v3.26.1
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value Hierarchy

Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants. U.S. GAAP prescribes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data. The level in the hierarchy within which a given fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels as follows:

•Level 1 - Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
•Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or for which significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severities, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. The unobservable inputs reflect the Company's judgments about assumptions that market participants might use.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from financial instrument to financial instrument and is affected by a wide variety of factors including, for example, the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new and not yet established in the marketplace, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires significantly more judgment.

Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by management in determining fair value is greatest for financial instruments categorized as Level 3. In periods of market dislocation, the observability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many financial instruments. This may lead the Company to change the selection of valuation technique (from market to cash flow approach) or may cause the Company to use multiple valuation techniques to estimate the fair value of a financial instrument. This circumstance could cause an instrument to be reclassified between levels within the fair value hierarchy.

Valuation Techniques

The valuation techniques, including significant inputs and assumptions generally used to determine the fair values of the Company's financial instruments as well as the classification of the fair values of its financial instruments in the fair value hierarchy are described in detail below.

Fixed Maturities

At each valuation date, the Company uses the market approach valuation technique to estimate the fair value of its fixed maturities portfolio, where possible. The market approach includes, but is not limited to, prices obtained from third-party pricing services for identical or comparable securities and the use of "pricing matrix models" using observable market inputs such as yield curves, credit risks and spreads, measures of volatility, and prepayment speeds. Pricing from third-party pricing services is sourced from multiple vendors, where available, and the Company maintains a vendor hierarchy by asset type based on historical pricing experience and vendor expertise. Where prices are unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers who are active in the corresponding markets. The valuation techniques including significant inputs and assumptions generally used to determine the fair values of the Company's fixed maturities by asset class as well as the classifications of the fair values of these securities in the fair value hierarchy are described in detail below.

U.S. Government and Agency

U.S. government and agency securities consist primarily of bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and mortgage pass-through agencies such as the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Government National Mortgage Association. As the fair values of U.S. Treasury securities are based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 1. The fair values of U.S. government agency securities are determined using the spread above the risk-free yield curve. As the yields for the risk-free yield curve and the spreads are observable market inputs, the fair values of U.S. government agency securities are classified as Level 2.
Non-U.S. Government

Non-U.S. government securities include bonds issued by non-U.S. governments and their agencies along with supranational organizations (collectively also known as sovereign debt securities). The fair values of these securities are based on prices obtained from international indices or valuation models that include inputs such as interest rate yield curves, cross-currency basis index spreads and country credit spreads for structures similar to the sovereign bond in terms of issuer, maturity and seniority. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of non-U.S. government securities are classified as Level 2.

Corporate Debt

Corporate debt securities consist primarily of investment grade debt of a wide variety of corporate issuers and industries. The fair values of these securities are generally determined using the spread above the risk-free yield curve. These spreads are generally obtained from the new issue market, secondary trading and broker-dealer quotes. As the yields for the risk-free yield curve and the spreads are observable market inputs, the fair values of corporate debt securities are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

Agency RMBS

Agency RMBS consist of bonds issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the Government National Mortgage Association. The fair values of these securities are priced using a mortgage pool specific model which uses daily inputs from the active to be announced market and the spread associated with each mortgage pool based on vintage. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of Agency RMBS are classified as Level 2.

CMBS

CMBS mainly include investment grade bonds originated by non-agencies. The fair values of these securities are determined using a pricing model which uses dealer quotes and other available trade information along with security level characteristics to determine deal specific spreads. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of CMBS are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

Non-agency RMBS

Non-agency RMBS mainly include investment grade bonds originated by non-agencies. The fair values of these securities are determined using an option adjusted spread model or other relevant models, which use inputs including available trade information or broker quotes, prepayment and default projections based on historical statistics of the underlying collateral and current market data. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of non-agency RMBS are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

ABS

ABS mainly include investment grade bonds backed by pools of loans with a variety of underlying collateral, including auto loans, student loans, credit card receivables and collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"), originated by a variety of financial institutions. The fair values of these securities are determined using a model which uses prepayment speeds and spreads sourced primarily from the new issue market. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of ABS are generally classified as Level 2. Where pricing is unavailable from pricing services, the Company obtains non-binding quotes from
broker-dealers to estimate fair value. This is generally the case when there is a low volume of trading activity and current transactions are not orderly. In this event, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 3.

Municipals

Municipals comprise revenue bonds and general obligation bonds issued by U.S. domiciled state and municipal entities. The fair values of these securities are determined using spreads obtained from the new issue market, trade prices and broker-dealers quotes. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, the fair values of municipals are classified as Level 2.

Equity Securities

Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, exchange-traded funds and bond mutual funds. As the fair values of common stocks, exchange-traded funds and exchange listed preferred stocks are based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 1. As the significant inputs used to price non-exchange listed preferred stocks are observable market inputs, the fair value of these securities are classified as Level 2. As bond mutual funds have daily liquidity, the fair values of these securities are classified as Level 2.

Other Investments

Other privately held investments include common shares, preferred shares, convertible notes, convertible preferred shares, a variable yield security and private company investment funds. These investments are initially valued at cost, which approximates fair value. In subsequent measurement periods, the fair values of these investments are generally derived from one or a combination of valuation methodologies which consider factors including recent capital raises by the investee companies, comparable precedent transaction multiples, comparable publicly traded multiples, third-party valuations, discounted cash-flow models, and other techniques that consider the industry and development stage of each investee company. The fair value of the variable yield security is determined using an externally developed discounted cash flow model. In order to assess the reasonableness of the information received from investee companies, the Company maintains an understanding of current market conditions, historical results, and emerging trends that may impact the results of operations, financial condition or liquidity of these companies. In addition, the Company engages in regular communication with management at investee companies.

As the significant inputs used to price these investments are unobservable, the fair values of other privately held investments are classified as Level 3. The fair values of private company investment funds are estimated using net asset valuations ("NAVs") as advised by external fund managers or third-party administrators.

Short-term Investments

Short-term investments primarily comprise highly liquid securities with maturities greater than three months but less than one year from the date of purchase. These securities are typically not actively traded due to their approaching maturity, therefore their amortized cost approximates fair value. The fair values of short-term investments are classified as Level 2.

Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments include foreign exchange forward contracts that are customized to the Company's economic hedging strategies and trade in the over-the-counter derivative market. The fair values of these derivatives are determined using a market approach valuation technique based on significant observable market inputs from third-party pricing vendors, non-binding broker-dealer quotes and/or recent trading activity. As the significant inputs used to price these derivatives are observable market inputs, the fair values of these derivatives are classified as Level 2.
The tables below present the financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)Fair value based on NAV practical expedientTotal fair value
At June 30, 2026
Assets
Fixed maturities, available for sale
U.S. government and agency$2,345,018 $42,356 $— $— $2,387,374 
Non-U.S. government— 823,910 — — 823,910 
Corporate debt— 5,361,369 223,530 — 5,584,899 
Agency RMBS— 2,422,949 — — 2,422,949 
CMBS— 788,348 — — 788,348 
Non-agency RMBS— 208,039 — — 208,039 
ABS— 1,497,242 70,017 — 1,567,259 
Municipals— 45,536 — — 45,536 
 2,345,018 11,189,749 293,547 — 13,828,314 
Equity securities
Common stocks3,285 — — — 3,285 
Preferred stocks48,841 — — — 48,841 
Exchange-traded funds435,135 — — — 435,135 
Bond mutual funds— 261,271 — — 261,271 
 487,261 261,271 — — 748,532 
Other investments
Multi-strategy funds— — — 6,963 6,963 
Direct lending funds— — — 194,209 194,209 
Private equity funds— — — 400,067 400,067 
Real estate funds— — — 278,438 278,438 
Other privately held investments— — 131,224 52,032 183,256 
— — 131,224 931,709 1,062,933 
Short-term investments— 2,828 — — 2,828 
Other assets
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)
— 8,621 — — 8,621 
Total Assets$2,832,279 $11,462,469 $424,771 $931,709 $15,651,228 
Liabilities
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)
$— $1,627 $— $— $1,627 
 Total Liabilities$— $1,627 $— $— $1,627 
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1)Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)Fair value based on NAV practical expedientTotal fair value
At December 31, 2025
Assets
Fixed maturities, available for sale
U.S. government and agency$2,385,085 $32,816 $— $— $2,417,901 
Non-U.S. government— 810,544 — — 810,544 
Corporate debt— 5,033,161 189,272 — 5,222,433 
Agency RMBS— 2,035,352 — — 2,035,352 
CMBS— 801,511 — — 801,511 
Non-agency RMBS— 190,124 — — 190,124 
ABS— 1,448,711 39,356 — 1,488,067 
Municipals— 52,095 — — 52,095 
 2,385,085 10,404,314 228,628 — 13,018,027 
Equity securities
Common stocks13,695 — — — 13,695 
Preferred stocks14,239 6,072 — — 20,311 
Exchange-traded funds401,757 — — — 401,757 
Bond mutual funds— 271,806 — — 271,806 
 429,691 277,878 — — 707,569 
Other investments
Multi-strategy funds— — — 11,577 11,577 
Direct lending funds— — — 186,747 186,747 
Private equity funds— — — 364,376 364,376 
Real estate funds— — — 291,491 291,491 
Other privately held investments— — 123,925 49,682 173,607 
— — 123,925 903,873 1,027,798 
Short-term investments— 20,298 — — 20,298 
Other assets
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)
— 930 — — 930 
Total Assets$2,814,776 $10,703,420 $352,553 $903,873 $14,774,622 
Liabilities
Derivative instruments (refer to Note 5)
$— $8,859 $— $— $8,859 
Total Liabilities$— $8,859 $— $— $8,859 
The following table presents changes in Level 3 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Opening
balance
Transfers
into
Level 3
Transfers
out of
Level 3
Included 
in net income(1)
Included
in OCI (2)
PurchasesSales
Settlements/
distributions
Closing
balance
Change in
unrealized
gains/(losses) (3)
Three months ended June 30, 2026
Fixed maturities, available for sale         
Corporate debt$225,010 $1,378 $— $318 $1,468 $4,834 $(1,566)$(7,912)$223,530 $— 
ABS54,412 — — 3 (1,206)17,850 — (1,042)70,017 — 
 279,422 1,378 — 321 262 22,684 (1,566)(8,954)293,547 — 
Other investments
Other privately held investments
124,139 — — 3,335 — 3,750 — — 131,224 3,335 
 124,139 — — 3,335 — 3,750 — — 131,224 3,335 
Total assets$403,561 $1,378 $— $3,656 $262 $26,434 $(1,566)$(8,954)$424,771 $3,335 
Six months ended June 30, 2026
Fixed maturities, available for sale
Corporate debt$189,272 $1,378 $(2,572)$460 $409 $60,948 $(9,236)$(17,129)$223,530 $— 
ABS39,356 — — 4 (1,046)33,359 (14)(1,642)70,017 — 
228,628 1,378 (2,572)464 (637)94,307 (9,250)(18,771)293,547 — 
Other investments
Other privately held investments123,925 — — 3,549 — 3,750 — — 131,224 3,549 
123,925 — — 3,549 — 3,750 — — 131,224 3,549 
Total assets$352,553 $1,378 $(2,572)$4,013 $(637)$98,057 $(9,250)$(18,771)$424,771 $3,549 
(1) Realized gains (losses) on fixed maturities and realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other assets and other liabilities included in net income are included in net investment gains (losses). Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments included in net income are included in net investment income.
(2) Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities are included in other comprehensive income ("OCI").
(3) Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held at the reporting date.
Opening
balance		Transfers
into
Level 3		Transfers
out of
Level 3
Included 
in net income(1)
Included
in OCI(2)
PurchasesSalesSettlements/
distributions		Closing
balance
Change in
unrealized
gains/(losses)(3)
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Fixed maturities, available for sale
Corporate debt$133,742 $— $— $238 $687 $17,386 $(19,343)$(1,237)$131,473 $— 
ABS33,143 — — — 349 — — — 33,492 — 
166,885 — — 238 1,036 17,386 (19,343)(1,237)164,965 — 
Other investments
 Other privately held investments97,020 — — 2,269 — — — (4,942)94,347 2,269 
97,020 — — 2,269 — — — (4,942)94,347 2,269 
Total assets$263,905 $— $— $2,507 $1,036 $17,386 $(19,343)$(6,179)$259,312 $2,269 
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Fixed maturities, available for sale
Corporate debt$126,391 $— $— $238 $1,044 $25,050 $(20,013)$(1,237)$131,473 $— 
ABS20,832 — — — 660 12,000 — — 33,492 — 
147,223 — — 238 1,704 37,050 (20,013)(1,237)164,965 — 
Other investments
 Other privately held investments92,230 — — 7,059 — — — (4,942)94,347 7,059 
92,230 — — 7,059 — — — (4,942)94,347 7,059 
Total assets$239,453 $— $— $7,297 $1,704 $37,050 $(20,013)$(6,179)$259,312 $7,059 
(1) Realized gains (losses) on fixed maturities and realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other assets and other liabilities included in net income are included in net investment gains (losses). Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments included in net income are included in net investment income.
(2) Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturities are included in other comprehensive income ("OCI").
(3) Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets and liabilities held at the reporting date.


Transfers into Level 3 from Level 2

The transfers into Level 3 from Level 2 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 were primarily due to the lack of observable market inputs and multiple quotes from pricing vendors for certain fixed maturities. There were no transfers into Level 3 from Level 2 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2

The transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 during the six months ended June 30, 2026 were primarily due to the availability of observable market inputs and multiple quotes from pricing vendors for certain fixed maturities. There were no transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Measuring the Fair Value of Other Investments Using Net Asset Valuations

The fair values of multi-strategy funds, direct lending funds, private equity funds, real estate funds and private company investment funds are estimated using NAVs as advised by external fund managers or third-party administrators. For these funds, NAVs are based on the manager's or administrator's valuation of the underlying holdings in accordance with the fund's governing documents and in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
For multi-strategy funds, direct lending funds, private equity funds, real estate funds and private company investment funds, valuation statements are typically released on a reporting lag. Therefore, the Company estimates the fair value of these funds by starting with the most recent fund valuations and adjusting for capital calls, redemptions, drawdowns and distributions. Return estimates are not available from the relevant fund managers for these funds, therefore the Company typically has a reporting lag in its fair value measurements of these funds. At June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 all funds measured at fair value using NAVs are reported generally on a one quarter lag.

The Company often does not have access to financial information relating to the underlying securities held within the funds, therefore, management is unable to corroborate the fair values placed on the securities underlying the asset valuations provided by fund managers or fund administrators. In order to assess the reasonableness of the NAVs, the Company performs a number of monitoring procedures on a quarterly basis, to assess the quality of the information provided by fund managers and fund administrators. These procedures include, but are not limited to, regular review and discussion of each fund's performance with its manager, regular evaluation of fund performance against applicable benchmarks and the backtesting of the Company's fair value estimates against subsequently received NAVs. Backtesting involves comparing the Company's previously reported fair values for each fund against NAVs per audited financial statements (for year-end values) and final NAVs from fund managers and fund administrators (for interim values).

The fair values of multi-strategy funds, direct lending funds, private equity funds, real estate funds and private company investment funds, are measured using the NAV practical expedient, therefore the fair values of these funds have not been categorized within the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, at Fair Value

The fair value of financial instruments accounting guidance also applies to financial instruments disclosed, but not carried, at fair value, except for certain financial instruments, including insurance contracts.
At June 30, 2026, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents including restricted amounts, accrued investment income, receivable for investments sold, certain other assets, payable for investments purchased and certain other liabilities approximated fair values due to their short maturities. As these financial instruments are not actively traded, their fair values are classified as Level 2.

At June 30, 2026, the Company's fixed maturities, held to maturity, were recorded at amortized cost with a carrying value of $407 million (2025: $397 million) and a fair value of $402 million (2025: $396 million). The fair values of these securities are determined using a model which uses prepayment speeds and spreads sourced primarily from the new issue market. As the significant inputs used to price these securities are observable market inputs, their fair values are classified as Level 2.

At June 30, 2026, the carrying value of mortgage loans, held for investment, approximated fair value. The fair values of mortgage loans are primarily determined by estimating expected future cash flows and discounting them using current interest rates for similar mortgage loans with similar credit risk or are determined from pricing for similar loans. As mortgage loans are not actively traded, their fair values are classified as Level 3.

At June 30, 2026, the Company's debt was recorded at amortized cost with a carrying value of $1,318 million (2025: $1,317 million) and a fair value of $1,278 million (2025: $1,293 million). The fair value of the Company's debt is based on prices obtained from a third-party pricing service and is determined using the spread above the risk-free yield curve. These spreads are generally obtained from the new issue market, secondary trading and broker-dealer quotes. As the yields for the risk-free yield curve and the spreads are observable market inputs, the fair value of this debt is classified as Level 2.

At June 30, 2026, Federal Home Loan Bank advances were recorded at amortized cost with a carrying value of $61 million (2025: $66 million) and a fair value of $61 million (2025: $66 million). As these advances are not actively traded, their fair values are classified as Level 2.