret the terms of the instrument differently, giving rise to disputes.
Money Market Instruments
The Fund may invest in cash and money market securities. The Fund may do so to “cover” investment techniques, when taking a temporary defensive position or to have assets available to pay expenses, satisfy redemption requests or take advantage of investment opportunities. The money market securities in which the Fund invests may include U.S. Treasury Bills, commercial paper, and commercial paper master notes.
The Fund may invest in commercial paper or commercial paper master notes rated, at the time of purchase, A-1 or A-2 by Standard & Poor’s Corporation or Prime-1 or Prime 2 by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. Commercial paper master notes are demand instruments without a fixed maturity bearing interest at rates that are fixed to known lending rates and automatically adjusted when such lending rates change.
The Fund may also invest in securities issued by other investment companies that invest in high quality, short-term debt securities (namely, money market instruments). In addition to the advisory fees and other expenses the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations, as a shareholder of another investment company, the Fund would bear its pro rata portion of the other investment company’s advisory fees and other expenses, and such fees and other expenses will be borne indirectly by the Fund’s shareholders.
Distressed Securities. Distressed investment strategies involve investing in the securities and loans of companies that are in weak financial condition, are experiencing poor operating results, need substantial capital investment, perhaps have a negative net worth, are experiencing special competitive or products obsolescence problems, or are involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. These investments may be made in securities with a wide spectrum of risk and market sensitivity; for example, in fully secured bank debt of a company that is in a late-stage bankruptcy proceeding that the Advisor believes involves low risk due to the value of the underlying assets or, conversely, in the equity of a highly leveraged company that may or may not declare bankruptcy. The securities of highly leveraged companies or companies that have fallen into distress are often mispriced. In an attempt to capture such mispricing, the Fund may take partially offsetting positions in the securities of the distressed issuer. For example, the Fund may take partially offsetting positions in the securities of the distressed issuer. This would involve the Fund purchasing a company’s senior debt securities, while selling short its subordinated debt and/or equity if the Advisor determines that the junior securities are significantly overvalued relative to the senior securities. The Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid assets in an account with its custodian in the prescribed amount as determined daily.
Inflation-Indexed Bonds
The Fund may invest in inflation-indexed bonds, which are fixed-income securities whose value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers utilize a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the inflation accruals as part of a semiannual coupon.
Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have varying maturities and pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will
be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. The Fund also may invest in other inflation-related bonds that may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount.
The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.
While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.
The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.
Duration and Portfolio Maturity. As a measure of a fixed-income security’s cash flow, duration is an alternative to the concept of “term to maturity” in assessing the price volatility associated with changes in interest rates. Generally, the longer the duration, the more volatility an investor should expect. For example, the market price of a bond with a duration of three years would be expected to decline 3% if interest rates rose 1%. Conversely, the market price of the same bond would be expected to increase 3% if interest rates fell 1%. The market price of a bond with a duration of six years would be expected to increase or decline twice as much as the market price of a bond with a three-year duration. Duration is a way of measuring a security’s maturity in terms of the average time required to receive the present value of all interest and principal payments as opposed to its term to maturity. The maturity of a security measures only the time until final payment is due; it does not take account of the pattern of a security’s cash flows over time, which would include how cash flow is affected by prepayments and by changes in interest rates. Incorporating a security’s yield, coupon interest payments, final maturity and option features into one measure, duration is computed by determining the weighted average maturity of a bond’s cash flows, where the present values of the cash flows serve as weights. In computing the duration of the Fund, the Advisor will estimate the duration of obligations that are subject to features such as prepayment or redemption by the issuer, put options retained by the investor or other embedded options, taking into account the influence of interest rates on prepayments and coupon flows. The Advisor will adjust the duration and maturity of the Fund’s portfolio based on the Advisor’s interest rate outlook.
Real Estate Investment Trusts. The Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). In general, a REIT is a corporation, or a business trust that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation, which meets certain definitional requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Code permits a qualifying REIT to deduct dividends paid, thereby effectively eliminating corporate level federal income tax. To meet the definitional requirements of the Code, a REIT must, among other things, invest substantially all of its assets in real estate interests (including mortgages and other REITs) or cash and government securities, derive
most of its income from rents from real property or interest on loans secured by mortgages on real property, and annually distribute a substantial portion of its otherwise taxable income to shareholders.
REITs are characterized as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, and hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which may include operating or finance companies, own real estate directly and the value of, and income earned by, the REITs depend upon the income of the underlying properties and the rental income they earn. Equity REITs also can realize capital gains (or losses) by selling properties that have appreciated (or depreciated) in value. Mortgage REITs can make construction, development or long-term mortgage loans and are sensitive to the credit quality of the borrower. Mortgage REITs derive their income from interest payments on such loans. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs, generally by holding both ownership interests and mortgage interests in real estate. The value of securities issued by U.S. REITs are affected by tax and regulatory requirements and perceptions of management skill. They also are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers or tenants, self-liquidation and the possibility of failing to qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax status generally available to U.S. REITs under the Code or to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act. Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”)
When the Fund invests in REITs, it is subject to risks principally associated with investing in real estate: (1) possible declines in the value of real estate, (2) adverse general and local economic conditions, (3) possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, (4) changes in interest rates, and (5) environmental problems. In addition, real estate investment trusts are subject to other risks related specifically to their structure and focus: (a) dependency upon management skills; (b) limited diversification; (c) the risks of locating and managing financing for projects; (d) heavy cash flow dependency; (e) possible default by borrowers; (f) the costs and potential losses of self-liquidation of one or more holdings; (g) the possibility of failing to maintain exemptions from securities registration; (h) duplicative fees; and, in many cases, relatively small market capitalization which may result in less market liquidity and greater price volatility.
Preferred Securities
The Fund may invest in two basic types of preferred securities, traditional and hybrid-preferred securities. Traditional preferred securities consist of preferred stock issued by an entity taxable as a corporation. Preferred stocks, which may offer fixed or floating rate dividends, are perpetual instruments and considered equity securities. Preferred securities are subordinated to senior debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms of priority to corporate income and claim to corporate assets, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than debt instruments. Alternatively, hybrid-preferred securities may be issued by corporations, generally in the form of interest-bearing notes with preferred securities characteristics, or by an affiliated trust or partnership of the corporation, generally in the form of preferred interests in subordinated debentures or similarly structured securities. The hybrid-preferred securities market consists of both fixed and adjustable coupon rate securities that are either perpetual in nature or have stated maturity dates. Hybrid-preferred securities are considered debt securities. Due to their similar attributes, the Advisor also considers senior debt perpetual issues, certain securities with convertible features as well as exchange-listed senior debt issues that trade with attributes of exchange-listed perpetual and hybrid-preferred securities to be part of the broader preferred securities market.
Traditional Preferred Securities
Traditional preferred securities pay fixed or floating dividends to investors and have “preference” over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of a company’s assets. This means that a company must pay dividends on preferred stock before paying any dividends on its common stock. In order to be payable, distributions on such preferred securities must be declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Income payments on preferred securities may be cumulative, causing dividends and distributions to accumulate even if not declared by the board of directors or otherwise made payable. In such a case, all accumulated dividends must be paid before any dividend on the common stock can be paid. However, many traditional preferred stocks are non-cumulative, in which case dividends do not accumulate and need not ever be paid. The Fund may invest in non-cumulative preferred securities, whereby the issuer does not have an obligation to make up any missed payments to its stockholders. There is no assurance that dividends or distributions on the traditional preferred securities in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable. Preferred securities may also contain provisions
under which payments must be stopped (namely, stoppage is compulsory, not discretionary). The conditions under which this occurs may relate to, for instance, capitalization levels. Hence, if a company incurs significant losses that deplete retained earnings automatic payment stoppage could occur. In some cases the terms of the preferred securities provide that the issuer would be obligated to attempt to issue common shares to raise funds for the purpose of making the preferred payments. However, there is no guarantee that the issuer would be successful in placing common shares.
Preferred stockholders usually have no right to vote for corporate directors or on other matters. Shares of traditional preferred securities have a liquidation preference that generally equals the original purchase price at the date of issuance. The market value of preferred securities may be affected by, among other factors, favorable and unfavorable changes impacting the issuer or industries in which they operate, movements in interest rates and inflation, and the broader economic and credit environments, and by actual and anticipated changes in tax laws, such as changes in corporate and individual income tax rates. Because the claim on an issuer’s earnings represented by traditional preferred securities may become onerous when interest rates fall below the rate payable on such securities, the issuer may redeem the securities. Thus, in declining interest rate environments in particular, the Fund’s holdings of higher rate-paying fixed rate preferred securities may be reduced, and the Fund may be unable to acquire securities of comparable credit quality paying comparable rates with the redemption proceeds.
Pursuant to the dividends received deduction (the “DRD”), corporations may generally deduct 50% of the income they receive from dividends on traditional preferred securities issued by domestic corporations that are paid out of earnings and profits of the issuer. However, not all traditional preferred securities pay dividends that are eligible for the DRD. Under current law, individuals will generally be taxed at long-term capital gain rates on qualified dividend income (“QDI”). However, not all distributions on traditional preferred securities will qualify to be treated as QDI. In particular, distributions on preferred securities issued by U.S. real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) generally are not eligible for the DRD and generally are not treated as QDI.
Hybrid-preferred Securities
Hybrid-preferred securities are typically junior and fully subordinated liabilities of an issuer or the beneficiary of a guarantee that is junior and fully subordinated to the other liabilities of the guarantor. In addition, hybrid-preferred securities typically permit an issuer to defer the payment of income for eighteen months or more without triggering an event of default. Generally, the maximum deferral period is five years. Because of their subordinated position in the capital structure of an issuer, the ability to defer payments for extended periods of time without default consequences to the issuer, and certain other features (such as restrictions on common dividend payments by the issuer or ultimate guarantor when full cumulative payments on the hybrid preferred securities have not been made), these hybrid-preferred securities are often treated as close substitutes for traditional preferred securities, both by issuers and investors. Hybrid-preferred securities have many of the key characteristics of equity due to their subordinated position in an issuer’s capital structure and because their quality and value are heavily dependent on the profitability of the issuer rather than on any legal claims to specific assets or cash flows.
Hybrid-preferred securities are typically issued with a final maturity date. In certain instances, a final maturity date may be extended and/or the final payment of principal may be deferred at the issuer’s option for a specified time without default. No redemption can typically take place unless all cumulative payment obligations have been met, although issuers may be able to engage in open-market repurchases without regard to whether all payments have been paid.
Many hybrid-preferred securities are issued by trusts or other special purpose entities established by operating companies and are not a direct obligation of an operating company. At the time the trust or special purpose entity sells such preferred securities to investors, it purchases debt of the operating company (with terms comparable to those of the trust or special purpose entity securities), which enables the operating company to deduct for tax purposes the interest paid on the debt held by the trust or special purpose entity. The trust or special purpose entity is generally required to be treated as transparent for U.S. federal income tax purposes such that the holders of the hybrid-preferred securities are treated as owning beneficial interests in the underlying debt of the operating company. Accordingly, payments on hybrid-preferred securities are generally treated as interest rather than dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, are not eligible for the DRD or the reduced rates of
tax that apply to QDI. The trust or special purpose entity in turn would be a holder of the operating company’s debt and would have priority with respect to the operating company’s earnings and profits over the operating company’s common stockholders, but would typically be subordinated to other classes of the operating company’s debt. Typically a preferred security has a credit rating that is lower than that of its corresponding operating company’s senior debt securities.
Within the category of hybrid-preferred securities are senior debt instruments that trade in the broader preferred securities market. These debt instruments, which are sources of long-term capital for the issuers, have structural features similar to other preferred securities such as maturities ranging from 30 years to perpetuity, call features, quarterly payments, exchange listings and the inclusion of accrued interest in the trading price.
In some cases traditional and hybrid securities may include loss absorption provisions that make the securities more equity like. This is particularly true in the financials sector, the largest preferred issuer segment. Events in global financial markets in recent periods have caused regulators to review the function and structure of preferred securities more closely. While loss absorption language is relatively rare in the preferred market today, it may become much more prevalent.
In one version of a preferred security with loss absorption characteristics, the liquidation value of the security may be adjusted downward to below the original par value under certain circumstances. This may occur, for instance, in the event that business losses have eroded capital to a substantial extent. The write down of the par value would occur automatically and would not entitle the holders to seek bankruptcy of the company. Such securities may provide for circumstances under which the liquidation value may be adjusted back up to par, such as an improvement in capitalization and/or earnings.
Another preferred structure with loss absorption characteristics is the contingent capital security (sometimes referred to as “CoCo’s”). These securities provide for mandatory conversion into common shares of the issuer under certain circumstances. The mandatory conversion might relate, for instance, to maintenance of a capital minimum, whereby falling below the minimum would trigger automatic conversion. Since the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in these instruments could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero; and conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, hence worsening standing in a bankruptcy. In addition, some such instruments have a set stock conversion rate that would cause an automatic write-down of capital if the price of the stock is below the conversion price on the conversion date.
Preferred securities may be subject to changes in regulations and there can be no assurance that the current regulatory treatment of preferred securities will continue.
Convertible Preferred Securities. Some preferred securities, generally known as convertible preferred securities, provide for an investor option to convert their holdings into common shares of the issuer. These securities may have lower rates of income than other preferred securities, and the conversion option may cause them to trade more like equities than typical fixed income instruments.
Floating Rate Securities. The Fund may invest in floating rate preferred securities, which provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the securities. The terms of such securities provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate adjustment index. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to annually, or may be event-based, such as a change in the prime rate. Because of the interest rate reset feature, floating rate securities provide the Fund with a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, although the interest rates of floating rate securities will participate in any declines in interest rates as well.
Illiquid Investments and Restricted Securities
The Fund may not acquire an illiquid investment if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is any investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. If illiquid investments
exceed 15% of the Fund’s net assets, certain remedial actions will be taken as required by Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act and the Fund’s policies and procedures.
Restricted securities are securities subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale, such as private placements. Such restrictions might prevent the sale of restricted securities at a time when the sale would otherwise be desirable. Under SEC regulations, certain restricted securities acquired through private placements can be traded freely among qualified purchasers. While restricted securities are generally classified as illiquid, the SEC has stated that an investment company’s board of directors, or its investment adviser acting under authority delegated by the board, may determine that a security eligible for trading under this rule is “liquid.” The Fund intends to rely on this rule, to the extent appropriate, to deem specific securities acquired through private placement as “liquid.” The Board has delegated to the Advisor, pursuant to guidelines established by the Board, the responsibility for determining whether a particular security eligible for trading under this rule is “liquid.” Investing in these restricted securities could have the effect of increasing the Fund’s illiquidity if qualified purchasers become, for a time, uninterested in buying these securities.
Restricted securities may be sold only (1) pursuant to SEC Rule 144A or another exemption, (2) in privately negotiated transactions or (3) in public offerings with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act”). Rule 144A securities, although not registered in the U.S., may be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. As noted above, the Advisor, acting pursuant to guidelines established by the Board, may determine that some Rule 144A securities are liquid. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a restricted security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell.
Illiquid investments may be difficult to value, and the Fund may have difficulty disposing of such investments promptly. The Fund does not consider non-U.S. securities to be restricted if they can be freely sold in the principal markets in which they are traded, even if they are not registered for sale in the U.S.
Derivatives
The Fund may invest in derivatives which are, generally, financial instruments whose value is derived, at least in part, from the value of an underlying asset or assets. Types of derivatives include options, futures contracts, options on futures, and forward contracts. Derivative instruments may be used for a variety of reasons, including enhancing returns, hedging against certain market risks, or providing a substitute for purchasing or selling particular securities.
Derivatives can be volatile and involve various types and degrees of risk, depending upon the characteristics of the particular derivative and the portfolio as a whole. Derivatives permit the Fund to increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, to which its portfolio is exposed in much the same way as the Fund can increase or decrease the level of risk, or change the character of the risk, of its portfolio by making investments in specific securities.
Derivatives may be purchased on established exchanges or through privately negotiated transactions referred to as over-the-counter derivatives. Exchange-traded derivatives generally are guaranteed by the clearing agency, which is the issuer or counterparty to such derivatives. This guarantee usually is supported by a daily payment system (i.e., margin requirements) operated by the clearing agency in order to reduce overall credit risk. As a result, unless the clearing agency defaults, there is relatively little counterparty credit risk associated with derivatives purchased on an exchange. By contrast, no clearing agency guarantees over-the-counter derivatives. Therefore, each party to an over-the-counter derivative bears the risk that the counterparty will default. Accordingly, the Advisor will consider the creditworthiness of counterparties to over-the-counter derivatives in the same manner as they would review the credit quality of a security to be purchased by the Fund. Over-the-counter derivatives are less liquid than exchange-traded derivatives since the other party to the transaction may be the only investor with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be interested in bidding for it.
The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Derivatives are subject to a number of risks, such as liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, credit risk and management risk. They also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. The Fund, by investing in a derivative instrument, could lose more than the principal amount invested. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial.
Options, Futures and Other Strategies
The Fund may invest in options on equities, debt and stock indices (collectively, “options”). The Fund may also invest in futures contracts and options on futures contracts (collectively, “futures”). The Fund may make these investments as a substitute for a comparable market position in the underlying security, to attempt to hedge or limit the exposure of the Fund’s position, to create a synthetic money market position for certain tax-related purposes and to effect closing transactions. The Fund will not invest in futures for speculative purposes.
Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act governs the Fund's use of derivative instruments and certain other transactions that create future payment and/or delivery obligations by the Fund. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits the Fund to enter into Derivatives Transactions (as defined below) and certain other transactions notwithstanding the restrictions on the issuance of “senior securities” under Section 18 of the 1940 Act. Section 18 of the 1940 Act, among other things, prohibits open-end funds, including the Fund, from issuing or selling any “senior security,” other than borrowing from a bank (subject to a requirement to maintain 300% “asset coverage”).
Under Rule 18f-4, “Derivatives Transactions” include the following: (1) any swap, security-based swap (including a contract for differences), futures contract, forward contract, option (excluding purchased options), any combination of the foregoing, or any similar instrument, under which the Fund is or may be required to make any payment or delivery of cash or other assets during the life of the instrument or at maturity or early termination, whether as margin or settlement payment or otherwise; (2) any short sale borrowing; (3) reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions (e.g., recourse and non-recourse tender option bonds, and borrowed bonds), if the Fund elects to treat these transactions as Derivatives Transactions under Rule 18f-4; and (4) when-issued or forward-settling securities (e.g., firm and standby commitments, including to-be-announced (“TBA”) commitments, and dollar rolls) and non-standard settlement cycle securities, unless the Fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date.
Unless the Fund is relying on the Limited Derivatives User Exception (as defined below), the Fund must comply with Rule 18f-4 with respect to its Derivatives Transactions. Rule 18f-4, among other things, requires the Fund adopt and implement a comprehensive written derivatives risk management program (“DRMP”) and comply with a relative or absolute limit on Fund leverage risk calculated based on value-at-risk (“VaR”). The DRMP is administered by a “derivatives risk manager,” who is appointed by the Fund's Board, including a majority of Independent Trustees, and periodically reviews the DRMP and reports to the Board.
Rule 18f-4 provides an exception from the DRMP, VaR limit and certain other requirements if the Fund's “derivatives exposure” (as defined in Rule 18f-4) is limited to 10% of its net assets (as calculated in accordance with Rule 18f-4) and the Fund adopts and implements written policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage its derivatives risks (the “Limited Derivatives User Exception”).
The requirements of Rule 18f-4 may limit the Fund's ability to engage in derivatives transactions as part of its investment strategies. The rule also may not be effective to limit the Fund's risk of loss. In particular, measurements of value at risk rely on historical data and may not accurately measure the degree of risk reflected in the Fund's derivatives or other investments.
There may be additional regulation of the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, such as the Fund, which could significantly affect their use. Additional regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, limit their availability or utility, or otherwise adversely affect their performance or disrupt markets. The use of options and futures (collectively, “derivative instruments”) is subject to applicable regulations of the SEC, the
several exchanges upon which they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”). In addition, the Fund’s ability to use derivative instruments will be limited by tax considerations. See “Distributions and Tax Information.”
In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below and in the Prospectus, the Advisor may discover additional opportunities in connection with derivative instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as the Advisor develops new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new derivative instruments or other techniques are developed. The Advisor may utilize these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and permitted by the Fund’s investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities.
The use of derivative instruments involves special considerations and risks which include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Successful use of most derivative instruments depends upon the Advisor’s ability to predict movements of the overall securities markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to the differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to distortion. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of stock market trends by the Advisor may still not result in a successful transaction. The Advisor may be incorrect in its expectations as to the extent of market movements or the time span within which the movements take place, which, thus, may result in the strategy being unsuccessful.
(2) Options and futures prices can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments. Options and futures prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect or no correlation also may result from differing levels of demand in the options and futures markets and the securities markets, from structural differences in how options and futures and securities are traded, and from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts.
(3) As described below, the Fund might be required to make margin payments when it takes positions in derivative instruments involving obligations to third parties (e.g., derivative instruments other than purchased options). If the Fund were unable to close out its positions in such derivative instruments, it might be required to continue to make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair the Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment when it would otherwise be favorable to do so or require that the Fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time. The Fund’s ability to close out a position in a derivative instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counter-party”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the Fund.
(4) Losses may arise due to unanticipated market price movements, lack of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at a particular time or due to losses from premiums paid by the Fund on options transactions.
Options on Securities and Securities Indices
The Fund normally will purchase call options in anticipation of an increase in the market value of securities of the type in which it may invest or a positive change in the currency in which such securities are denominated. The purchase of a call option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities or a specified amount of a foreign currency at a specified price during the option period. The Fund normally will purchase put options in anticipation of a decrease in the market value of securities of the type in which it may invest or a negative change in the currency in which such securities are denominated. The purchase of a put option would entitle the Fund, in return for the premium paid, to sell specified securities or a specified amount of a foreign currency at a specified price during the option period.
The Fund may purchase and sell options traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges based on the market value of the options. Although the Fund will generally purchase only those options for which there appears to be an active
secondary market, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option or at any particular time. For some options, no secondary market on an exchange may exist. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the result that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of the underlying securities.
Secondary markets on an exchange may not exist or may not be liquid for a variety of reasons including: (i) insufficient trading interest in certain options; (ii) restrictions on opening transactions or closing transactions imposed by an exchange; (iii) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (iv) unusual or unforeseen circumstances which interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (v) inadequate facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation to handle current trading volume at all times; or (vi) discontinuance in the future by one or more exchanges for economic or other reasons, of trading of options (or of a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
There is no assurance that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain of the facilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and result in the institution by an exchange of special procedures that may interfere with the timely execution of the Fund’s option orders.
Futures and Options on Futures
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific security at a specified future time and at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The Fund may use futures contracts and related options for bona fide hedging purposes, such as to offset changes in the value of securities held or expected to be acquired or be disposed of, to minimize fluctuations in foreign currencies, or to gain exposure to a particular market or instrument. Some strategies reduce the Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations, while others tend to increase its exposure. The Fund will minimize the risk that it will be unable to close out a futures contract by only entering into futures contracts traded on national futures exchanges.
Stock and bond index futures are futures contracts for various stock and bond indices that are traded on registered securities exchanges. Stock and bond index futures contracts obligate the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take) an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific stock or bond index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made.
Stock and bond index futures contracts are bilateral agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the stock or bond index value at the close of trading of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the stocks or bonds comprising the index is made; generally contracts are closed out prior to the expiration date of the contracts.
No price is paid upon entering into futures contracts. Instead, the Fund would be required to deposit an amount of cash or U.S. Treasury securities known as “initial margin.” Subsequent payments, called “variation margin,” to and from the broker, would be made on a daily basis as the value of the futures position varies (a process known as “marking to market”). The margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit on a futures contract.
There are risks associated with these activities, including the following: (1) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on an ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (2) there may be an imperfect or no correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by the Fund and the prices of futures and options on futures; (3) there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract or option; (4) trading restrictions or limitations may be imposed by an exchange; and (5) government regulations may restrict trading in futures contracts and futures options.
The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts and related options to manage its exposure to changing interest rates and securities prices. Some strategies reduce the Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations, while others tend to increase its market exposure. Futures and options on futures can be volatile instruments and involve certain risks that could negatively impact the Fund’s return. When the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, or sells an option thereon, the Fund must deposit initial margin and, in some instances, daily variation margin, meets its obligations under a contract with futures commission merchant.
Swaps
Swap agreements tend to shift the Fund’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. For example, the Fund may enter into interest rate swaps, which involve the exchange of interest payments by the Fund with another party, such as an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed interest rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. If an interest rate swap intended to be used as a hedge negates a favorable interest rate movement, the investment performance of the Fund would be less than what it would have been if the Fund had not entered into the interest rate swap.
Credit default swap contracts involve heightened risks and may result in losses to the Fund. Credit default swaps may be illiquid and difficult to value. If the Fund buys a credit default swap, it will be subject to the risk that the credit default swap may expire worthless, as the credit default swap would only generate income in the event of a default on the underlying debt security or other specified event. As a buyer, the Fund would also be subject to credit risk relating to the seller’s payment of its obligations in the event of a default (or similar event). If the Fund sells a credit default swap, it will be exposed to the credit risk of the issuer of the obligation to which the credit default swap relates. As a seller, the Fund would also be subject to leverage risk, because it would be liable for the full notional amount of the swap in the event of a default (or similar event).
The absence of a central exchange or market for swap transactions may lead, in some instances, to difficulties in trading and valuation, especially in the event of market disruptions. Recent legislation requires certain swaps to be executed through a centralized exchange or regulated facility and be cleared through a regulated clearinghouse. Although this clearing mechanism is generally expected to reduce counterparty credit risk, it may disrupt or limit the swap market and may not result in swaps being easier to trade or value. As swaps become more standardized, the Fund may not be able to enter into swaps that meet its investment needs. The Fund also may not be able to find a clearinghouse willing to accept a swap for clearing. In a cleared swap, a central clearing organization will be the counterparty to the transaction. The Fund will assume the risk that the clearinghouse may be unable to perform its obligations.
The Fund will be required to maintain its positions with a clearing organization through one or more clearing brokers. The clearing organization will require the Fund to post margin and the broker may require the Fund to post additional margin to secure the Fund’s obligations. The amount of margin required may change from time to time. In addition, cleared transactions may be more expensive to maintain than over-the-counter transactions and may require the Fund to deposit larger amounts of margin. The Fund may not be able to recover margin amounts if the broker has financial difficulties. Also, the broker may require the Fund to terminate a derivatives position under certain circumstances. This may cause the Fund to lose money.
Risks associated with the use of derivatives are magnified to the extent that an increased portion of the Fund’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.
Credit Default Swap Agreement (“CDS”) and Credit Default Index Swap Agreement Risk (“CDX”)
The Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements, credit default index swap agreements and similar agreements as a “buyer” or as a “seller” of credit protection. The credit default swap agreement or similar instruments may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not then held by the Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default swap agreement is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement, provided generally that no credit event on a reference obligation has occurred. In addition, at inception of the agreement, the protection “buyer” may receive or be obligated to pay an additional up-front amount depending on the current market value of the contract. With respect to credit default swap agreements whereby the Fund is a “buyer” of credit protection and that are contractually required to cash settle, the Fund sets aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations under the contracts. For credit default swap agreements whereby the Fund is a “buyer” of credit protection and that are contractually required to physically settle, or for credit default swap agreements whereby the Fund is deemed to be a “seller” of credit protection, the Fund sets aside the full notional value of such contracts. If a credit event occurs, an auction process is used to determine the “recovery value” of the contract. The seller then must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap contract minus the “recovery value” as determined by the auction process. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund’s net cash flows over the life of the contract will be the initial up-front amount paid or received minus the sum of the periodic payments made over the life of the contract. However, if a credit event occurs, the Fund may elect to receive a cash amount equal to the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap contract minus the “recovery value” as determined by the auction process. As a seller of protection, the Fund generally receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. In addition, at the inception of the agreement, the Fund may receive or be obligated to pay an additional up-front amount depending on the current market value of the contract. If a credit event occurs, the Fund will be generally obligated to pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap contract minus the “recovery value” as determined by the auction process. Credit default swaps could result in losses if the Advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the underlying instrument on which the credit default swap is based. Additionally, if the Fund is a seller of a credit default swap and a credit event occurs, the Fund could suffer significant losses.
Exclusion from Definition of Commodity Pool Operator
Pursuant to Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), the Advisor has filed a notice of exemption from registration as a “commodity pool operator” with respect to the Fund. The Fund and the Advisor are therefore not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA. In order to claim the Rule 4.5 exemption, the Fund is significantly limited in its ability to invest in commodity futures, options and swaps (including securities futures, broad-based stock index futures and financial futures contracts).
Lending of Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend portfolio securities constituting up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (as permitted by the 1940 Act) to unaffiliated broker-dealers, banks or other recognized institutional borrowers of securities, provided that the borrower at all times maintains cash, U.S. government securities or equivalent collateral or provides an irrevocable letter of credit in favor of the Fund equal in value to at least 100% of the value of the securities loaned. During the time portfolio securities are on loan, the borrower pays the Fund an amount equivalent to any dividends or interest paid on such securities, and the Fund may receive an agreed-upon amount of interest income from the borrower who delivered equivalent collateral or provided a letter of credit. Loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan of portfolio securities and may pay a negotiated portion of the interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the borrower or placing broker. The Fund does not have the right to vote securities on loan, but could terminate the loan and regain the right to vote if that were considered important with respect to the investment.
The primary risk in securities lending is a default by the borrower during a sharp rise in price of the borrowed security resulting in a deficiency in the collateral posted by the borrower. The Fund will seek to minimize this risk
by requiring that the value of the securities loaned be computed each day and additional collateral be furnished each day if required.
Short-Term, Temporary, and Cash Investments
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
Bank Certificates of Deposit, Bankers’ Acceptances and Time Deposits. The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances acquired by the Fund will be dollar denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S. Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are different in some respects from those incurred by a fund that invests only in debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See “Foreign Investments” above. Such risks include future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange controls or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves, limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and policies stated above and in its Prospectus, the Fund may make interest bearing time or other interest bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
Savings Association Obligations. The Fund may invest in certificates of deposit (interest bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S. Government.
Commercial Paper, Short Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short term notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short term notes will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase “A-2” or higher by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), “Prime-1” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in Appendix A.
Borrowing
The Fund is authorized to borrow money from banks from time to time for temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions, and not for the purpose of leveraging its investments, in amounts not to exceed at any time 33-1/3% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowings, as allowed under the 1940 Act. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund’s shares and in the return on the Fund’s portfolio. Although the principal of any borrowing will be fixed, the Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is outstanding. The Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so in order to make payments with respect to any borrowing. The Fund may be required to earmark or segregate liquid assets in an amount sufficient to meet their obligations in connection with such borrowings. In an interest rate arbitrage transaction, the Fund borrows money at one interest rate and lends the proceeds at another, higher interest rate. These transactions involve a number of risks, including the risk that the borrower will fail or otherwise become insolvent or that there will be a significant change in prevailing interest rates. The Fund has adopted fundamental limitations and non-fundamental limitations which restrict circumstances in which and the degree to which the Fund can engage in borrowing. See the section entitled “Investment Limitations” below.
Borrowing and Leveraging. The Fund may borrow money from banks (including their custodian bank) or from other lenders to the extent permitted by applicable law. The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) requires the Fund to maintain asset coverage (total assets, including assets acquired with borrowed funds, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of at least 300% for all such borrowings. If at any time the value of the Fund’s assets should fail to meet this 300% coverage test, the Fund, within 3 days (not including Sundays and holidays), will reduce the amount of its borrowings to the extent necessary to meet this test. The Fund will not make any borrowing or enter into a reverse repurchase agreement that would cause its outstanding borrowings to exceed one-third of the value of its total assets.
Leveraging the Fund through borrowing or other means (e.g., certain uses of derivatives) creates an opportunity for increased net income, but, at the same time, creates special risk considerations. Leveraging creates interest expenses for the Fund which could exceed the income from the assets retained. To the extent the income derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest that the Fund will have to pay, the Fund’s net income will be greater than if leveraging were not used. Conversely, if the income from the assets retained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of the Fund will be less than if leveraging were not used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to shareholders as dividends will be reduced. As further outlined in the “Options, Futures and Other Strategies” subsection, the SEC adopted Rule 18f-4 (the “Derivatives Rule”) on October 28, 2020. Funds were required to comply with the Derivatives Rule requirements by August 19, 2022. Interest rate arbitrage transactions, reverse repurchase agreements and dollar roll transactions create leverage and will be entered into in accordance with the regulatory requirements described in the “Options, Futures and Other Strategies” subsection.
In an interest rate arbitrage transaction, the Fund borrows money at one interest rate and lends the proceeds at another, higher interest rate. These leverage transactions involve a number of risks, including the risk that the borrower will fail or otherwise become insolvent or that there will be a significant change in prevailing interest rates. The Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so in order to make payments with respect to any borrowing. The Fund has adopted fundamental limitations and non-fundamental limitations which restrict circumstances in which and degrees to which the Fund can engage in borrowing. See the section entitled “Investment Limitations” below.
To reduce its borrowings, the Fund might be required to sell securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, because interest on money borrowed is a Fund expense that it would not otherwise incur, the Fund may have less net investment income during periods when its borrowings are substantial. The interest paid by the Fund on borrowings may be more or less than the yield on the securities purchased with borrowed funds, depending on prevailing market conditions. Borrowing magnifies the potential for gain or loss on the Fund’s portfolio securities and, therefore, if employed, increases the possibility of fluctuation in its NAV. This is the speculative factor known as leverage.
Cyber Security Risk
Investment companies, such as the Fund, and its service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cyber security breaches. Cyber-attacks affecting the Fund or the Advisor, custodian, transfer agent, intermediaries and other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cyber security risk management purposes. Similar types of cyber security risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund’s investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Fundamental Investment Policies
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the “vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
The Fund’s fundamental policies are as follows:
(1) The Fund may not borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction.
(2) The Fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction.
(3) The Fund may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction.
(4) The Fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction.
(5) The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction.
(6) The Fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority of competent jurisdiction.
(7) The Fund may not invest more than 25% of the market value of its total assets in the securities of companies engaged in any one industry or group of industries. (Does not apply to investments in the securities of other investment companies or securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.)
Additional Information about Fundamental Investment Policies
The following provides additional information about the Fund’s fundamental investment policies. This information does not form part of the Fund’s fundamental investment policies.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires a fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Borrowing money to increase a fund’s investment portfolio is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of a fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of a fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, a fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate a fund’s net investment income in any given period. The policy in (1) above will be interpreted to permit the Fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. The Fund may elect to treat reverse repurchase agreements as (i) borrowings subject to the asset coverage requirements of Section 18 of the 1940 Act or (ii) derivatives transactions for purposes of Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act including, as applicable, the value-at-risk (“VaR”) based limit on leverage risk. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (2) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act, as amended (the “1933 Act”). Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the 1933 Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the 1933 Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a fund investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause a fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (2) above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (3) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans.) While lending securities may be a source of income to a fund, as with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the underlying securities should the borrower fail financially. However, loans would be made only when the Advisor believes the income justifies the attendant risks. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (4) above, “senior securities” are defined as fund obligations that have a priority over the fund’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing senior securities except
that the fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose. A fund also may borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by a fund can increase the speculative character of the fund’s outstanding shares through leveraging. Leveraging of a fund’s portfolio through the issuance of senior securities magnifies the potential for gain or loss on monies, because even though the fund’s net assets remain the same, the total risk to investors is increased. Certain types of transactions involve a commitment by a fund to deliver money or securities in the future, including transactions in when-issued, forward settling, and non-standard settlement cycle securities. Such transactions would be deemed not to involve a senior security (i.e., would not be considered a derivatives transaction), provided that (i) the fund intends to physically settle the transaction and (ii) the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date. If such a transaction were considered to be a derivatives transaction, it would be subject to the requirements of Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act. The policy in (4) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth in (5) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth in (6) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). If a fund were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the fund would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy in (7) above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC has stated that investment of more than 25% of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry or group of industries may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry or group of industries and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry or group of industries. The policy in (8) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in securities of other investment companies; securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations; and tax exempt municipal securities issued by governments or their political subdivisions (excluding private activities, municipal debt securities whose principal and interest payments are derived principally from the assets and revenues of a non-governmental entity); and other investments consistent with current interpretations of concentration. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry or group of industries. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries or groups of industries. When identifying industries or a group of industries for purposes of its concentration policy, the Fund may rely upon available industry classifications. The Fund will consider both the borrower and the institution selling a loan participation as an issuer for purposes of the Fund’s concentration policy. When determining compliance with its concentration policy, the Fund will
consider investments of underlying investment companies in which the Fund invests to the extent the Fund has sufficient information about the holdings of such underlying investment companies. In addition, if the Fund invests in an asset backed security, the Fund will consider such investment to be issued by a member of the industry to which the issuer is tied or to the industry in which the underlying borrower of the loan is related. The industry assignment will be based on the Advisor’s assessment of which industry is most appropriate in the context of the security being examined.
The Fund’s fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund’s portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to higher transaction costs and generally reflects a greater number of taxable transactions. High portfolio turnover may result in larger amounts of short-term capital gains which, when distributed to shareholders, are generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates.
Following are the portfolio turnover rates for the Fund for the fiscal years indicated below:
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Fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 |
| 195% |
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE POLICY
The Fund maintains portfolio holdings disclosure policies that govern the timing and circumstances of disclosure to shareholders and third parties of information regarding the portfolio investments held by the Fund. These portfolio holdings disclosure policies have been approved by the Board. Disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter in the annual report and semi-annual report to Fund shareholders and in the quarterly holdings report as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. These reports are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio holdings information posted on the Fund’s website may be provided separately to any person, commencing on the day after it is first published on the Fund’s website. Shareholders can access the Fund’s website at www.bramshillfunds.com for additional information about the Fund, including, without limitation, the periodic disclosure of its portfolio holdings.
Pursuant to the Trust’s portfolio holdings disclosure policies, information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings generally is not distributed to any person unless, by explicit agreement or by virtue of their respective duties to the Fund, such persons are required to maintain the confidentiality of the information disclosed and have a duty not to trade on non-public information. Examples of disclosure by the Trust include instances in which:
▪The disclosure is required pursuant to a regulatory request, court order or is legally required in the context of other legal proceedings;
▪The disclosure is made to a mutual fund rating and/or ranking organization, or person performing similar functions;
▪The disclosure is made to internal parties involved in the investment process, administration, operation or custody of the Fund, including, but not limited to the Fund’s administrator, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services and the Trust’s Board of Trustees, attorneys, auditors or independent registered public accounting firm;
▪The disclosure is made: (a) in connection with a quarterly, semi-annual or annual report that is available to the public; or (b) relates to information that is otherwise available to the public; or
▪The disclosure is made with the prior written approval of either the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer or his or her designee.
Certain of the persons listed above receive information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings on an ongoing and, unless otherwise noted, on an as needed basis as part of the normal investment activities of the Fund. The Fund believes that these third parties have legitimate objectives in requesting such portfolio holdings information and operate in the best interest of the Fund’s shareholders. These persons include internal parties involved in the investment process, administration, operation or custody of the Fund, specifically: U.S. Bank Global Fund Services; the Trust’s Board; and the Trust’s attorneys and independent registered public accounting firm, all of which typically receive such information after it is generated. In no event shall the Advisor, its affiliates or employees, the Fund, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings.
Any disclosures to additional parties not described above is made with the prior written approval of either the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer or his or her designee, pursuant to the Trust’s Policy and Procedures Regarding Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings.
The Chief Compliance Officer or designated officer of the Trust will approve the furnishing of non-public portfolio holdings to a third party only if they consider the furnishing of such information to be in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders and if no material conflict of interest exists regarding such disclosure between shareholders interest and those of the Advisor, Quasar Distributors, LLC, a wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC, located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101 (the “Distributor”) or any affiliated person of the Fund. No consideration may be received by the Fund, the Advisor, any affiliate of the Advisor or their employees in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. The Board receives and reviews annually a list of the persons who receive non-public portfolio holdings information and the purpose for which it is furnished.
TRUSTEES AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The overall management of the Trust’s business and affairs is invested with its Board. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the agreements with the Advisor, administrator, custodian and transfer agent, each as discussed below. The day-to-day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and policies and to the general supervision of the Board. Information about the Trustees and officers of the Trust is set forth in the table below.
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Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held with Trust | Term of Office(1) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex(2) Overseen by Trustee | Other Directorships(3) Held During Past 5 Years by Trustee |
Independent Trustees(4) |
Russell Emery 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1962 | Trustee | Indefinite. Since 2023 | Chief Compliance Officer, The SEI Mutual Funds (2006 to 2022); Chief Compliance Officer, Advisors’ Inner Circle Fund I, II, and III (2006 to 2022) | 2 | Trustee, Man Alternative Income Fund (1 portfolio) (2025 to present) |
Brian S. Ferrie 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1958 | Trustee | Indefinite. Since 2023 | Chief Compliance Officer, Treasurer, The Jensen Quality Growth Fund (2004 to 2020); Treasurer, Jensen Investment Management (2003 to 2020) | 2 | Trustee, Trust for Advised Portfolios (1 portfolio) (2020 to present) |
Wan-Chong Kung 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1960 | Trustee | Indefinite. Since 2023 | Senior Fund Manager, Nuveen Asset Management (FAF Advisors/First American Funds) (2011 to 2019) | 2 | Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (2022 to present); Trustee, Securian Funds Trust (12 portfolios) (2022 to present); Trustee, Trust for Advised Portfolios (1 portfolio) (2020 to present) |
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| Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held with Trust | Term of Office(1) and Length of Time Served | Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
| Officers | | | |
Russell B. Simon 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1980 | President and Principal Executive Officer | Indefinite. Since 2023 | Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2011 to present) |
Christopher E. Kashmerick 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1974 | Vice President | Indefinite. Since 2025 | Senior Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2011 to present) |
J.J. Richie 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1973 | Chief Compliance Officer and AML Officer | Indefinite. Since 2026 | Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (since December 2025); Chief Compliance Officer, Ivy Investment Management Company (2015 to 2022) |
Eric T. McCormick 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1971 | Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer | Indefinite. Since 2023 | Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (2005 to present) |
Ryan M. Charles 615 E. Michigan Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 Year of birth: 1978 | Secretary | Indefinite. Since 2023 | Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (May 2021 to present); General Counsel, Davis Selected Advisers, L.P. (2014 to May 2021) |
(1)Each Trustee serves an indefinite term; however, under the terms of the Board’s retirement policy, a Trustee shall retire at the end of the calendar year in which he or she reaches the age of 75. A retiring Trustee may request annually, for no more than three consecutive years, that the Board extend such Trustee’s term for an additional year.
(2)The Trust is comprised of numerous series managed by unaffiliated investment advisers. The term “Fund Complex” applies to the Fund and the Bramshill Income Performance Fund. The Fund does not hold itself out as related to any other series within the Trust for purposes of investment and investor services, nor does it share the same investment adviser with any other series of the Trust.
(3)“Other Directorships Held” includes only directorships of companies required to register or file reports with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (that is, “public companies”), or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.
(4)The Trustees of the Trust who are not “interested persons” of the Trust as defined under the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”).
Additional Information Concerning Our Board of Trustees
Board Leadership Structure. The Board has general oversight responsibility with respect to the operation of the Trust and the Fund. The Board has engaged the Advisor to manage the Fund and is responsible for overseeing the Advisor and other service providers to the Trust and the Fund in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act and other applicable laws. The Board has established an Audit Committee to assist the Board in performing its oversight responsibilities.
The Trust’s Board is composed entirely of independent trustees and does not have a lead independent trustee. The Trust has determined that its leadership structure is appropriate in light of, among other factors, the asset size and nature of the Trust, the arrangements for the conduct of the Trust’s operations, the number of Trustees, and the responsibilities of the Board.
Board Oversight of Risk Management. Through its direct oversight role, and indirectly through the Audit Committee and officers of the Trust and service providers, the Board performs a risk oversight function for the Fund. To effectively perform its risk oversight function, the Board, among other things, performs the following activities: receives and reviews reports related to the performance and operations of the Fund; reviews and approves, as applicable, the compliance policies and procedures of the Fund; approves the Fund’s principal investment policies; adopts policies and procedures designed to deter market timing; meets with representatives of various service providers, including the Advisor, to review and discuss the activities of the Fund and to provide
direction with respect thereto; and appoints a chief compliance officer of the Fund who oversees the implementation and testing of the Fund’s compliance program and reports to the Board regarding compliance matters for the Fund and its service providers.
Not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified nor can controls be developed to eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects. It may not be practical or cost effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, the processes and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness, and some risks are simply beyond the reasonable control of the Advisor or other service providers. Moreover, it is necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Fund’s ability to manage risk is subject to substantial limitations.
As part of its oversight function, the Board receives and reviews various risk management reports and assessments and discusses these matters with appropriate management and other personnel. Because risk management is a broad concept comprised of many elements (such as, for example, investment risk, issuer and counterparty risk, compliance risk, operational risks, business continuity risks, etc.) the oversight of different types of risks is handled in different ways. For example, the Board meets regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer to discuss compliance and operational risks and the Audit Committee meets with the Treasurer and the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm to discuss, among other things, the internal control structure of the Trust’s financial reporting function. The Board also receives reports from the Advisor and portfolio managers as to investment risks as well as other risks.
Trust Committees. The Trust has two standing committees: the Audit Committee, which also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee (“QLCC”), and the Governance and Nominating Committee (the “Nominating Committee”).
The Audit Committee, comprised entirely of the Independent Trustees, is chaired by Mr. Ferrie. The primary functions of the Audit Committee are to select the independent registered public accounting firm to be retained to perform the annual audit of the Fund, to review the results of the audit, to review the Fund’s internal controls, to approve in advance all permissible non-audit services performed by the independent auditors and to review certain other matters relating to the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and financial records. In its role as the QLCC, the committee’s function is to receive reports from an attorney retained by the Trust of evidence of a material violation by the Trust or by any officer, director, employee or agent of the Trust.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, the Audit Committee met twice in regard to the Fund.
The Nominating Committee, comprised entirely of the Independent Trustees, is chaired by Ms. Kung, and is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for Trustees and meets only as necessary. The Nominating Committee will consider nominees nominated by shareholders. Recommendations by shareholders for consideration by the Nominating Committee should be sent to the President of the Trust in writing together with the appropriate biographical information concerning each such proposed Nominee, and such recommendation must comply with the notice provisions set forth in the Trust By-Laws. In general, to comply with such procedures, such nominations, together with all required biographical information, must be delivered to and received by the President of the Trust at the principal executive offices of the Trust not later than 120 days and no more than 150 days prior to the shareholder meeting at which any such nominee would be voted on.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, the Nominating Committee did not meet in regard to the Fund.
The Board has designated the Advisor to perform fair value determinations (the “Valuation Designee”). The Valuation Designee is subject to Board oversight and certain reporting and other requirements designed to facilitate the Board’s ability to effectively oversee the Valuation Designee’s fair value determinations.
Information about Each Trustee’s Qualification, Experience, Attributes or Skills
In addition to the information provided in the table above, below is certain additional information concerning each particular Trustee and certain of their trustee attributes. The information provided below, and in the table above, is not all-inclusive. Many trustee attributes involve intangible elements, such as intelligence, integrity, work ethic, the ability to work together, the ability to communicate effectively, the ability to exercise judgment, the ability to
ask incisive questions, and commitment to shareholder interests. In conducting its annual self-assessment, the Board has determined that the Trustees have the appropriate attributes and experience to continue to serve effectively as Trustees of the Trust.
Russell Emery’s experience in compliance, accounting, investment management and corporate finance gives him an extensive understanding of regulatory requirements, accounting requirements, investment operations and governance requirements of operating mutual funds and series trusts. He brings a unique perspective to the Board from having over 16 years of experience serving as the Chief Compliance Officer to several investment companies operating as series trusts.
Brian S. Ferrie’s experience in accounting, finance, and compliance in the mutual fund industry gives him a strong understanding of the regulatory requirements of operating a mutual fund. He also understands the complex nature of the accounting and financial requirements, both from a regulatory and operational perspective, of managing a mutual fund. Mr. Ferrie’s background and experience provide a unique perspective to the Board.
Wan-Chong Kung’s experience managing fixed income mutual funds, with specific experience in commodities provides a diverse point-of-view for the Board. Ms. Kung also has unique experience in education as she advised student-managed bond and equity funds.
Each of the Trustees takes a conservative and thoughtful approach to addressing issues facing the Fund. The combination of skills and attributes discussed above led to the conclusion that each of Messrs. Emery and Ferrie, and Ms. Kung should serve as a Trustee.
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares and Other Interests
No Trustee owned shares of the Fund as of the end of the most recently completed calendar year.
As of the date of this SAI, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, own securities beneficially or of record in the Advisor, the distributor (defined below), or an affiliate of the Advisor, or distributor. Accordingly, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate family, have direct or indirect interest, the value of which exceeds $120,000, in the Advisor, the distributor or any of their affiliates. In addition, during the two most recently completed calendar years, neither the Independent Trustees nor members of their immediate families have conducted any transactions (or series of transactions) in which the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and to which the Advisor, the distributor or any affiliate thereof was a party.
Compensation
Set forth below is the estimated compensation to be received by the Independent Trustees from the Fund for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026. Effective January 1, 2026, for their services to the Trust, the Independent Trustees each receive an annual retainer of $92,000, a $2,000 per regular meeting fee, and a $2,000 special meeting fee. In addition, the Audit Committee chair receives a $4,000 annual fee and the Nominating and Governance Committee chair receives a $2,000 annual fee. The Independent Trustees also receive reimbursement for expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan for the Independent Trustees.
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| Aggregate Compensation from the Fund | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses | Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation from Fund Complex Paid to Trustees (1) |
| Independent Trustees | | | | |
| Brian S. Ferrie | $3,734 | None | None | $9,018 |
| Russell Emery | $3,576 | None | None | $8,639 |
| Wan-Chong Kung | $3,655 | None | None | $8,828 |
(1)There are currently multiple portfolios comprising the Trust. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Fund and the Bramshill Income Performance Fund.
CODES OF ETHICS
The Trust and the Advisor have each adopted separate Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These Codes permit, subject to certain conditions, access persons of the Trust and the Advisor to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The Distributor relies on the principal underwriter exception under Rule 17j-1(c)(3), of the 1940 Act, specifically where the Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust or the Advisor, and no officer, director or general partner of the Distributor serves as an officer, director or general partner of the Trust or the Advisor.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the “Policies”) on behalf of the Trust which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Advisor, subject to the Board’s continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Advisor vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Policies also require the Advisor to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisor’s Policies and a record of each proxy voted by the Advisor on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Advisor as involving a conflict of interest.
The Trust is required to file a Form N-PX, with the Fund’s complete proxy voting record for the 12 months ended June 30, no later than August 31 of each year. When available, the Fund’s proxy voting record will be available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718 and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Advisor Proxy Voting Policy
In the event that the Advisor is presented with an opportunity to vote a proxy, the Advisor’s general policy is to vote in accordance with the best interest of the Fund. The Advisor believes company management generally is best suited to make the decisions that are essential to the ongoing operation of the company. Therefore, the Advisor will generally vote proxies in line with company management. However, under circumstances when the Advisor believes that company management’s proposal will not maximize value for the Fund, the Advisor will vote against company management. In such cases, the reason for the decision, along with a record of the vote, will be retained by the Advisor’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”).
Occasions may arise in which the Advisor is required to vote a proxy while having a conflict of interest with the Fund. To protect the Fund against a breach of the firm’s duties to them, on any occasion when a proxy vote presents a conflict of interest, the CCO will present any purported conflict of interest to the investment committee for consultation on the matter and conduct a conflict analysis accordingly. The CCO shall document the matter and preserve such documentation in accordance with the Advisor’s Record Retention Policy.
All supervised persons are responsible for bringing all proxies to the attention of the CCO. The CCO is responsible for aggregating proxy voting data and, as relevant for the regulated investment company clients, facilitating the filing of Form N-PX.
CONTROL PERSONS, PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS, AND MANAGEMENT OWNERSHIP
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledges the existence of control. If the control person is a company, the jurisdiction under the laws of which it is organized is listed. Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of voting or the direction of management of the Fund.
As of July 1, 2026, the following persons owned beneficially or of record more than 5% of the outstanding Institutional Class shares of the Fund:
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| Name and Address | % Ownership | Type of Ownership |
MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY LLC FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF ITS CUSTOMERS 1 NEW YORK PLZ, FL 7 NEW YORK, NY 10004-1913 | 99.85% | Record |
As of July 1, 2026, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group did not own any shares of the Fund.
THE FUND’S INVESTMENT ADVISER
Bramshill Investments, LLC, located at 801 Laurel Oak Drive, Suite 300A, Naples, Florida 34108, acts as investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust. Arthur DeGaetano and Stephen Selver each own more than 25% of the Advisor and each is, therefore, a control person of the Advisor.
The Advisor is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. The Advisor also furnishes the Fund with office space and certain administrative services and provides most of the personnel needed to fulfill its obligations under its advisory agreement. The Fund does not pay the Advisor a management fee. Instead, investors in the Fund will be charged management fees by the Advisor and persons other than the Advisor as described below.
After its initial two year term, the Advisory Agreement continues in effect for successive annual periods so long as such continuation is specifically approved at least annually by the vote of (1) the Board (or a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund), and (2) a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of any party to the Advisory Agreement, in each case, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by either party to the Advisory Agreement upon a 60-day written notice and is automatically terminated in the event of its “assignment,” as defined in the 1940 Act. A discussion regarding the basis of the Board’s approval of the investment advisory agreement will be available in the Fund’s first semi-annual report to shareholders.
The Advisor receives an account-level investment management fee from its investment advisory clients (as stated in clients’ investment management agreements) calculated as a percentage of client assets, which includes assets invested in the Fund. Retail and institutional separately managed account/wrap clients will pay a fee to the sponsor. The Advisor will receive a fee from the sponsor or separately managed account/wrap clients in connection with the Advisor’s management of client accounts and participation in investment programs through which shares of the Fund are made available. Investors should read carefully the “wrap-fee” brochure for these programs provided by the sponsor. The brochure is required to include information about the fees charged by the sponsor and the fees paid by the sponsor to the Advisor. Investors pay no additional fees or expenses to purchase shares of the Fund.
The Advisor has contractually agreed to not charge a management fee and to reimburse all expenses of the Fund, except certain expenses, indefinitely. Excluded expenses include (i) interest, taxes, dividends tied to short sales; (ii) the Fund’s pro rata share of the fees and expenses incurred indirectly by the Fund as a result of investing in other investment companies (i.e., acquired fund fees and expenses); (iii) other expenses attributable to, and incurred as a result of, the Fund’s investments; (iv) extraordinary expenses (including litigation expenses) not
incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business, if any; and (v) other expenses listed in the expense limitation agreement, which may only be terminated by the Advisor with the consent of the Board. If certain conditions are met, the Advisor may recoup reimbursed expenses in accordance with the agreement.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Art DeGaetano and Derek Pines are the Senior Portfolio Managers jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio. The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and the total assets in the accounts managed within various categories as of the date indicated.
Art DeGaetano as of March 31, 2026
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Type of Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Millions) | Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee based on Performance | Total Assets (in Millions) |
| Registered Investment Companies | 5 | $3.3 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Pooled Investments | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Accounts | 2,607 | $4.6 | 0 | $0 |
Derek Pines as of March 31, 2026
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Type of Accounts | Number of Accounts | Total Assets (in Millions) | Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee based on Performance | Total Assets (in Millions) |
| Registered Investment Companies | 3 | $2.9 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Pooled Investments | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Other Accounts | 2,601 | $4.6 | 0 | $0 |
Material Conflicts of Interest.
The Advisor and its affiliates may manage the accounts of clients other than the Fund. Accordingly, the investment methods and strategies that the Advisor utilizes in managing the Fund may be utilized by the Advisor and its affiliates in managing investments for other customer accounts. The Advisor and its affiliates may also establish, sponsor, or be affiliated with other investment pools that may engage in the same or similar businesses as the Fund using the same or similar investment strategies.
Although the Advisor and its affiliates may manage investments on behalf of a number of other customer accounts, investment decisions and allocations are not necessarily made in parallel among the Fund’s accounts and the other customer accounts. Other accounts that may be managed by the Advisor and its affiliates may make investments and utilize investment strategies that may not be made or utilized by the Fund. Accordingly, the other accounts that may be managed by the Advisor and its affiliates may produce results that are materially different from those experienced by the Fund.
To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, the Advisor has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of its clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis. Such policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, investment and trade aggregation and allocation policies and oversight by the Advisor’s compliance team. In addition, the Advisor will mitigate the
associated conflicts by allocating buys and sells on a pro rata basis to the extent feasible or using another equitable method under the circumstances.
Compensation
Compensation at Bramshill is determined on a salary and discretionary bonus structure. Portfolio managers are not compensated based on the performance of the Fund. The discretionary bonuses of the portfolio managers are determined by the management committee of the Advisor based on the performance of the employee, the performance of the Advisor and the market environment.
Securities Owned in the Fund by the Portfolio Managers
The Fund is required to show the dollar ranges of each portfolio manager’s “beneficial ownership” of shares of the Fund as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year or a more recent date for a new portfolio manager. Dollar amount ranges disclosed are established by the SEC. “Beneficial ownership” is determined in accordance with Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act.
The table below identifies ownership of the equity securities of the Fund by the portfolio managers as of March 31, 2026:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Portfolio Manager | | Dollar Range of Ownership of Securities |
| Art DeGaetano | | $50,001 - $100,000 |
| Derek Pines | | $50,001 - $100,000 |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Fund Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant
Pursuant to a fund servicing agreement, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S Bank Global Fund Services (“Global Fund Services”), 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, acts as the administrator, transfer agent, and fund accountant to the Fund. Global Fund Services provides certain services to the Fund including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Fund’s independent contractors and agents; preparation for signature by an officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for compliance by the Trust and the Fund with applicable laws and regulations, excluding those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including NAV per share and yield; responding to shareholder inquiries; arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund; and providing, at its own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity, Global Fund Services does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares.
Pursuant to the fund servicing agreement, Global Fund Services receives a fee for its services to the Fund as part of a bundled-fee agreement for services performed as administrator and fund accountant and separately as the transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent (the “Transfer Agent”). Additionally, Global Fund Services provides chief compliance officer services to the Trust under a separate agreement. The cost for the chief compliance officer services is charged to the Fund and approved by the Board annually.
The Fund paid the following administration fees to Global Fund Services for the fiscal year shown below:
| | | | | | | | |
| Administration Fees |
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 | $100,959 |
Custodian
Pursuant to a Custody Agreement between the Trust and U.S. Bank National Association, located at 1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 (the “Custodian”), the Custodian serves as the custodian of the Fund’s assets, holds the Fund’s portfolio securities in safekeeping, and keeps all necessary
records and documents relating to its duties. The Custodian is compensated with an asset-based fee plus transaction fees and is reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses.
The Custodian and Administrator do not participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund. The Administrator, Transfer Agent, and Custodian are affiliated entities under the common control of U.S. Bancorp. The Custodian and its affiliates may participate in revenue sharing arrangements with the service providers of mutual funds in which the Fund may invest.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Cohen & Company, Ltd., 1835 Market Street, Suite 310, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, serves as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. Its services include auditing the Trust’s financial statements. Cohen & Co Advisory, LLC, an affiliate of Cohen & Company, Ltd., provides tax services as requested.
Legal Counsel
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20004, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.
SECURITIES LENDING ACTIVITIES
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has entered into a securities lending agreement with U.S. Bank National Association (the “Securities Lending Agent”) to provide certain services related to the Fund’s securities lending program. Pursuant to the securities lending agreement, the Securities Lending Agent, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to enter into securities loan agreements, negotiate loan fees and rebate payments, collect loan fees, deliver securities, manage and hold collateral, invest cash collateral, receive substitute payments, make interest and dividend payments (in cases where a borrower has provided non-cash collateral), and upon termination of a loan, liquidate collateral investments and return collateral to the borrower.
The dollar amounts of income and fees and compensation paid to all service providers (including fees paid to U.S. Bank National Association as securities lending agent), related to the Fund’s securities lending activities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 were as follows:
| | | | | |
| Gross income from securities lending activities | $24,511 |
Fees and/or compensation for securities lending activities and related services | |
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split | ($876) |
| Fees paid for any cash collateral management service that are not included in the revenue split | ($916) |
Administrative fees that are not included in revenue split | $0 |
Indemnification fees that are not included in revenue split | $0 |
Rebates (paid to borrower) | ($19,229) |
Other fees that are not included in revenue split | $0 |
| Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities | ($21,021) |
| Net income from securities lending activities | $3,490 |
EXECUTION OF PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor determines which securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers are eligible to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. Purchases and sales of securities in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market will generally be executed directly with a “market-maker” unless, in the opinion of the Advisor, a better price and execution can otherwise be obtained by using a broker for the transaction.
Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions will be effected through dealers (including banks) which specialize in the types of securities which the Fund will be holding, unless better executions are available elsewhere. Dealers and
underwriters usually act as principal for their own accounts. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price offered by more than one dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be allocated to a dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other services as discussed below.
In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor will seek best execution. The full range and quality of services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities of the firm involved, the firm’s risk in positioning a block of securities and other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more than one broker-dealer can offer the services needed to obtain the most favorable price and execution available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers which furnish or supply research and statistical information to the Advisor that it may lawfully and appropriately use in its investment advisory capacities, as well as provide other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor considers such information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by it under its Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying degrees, but of indeterminable value. Portfolio transactions may be placed with broker-dealers who sell shares of the Fund subject to rules adopted by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) and the SEC.
While it is the Advisor’s general policy to first seek to obtain the most favorable price and execution available in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund, in accordance with Section 28(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, when it is determined that more than one broker can deliver best execution, weight is also given to the ability of a broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services to the Fund or to the Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and may be useful to the Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith by the Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such broker-dealer.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other client accounts or mutual funds managed or advised by the Advisor. Nevertheless, it is possible that at times identical securities will be acceptable for both the Fund and one or more of such client accounts or mutual funds. In such event, the position of the Fund and such client account(s) or mutual funds in the same issuer may vary and the length of time that each may choose to hold its investment in the same issuer may likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts or mutual funds seek to acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able to acquire as large a portion of such security as it desires, or it may have to pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of, an order to sell any particular security at the same time. If one or more of such client accounts or mutual funds simultaneously purchases or sells the same security that the Fund is purchasing or selling, each day’s transactions in such security will be allocated between the Fund and all such client accounts or mutual funds in a manner deemed equitable by the Advisor, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of cash available for investment, the investment objective of the account, and the ease with which a client’s appropriate amount can be bought, as well as the liquidity and volatility of the account and the urgency involved in making an investment decision for the client. It is recognized that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or value of the security insofar as the Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, it is believed that the ability of the Fund to participate in volume transactions may produce better executions for the Fund.
For the fiscal years shown below, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
| | | | | | | | |
| Brokerage Commissions |
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 | $182,846 |
As of March 31, 2026, the Fund had not paid brokerage commissions to any registered broker-dealer affiliates of the Fund or the Advisor.
As of March 31, 2026, the Fund has not paid commissions on brokerage transactions directed to brokers pursuant to an agreement or understanding whereby the broker provides research or other brokerage services to the Advisor.
If applicable, the Fund is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers and dealers” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act), which it may hold at the close of its most recent fiscal year. “Regular brokers or dealers” of the Trust are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year: (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Trust’s portfolio transactions; (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of portfolio transactions of the Trust; or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Trust’s shares.
As of March 31, 2026, the Fund did not hold any equity securities of its regular broker-dealers or their parent companies.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund’s liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
With respect to the Fund, the Trust may offer more than one class of shares. The Trust reserves the right to create and issue additional series or classes. Each share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate interest in that series or class with each other share of that series or class. The Trust and the Board further reserve the right to convert the Fund to an exchange traded fund if the Board were to determine that doing so would be in the best interest of the Fund and the Fund’s shareholders.
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders but will hold special meetings of shareholders of a series or class when, in the judgment of the Trustees, it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote. Shareholders have, under certain circumstances, the right to communicate with other shareholders in connection with requesting a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of removing one or more Trustees. Shareholders also have, in certain circumstances, the right to remove one or more Trustees without a meeting. No material amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each portfolio affected by the amendment. The Declaration of Trust provides that, at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust or of any series or class, a Shareholder Servicing Agent may vote any shares as to which such Shareholder Servicing Agent is the agent of record and which are not represented in person or by proxy at the meeting, proportionately in accordance with the votes cast by holders of all shares of that portfolio otherwise represented at the meeting in person or by proxy as to which such Shareholder Servicing Agent is the agent of record. Any shares so voted by a Shareholder Servicing Agent will be deemed represented at the meeting for purposes of quorum requirements. Any series or class may be terminated (i) upon the merger or consolidation with, or the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of its assets to, another entity, if approved by the vote of the holders of two thirds of its outstanding shares, except that if the Board recommends such merger, consolidation or sale or disposition of assets, the approval by vote of the holders of a majority of the series’ or class’ outstanding shares will be sufficient, or (ii) by the vote of the holders of a majority of its outstanding shares, or (iii) by the Board by written notice to the series’ or class’ shareholders. Unless each series and class is so terminated, the Trust will continue indefinitely.
The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents covering possible tort and other liabilities. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations.
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by such certificates.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a “majority” (as defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
DETERMINATION OF SHARE PRICE
The NAV of the Fund is determined as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time), each day the NYSE is open for trading. However, the Fund’s NAV may be calculated earlier if trading on the NYSE is restricted or as permitted by the SEC. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. It is expected that the NYSE will not be open for trading on the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday/Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV will not be calculated on days when the NYSE is closed for trading.
NAV is calculated by adding the value of all securities and other assets attributable to the Fund (including interest and dividends accrued, but not yet received), then subtracting liabilities attributable to the Fund (including accrued expenses).
Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ Global Market® for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ® Official Closing Price (“NOCP”). If the NOCP is not available, such securities shall be valued at the last sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at the mean between the bid and asked prices. OTC securities which are not traded in the NASDAQ Global Market® shall be valued at the most recent sales price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value in good faith in accordance with the Advisor’s pricing procedures, subject to oversight by the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60 days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above.
The Fund’s securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the primary market.
In the case of foreign securities, the occurrence of certain events after the close of foreign markets, but prior to the time the Fund’s NAV is calculated (such as a significant surge or decline in the U.S. or other markets) often will result in an adjustment to the trading prices of foreign securities when foreign markets open on the following business day. If such events occur, the Fund will value foreign securities at fair value, taking into account such events, in calculating the NAV. In such cases, use of fair valuation can reduce an investor’s ability to seek to profit by estimating the Fund’s NAV in advance of the time the NAV is calculated. The Advisor anticipates that the Fund’s portfolio holdings will be fair valued only if market quotations for those holdings are considered unreliable or are unavailable.
An option that is written or purchased by the Fund shall be valued using composite pricing via the National Best Bid and Offer quotes. Composite pricing looks at the last trade on the exchange where the option is traded. If there are no trades for an option on a given business day, as of closing, the Fund will value the option at the mean
of the highest bid price and lowest ask price across the exchanges where the option is traded. For options where market quotations are not readily available, fair value shall be determined by the Advisor, subject to oversight by the Board.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Advisor in good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value in accordance with the Advisor’s pricing procedures, subject to oversight by the Board.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAX INFORMATION
Distributions
Dividends from net investment income are generally paid monthly, and distributions from capital gains are made annually. The Fund may make additional payment of dividends or distributions of capital gains if it deems it necessary for federal income tax purposes.
Each distribution by the Fund is accompanied by a brief explanation of the form and character of the distribution. In January of each year, the Fund will issue to each shareholder a statement of the amount and federal income tax status of all distributions.
Tax Information
The following is only a summary of certain additional U.S. federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that is intended to supplement the discussion contained in the Fund’s prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Fund’s prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
The Fund’s shares held in a tax-qualified retirement account will generally not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distributions from the Fund until a shareholder begins receiving payments from their retirement account. Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, shareholders should consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations, including their state, local, and foreign tax liabilities.
The following general discussion of certain federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.
Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company. The Fund has elected, and intends to qualify each year, to be treated as a regulated investment company (a “RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund’s assets is represented by cash, securities of other RICs, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund’s assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, in the securities (other than the securities of other RICs) of any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships.”
As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it timely distributes to its shareholders, provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution
requirement. To satisfy the minimum distribution requirement, the Fund must distribute to its shareholders at least the sum of (i) 90% of its “investment company taxable income” (i.e., generally, its taxable income other than its net capital gain, computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction, plus or minus certain other adjustments), and (ii) 90% of its net tax-exempt income for the taxable year. The Fund will be subject to income tax at the regular corporate tax rate on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. The Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and any net realized long-term capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes. However, the Fund can give no assurances that distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
If, for any taxable year, the Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC under the Code or were to fail to meet the distribution requirement, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation at the regular corporate tax rate (currently 21%) and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, the Fund’s distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, including any distributions of net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividend income for federal income tax purposes. However, such dividends would be eligible, subject to any generally applicable limitations, (i) to be treated as QDI in the case of non-corporate shareholders and (ii) for the DRD in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if the Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC in any year, it would be required to pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a RIC. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may cure a failure to qualify as a RIC, but in order to do so the Fund may incur significant Fund-level taxes and may be forced to dispose of certain assets. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund would generally be required to recognize, and would generally be subject to a corporate level tax with respect to, any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year.
The Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”) and certain other late-year losses.
If the Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) for a taxable year, the excess of the Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year. Those net capital losses can be carried forward indefinitely to offset capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss.
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund has not yet commenced operations, and therefore the Fund had no capital loss carryforwards.
Federal Excise Tax. The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of the calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) 98.2% of its capital gain net income (the excess of short- and long-term capital gains over short- and long-term capital losses) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year, and (iii) any retained amount from the prior calendar year on which the Fund or shareholders paid no federal income tax. The Fund intends to make sufficient distributions to avoid liability for federal excise tax but can make no assurances that such tax will be completely eliminated. For example, the Fund may receive delayed or corrected tax reporting statements from its investments that cause the Fund to accrue additional income and gains after the Fund has already made its excise
tax distributions for the year. In such a situation, the Fund may incur an excise tax liability resulting from such delayed receipt of such tax information statements.
Distributions to Shareholders. The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on investments. This income, plus net short-term capital gains, if any, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund’s net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. Net realized capital gains for a fiscal period are computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Fund. Taxable dividends and distributions are subject to tax whether you receive them in cash or in additional shares.
Distributions of net investment income, including distributions of net short-term capital gains are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions from the Fund’s net capital gain (i.e., the excess of the Fund’s net long-term capital gains over its net short-term capital losses) are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains regardless of the length of time shares have been held. In general, to the extent that the Fund receives QDI, the Fund may report a portion of the dividends it pays as QDI, which for non-corporate shareholders is subject to U.S. federal income tax rates of up to 20%. QDI is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (i.e., foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, and foreign corporations if the stock with respect to which the dividend was paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income to the extent that (i) the shareholder has not held the shares on which the dividend was paid for more than 60 days during the 121-day period that begins on the date that is 60 days before the date on which the shares become “ex-dividend” with respect to such dividend, (ii) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to substantially similar or related property, or (iii) the shareholder elects to treat such dividend as investment income under section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Code. The holding period requirements described in this paragraph apply to shareholders’ investments in the Fund and to the Fund’s investments in underlying dividend-paying stocks. Distributions received by the Fund from another RIC will be treated as QDI only to the extent so reported by such other RIC. If 95% or more of the Fund’s gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of QDI, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as QDI. Because a significant portion of the Fund’s income is derived from interest rather than dividends, it is generally expected that only a portion of its distributions will be treated as QDI.
The Fund will only be eligible to pass through to shareholders the tax-exempt character of its income from debt obligations that generate interest exempt from U.S. Federal income tax if at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable years consists of such debt obligations. It is not anticipated that the Fund will be eligible to distribute exempt-interest dividends to shareholders.
Dividends paid by the Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations may qualify for the DRD for corporate shareholders of the Fund. Because a significant portion of the Fund’s income is derived from interest rather than dividends, it is generally expected that only a portion of its distributions will be eligible for the DRD.
To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute QDI to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the DRD for corporate shareholders.
If the Fund’s distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions may be treated as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution generally will not be taxable but will reduce each shareholder’s tax basis, resulting in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when the shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder’s tax basis in the shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder’s shares.
Each shareholder who receives taxable distributions in the form of additional shares will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the amount of money that the
shareholder would have received if he or she had instead elected to receive cash distributions. The shareholder’s aggregate tax basis in shares of the Fund will be increased by such amount.
A dividend or distribution received shortly after the purchase of shares reduces the net asset value of the shares by the amount of the dividend or distribution and, although in effect a return of capital, will be taxable to the shareholder. If the net asset value of shares were reduced below the shareholder’s cost by dividends or distributions representing gains realized on sales of securities, such dividends or distributions would be a return of investment though taxable to the shareholder in the same manner as other dividends or distributions. This is known as “buying a dividend” and generally should be avoided by taxable investors.
A dividend or other distribution by the Fund is generally treated under the Code as received by the shareholders at the time the dividend or distribution is made. However, distributions declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in such a month and paid the following January are taxable as if received on December 31. Under this rule, therefore, a shareholder may be taxed in one year on dividends or distributions actually received in January of the following year.
A RIC that receives business interest income may pass through its net business interest income for purposes of the tax rules applicable to the interest expense limitations under section 163(j) of the Code. A RIC’s total “Section 163(j) Interest Dividend” for a tax year is limited to the excess of the RIC’s business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and its other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. A RIC may, in its discretion, designate all or a portion of ordinary dividends as Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, which would allow the recipient shareholder to treat the designated portion of such dividends as interest income for purposes of determining such shareholder’s interest expense deduction limitation under Section 163(j). This can potentially increase the amount of a shareholder’s interest expense deductible under Section 163(j). In general, to be eligible to treat a Section 163(j) Interest Dividend as interest income, you must have held your shares in the Fund for more than 180 days during the 361-day period beginning on the date that is 180 days before the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend. Section 163(j) Interest Dividends, if so designated by the Fund, will be reported to your financial intermediary or otherwise in accordance with the requirements specified by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”).
The Fund (or its administrative agent) will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income dividends, QDI and capital gain distributions, if any, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. If you have not held your shares for a full year, the Fund may designate and distribute to you, as ordinary income, QDI or capital gain, a percentage of income that is not equal to the actual amount of such income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund.
Sales, Exchanges, or Redemptions. Any gain or loss recognized on a sale, exchange or redemption of shares of the Fund by a shareholder who holds its shares as a capital asset will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than twelve months and otherwise will be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains during such six month period. Any loss realized upon a redemption may be disallowed under certain wash sale rules to the extent shares of the Fund are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the redemption.
A 3.8% tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a “surviving spouse” for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, dividends, interest and certain capital gains (among other categories of income) are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder’s net investment income.
The Fund will be required to report to the IRS all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares, except in the case of exempt shareholders, which includes most
corporations. The Fund will also be required to report tax basis information for such shares and indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. If a shareholder has a different basis for different shares of the Fund in the same account (e.g., if a shareholder purchased shares in the same account at different times for different prices), the Fund will calculate the basis of the shares sold using its default method unless the shareholder has properly elected to use a different method. The Fund’s default method for calculating basis will be the average cost basis method, under which the basis per share is reported as the average of the bases of all of the shareholder’s Fund shares in the account. A shareholder may elect, on an account-by-account basis, to use a method other than the average cost basis method by following procedures established by the Fund or its administrative agent. If such an election is made on or prior to the date of the first redemption of shares in the account and on or prior to the date that is one year after the shareholder receives notice of the Fund’s default method, the new election will generally apply as if the average cost basis method had never been in effect for such account. If such an election is not made on or prior to such dates, the shares in the account at the time of the election will retain their averaged bases. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers concerning the tax consequences of applying the average cost basis method or electing another method of basis calculation.
Tax Treatment of Complex Securities. The Fund may invest in complex securities and these investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC, affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Fund and/or defer the Fund’s ability to recognize losses, and, in limited cases, subject the Fund to U.S. federal income tax on income from certain of its foreign securities. In turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to you by the Fund and may require the Fund to sell securities to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC at a time when the Advisor might not otherwise have chosen to do so.
With respect to investments in STRIPS, Treasury Receipts, and other zero coupon securities which are sold at original issue discount and thus do not make periodic cash interest payments, the Fund will be required to include as part of its current income the imputed interest on such obligations even though the Fund has not received any interest payments on such obligations during that period. Because the Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income to its shareholders, the Fund may have to sell Fund securities to distribute such imputed income which may occur at a time when the Advisor would not have chosen to sell such securities and which may result in taxable gain or loss.
Any market discount recognized on a bond is taxable as ordinary income. A market discount bond is a bond acquired in the secondary market at a price below redemption value or adjusted issue price if issued with original issue discount. Absent an election by the Fund to include the market discount in income as it accrues, gain on the Fund’s disposition of such an obligation will be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain to the extent of the accrued market discount.
The Fund may invest in, or hold, debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or that are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or that are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or are in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless securities, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and interest and whether certain exchanges of debt obligations in a workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund, in the event it invests in or holds such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
The Fund is required for federal income tax purposes to mark-to-market and recognize as income for each taxable year its net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures and options contracts subject to section 1256 of the Code (“Section 1256 Contracts”) as of the end of the year as well as those actually realized during the year. Gain or loss from Section 1256 Contracts on broad-based indexes required to be marked to market will be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Application of this rule may alter the timing and character of distributions to shareholders. The Fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on Section 1256
Contracts to the extent of any unrecognized gains on offsetting positions held by the Fund. These provisions may also require the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for qualification as a RIC and for avoiding the excise tax discussed above. Accordingly, in order to avoid certain income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to liquidate its investments at a time when the Advisor might not otherwise have chosen to do so.
The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies and forward foreign currency contracts will generally be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for qualification as a RIC and for avoiding the excise tax described above. The Fund intends to monitor its transactions, intends to make the appropriate tax elections, and intends to make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any foreign currency or forward foreign currency contract in order to mitigate the effect of these rules so as to prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC and minimize the imposition of income and excise taxes.
Additionally, the Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations that would exclude foreign currency gains from the qualifying income test for qualification as a RIC described above if such gains are not directly related to the Fund’s business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or securities). Accordingly, regulations may be issued in the future that could treat some or all of the Fund’s non-U.S. currency gains as non-qualifying income, thereby potentially jeopardizing the Fund’s status as a RIC for all years to which the regulations are applicable.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases.
Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund’s shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder, or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, in any single year (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. A shareholder who fails to make the required disclosure to the IRS may be subject to substantial penalties. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Backup Withholding. Pursuant to the backup withholding provisions of the Code, distributions of any taxable income and capital gains and proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares may be subject to withholding at the current rate of 24% in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the Fund with their taxpayer identification numbers or with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law, or if the IRS notifies the Fund that such backup withholding is required. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. Corporate and other exempt shareholders should provide the Fund with their taxpayer identification numbers or certify their exempt status in order to avoid possible erroneous application of backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s ultimate federal income tax liability if proper documentation is provided. The Fund reserves the right to refuse to open an account for any person failing to provide a certified taxpayer identification number.
The foregoing discussion of U.S. federal income tax law relates solely to the application of that law to U.S. citizens or residents and U.S. domestic corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates.
Non-U.S. Investors. Any non-U.S. investors in the Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from taxable ordinary income. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” or a “short-term capital gain dividend,” which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Short-term capital gain dividends received by a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year are not exempt from this 30% withholding tax. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from the Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.
Under legislation generally known as “FATCA” (the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act), the Fund is required to withhold 30% of certain ordinary dividends it pays to shareholders that fail to meet prescribed information reporting or certification requirements. In general, no such withholding will be required with respect to a U.S. person or non-U.S. person that timely provides the certifications required by the Fund or its agent on a valid IRS Form W-9 or applicable series of IRS Form W-8, respectively. Shareholders potentially subject to withholding include foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”), such as non-U.S. investment funds, and non-financial foreign entities (“NFFEs”). To avoid withholding under FATCA, an FFI generally must enter into an information sharing agreement with the IRS in which it agrees to report certain identifying information (including name, address, and taxpayer identification number) with respect to its U.S. account holders (which, in the case of an entity shareholder, may include its direct and indirect U.S. owners), and an NFFE generally must identify and provide other required information to the Fund or other withholding agent regarding its U.S. owners, if any. Such non-U.S. shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by regulations and other guidance. A non-U.S. shareholder resident or doing business in a country that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of the agreement. The Fund will not pay any additional amounts in respect to any amounts withheld.
A non-U.S. entity that invests in the Fund will need to provide the Fund with documentation properly certifying the entity’s status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. Non-U.S. investors in the Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k)s, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Tax-exempt entities are not permitted to offset losses from one trade or business against the income or gain of another trade or business. Certain net losses incurred prior to January 1, 2018 are permitted to offset gain and income created by an unrelated trade or business, if otherwise available. Under current law, the Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of an investment in the Fund where, for example: (i) the Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”), (ii) the Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (“TMP”) or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or (iii) shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special
rules and should consult their tax advisor. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding these issues.
This discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus have been prepared by Fund management. The information above is only a summary of some of the tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders. No attempt has been made to discuss individual tax consequences and this discussion should not be construed as applicable to all shareholders’ tax situations. Investors should consult their own tax advisors to determine the suitability of the Fund and the applicability of any federal, state, local or foreign taxation.
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
The Trust has entered into a distribution agreement with Quasar Distributors, LLC, a wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC, located at 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101 (“Quasar” or “Distributor”), pursuant to which the Distributor acts as the Fund’s distributor, provides certain administration services and promotes and arranges for the sale of Fund shares. The offering of the Fund’s shares is continuous. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and member of FINRA.
The distribution agreement has an initial term of up to two years and will continue in effect thereafter only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the distribution agreement or “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party. The distribution agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust, or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act).
MARKETING AND SUPPORT PAYMENTS
The Advisor, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or other compensation to certain financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. Such payments may be divided into categories as follows:
Support Payments. Payments may be made by the Advisor to certain financial intermediaries in connection with the eligibility of the Fund to be offered in certain programs and/or in connection with meetings between the Fund’s representatives and financial intermediaries and its sales representatives. Such meetings may be held for various purposes, including providing education and training about the Fund and other general financial topics to assist financial intermediaries’ sales representatives in making informed recommendations to, and decisions on behalf of, their clients.
Entertainment, Conferences and Events. The Advisor also may pay cash or non-cash compensation to sales representatives of financial intermediaries in the form of (i) occasional gifts; (ii) occasional meals, tickets or other entertainments; and/or (iii) sponsorship support for the financial intermediary’s client seminars and cooperative advertising. In addition, the Advisor pays for exhibit space or sponsorships at regional or national events of financial intermediaries.
The prospect of receiving, or the receipt of additional payments or other compensation as described above by financial intermediaries may provide such intermediaries and/or their salespersons with an incentive to favor sales of shares of the Fund, and other mutual funds whose affiliates make similar compensation available, over sale of shares of mutual funds (or non-mutual fund investments) not making such payments. You may wish to take such payment arrangements into account when considering and evaluating any recommendations relating to the Fund shares.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Fund’s annual report on Form N-CSR for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 is a separate document and the financial statements, accompanying notes and report of the independent registered public accounting firm appearing therein are incorporated by reference into this SAI. You can obtain the Fund’s financial statements without charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, upon written request, or request by telephone at 877-BRAMS18 or 877-272-6718.
Appendix A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Short-Term Credit Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s short-term issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Standard & Poor’s for short-term issues:
“A-1” – A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category and indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
“A-2” – A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
“A-3” – A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“B” – A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
“C” – A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“D” – A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks – Standard & Poor’s issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments.
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
“P-1” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“P-2” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
“P-3” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
“NP” – Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:
“F1” – Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
“F2” – Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
“F3” – Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
“B” – Securities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
“C” – Securities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
“RD” – Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
“D” – Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
The DBRS® Ratings Limited (“DBRS”) short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories “(high)”, “(middle)”, and “(low)”.
The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for commercial paper and short-term debt:
“R-1 (high)” - Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
“R-1 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from “R-1 (high)” by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
“R-1 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
“R-2 (high)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
“R-2 (middle)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.
“R-2 (low)” – Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.
“R-3” – Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.
“R-4” – Short-term debt rated “R-4” is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.
“R-5” – Short-term debt rated “R-5” is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.
“D” – Short-term debt rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
The following summarizes the ratings used by Standard & Poor’s for long-term issues:
“AAA” – An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
“AA” – An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
“A” – An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
“BBB” – An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” – Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
“BB” – An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“B” – An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“CCC” – An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
“CC” – An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred, but Standard & Poor’s expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
“C” – An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared to obligations that are rated higher.
“D” – An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.
Plus (+) or minus (-) – The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
“NR” – This indicates that no rating has been requested, or that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks - Standard & Poor’s issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.
Moody’s long-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default on
contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:
“Aaa” – Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
“Aa” – Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
“A” – Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
“Baa” – Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
“Ba” – Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
“B” – Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
“Caa” – Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
“Ca” – Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
“C” – Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:
“AAA” – Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
“AA” – Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
“A” – Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
“BBB” – Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
“BB” – Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
“B” – Securities considered to be highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
“CCC” – A “CCC” rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.
“CC” – A “CC” rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.
“C” – A “C” rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned “RD” or “D” ratings, but are instead rated in the “B” to “C” rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below “CCC”.
The DBRS long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and “(low)”. The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:
“AAA” - Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
“AA” – Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from “AAA” only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
“A” – Long-term debt rated “A” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than “AA.” May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
“BBB” – Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
“BB” – Long-term debt rated “BB” is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
“B” – Long-term debt rated “B” is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.
“CCC”, “CC” and “C” – Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although “CC” and “C” ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the “CCC” to “B” range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the “C” category.
“D” – A security rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.
Municipal Note Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poor’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poor’s analysis will review the following considerations:
h Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
h Source of payment - the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:
“SP-1” – A municipal note rated “SP-1” exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
“SP-2” – A municipal note rated “SP-2” exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
“SP-3” – A municipal note rated “SP-3” exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moody’s uses the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) scale to rate U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to three years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels – “MIG-1” through “MIG-3” while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated “SG”. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for short-term municipal obligations:
“MIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
“MIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
“MIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated obligation.
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG rating scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
“VMIG-1” – This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-2” – This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“VMIG-3” – This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“SG” – This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
“NR” – Is assigned to an unrated obligation.
About Credit Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects Standard & Poor’s view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Moody’s credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.
Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
DBRS credit ratings are opinions based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of information sourced and received by DBRS, which information is not audited or verified by DBRS. Ratings are not buy, hold or sell recommendations and they do not address the market price of a security. Ratings may be upgraded, downgraded, placed under review, confirmed and discontinued.
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
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| (a) | (i) | Certificate of Trust dated February 16, 2023 was previously filed with Advisor Managed Portfolios’ (the “Trust”) Registration Statement on Form N-1A on March 30, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (ii) | |
| (b) | Bylaws adopted February 16, 2023 were previously filed with the Trust's Registration Statement on Form N-1A on March 30, 2023 and are incorporated herein by reference. |
| (c) | |
| (d) | Investment Advisory Agreement dated November 6, 2023 between the Trust and Bramshill Investments, LLC (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on December 18, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (i) | Amendment to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated April 1, 2025 between the Trust and Bramshill Investments, LLC was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on April 1, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (e) | Distribution Agreement dated October 2, 2023 between the Trust and Quasar Distributors, LLC was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on July 26, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (i) | |
| (f) | Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts - not applicable. |
| (g) | Custody Agreement dated September 14, 2023 between the Trust and U.S. Bank National Association (the “Custody Agreement”) was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on December 12, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (i) | Amendment to the Custody Agreement dated September 14, 2023 between the Trust and U.S. Bank National Association was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on April 1, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (h) | Other Material Contracts |
| (i) | Fund Servicing Agreement dated September 14, 2023 between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC d/b/a U.S. Bank Global Fund Services was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on December 12, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| | (a) | Amendment to the Fund Servicing Agreement dated September 14, 2023 between the Trust and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services LLC was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on April 1, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (ii) | Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement dated April 1, 2025 between the Trust and Bramshill Investments, LLC was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on April 1, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| | (a) | |
| (iii) | Power of Attorney for Brian S. Ferrie, Russell Emery, Wan-Chong Kung, and Christopher E. Kashmerick dated January 25, 2024 was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on February 2, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (i) | Legal Opinion regarding issuance of shares was previously filed with the Trust’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A on April 1, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (j) | |
| (k) | Omitted Financial Statements - not applicable. |
| (l) | Initial Capital Agreements - not applicable. |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (m) | Rule 12b-1 Plan - not applicable. |
| (n) | Rule 18f-3 Plan - not applicable. |
| (o) | Reserved. |
| (p) | (i) | Code of Ethics for the Trust adopted May 31, 2023 was previously filed with the Trust's Registration Statement on Form N-1A on July 6, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (ii) | |
| | | | | |
| Item 29. | Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant |
No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.
Pursuant to Rule 484 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Registrant furnishes the following undertaking: “Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.”
With respect to the Registrant, the general effect of these provisions is to indemnify any person (Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent, among others) who was or is a party to any proceeding by reason of their actions performed in their official or duly authorized capacity on behalf of the Registrant. With respect to the distributor, the general effect of the relevant provisions is to indemnify those entities for claims arising out of any untrue statement or material fact contained in the Registrant’s' Registration Statement, reports to shareholders or advertising and sales literature.
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| Item 31. | Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser |
Bramshill Investments, LLC, located at 801 Laurel Oak Drive, Suite 300A, Naples, Florida 34108, is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and serves as investment adviser for the Trust’s Bramshill Income Performance Fund and BHILL Fund.
Please see the Adviser’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (File No. 801-74578). The Adviser’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
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| Item 32. | Principal Underwriters |
(a) Quasar Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:
1. Abacus FCF ETF Trust
2. Advisor Managed Portfolios
3. Antares Private Credit Fund
4. Capital Advisors Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
5. Chase Growth Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
6. Davidson Multi-Cap Equity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
7. Edgar Lomax Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
8. Huber Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
9. Huber Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
10. Huber Select Large Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
11. Huber Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
12. Logan Capital Broad Innovative Growth ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
13. Medalist Partners MBS Total Return Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
14. Medalist Partners Short Duration Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
15. O'Shaughnessy Market Leaders Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
16. PIA BBB Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
17. PIA High Yield (MACS) Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
18. PIA High Yield Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
19. PIA MBS Bond Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
20. PIA Short-Term Securities Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
21. Poplar Forest Cornerstone Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
22. Poplar Forest Partners Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
23. Pzena Emerging Markets Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
24. Pzena International Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
25. Pzena International Value ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
26. Pzena International Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
27. Pzena Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
28. Pzena Small Cap Value Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
29. Pzena U.S. Large Cap Value ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
30. Vox populi ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
31. Scharf ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
32. Scharf Global Opportunity ETF, Series of Advisors Series Trust
33. Scharf Multi-Asset Opportunity Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
34. Shenkman Capital Floating Rate High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
35. Shenkman Capital Short Duration High Income Fund, Series of Advisors Series Trust
36. The Aegis Funds
37. Allied Asset Advisors Funds
38. Angel Oak Funds Trust
39. Angel Oak Strategic Credit Fund
40. Brookfield Infrastructure Income Fund Inc.
41. Brookfield Investment Funds
42. Buffalo Funds
43. RJ Eagle GCM Dividend Select Income ETF, Series of Carillon Series Trust
44. RJ Eagle Municipal Income ETF, Series of Carillon Series Trust
45. RJ Eagle Vertical Income ETF, Series of Carillon Series Trust
46. DoubleLine Funds Trust
47. AAM Bahl & Gaynor Small/Mid Cap Income Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
48. AAM Brentview Dividend Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
49. AAM Crescent CLO ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
50. AAM Low Duration Preferred and Income Securities ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
51. AAM S&P 500 High Dividend Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
52. AAM Sawgrass U.S. Large Cap Quality Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
53. AAM Sawgrass U.S. Small Cap Quality Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
54. AAM SLC Low Duration Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
55. AAM Todd International Intrinsic Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
56. AAM Transformers ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
57. Acquirers Small and Micro Deep Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
58. Aptus April Buffer, Series of ETF Series Solutions
59. Aptus Collared Investment Opportunity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
60. Aptus Deferred Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
61. Aptus Defined Risk ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
62. Aptus Drawdown Managed Equity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
63. Aptus Enhanced Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
64. Aptus International Enhanced Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
65. Aptus January Buffer ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
66. Aptus July Buffer ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
67. Aptus Laddered Buffer ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
68. Aptus Large Cap Enhanced Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
69. Aptus Large Cap Upside ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
70. Aptus October Buffer ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
71. Bahl & Gaynor Dividend ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
72. Bahl & Gaynor Income Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
73. Bahl & Gaynor Small Cap Dividend ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
74. BTD Capital Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
75. Carbon Strategy ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
76. ClearShares OCIO ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
77. ClearShares Piton Intermediate Fixed Income Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
78. ClearShares Ultra-Short Maturity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
79. Colterpoint Net Lease Real Estate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
80. Distillate International Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
81. Distillate Small/Mid Cash Flow ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
82. Distillate U.S. Fundamental Stability & Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
83. ETFB Green SRI REITs ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
84. Hoya Capital High Dividend Yield ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
85. Hoya Capital Housing ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
86. LHA Market State Tactical Beta ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
87. LHA Market State Tactical Q ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
88. LHA Risk-Managed Income ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
89. McElhenny Sheffield Managed Risk ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
90. Opus Small Cap Value ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
91. The Acquirers Fund, Series of ETF Series Solutions
92. The Brinsmere Fund - Conservative ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
93. The Brinsmere Fund - Growth ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
94. U.S. Global GO GOLD and Precious Metal Miners ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
95. U.S. Global JETS ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
96. U.S. Global Sea to Sky Cargo ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
97. U.S. Global Technology and Aerospace & Defense ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
98. US Vegan Climate ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions
99. First American Funds Trust
100. FundX Investment Trust
101. The Glenmede Fund, Inc.
102. The GoodHaven Funds Trust
103. Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.
104. Hennessy Funds Trust
105. Horizon Funds
106. Hotchkis & Wiley Funds
107. Intrepid Capital Management Funds Trust
108. Jacob Funds Inc.
109. The Jensen Quality Growth Fund Inc.
110. Kirr, Marbach Partners Funds, Inc.
111. Core Alternative ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
112. Optimized Equity Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
113. Wahed Dow Jones Islamic World ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
114. Wahed FTSE USA Shariah ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust
115. LKCM Funds
116. LoCorr Investment Trust
117. MainGate Trust
118. ATAC Rotation Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
119. Kensington Active Advantage Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
120. Kensington Credit Opportunities ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
121. Kensington Defender Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
122. Kensington Dynamic Allocation Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
123. Kensington Hedged Premium Income ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
124. Kensington Managed Income Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
125. LK Balanced Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
126. Leuthold Core ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
127. Leuthold Core Investment Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
128. Leuthold Global Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
129. Leuthold Grizzly Short Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
130. Leuthold Select Industries ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
131. Muhlenkamp Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
132. Nuance Concentrated Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
133. Nuance Mid Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
134. Olstein All Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
135. Olstein Strategic Opportunities Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
136. Port Street Quality Growth Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
137. Reinhart Genesis PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
138. Reinhart International PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
139. Reinhart Mid Cap PMV Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
140. Tremblant Global ETF, Series of Managed Portfolio Series
141. Greenspring Income Opportunities Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
142. Hood River Emerging Markets Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
143. Hood River International Opportunity Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
144. Hood River New Opportunities Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
145. Hood River Small-Cap Growth Fund, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
146. SanJac Alpha Core Plus Bond ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
147. SanJac Alpha Low Duration ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
148. SWP Growth & Income ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
149. Vert Global Sustainable Real Estate ETF, Series of Manager Directed Portfolios
150. Mason Capital Fund Trust
151. Matrix Advisors Funds Trust
152. Monetta Trust
153. Nicholas Equity Income Fund, Inc.
154. Nicholas Fund, Inc.
155. Nicholas II, Inc.
156. Nicholas Limited Edition, Inc.
157. Oaktree Asset-Backed Income Fund Inc.
158. Oaktree Diversified Income Fund Inc.
159. Permanent Portfolio Family of Funds
160. Procure ETF Trust II
161. Professionally Managed Portfolios
162. Provident Mutual Funds, Inc.
163. Abbey Capital Futures Strategy Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
164. Abbey Capital Multi-Asset Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
165. Adara Smaller Companies Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
166. Aquarius International Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
167. Boston Partners All Cap Value Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
168. Boston Partners Global Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
169. Boston Partners Long/Short Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
170. Boston Partners Long/Short Research Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
171. Boston Partners Small Cap Value Fund II, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
172. Campbell Systematic Macro Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
173. F/m 10-Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
174. F/m 2-Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
175. F/m 3-Year Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
176. F/m Callable Tax-Free Municipal ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
177. F/m Compoundr High Yield Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
178. F/m Compoundr U.S. Aggregate Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
179. F/m Emerald Life Sciences Innovation ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
180. F/m Emerald Special Situations ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
181. F/m High Yield 100 ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
182. F/m Investments Large Cap Focused Fund Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
183. F/m Opportunistic Income ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
184. F/m Ultrashort Treasury Inflation-Protected Security (TIPS) ETF Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
185. F/m US Treasury 10 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
186. F/m US Treasury 12 Month Bill ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
187. F/m US Treasury 2 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
188. F/m US Treasury 20 Year Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
189. F/m US Treasury 3 Month Bill ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
190. F/m US Treasury 3 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
191. F/m US Treasury 30 Year Bond ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
192. F/m US Treasury 5 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
193. F/m US Treasury 6 Month Bill ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
194. F/m US Treasury 7 Year Note ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
195. Motley Fool 100 Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
196. Motley Fool Capital Efficiency 100 Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
197. Motley Fool Global Opportunities ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
198. Motley Fool Innovative Growth Factor ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
199. Motley Fool Mid-Cap Growth ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
200. Motley Fool Momentum Factor ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
201. Motley Fool Next Index ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
202. Motley Fool Small-Cap Growth ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
203. Motley Fool Value Factor ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
204. MUFG Japan Small Cap Active ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
205. Oakhurst Fixed Income Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
206. SGI Dynamic Tactical ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
207. SGI Enhanced Core ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
208. SGI Enhanced Global Income ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
209. SGI Enhanced Market Leaders ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
210. SGI Global Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
211. SGI Peak Growth Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
212. SGI Prudent Growth Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
213. SGI Small Cap Core Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
214. SGI U.S. Large Cap Core ETF, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
215. SGI U.S. Large Cap Equity Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
216. WPG Partners Select Small Cap Value Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
217. WPG Partners Small Cap Value Diversified Fund, Series of The RBB Fund, Inc.
218. The RBB Fund Trust
219. RBC Funds Trust
220. Rockefeller Municipal Opportunities Fund
221. SEG Partners Long/Short Equity Fund
222. Series Portfolios Trust
223. Thompson IM Funds, Inc.
224. Tortoise Capital Series Trust
225. Bright Rock Mid Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
226. Bright Rock Large Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
227. CrossingBridge Low Duration High Income Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
228. CrossingBridge Nordic High Income Bond Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
229. CrossingBridge Responsible Credit Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
230. CrossingBridge Ultra-Short Duration Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
231. RiverPark Strategic Income Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
232. Dearborn Partners Rising Dividend Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
233. Jensen Global Quality Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
234. Jensen Quality MidCap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
235. Rockefeller Climate Solutions Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
236. Rockefeller US Small Cap Core Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers
237. Wall Street EWM Funds Trust
(b) The following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant |
| Teresa Cowan | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101 | President/Manager | None |
Chris Lanza | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101 | Vice President | None |
| Kate Macchia | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101 | Vice President | None |
| Susan L. LaFond | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer and Treasurer | None |
Gabriel E. Edelman | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101 | Secretary | None |
| Weston Sommers | 190 Middle Street, Suite 301, Portland, Maine 04101 | Financial and Operations Principal and Chief Financial Officer | None |
(c) Not applicable.
| | | | | | | | |
| Item 33. | Location of Accounts and Records |
The books and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), are maintained at the following locations:
| | | | | |
| Records Relating to: | Are located at: |
Registrant’s Fund Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent | U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC 615 East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor Milwaukee, WI 53202 |
| Registrant’s Custodian | U.S. Bank National Association Custody Operations 1555 North River Center Drive, Suite 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212 |
| Registrant’s Investment Adviser | Bramshill Investments, LLC 801 Laurel Oak Drive, Suite 300A Naples, Florida 34108 |
| Registrant’s Distributor | Quasar Distributors, LLC Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 |
| | | | | | | | |
| Item 34. | Management Services |
All management-related service contracts entered into by Registrant are discussed in Parts A and B of this Registration Statement.
Not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement under Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Rancho Cucamonga and State of California, on the 28th day of July 2026.
Advisor Managed Portfolios
By: /s/ Russell B. Simon
Russell B. Simon
President
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| | | | | | | | |
| Signature | Title | Date |
| | |
| Russell Emery* | Trustee | July 28, 2026 |
| Russell Emery | | |
| | |
| Brian S. Ferrie* | Trustee | July 28, 2026 |
| Brian S. Ferrie | | |
| | |
| Wan-Chong Kung* | Trustee | July 28, 2026 |
| Wan-Chong Kung | | |
| | |
| /s/ Russell B. Simon | President and Principal Executive Officer | July 28, 2026 |
| Russell B. Simon | | |
| | |
/s/ Eric T. McCormick Eric T. McCormick | Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | July 28, 2026 |
| | |
| *By: /s/ Russell B. Simon | | July 28, 2026 |
| Russell B. Simon | | |
| Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to Power of Attorney | | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
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