8. Research and Development Expense

Sarborg Service Agreement – Related Party

On December 12, 2024, the Company entered into a Services Agreement (the “Sarborg Service Agreement”) with Sarborg Limited (“Sarborg”), a Cayman Islands company and related party of the Company. See Note 13 for further reference to the relationship between the Company and Sarborg. Under the terms of the Sarborg Service Agreement, Sarborg will provide algorithmic and cybernetic technology services to CDT, including the development of decision-support tools and advanced cybernetic systems tailored to enhance CDT’s decision-making processes and maximize the value of its pharmaceutical asset portfolio.

The Sarborg Service Agreement has an initial term of 12 months, which commenced on the effective date, and may be renewed or extended upon mutual written agreement of the parties. Either party may terminate the Sarborg Service Agreement for any reason upon 90 days’ written notice or immediately upon written notice if the other party breaches any material term of the Sarborg Service Agreement and fails to cure such breach within thirty days or becomes insolvent, files for bankruptcy, or is placed under the control of a receiver, trustee, or similar authority.

The Sarborg Service Agreement includes provisions for the ownership and use of intellectual property. Sarborg will own its pre-existing intellectual property rights, including proprietary tools and methodologies used in the performance of the services. CDT will own all deliverables resulting from the services performed by Sarborg under the Sarborg Service Agreement.

The Sarborg Service Agreement provides Sarborg with registration rights for any Common Stock of CDT that Sarborg receives as consideration under the Sarborg Service Agreement. In such event, CDT will use commercially reasonable efforts to (i) file a registration statement covering the resale of the Common Stock within 60 days after the issuance; and (ii) ensure that such registration statement becomes effective within 90 days after filing. This Agreement also includes confidentiality obligations, representations and warranties, indemnification, limitation of liability, and insurance requirements.

In consideration of the services, CDT agreed to pay Sarborg an initial cash payment of $0.2 million and $0.2 million payable through the issuance of 7 shares of Common Stock, determined by the closing price on the day preceding the execution of the Sarborg Service Agreement. The initial cash payment of $0.2 million was made on December 20, 2024, and the 7 shares of Common Stock were issued on January 17, 2025. Further milestone payments payable in conjunction with the achievement of certain milestones over the term of the Sarborg Service Agreement, totaling up to $1.8 million. Sarborg will be reimbursed for pre-approved, necessary, and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses directly incurred in connection with the performance of the services.

The Company made an initial cash payment of $0.2 million and issued 7 shares of Common Stock in connection with the Sarborg Service Agreement. These costs were capitalized as prepaid expenses and are being amortized to research and development expense over the initial term of the agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, and March 31, 2025, the Company recorded amortization expense of nil and $0.1 million, respectively, in research and development expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. No prepaid balance remained as of March 31, 2026.

Under the Sarborg Service Agreement, the Company will be provided with a dashboard that will be utilized for both the Company’s existing and future asset portfolio. Specifically, the dashboard includes a clinical trial monitoring functionality and a dynamic pharmaceutical patent landscape module to assess both the Company’s current assets undergoing clinical trials and delisted patents in the marketplace that may be overlooked by other market participants. These features will be used by management to monitor progress, assess trial status, identify new opportunities, and support decision-making across all current and future development programs. The Company assessed the guidance in ASC 730 and determined that $0.4 million of total cost of the acquired asset should be capitalized as the dashboard is considered a purchased diagnostic asset with alternative future use. Management determined that the dashboard has a useful life of two years. The dashboard was placed in service on March 18, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, the Company recorded $50 thousand and $7 thousand of amortization expense, respectively.

All other costs under the Sarborg Service Agreement shall be expensed as incurred and recorded within research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, as the services are designed to aid in the Company’s research and development activities.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, Sarborg was paid nil and $1.1 million for completed milestones under the Sarborg Service Agreement.

Sarborg Additional Agreement

Effective March 31, 2025, the Company entered into an additional license and use agreement (the “Sarborg Additional Agreement”) with Sarborg, a related party, covering certain additional deliverables and incorporating a new scope of work focused on analysis of the Company’s acquired AstraZeneca assets. The term of the Sarborg Additional Agreement is for six months and provides for the payment, in aggregate, of $2.0 million, which includes an up-front license fee for the term of such agreement, in cash or stock at the Company’s election at the closing price on the day preceding the effective date of such agreement. On March 31, 2025, the Company prepaid $1.65 million of the Sarborg Additional Agreement through the issuance of 617 fully vested unregistered shares of Common Stock. The Company recorded the shares issued under the Sarborg Additional Agreement at their fair value, as determined by the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on March 30, 2025, $2,669.87. Effective June 24, 2025, the term was extended to be 12 months from the effective date of the Sarborg Additional Agreement at no additional cost to the Company. Effective October 1, 2025, the term was extended to be 12 months from the previous extension date of May 2, 2025 to extend the term of the license to March 31, 2027 at no additional cost to the Company. The Company recorded the fair value of $1.5 million as prepaid within the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $0.1 million and nil expense related to the amortization of the Sarborg Additional Agreement.

Sarborg Second Additional Agreement

Effective January 2, 2026, the Company and Sarborg entered into the Second Additional Agreement (the “Second Additional Agreement”). The Second Additional Agreement has a term of six weeks and can be renewed upon the mutual written agreement of both parties. Total consideration payable from the Company to Sarborg totals $0.4 million, with $0.2 million due, and paid, upon execution of the Second Additional Agreement and the remaining balance due as mutually agreed by the parties. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recorded $0.4 million of expense related to the Second Additional Agreement.

In total, the Company recorded $0.6 million and $0.7 million of research and development expense and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively, all of which related to services and costs incurred through the Sarborg Agreement, Sarborg Additional Agreement and the Sarborg Second Additional Agreement, collectively.

Manoira Joint Development Agreement

On June 3, 2025, the Company entered into a joint development agreement (the “Joint Development Agreement”) with Manoira Corporation (“Manoira”) for a term of one year, which will be automatically renewed for successive one-year terms unless advance termination notice is provided in accordance with the terms of the Joint Development Agreement. Manoira is an entity controlled by Dr. Andrew Regan, of which he is sole director, and is therefore considered a related party of the Company. Refer to Note 13 for additional details.

Pursuant to the Joint Development Agreement, CDT granted Manoira a non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, fully paid-up, royalty-free license to the intellectual property rights related to the pharmaceutical compounds known individually and together as AZD1656 and AZD5658 (the “CDT Assets”). Manoira will evaluate the CDT Assets’ applicability in animal health, explore veterinary market opportunities, and provide data from the evaluations to inform CDT’s human clinical programs. The license does not grant Manoira the right to distribute, market, promote or sell the products or services that are related to or incorporate the CDT Assets.

Effective June 3, 2025, in exchange for the approximate $0.5 million of consideration to be paid by CDT under the Joint Development Agreement, CDT issued to Manoira 774 shares of its Common Stock, (the “Consideration Shares”) valued at the closing price of the Common Stock immediately preceding execution of the Joint Development Agreement. The Company recorded the shares issued under the Joint Development Agreement at their fair value, as determined by the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock on June 3, 2025, $646. The Company recorded the fair value of $0.4 million as prepaid within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recorded nil of amortization expense as no significant work was performed by Manoira in relation to the Joint Development Agreement.

Through the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company did not record any amortization expense related to research and development activities.