(12)        INCOME TAXES

All income from continuing operations before income taxes was attributable to U.S. domestic operations. The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

​

​

The components of the net deferred income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

​

​

​

A valuation allowance is provided when it is considered more likely than not that certain deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance relates primarily to deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards, in states where the Company either has no current operations or its operations are not considered likely to realize the deferred tax assets due to the amount of the applicable state net operating loss or its expected expiration date.

The Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards of $20,620,000 as of April 30, 2026, which do not have an expiration. The Company has state net operating loss carryforwards of $46,843,000 as of April 30, 2026 that expire beginning in the fiscal year ending April 30, 2038.

Net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to audit and possible adjustment by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), which could result in a reversal of none, part or all of the income tax benefit or could result in a benefit higher than the amount recorded. If the IRS rejects or reduces the amount of the income tax benefit related to the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards, the Company may have to pay additional cash income taxes, which would adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The Company cannot guarantee what the ultimate outcome will be or the amount of the tax benefit the Company will receive, if any. Under federal income tax law, net operating losses have an unlimited carryforward period and the deductibility of such federal net operating losses is limited to 80% of taxable income in any year during the carryforward period.

In addition, under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes in any taxable year may be limited if the Company experiences an “ownership change.” A Section 382 “ownership change” generally occurs if one or more shareholders or groups of shareholders who own at least 5% of the Company’s stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws in the United States. It is possible that any future ownership changes could have a material effect on the use of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards or other tax attributes.

Effective May 1, 2025, the Company adopted ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes, on a prospective basis starting with the year ended April 30, 2026. The disclosures for the year ended April 30, 2025 have not been restated and reflect the requirements in effect for that period.

The following tables reconcile taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate from continuing operations to the Company’s actual tax provision (dollars in thousands):

​

​

​

For the years ended April 30, 2026 and April 30, 2025, state and local income tax primarily reflected taxes originating in New Mexico, which constituted the majority of the state and local tax category.

For the year ended April 30, 2026, income taxes paid, net of refunds received, were $502,000, which consisted of $500,000 paid to the U.S. federal government and $2,000 paid to state and local jurisdictions. No individual state or foreign jurisdiction accounted for 5% or more of the total income taxes paid, net of refunds.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income taxes and various state and local income taxes. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and require significant judgment to apply. Federal tax returns prior to the fiscal year ended April 30, 2020 are no longer subject to examination due to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. State tax returns prior to the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 are no longer subject to examination due to the expiration of the applicable statutes of limitations. Tax years in which net operating losses were generated may remain subject to examination to the extent the carryforwards are utilized in open years, notwithstanding the general statute of limitations.

ASC Topic 740 (Income Taxes) clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions, prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized and providing guidance on the derecognition, measurement, classification and disclosure relating to income taxes. The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits as of April 30, 2026 and April 30, 2025.

The Company has elected to include interest and penalties in its income tax expense. The Company had no accrued interest or penalties as of April 30, 2026 and April 30, 2025.