CURRENT MARKET CONDITIONS RISK. Current market conditions risk is the risk that a particular investment, or shares
of the Fund in general, may fall in value due to current market conditions. As a means to fight
inflation, the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have raised interest rates; however, the Federal Reserve has begun to
lower interest rates and may continue to do so. U.S. regulators have proposed several changes to market and issuer regulations which
would directly impact the Fund, and any regulatory changes could adversely impact the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment strategies or make certain investments. Potential future bank failures could result in disruption to the broader banking industry or markets
generally and reduce confidence in financial institutions and the economy as a whole, which may also heighten market volatility
and reduce liquidity. Additionally, challenges in commercial real estate markets, including high interest rates, declining valuations
and elevated vacancies, could have a broader impact on financial markets. The ongoing adversarial political climate in the United States,
as well as political and diplomatic events both domestic and abroad, have and may continue to have an adverse impact the U.S. regulatory
landscape, markets and investor behavior, which could have a negative impact on the Fund’s investments and operations. The change in administration resulting from the 2024 United States national elections could result in significant impacts to international
trade relations, tax and immigration policies, and other aspects of the national and international political and financial landscape,
which could affect, among other things, inflation and the securities markets generally. Other unexpected political, regulatory and diplomatic
events within the U.S. and abroad may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the
broader economy. For example, ongoing armed conflicts between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and among the United States, Israel,
Iran, Hamas, Hezbollah and other militant groups in the Middle East, have caused and could continue to cause significant market disruptions
and volatility within the markets in Russia, Europe, the Middle East, the United States, and other nations. Such events may also
disrupt global trade and supply chains, increase sanctions and other governmental actions, and contribute to volatility in oil and
natural gas markets. The hostilities and sanctions resulting from those hostilities have and could continue to have a significant impact
on certain Fund investments as well as Fund performance and liquidity. The economies of the United States and its trading partners,
as well as the financial markets generally, may be adversely impacted by trade disputes, including the imposition of tariffs, and
other matters. For example, the United States has imposed trade barriers and restrictions on China. In addition, the Chinese government
is engaged in a longstanding dispute with Taiwan, continually threatening an invasion. If the political climate between the United States
and China does not improve or continues to deteriorate, if China were to attempt invading Taiwan, or if other geopolitical conflicts
develop or worsen, economies, markets and individual securities may be adversely affected, and the value of the Fund’s assets may go down. A public health crisis and the ensuing policies enacted by governments and central banks may cause significant volatility
and uncertainty in global financial markets, negatively impacting global growth prospects. As the COVID-19 global pandemic illustrated, such
events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors and industries more significantly than others. Advancements in
technology may also adversely impact markets and the overall performance of the Fund. For instance, the economy may be significantly
impacted by the advanced development and increased regulation of artificial intelligence. Additionally, cyber security breaches
of both government and non-government entities could have negative impacts on infrastructure and the ability of such entities, including
the Fund, to operate properly. These events, and any other future events, may adversely affect the prices and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio investments and could result in disruptions in the trading markets.
CYBER SECURITY RISK. The Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks through
breaches in cyber security. A breach in cyber security refers to both intentional and unintentional events that
may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity, any of which could result in
a material adverse effect on the Fund or its shareholders. Such events could cause the Fund to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage,
additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures and/or financial loss. Cyber security breaches may involve unauthorized access to the Fund’s digital information systems through “hacking” or malicious software coding but may also result from outside attacks such as denial-of-service attacks through efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users. Emerging threats
like ransomware or zero-day exploits could also cause disruptions to Fund operations. In addition, cyber security breaches of
the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests or the Fund’s third-party service providers, such as its administrator, transfer agent, custodian, or sub-advisor, as applicable, among many other third-party service providers, can also subject the Fund to many of the
same risks associated with direct cyber security breaches. Further, errors, misconduct, or compromise of accounts of employees of the
Fund or its third-party service providers can also create material cybersecurity risks. Although the Fund has established risk management
systems designed to reduce the risks associated with cyber security, there is no guarantee that such efforts will succeed,
especially because the Fund does not directly control the cyber security systems of issuers or third-party service providers. Cyber security
incidents may also trigger Fund obligations under data privacy laws, potentially increasing notification and compliance burdens. Cyber
security incidents affecting issuers in whose securities the Fund invests may also have a negative impact on the value of the securities
of such issuers, and in turn, the value of the Fund.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS RISK. Depositary receipts represent equity interests in a foreign company that trade on
a local stock exchange. Depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary
trading market. Any distributions paid to the holders of depositary receipts are usually subject to a fee charged by the depositary. Holders
of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the
value of depositary receipts because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert the equity shares into depositary receipts and vice
versa. Such restrictions may cause the equity shares of the underlying issuer to trade at a discount or premium to the market price of
the depositary receipts.
EMERGING MARKETS RISK. Investments in securities issued by companies operating in emerging market countries
involve additional risks relating to political, economic, or regulatory conditions not associated with
investments in securities and instruments issued by