Chubb Limited
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(Unaudited)
Regulation G - Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In presenting our results, we included and discussed certain
non-GAAP measures. These non-GAAP measures, which may be defined differently by other companies, are important for an understanding of our overall results of operations
and financial condition. However, they should not be viewed as a substitute for measures determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
Throughout this document there are various measures presented on a constant-dollar basis (i.e., excludes the impact of foreign exchange). We believe it is useful to
evaluate the trends in our results exclusive of the effect of fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which our international business is transacted, as these exchange rates could fluctuate significantly between
periods and distort the analysis of trends. The impact is determined by assuming constant foreign exchange rates between periods by translating prior period results using the same local currency exchange rates as the comparable current period.
P&C underwriting income (loss) excludes the Life Insurance segment and is calculated by subtracting adjusted losses and loss expenses, adjusted policy
benefits, policy acquisition costs and administrative expenses from net premiums earned. We use underwriting income (loss) and operating ratios to monitor the results of our operations without the impact of certain factors, including net investment
income, other income (expense), interest expense, amortization expense of purchased intangibles, integration expenses and severance, amortization of fair value of acquired invested assets and debt, income tax expense, adjusted net realized gains
(losses), and market risk benefits gains (losses).
P&C CAY underwriting income excluding catastrophe losses (Cats) is P&C underwriting income (loss)
adjusted to exclude P&C Cats and prior period development (PPD). We believe it is useful to exclude Cats, as they are not predictable as to timing and amount, and PPD, as these unexpected loss developments on historical reserves are not
indicative of our current underwriting performance. We believe the use of these measures enhances the understanding of our results of operations by highlighting the underlying profitability of our insurance business.
Adjusted losses and loss expenses include realized gains and losses on crop derivatives. These derivatives were purchased to provide economic benefit, in a
manner similar to reinsurance protection, in the event that a significant decline in commodity pricing impacts underwriting results. We view gains and losses on these derivatives as part of the results of our underwriting operations, and therefore
realized gains (losses) from these derivatives are reclassified to adjusted losses and loss expenses.
Adjusted policy benefits include gains and losses from
fair value changes in separate account liabilities, as well as the offsetting movement in separate account assets that do not qualify for separate account reporting under U.S. GAAP, for purposes of reporting Life Insurance underwriting income. We
view gains and losses from fair value changes in both non-qualified separate account assets and liabilities as part of the results of our underwriting operations, and therefore these gains and losses are
reclassified from Other (income) expense to adjusted policy benefits. In addition, adjusted policy benefits includes the impact of realized gains and losses on underlying investments supporting the liabilities of certain participating policies for
the portion that are shared with policyholders. These realized gains and losses on underlying investments have been reclassified from net realized gains (losses) to adjusted policy benefits. We believe this presentation better reflects the economics
of the liabilities and the underlying investments supporting those liabilities.
Adjusted net investment income is net investment income excluding the
amortization of the fair value adjustment on acquired invested assets from certain acquisitions, and including investment income from partially-owned investment companies (private equity partnerships) where our ownership interest is in excess of 3%
that are accounted for under the equity method. The mark-to-market movement on these private equity partnerships are included in adjusted net realized gains (losses) as
described below. We believe this measure is meaningful as it highlights the underlying performance of our invested assets and portfolio management in support of our lines of business.
Adjusted net realized gains (losses), net of tax, includes net realized gains (losses) and net realized gains (losses) recorded in other income (expense) related
to unconsolidated subsidiaries, and excludes realized gains and losses on crop derivatives and realized gains and losses on underlying investments supporting the liabilities of certain participating policies related to the policyholders’ share
of gains and losses.
Adjusted interest expense is interest expense excluding the amortization of the fair value adjustment on acquired long-term debt,
related to the Chubb Corp acquisition due to the size and complexity of this acquisition.
Other income (expense) - operating excludes from consolidated
Other income (expense) the portion of net realized gains and losses related to unconsolidated entities, other income (expense) from private equity partnerships, and gains and losses from fair value changes in separate account assets that do not
qualify for separate account reporting under U.S. GAAP. Net realized gains (losses) related to unconsolidated entities is excluded from core operating income (loss) in order to enhance the understanding of our results of underwriting operations as
they are heavily influenced by, and fluctuate in part according to, market conditions. Other income (expense) from private equity partnerships and net realized gains and losses related to unconsolidated entities are recorded to Other income
(expense) in our income statement on a U.S. GAAP basis.
P&C combined ratio excludes the Life Insurance segment. P&C loss and loss expense ratio and
P&C combined ratio include adjusted losses and loss expenses and policy benefits in the ratio numerator. P&C expense ratio and P&C combined ratio include policy acquisition costs and administrative expenses in the ratio numerator. A
reconciliation of combined ratio to P&C combined ratio is provided on pages 30 - 33.
CAY P&C combined ratio excluding catastrophe losses excludes
Cats and PPD from the P&C combined ratio. We exclude Cats as they are not predictable as to timing and amount and PPD as these unexpected loss developments on historical reserves are not indicative of our current underwriting performance. The
combined ratio numerator is adjusted to exclude Cats, PPD and expense adjustments on PPD, and the denominator is adjusted to exclude net premiums earned adjustments on PPD and reinstatement premiums on Cats and PPD. In periods where there are
adjustments on loss sensitive policies, these adjustments are excluded from both losses and loss expenses and net premiums earned when calculating the ratios. We believe this measure provides a useful evaluation of our underwriting performance and
enhances the understanding of the trends in our P&C business that may be obscured by these items. This measure is commonly reported among our peer companies and allows for a useful comparison.
Expense ratio excluding accident and health (A&H) excludes the impact of our A&H business from our expense ratio. The expense ratio for the A&H
business is typically higher than our traditional P&C business, and we believe that this measure provides better comparison to our peer companies that may not have a significant A&H block of business.
Global P&C performance metrics comprise consolidated operating results (including corporate) and exclude the operating results of Chubb’s Life
Insurance and North America Agricultural Insurance segments. The agriculture insurance business is a different business in that it is a public sector and private sector partnership in which insurance rates, premium growth, and risk-sharing is not
market-driven like the remainder of Chubb’s P&C insurance business. We believe that these measures are useful and meaningful to investors as they are used by management to assess Chubb’s global P&C operations which are the most
economically similar. We exclude the North America Agricultural Insurance and Life Insurance segments because the results of these businesses do not always correlate with the results of our global P&C operations.
Core operating income relates only to Chubb income, which excludes noncontrolling interests. It excludes from Chubb net income the
after-tax impact of adjusted net realized gains (losses) and other, which include items described in this paragraph, and market risk benefits gains (losses). We believe this presentation enhances the
understanding of our results of operations by highlighting the underlying profitability of our insurance business. We exclude adjusted net realized gains (losses) and market risk benefits gains (losses) because the amount of these gains (losses) is
heavily influenced by, and fluctuates in part according to, the availability of market opportunities. In addition, we exclude the amortization of fair value adjustments on purchased invested assets and long-term debt related to certain acquisitions
due to the size and complexity of these acquisitions. We also exclude integration expenses, including legal and professional fees and all other costs directly related to acquisition integration activities, as well as severance expenses associated
with transformation initiatives to enhance operational efficiency. The costs are not related to the ongoing activities of the individual segments and are therefore included in Corporate and excluded from our definition of segment income. We believe
these integration expenses and severance are not indicative of our underlying profitability, and excluding these integration expenses and severance facilitates the comparison of our financial results to our historical operating results.
Additionally, we exclude the amortization of the deferred tax asset related to the tax benefit from the Bermuda Economic Transition Adjustment, which we believe provides investors with a better view of our operating performance, enhances the
understanding of the trends in the underlying business, improves comparability between periods and provides increased transparency. References to core operating income measures mean net of tax, whether or not noted.
Chubb core operating effective tax rate is income tax expense (benefit) excluding tax expense (benefit) on adjusted net realized gains (losses), tax expense
(benefit) on amortization of fair value of acquired invested assets and debt, tax expense (benefit) on integration expenses and severance, tax expense (benefit) on market risk benefits gains (losses), the amortization of the deferred tax asset
related to the tax benefit from the Bermuda Economic Transition Adjustment, all attributable to Chubb, divided by Chubb income before tax excluding adjusted net realized gains (losses) before tax, market risk benefit gains (losses) before tax,
amortization of fair value of acquired invested assets and debt before tax, and integration expenses and severance before tax, all attributable to Chubb, before tax. We believe the use of this measure is meaningful to show the tax on the underlying
performance of our insurance business, by excluding the taxes on adjusted net realized gains (losses), market risk benefit gains (losses), amortization of the fair value adjustments related to purchased invested assets and long-term debt,
integration expenses and severance, the amortization of the deferred tax asset related to the tax benefit from the Bermuda Economic Transition Adjustment. Due to fluctuations in our income before taxes during the year, on a quarterly basis these
exclusions may not annualize to the full year forecasted expense or (benefit), if applicable. Refer to the definition of core operating income (loss), net of tax above for more information on these adjustments.
Tangible book value per common share is Chubb shareholders’ equity less Chubb goodwill and other intangible assets, net of tax, divided by the shares
outstanding. We believe that goodwill and other intangible assets are not indicative of our underlying insurance results or trends and make book value comparisons to less acquisitive peer companies less meaningful. Book value per share and tangible
book value per share excluding accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), excludes AOCI from the numerator because it eliminates the effect of items that can fluctuate significantly from period to period, primarily based on changes in
interest rates and foreign currency movement, to highlight underlying growth in book and tangible book value.
International life insurance net premiums written
and deposits collected includes deposits collected on universal life and investment contracts (life deposits). Life deposits are not reflected as revenues in our consolidated statements of operations in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, we
include life deposits in presenting growth in our life insurance business because new life deposits are an important component of production and key to our efforts to grow our business.
Adjusted operating cash flow is Operating cash flow excluding the operating cash flow related to the net investing activities of Huatai’s asset management
companies as it relates to the Consolidated Investment Products as required under consolidation accounting. Because these entities are investment companies, we are required to retain the investment company presentation in our consolidated results,
which means we include the net investing activities of these entities in our operating cash flows. Chubb has elected to remove the impact of net investing activities of consolidated investment companies from our operating cash flow as they may
distort a reader’s analysis of our underlying operating cash flow related to the core insurance company operations. These net investing activities are more appropriately classified outside of operating cash flows, consistent with our
consolidated investing activities. Accordingly, we believe that it is appropriate to adjust operating cash flow for the impact of consolidated investment products.
Total adjusted capitalization is the sum of the short-term debt, long-term debt, hybrid debt, and Chubb shareholders’ equity less Chubb unrealized gains
(losses) on investments, net of deferred tax. This measure is meaningful as it eliminates the effect of after-tax unrealized mark-to-market movements on our investment
portfolio, which can fluctuate significantly from period to period, to better highlight our company’s underlying total capital position.
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