Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration Statement No. 333-295926

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus supplement is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Supplement

 

Summary of the Offering		S-7
Use of Proceeds		S-9
Recent Developments		S-13
Description of the Notes		S-23
Clearance and Settlement		S-26
Taxation		S-29
Underwriting		S-30
Legal Matters		S-37
Official Statements and Documents		S-37
General Information		S-37

Prospectus

 

		Page
Certain Defined Terms and Conventions			1
Use of Proceeds			2
The Export-Import Bank of Korea			3
Overview			3
Capitalization			4
Business			5
Selected Financial Statement Data			7
Operations			10
Description of Assets and Liabilities			16
Debt			26
Credit Policies, Credit Approval and Risk Management			28
Capital Adequacy			30
Overseas Operations			31
Property			31
Management and Employees			31
Tables and Supplementary Information			33
Financial Statements and the Auditors			40
The Republic of Korea			134
Land and History			134
Government and Politics			136
The Economy			139
Principal Sectors of the Economy			146
The Financial System			153
Monetary Policy			158
Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade			162
Government Finance			169
Debt			172
Tables and Supplementary Information			175

 

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		Page
Description of the Securities			178
Description of Debt Securities			178
Description of Warrants			184
Terms Applicable to Debt Securities and Warrants			185
Description of Guarantees			186
Limitations on Issuance of Bearer Debt Securities and Bearer Warrants			187
Taxation			188
Korean Taxation			188
United States Tax Considerations			191
Plan of Distribution			200
Legal Matters			201
Authorized Representatives in the United States			201
Official Statements and Documents			201
Experts			201
Forward-Looking Statements			202
Further Information			204

 

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CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

All references to “we” or “us” mean The Export-Import Bank of Korea. All references to “Korea” or the “Republic” contained in this prospectus supplement mean The Republic of Korea. All references to the “Government” mean the government of Korea. References to “W,” “Won” or “Korean won” are to the lawful currency of Korea and references to “US$” or “U.S. dollars” are to the lawful currency of the United States. Terms used but not defined in this prospectus supplement shall have the same meanings given to them in the accompanying prospectus.

In this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, where information has been provided in units of thousands, millions or billions, such amounts have been rounded up or down. Accordingly, actual numbers may differ from those contained herein due to rounding. Any discrepancy between the stated total amount and the actual sum of the itemized amounts listed in a table, is due to rounding.

Our financial information included in this prospectus supplement was prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by Korea (“Korean IFRS” or “K-IFRS”). References in this prospectus supplement to “separate” financial statements and/or information are to financial statements and/or information prepared on a non-consolidated basis. Unless specified otherwise, our financial and other information included in this prospectus supplement is presented on a separate basis in accordance with Korean IFRS and does not include such information with respect to our subsidiaries.

IMPORTANT NOTICES

MiFID II product governance / Professional investors and ECPs only target market — Solely for the purposes of the manufacturer’s product approval process, the target market assessment in respect of the Notes has led to the conclusion that: (i) the target market for the Notes is eligible counterparties and professional clients only, each as defined in Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, “MiFID II”); and (ii) all channels for distribution of the Notes to eligible counterparties and professional clients are appropriate. Any person subsequently offering, selling or recommending the Notes (a “distributor”) should take into consideration the manufacturer’s target market assessment; however, a distributor subject to MiFID II is responsible for undertaking its own target market assessment in respect of the Notes (by either adopting or refining the manufacturer’s target market assessment) and determining appropriate distribution channels.

UK MiFIR product governance / Professional investors and ECPs only target market — Solely for the purposes of the manufacturer’s product approval process, the target market assessment in respect of the Notes has led to the conclusion that: (i) the target market for the Notes is eligible counterparties, as defined in the FCA Handbook Conduct of Business Sourcebook, and professional clients, each as defined in Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (“UK MiFIR”); and (ii) all channels for distribution of the Notes to eligible counterparties and professional clients are appropriate. Any person subsequently offering, selling or recommending the Notes (a “distributor”) should take into consideration the manufacturer’s target market assessment; however, a distributor subject to the FCA Handbook Product Intervention and Product Governance Sourcebook (the “UK MiFIR Product Governance Rules”) is responsible for undertaking its own target market assessment in respect of the Notes (by either adopting or refining the manufacturer’s target market assessment) and determining appropriate distribution channels.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The information in this prospectus supplement is in addition to the information contained in our accompanying prospectus dated May 27, 2026. The accompanying prospectus contains information regarding

 

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ourselves and Korea, as well as a description of some terms of the Notes. You can find further information regarding us, Korea, and the Notes in registration statement no. 333-295926, as amended, relating to our debt securities, with or without warrants, and guarantees, which is on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT

We are responsible for the accuracy of the information in this document and confirm that to the best of our knowledge we have included all facts that should be included not to mislead potential investors. The address of our registered office is 38 Eunhaeng-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07242, The Republic of Korea. The SGX-ST assumes no responsibility for the correctness of any of the statements made, opinions expressed or reports contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and assumes no liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Approval in-principle from, admission to the Official List of, and listing and quotation of any Notes on, the SGX-ST are not to be taken as an indication of the merits of the issuer or the Notes.

IMPORTANT NOTICE TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS

Prospective investors should be aware that certain intermediaries in the context of this offering of the Notes, including certain underwriters, are “capital market intermediaries” (“CMIs”) subject to Paragraph 21 of the Code of Conduct for Persons Licensed by or Registered with the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong (the “SFC Code”). This notice to prospective investors is a summary of certain obligations the SFC Code imposes on such CMIs, which require the attention and cooperation of prospective investors. Certain CMIs may also be acting as “overall coordinators” (“OCs”) for this offering and are subject to additional requirements under the SFC Code.

Prospective investors who are the directors, employees or major shareholders of The Export-Import Bank of Korea (the “Issuer”), a CMI or its group companies would be considered under the SFC Code as having an association (“Association”) with the Issuer, the CMI or the relevant group company. Prospective investors associated with the Issuer or any CMI (including its group companies) should specifically disclose this when placing an order for the Notes and should disclose, at the same time, if such orders may negatively impact the price discovery process in relation to this offering.

Prospective investors who do not disclose their Associations are hereby deemed not to be so associated. Where prospective investors disclose their Associations but do not disclose that such order may negatively impact the price discovery process in relation to this offering, such order is hereby deemed not to negatively impact the price discovery process in relation to this offering. Prospective investors should ensure, and by placing an order prospective investors are deemed to confirm, that orders placed are bona fide, are not inflated and do not constitute duplicated orders (i.e., two or more corresponding or identical orders placed via two or more CMIs). If a prospective investor is an asset management arm affiliated with any underwriter, such prospective investor should indicate when placing an order if it is for a fund or portfolio where the underwriter or its group company has more than a 50 per cent. interest, in which case it will be classified as a “proprietary order” and subject to appropriate handling by CMIs in accordance with the SFC Code and should disclose, at the same time, if such “proprietary order” may negatively impact the price discovery process in relation to this offering. Prospective investors who do not indicate this information when placing an order are hereby deemed to confirm that their order is not a “proprietary order”. If a prospective investor is otherwise affiliated with any underwriter, such that its order may be considered to be a “proprietary order” (pursuant to the SFC Code), such prospective investor should indicate to the relevant underwriter when placing such order. Prospective investors who do not indicate this information when placing an order are hereby deemed to confirm that their order is not a

 

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“proprietary order”. Where prospective investors disclose such information but do not disclose that such “proprietary order” may negatively impact the price discovery process in relation to this offering, such “proprietary order” is hereby deemed not to negatively impact the price discovery process in relation to this offering.

Prospective investors should be aware that certain information may be disclosed by CMIs (including private banks) which is personal and/or confidential in nature to the prospective investor. By placing an order, prospective investors are deemed to have understood and consented to the collection, disclosure, use and transfer of such information by the underwriters and/or any other third parties as may be required by the SFC Code, including to the Issuer, any OCs, relevant regulators and/or any other third parties as may be required by the SFC Code, it being understood and agreed that such information shall only be used for the purpose of complying with the SFC Code, during the bookbuilding process for this offering. Failure to provide such information may result in that order being rejected.

Notice to investors in Singapore: By accepting this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, if you are an investor in Singapore, you: (I) represent and warrant that you are either (1) an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 of Singapore (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA; or (2) an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA) pursuant to and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA, and (II) agree to be bound by the limitations and restrictions described herein.

UK FINANCIAL PROMOTION LEGEND

This communication is only being distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom or (ii) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the “Order”) or (iii) high net worth companies, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”). The Notes are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such Notes will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.

NOT AN OFFER IF PROHIBITED BY LAW

The distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and the offer of the Notes, may be legally restricted in some countries. If you wish to distribute this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, you should observe any restrictions. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus should not be considered an offer and it is prohibited to use them to make an offer, in any state or country which prohibits the offering.

The Notes may not be offered or sold in Korea, directly or indirectly, or to any resident of Korea, except as permitted by Korean law. For more information, see “Underwriting—Foreign Selling Restrictions.”

INFORMATION PRESENTED ACCURATE AS OF DATE OF DOCUMENT

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are the only documents on which you should rely for information about the offering. This prospectus supplement may only be used for the purposes for which it has been published. We have authorized no one to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of each document.

 

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SUMMARY OF THE OFFERING

This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand the terms of our Notes, you should carefully read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

The Notes

We are offering US$    aggregate principal amount of  % green notes due July  , 20  (the “20  Green Notes”) and US$    aggregate principal amount of  % notes due July  , 20  (the “20  Notes,” and together with the 20  Green Notes, the “Notes”).

The 20  Green Notes will bear interest at a rate of  % per annum, payable semi-annually in arrear on January   and July   of each year. The first interest payment on the 20  Green Notes will be made on January  , 2027 in respect of the period from (and including) July  , 2026 to (but excluding) January  , 2027. Interest on the 20  Green Notes will accrue from July  , 2026 and will be computed based on a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. See “Description of the Notes—Payment of Principal and Interest—20  Green Notes.”

The 20  Notes will bear interest at a rate of  % per annum, payable semi-annually in arrear on January   and July   of each year. The first interest payment on the 20  Notes will be made on January  , 2027 in respect of the period from (and including) July  , 2026 to (but excluding) January  , 2027. Interest on the 20  Notes will accrue from July  , 2026 and will be computed based on a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. See “Description of the Notes—Payment of Principal and Interest—20  Notes.”

The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of US$200,000 principal amount and integral multiples of US$1,000 in excess thereof. The Notes will be represented by one or more global notes registered in the name of a nominee of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), as depositary.

We do not have any right to redeem the Notes prior to maturity.

Listing

Applications will be made to the SGX-ST for the listing and quotation of the Notes on the SGX-ST. The SGX-ST assumes no responsibility for the correctness of any of the statements made, opinions expressed or reports contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Approval in-principle from, admission to the Official List of, and listing and quotation of any Notes on, the SGX-ST are not to be taken as an indication of the merits of the issuer or the Notes. For so long as the Notes are listed on the SGX-ST and the rules of the SGX-ST so require, the Notes, if traded on the SGX-ST, will be traded in a minimum board lot size of S$200,000 (or its equivalent in foreign currencies). Accordingly, the Notes, if traded on the SGX-ST, will be traded in a minimum board lot size of US$200,000. Applications will also be made for listing of the Notes on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and to have the Notes admitted to trading on the Euro MTF Market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. No assurance can be given that such applications will be approved or that such listings will be maintained.

Form and Settlement

We will issue each series of the Notes in the form of one or more fully registered global notes, registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Except as described in the accompanying prospectus under “Description of the Securities—Description of Debt Securities—Global Securities,” the global notes will not be exchangeable for Notes in definitive registered form, and will not be issued in definitive registered form. Financial institutions, acting as direct and indirect participants in DTC, will represent your beneficial interests in the global notes. These financial institutions will record the ownership and transfer of your beneficial interest through book-entry accounts. You may hold your beneficial interests in the Notes through Euroclear Bank SA/NV (“Euroclear”) and

 

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Clearstream Banking, S.A. (“Clearstream”) if you are a participant in such systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Any secondary market trading of book-entry interests in the Notes will take place through DTC participants, including Euroclear and Clearstream. See “Clearance and Settlement—Transfers Within and Between DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream.”

Further Issues

We may from time to time, without the consent of the holders of the Notes, create and issue additional debt securities with the same terms and conditions as the Notes in all respects so that such further issue shall be consolidated and form a single series with the Notes. We will not issue any such additional debt securities unless the issuance would constitute a “qualified reopening” for U.S. federal income tax purposes or such additional debt securities would otherwise be part of the same “issue” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Delivery of the Notes

We expect to make delivery of the Notes, against payment in same-day funds on or about July  , 2026, which we expect will be the   business day following the date of this prospectus supplement, referred to as “T+ .” You should note that initial trading of the Notes may be affected by the T+  settlement. See “Underwriting—Delivery of the Notes.”

Underwriting

Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited will offer the Notes in the United States through their registered broker-dealer affiliates in the United States, Crédit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc. and HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., respectively.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

The 20  Green Notes

Use of Proceeds from the Sale of the 20  Green Notes

We will use an amount equal to the net proceeds from the sale of the 20  Green Notes to finance or refinance, in whole or in part, new or existing projects or assets related to the Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets (as defined below), as set forth in our Sustainable Finance Framework, which may be updated from time to time and is currently in alignment with the Green Bond Principles 2025 published by the International Capital Markets Association.

The net proceeds from the sale of the 20  Green Notes can be used for the re-financing of operating expenses with a look-back period of 36 months.

Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets include projects or assets related to: (i) renewable energy, (ii) energy efficiency, (iii) clean transportation, (iv) pollution prevention and control, (v) sustainable marine transportation, (vi) sustainable water and wastewater management, (vii) climate change adaptation and resilience and (viii) green buildings, as more fully explained below:

 

•

Renewable energy: (1) projects that support the development, construction, installation, operation, transmission and/or storage of renewable electricity generation (including solar energy, wind energy, marine energy, hydropower, bioenergy and geothermal energy for electricity generation, battery and other energy storage systems for renewable energy projects and assets and projects supporting the hydrogen production value chain, and supporting vessels that are needed for the installation and ongoing operation and maintenance of offshore winds) and infrastructure dedicated to connecting renewable energy production and storage units to the grid (including powerlines and related infrastructure such as substations), and (2) green-enabling projects that align with the Green Enabling Projects Guidance (2024) of the International Capital Markets Association (“Green-enabling Projects”), including the manufacture of power cables for electric grid expansion and upgrades that enable the decarbonization of electricity, grid upgrades and investments that indirectly enable the deployment of renewable energy and extraction, refining and processing of mineral resources and raw materials that support renewable energy value chains;

 

•

Energy efficiency: (1) projects aimed at developing and manufacturing infrastructure, equipment and technology that improve energy efficiency, including but not limited to battery facilities, energy storage facilities, smart grid technologies, waste heat recovery technologies and energy management systems, developing technologies such as LED lighting and smart meters for households to improve energy performance, software and hardware investments that reduce total energy consumption, and modernization of broadband networks, and (2) Green-enabling Projects, including extraction, refining and processing of mineral resources that support the battery energy storage systems value chain;

 

•

Clean transportation: (1) projects aimed at developing and manufacturing low-carbon passenger and freight transportation or related infrastructure, including but not limited to passenger non-public transportation, passenger public transportation, freight rail and road freight, as well as developing, manufacturing and recycling of rechargeable batteries and fuel cell for clean transportation; and (2) Green-enabling Projects, including extraction, refining and processing of mineral resources that is necessary for the electric vehicle battery value chain;

 

•

Pollution prevention and control: projects aimed at developing, manufacturing, installing and/or operating infrastructure, equipment and technology that prevent, reduce, control or remediate pollution, including waste management and recycling, reuse of materials and organic waste treatment;

 

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•

Sustainable marine transportation: projects aimed at investments and expenditures related to the construction, design and maintenance of clean and sustainable vessels (“CSVs”), with such CSVs attaining certain criteria established by the EU Taxonomy, the retrofitting of engines of existing vessels with alternative fuels, infrastructure (including ports) which is dedicated to refueling or recharging of CSVs, charging stations and refueling assets dedicated to the supply of electric energy to power and propel ships and hydrogen-based refueling;

 

•

Sustainable water and wastewater management: projects aimed at developing, manufacturing, installing and/or operating infrastructure, equipment and technology for sustainable water supply, wastewater treatment and protection of water resources, including provision of clean and/or drinking water, wastewater treatment, prevention of water pollution, increase of water-use efficiency, restoration of hydroecological systems and seawater desalination plants;

 

•

Climate change adaptation and resilience: projects that reduce physical climate risks and vulnerability to climate change in the relevant project area, based on an assessment of material climate hazards, including climate information and decision-support systems, flood risk management and resilience measures and resilience upgrades to critical infrastructure to maintain service continuity under climate stress; and

 

•

Green buildings: projects involving the acquisition, new construction, renovation, maintenance or operation of new or existing commercial and/or residential buildings or logistics centers that have received, or are expected to receive, certain green building label/certification, and the construction or retrofitting of energy-efficient data centers with power usage effectiveness of 1.2 or below.

Project Evaluation and Selection Process

Under our project evaluation and selection process, the Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets will be identified and selected using the criteria indicated above by our Sustainable Finance Working Group, which is composed of representatives from our Treasury, ESG Management, Credit Policy, Engineering & Environment Advisory and Finance departments. The Sustainable Finance Working Group will review and monitor the allocation of the amount equal to the net proceeds from the sale of the 20  Green Notes on an annual basis, and as necessary, to ensure that such funds are allocated to Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets in accordance with our Sustainable Finance Framework.

Management of Proceeds

An amount equal to the net proceeds from the issue of the 20  Green Notes will be deposited in our general funding accounts and earmarked for allocation to Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets. We will monitor and track the allocation of the amount equal to the net proceeds from the 20  Green Notes through our internal records. Any balance of such funds not yet allocated to Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets may be managed in cash or cash equivalents or used to repay existing borrowings under our general credit facilities.

Reporting

We will publish a report on the allocation of the amount equal to the net proceeds from the sale of the 20  Green Notes within one year from the date of issuance of the 20  Green Notes and annually thereafter until all such funds have been fully allocated, and as necessary in the event of any material developments. Such reports will include allocation information, such as the aggregate amount allocated to Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets, examples of such Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets (subject to our confidentiality obligations) and the remaining balance of unallocated proceeds. Impact reporting will be disclosed where possible and will include relevant environmental impacts associated with the Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets that were funded with the amount equal to the net proceeds from the sale of the 20  Green Notes (the “Impact Reports”).

 

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External Review

Moody’s Ratings, an external consultant, has issued an opinion dated June 29, 2026 on our Sustainable Finance Framework (the “Second Party Opinion”). An independent verifier will also be issuing verification reports (“Verification Reports”) on the allocation of an amount equal to the net proceeds from the issue of the 20  Green Notes on an annual basis, and more frequently in case of any material changes, starting one year after the issuance of the 20  Green Notes until full allocation. Our Sustainable Finance Framework, the Second Party Opinion and the Impact Reports are, and the Verification Reports will be, publicly available on the following website: https://www.koreaexim.go.kr/he/HPHEOM036M01.

Investment Considerations

The 20  Green Notes may not be a suitable investment for all investors seeking exposure to “green” assets. We will allocate an amount equivalent to the net proceeds from the issuance of the 20  Green Notes to finance or refinance, in whole or in part, new or existing Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets as described in “Use of Proceeds from the Sale of the 20  Green Notes” above in accordance with our Sustainable Finance Framework, which may be updated from time to time and is currently in alignment with the Green Bond Principles 2025 published by the International Capital Markets Association. The examples of Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets provided in “Use of Proceeds from the Sale of the 20  Green Notes” above are for illustrative purposes only and no assurance can be provided by us or any of the Underwriters that disbursements for projects with these specific characteristics will be made by us during the term of the 20  Green Notes. Our Sustainable Finance Framework is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.

There is currently no market consensus on what precise attributes are required for a particular project or series of notes to be defined as “green,” and therefore, no assurance can be provided by us or any of the Underwriters to potential investors that selected Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets will continue to meet the relevant eligibility criteria or any present or future investor expectations or requirements regarding environmental performance. Although Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets are expected to be selected in accordance with the categories recognized under our Sustainable Finance Framework and are expected to be developed in accordance with relevant legislation and standards, there can be no guarantee that the projects will deliver the environmental benefits as anticipated, or that adverse environmental impacts will not occur during the design, construction, commissioning and operation of any such projects. In addition, where any negative impacts are insufficiently mitigated, the projects may become controversial and may be criticized by activist groups or other stakeholders.

The Second Party Opinion may not reflect the potential impact of all risks related to the structure, market, additional risks discussed above and other factors that may affect the value of the 20  Green Notes. The Second Party Opinion is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and is only current as of the date that the Second Party Opinion was initially issued and may be updated, suspended or withdrawn at any time.

Currently, the providers of second party opinions and certifications are not subject to any regulatory regime or oversight. In addition, although we have agreed to certain reporting and use of proceeds obligations in connection with certain environmental criteria, our failure to comply with such obligations does not constitute a breach or an event of default under the 20  Green Notes. A withdrawal of the Second Party Opinion or any failure by us to use an amount equivalent to the net proceeds from the issuance of the 20  Green Notes on Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets or to meet or continue to meet the investment requirements of certain environmentally-focused investors with respect to the 20  Green Notes may affect the value of the 20  Green Notes and may have consequences for certain investors with portfolio mandates to invest in “green” assets. The Second Party Opinion is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.

 

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In the event that the 20  Green Notes are included in any dedicated “green,” “environmental” or other similarly-labelled index, no assurance is given by us or any other person that such listing or admission, or inclusion in such index, satisfies any present or future investor expectations or requirements as regards to any investment criteria or guidelines with which such investor or its investments are required to comply, whether by any present or future applicable laws or regulations or by its own constitutive documents or other governing rules or investment portfolio mandates. Each potential investor should carefully consider the factors described in the Sustainable Finance Framework. None of us or the Underwriters make any representation as to whether the 20  Green Notes fulfil the relevant environmental criteria or that an amount equal to the net proceeds from the sale of the 20  Green Notes will be used for Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets. Moreover, no assurance can be provided with respect to the suitability or reliability of the Second Party Opinion or that the 20  Green Notes will fulfil the criteria to qualify as “green” bonds. The Underwriters have not undertaken, nor are they responsible for, any assessment of the eligibility of the projects within the definition of Eligible Green/Green enabling Projects or Assets or the monitoring of the use of proceeds from the offering of the 20  Green Notes. Each potential purchaser of the 20  Green Notes should determine for itself the relevance of the information contained in this prospectus supplement regarding the use of proceeds and its purchase of the 20  Green Notes should be based upon such investigation as it deems necessary.

The 20  Notes

We will use the net proceeds from the sale of the 20  Notes for our general operations, including extending foreign currency loans and repayment of our maturing debt and other obligations.

 

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

This section provides information that supplements the information about our bank and the Republic included under the headings corresponding to the headings below in the accompanying prospectus dated May 27, 2026. Defined terms used in this section have the meanings given to them in the accompanying prospectus. If the information in this section differs from the information in the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information in this section.

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

Unless specified otherwise, the information provided below is stated on a separate basis in accordance with K-IFRS. Our financial information as of March 31, 2026 and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 in this prospectus supplement is presented based on our unaudited internal management accounts.

Overview

As of March 31, 2026, we had W97,002 billion of outstanding loans, including W43,008 billion of outstanding export credits, W38,512 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and W12,901 billion of outstanding import credits, as compared to W91,662 billion of outstanding loans, including W40,005 billion of outstanding export credits, W37,383 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and W12,112 billion of outstanding import credits as of December 31, 2025.

Capitalization

As of March 31, 2026, our authorized capital was W25,000 billion and our capitalization was as follows:

 

		March 31, 2026(1)
		(billions of Won) (unaudited)
Long-Term Debt(2)(3)(4)(5)(6):
Borrowings in Korean Won			W  —
Borrowings in Foreign Currencies			2,160
Export-Import Financing Debentures			64,471
Total Long-term Debt			W66,630
Capital and Reserves:
Capital Stock(7)			W17,183
Additional Paid-in Capital			—
Capital Adjustments			(154	)
Retained Earnings			4,256
Legal Reserve(8)			878
Voluntary Reserve(8)			3,182
Regulatory Reserve for Loan Losses(9)			0
Unappropriated Retained Earnings			196
Other Components of Equity			4,558
Total Capital and Reserves			W25,843
Total Capitalization			W92,473

(1)	Except as described in this prospectus supplement, there has been no material adverse change in our capitalization since March 31, 2026.

(2)	Consists of borrowings and debentures with maturities of more than a year remaining.

(3)	We have translated borrowings in foreign currencies as of March 31, 2026 into Won at the rate of W1,513.4 to US$1.00, which was the market average exchange rate as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services Ltd., on March 31, 2026.

 

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(4)	As of March 31, 2026, we had contingent liabilities totaling W64,025 billion, which consisted of W53,250 billion under outstanding guarantees and acceptances and W10,775 billion under contingent guarantees and acceptances issued on behalf of our clients.

(5)	As of March 31, 2026, we had entered into 959 interest rate related derivative contracts with a notional amount of W99,434 billion and 481 currency related derivative contracts with a notional amount of W42,053 billion in accordance with our policy to hedge interest rate and currency risks.

(6)	See “The Export-Import Bank of Korea—Description of Assets and Liabilities—Sources of Funding” of the accompanying prospectus for an explanation of these sources of funds. All of our borrowings, whether domestic or international, are unsecured and unguaranteed.

(7)	As of March 31, 2026, our authorized ordinary share capital was W25,000 billion and issued fully-paid ordinary share capital was W17,183 billion. For more information, see “The Export-Import Bank of Korea—Business—Government Support and Supervision” of the accompanying prospectus.

(8)	See “The Export-Import Bank of Korea—Business—Government Support and Supervision” of the accompanying prospectus for a description of the manner in which annual net income is transferred to the legal reserve and may be transferred to the voluntary reserve.

(9)	If the estimated allowance for credit loss determined by K-IFRS for accounting purposes is lower than that for regulatory purposes as required by Regulation on Supervision of Banking Business, we reserve such difference as regulatory reserve for loan losses.

Government Support

In March 2026, the Government contributed W10 billion in cash to our capital.

Selected Financial Statement Data

The following tables present selected separate financial information as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, which has been derived from our unaudited separate internal management accounts as of March 31, 2026 and for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 prepared in accordance with K-IFRS.

 

		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2026				2025
		(billions of Won)
		(unaudited)
Income Statement Data
Total Interest Income			W    1,222				W    1,366
Total Interest Expense			968				1,126
Net Interest Income			253				240
Operating Income			273				462
Income before Income Tax			270				462
Income Tax Expense			74				122
Net Income			196				340

 

		As of March 31, 2026 (unaudited)				As of December 31, 2025
		(billions of Won)
Balance Sheet Data
Total Loan Credits(1)			W   96,998				W   91,662
Total Borrowings(2)			103,918				97,034
Total Assets			139,427				131,772
Total Liabilities			113,585				105,476
Total Shareholders’ Equity			25,842				26,296

(1)

Gross amount, including domestic usance bills, foreign currency bills bought, advance payments on acceptances and guarantees, call loans, inter-bank loans in foreign currency, private placement corporate bonds in local currency and others and before deducting allowance for loan losses and net deferred loan origination fees and costs.

(2)	Includes debentures.

 

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For the first three months of 2026, we had net income of W196 billion compared to W340 billion for the first three months of 2025. The principal factors for the decrease in net income included:

 

•

a change in net other operating income (expense) to a net expense of W89 billion for the first three months of 2026 from a net income of W15 billion for the corresponding period of 2025, mainly reflecting contributions to government funds; and

 

•

a change in net gain (loss) on derivatives and foreign currency positions to a net loss of W5 billion for the first three months of 2026 from a net gain of W91 billion for the corresponding period of 2025, primarily due to the disposal of U.S. dollars held by us, which eliminated the underlying exchange exposure as well as the related gains that resulted from such exposure.

The above factors were offset in part by a decrease in income tax expenses to W74 billion for the first three months of 2026 from W122 billion for the corresponding period of 2025, primarily due to a decrease in income before income tax to W270 billion for the first three months of 2026 from W462 billion for the corresponding period of 2025.

As of March 31, 2026, our total assets increased to W139,427 billion from W131,772 billion as of December 31, 2025, primarily due to an increase in Loan Credits to W96,998 billion as of March 31, 2026 from W91,662 billion as of December 31, 2025 and an increase in cash and due from financial institutions to W9,377 billion as of March 31, 2026 from W7,628 billion as of December 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2026, our total liabilities increased to W113,585 billion from W105,476 billion as of December 31, 2025, primarily due to an increase in debentures to W97,654 billion as of March 31, 2026 from W91,591 billion as of December 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2026, our total shareholders’ equity decreased to W25,842 billion from W26,296 billion as of December 31, 2025, primarily due to a decrease in retained earnings to W4,256 billion as of March 31, 2026 from W4,680 billion as of December 31, 2025.

Debt

Debt Repayment Schedule

The following table sets out the principal repayment schedule for our debt outstanding as of March 31, 2026:

Debt Principal Repayment Schedule

 

Maturing on or before December 31,

Currency(1)

2026

2027

2028

2029

Thereafter

(billions of won)

Won

W 15,820

W  7,440

W  2,570

W    770

W  1,260

Foreign(2)

13,999

16,584

12,702

7,607

25,912

Total Won Equivalent

W 29,819

W 24,024

W 15,272

W  8,377

W 27,172

(1)	Borrowings in foreign currency have been translated into Won at the market average exchange rates on March 31, 2026, as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services Ltd.

(2)	This figure includes debentures, bank loans, commercial papers and repurchase agreements.

As of March 31, 2026, our foreign currency assets maturing within three months, six months and one year exceeded our foreign currency liabilities coming due within such periods by US$7,697 million, US$7,907 million and US$6,363 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, our total foreign currency liabilities exceeded our total foreign currency assets by US$1,279 million.

 

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Management and Employees

Management

The members of our Board of Directors are currently as follows:

 

Name		Board Member Since		Position
Kiyeon Hwang		October 1, 2023		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jong-Hyuck Ahn		December 30, 2023		Deputy Chief Executive Officer
Yangho Ahn		October 2, 2024		Independent Director
Haesun Park		October 2, 2024		Independent Director

 

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THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

The Economy

Gross Domestic Product

Based on preliminary data, GDP growth in the first three months of 2026 was 3.8% at chained 2020 year prices, primarily due to an 11.8% increase in exports of goods and services and a 2.8% increase in aggregate private and general government consumption expenditures, the effects of which were offset in significant part by an 8.5% increase in imports of goods and services, each compared with the corresponding period of 2025.

Principal Sectors of the Economy

Prices, Wages and Employment

Based on preliminary data, the inflation rate was 2.1% and the unemployment rate was 3.5% in the first three months of 2026.

The Financial System

Securities Markets

The Korea Composite Stock Price Index was 8,476.2 on May 29, 2026, 8,476.5 on June 30, 2026 and 7,246.8 on July 8, 2026.

Monetary Policy

Foreign Exchange

The market average exchange rate between the Won and the U.S. Dollar (in Won per one U.S. Dollar) as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Service Ltd. was Won 1,505.8 to US$1.00 on May 29, 2026, Won 1,541.5 to US$1.00 on June 30, 2026 and Won 1,526.6 to US$1.00 on July 8, 2026.

Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade

Balance of Payments

Based on preliminary data, the Republic’s current account surplus in the first three months of 2026 increased to US$74.4 billion from the current account surplus of US$19.5 billion in the corresponding period of 2025, primarily due to a significant increase in surplus from the goods account.

Trade Balance

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded a trade surplus of US$50.4 billion in the first three months of 2026. Exports increased by 37.8% to US$219.9 billion in the first three months of 2026 from US$159.5 billion in the corresponding period of 2025, primarily due to a substantial growth in demand for semiconductor products globally. Imports increased by 10.9% to US$169.4 billion in the first three months of 2026 from US$152.8 billion in the corresponding period of 2025, primarily due to an increase in imports of semiconductor manufacturing equipment.

Foreign Currency Reserves

The amount of the Government’s foreign currency reserves was US$427.0 billion as of May 29, 2026.

 

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Government Finance

Effective January 2, 2026, the responsibility of preparing the Government budget and administering the Government’s finances has been transferred from the Ministry of Economy and Finance (re-named to the Ministry of Finance and Economy in February 2026) to the Ministry of Planning and Budget, a new ministry established under the Prime Minister’s Office.

Under the National Finance Act, the Government’s fiscal year commences on January 1. The Government must submit the budget, which is drafted by the Minister of Planning and Budget and approved by the President of the Republic, to the National Assembly not later than 120 days prior to the start of the fiscal year, and may submit supplementary budgets revising the original budget at any time during the fiscal year.

2024 budgeted revenues decreased by 2.6% to W573.3 trillion from W588.6 trillion in 2023, led by a decrease in budgeted tax revenues (including taxes on income, profits and capital gains). 2024 budgeted expenditures and net lending increased by 2.7% to W617.7 trillion from W601.6 trillion in 2023, led by increases in budgeted expenditures on revitalization of the economy. The 2024 budget anticipated a W44.4 trillion budget deficit.

2025 budgeted revenues increased by 4.7% to W600.3 trillion from W573.3 trillion in 2024, led by increases in budgeted tax revenues (including taxes on income, profits and capital gains). 2025 budgeted expenditures and net lending increased by 7.0% to W661.1 trillion from W617.7 trillion in 2024, led by increases in budgeted expenditures on revitalization of the economy, including through supplementary budgets. The 2025 budget anticipated a W60.8 trillion budget deficit.

Based on preliminary data, 2026 budgeted revenues increased by 5.6% to W633.9 trillion from W600.3 trillion in 2025, led by increases in budgeted tax revenues (including taxes on income, profits and capital gains). 2026 budgeted expenditures and net lending increased by 3.8% to W686.6 trillion from W661.1 trillion in 2025, led by increases in budgeted expenditures on revitalization of the economy. The 2026 budget anticipated a W52.7 trillion budget deficit.

Beginning in March 2020, the National Assembly approved a series of supplementary budgets as part of the Government’s efforts to mitigate adverse effects on the Korean economy resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. See “—The Economy—Worldwide Economic and Financial Difficulties”. These supplementary budgets, which amounted to W66.8 trillion in 2020, W49.8 trillion in 2021 and W78.9 trillion in 2022, were some of the largest of their kind drawn up in response to an outbreak of an infectious disease in Korea. The supplementary budgets were funded through the issuance of treasury bonds by the Government, The Bank of Korea’s unappropriated surplus and other surplus funds available to the Government, among others.

Any significant increase in additional spending measures may lead to a budget deficit for 2026, which could result in a deterioration in the Government’s fiscal position and an increase in borrowings.

 

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The following table shows consolidated Government revenues and expenditures:

Consolidated Central Government Revenues and Expenditures

 

		Actual																				Budget
		2021				2022				2023				2024				2025(1)				2024				2025				2026(1)
		(billions of Won)
Total Revenues			537,619				588,332				543,586				560,088				603,603				573,261				600,296				633,871
Current Revenues			534,999				585,325				539,887				556,122				600,328				569,507				592,008				629,053
Total Tax Revenues			422,182				479,384				432,989				429,335				469,826				459,643				468,581				492,274
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains			184,509				232,319				196,253				179,929				215,062				203,425				210,386				218,568
Social security contributions			78,104				83,444				88,918				92,802				95,907				92,329				96,496				102,040
Tax on property			31,392				27,696				25,311				24,243				24,577				24,149				23,411				27,015
Taxes on goods and services			99,840				105,828				97,008				105,610				104,140				110,503				109,288				115,596
Taxes on international trade and transaction			8,227				10,324				7,288				6,972				7,641				8,907				8,409				7,221
Other tax			20,110				19,773				18,211				19,778				22,499				20,330				20,591				21,833
Non-Tax Revenues			112,818				105,941				106,898				126,787				130,502				109,864				123,427				136,780
Operating surpluses of departmental enterprise sales and property income			56,664				47,459				42,537				56,969				63,319				41,432				53,223				61,679
Administration fees & charges and non-industrial sales			10,865				11,434				12,428				12,787				13,645				13,357				13,913				15,062
Fines and forfeits			26,993				28,276				29,752				32,997				28,568				30,829				31,132				34,422
Contributions to government employee pension fund			14,918				16,348				18,149				19,988				21,020				20,322				21,196				22,010
Current revenue of non-financial public enterprises			3,378				2,425				4,032				4,046				3,950				3,925				3,964				3,607
Capital Revenues			2,620				3,007				3,700				3,966				3,275				3,754				8,288				4,818
Total Expenditures and Net Lending			568,113				652,902				580,354				603,609				650,280				617,664				661,124				686,564
Total Expenditures			538,034				622,997				559,707				580,113				635,459				593,643				639,168				665,473
Current Expenditures			502,191				585,593				523,270				542,859				596,214				553,669				598,070				623,402
Expenditure on goods and service			88,144				89,759				90,389				93,217				93,908				98,053				99,743				104,783
Interest payment			15,431				18,481				22,362				26,310				28,949				24,968				27,961				31,751
Subsidies and other current transfers			395,826				473,661				405,733				417,643				467,511				425,078				464,799				481,748
Current expenditure of non-financial public enterprises			2,790				3,692				4,785				5,688				5,847				5,570				5,567				5,119
Capital Expenditures			35,842				37,404				36,437				37,254				39,245				39,974				41,099				42,071
Net Lending			30,079				29,905				20,647				23,496				14,821				24,021				21,955				21,092

(1)	Preliminary.

Source: Ministry of Finance and Economy; The Bank of Korea; Korea National Statistical Office

The consolidated Government account consists of a General Account, Special Accounts (including a non-financial public enterprise special account) and Public Funds. The Government segregates the accounts of certain functions of the Government into Special Accounts and Public Funds for more effective administration and fiscal control. The Special Accounts and Public Funds relate to business type activities, such as economic development, road and railway construction and maintenance, monopolies, and communications developments and the administration of loans received from official international financial organizations and foreign governments.

 

S-19

Revenues derive mainly from national taxes and non-tax revenues. Taxes in Korea can be roughly classified into the following types:

 

•

income tax and capital gains tax,

 

•

property tax,

 

•

value-added tax,

 

•

customs duty tax, and

 

•

other taxes.

Income tax and capital gains tax are imposed on income derived from labor, business operation and ownership of assets and profits derived from capital appreciation. Income tax and capital gains tax, depending on the type of taxpayer, can be further classified into corporate income tax and individual income tax. Property tax is imposed on exchange or ownership of property and includes inheritance tax and gift tax. Value-added tax is imposed on value added to goods and services. Customs duty tax is imposed on imported goods. Other taxes include tax on certain securities transactions and a stamp tax for certain documents.

Expenditures include general administration, national defense, community service, education, health, social security, certain annuities and pensions and local finance, which involves the transfer of tax revenues to local governments.

For 2021, the Republic recorded total revenues of W537.6 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of W568.1 trillion. The Republic had a fiscal deficit of W30.5 trillion in 2021.

For 2022, the Republic recorded total revenues of W588.3 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of W652.9 trillion. The Republic had a fiscal deficit of W64.6 trillion in 2022.

For 2023, the Republic recorded total revenues of W543.6 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of W580.4 trillion. The Republic had a fiscal deficit of W36.8 trillion in 2023.

For 2024, the Republic recorded total revenues of W560.1 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of W603.6 trillion. The Republic had a fiscal deficit of W43.5 trillion in 2024.

Based on preliminary data, the Republic recorded total revenues of W603.6 trillion and total expenditures and net lending of W650.3 trillion in 2025. The Republic had a fiscal deficit of W46.7 trillion in 2025.

Debt

The Government estimates that the total outstanding debt of the Government (including guarantees by the Government) as of December 31, 2024 amounted to approximately W1,150.9 trillion, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year.

The Government estimates that the total outstanding debt of the Government (including guarantees by the Government) as of December 31, 2025 amounted to approximately W1,267.8 trillion, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year.

Effective January 2, 2026, the responsibility of administering the national debt of the Republic has been transferred from the Ministry of Finance and Economy to the Ministry of Planning and Budget.

 

S-20

External and Internal Debt of the Government

The following table sets out, by currency and the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars, the estimated outstanding direct external debt of the Government as of December 31, 2025:

Direct External Debt of the Government

 

		Amount in Original Currency				Equivalent Amount in U.S. Dollars(1)
		(millions)
US$		US$	7,125.0			US$	7,125.0
Euro (EUR)		EUR	2,100.0				2,467.1
Total						US$	9,592.1

(1)	Amounts expressed in currencies other than US$ are converted to US$ at the arbitrage rate announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. in effect on December 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes, as of December 31 of the years indicated, the outstanding direct internal debt of the Republic:

Direct Internal Debt of the Government

 

		(billions of Won)
2021			927,865.2
2022			1,021,574.4
2023			1,080,844.4
2024			1,128,191.5
2025			1,238,498.3

The following table sets out all guarantees by the Government of indebtedness of others:

Guarantees by the Government

 

		December 31,
		2021				2022				2023				2024				2025
		(billions of Won)
Domestic			10,930.0				10,620.0				10,460.0				10,960.0				15,620.0
External(1)			—				—				—				—				—
Total			10,930.0				10,620.0				10,460.0				10,960.0				15,620.0

(1)	Converted to Won at foreign exchange banks’ telegraphed transfer selling rates to customers or the market average exchange rates in effect on December 31 of each year.

 

S-21

External Liabilities

The following tables set out certain information regarding the Republic’s external liabilities calculated under the criteria based on the sixth edition of the Balance of Payment Manual published by the International Monetary Fund in December 2010 and implemented by the Government in December 2013. Under BPM6, in particular, prepayments received in connection with the construction of ships are excluded from the external liabilities.

 

		December 31,
		2021				2022				2023				2024				2025(1)
		(billions of dollars)
Long-term Liabilities			465.6				499.3				535.9				526.4				587.8
General Government			144.4				153.2				170.8				160.6				199.8
Monetary Authorities			35.9				25.0				22.5				23.4				24.9
Banks			128.1				146.8				147.6				137.0				136.4
Other Sectors			157.2				174.2				194.9				205.3				226.8
Short-term Liabilities			165.1				174.0				141.5				146.5				179.0
General Government			1.6				3.9				1.6				2.5				9.3
Monetary Authorities			9.7				4.7				3.9				3.3				4.2
Banks			124.3				129.7				102.6				107.3				123.5
Other Sectors			29.6				35.6				33.4				33.5				42.1
Total External Liabilities			630.7				673.3				677.3				672.9				766.9

(1)	Preliminary.

Commitments to Assume Treasury Obligations

The Government may, if deemed necessary for recovery from disasters and calamities, make commitments to assume treasury obligations to the extent resolved by the National Assembly each fiscal year. In such cases, such commitments shall be executed in accordance with the procedures for spending reserve funds within general accounts.

Debt Record

The Government has always paid when due the full amount of principal of, interest on, and amortization of sinking fund requirements of, all of its indebtedness.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

The following is a description of some of the terms of the Notes we are offering. Since it is only a summary, we urge you to read the fiscal agency agreement described below and the form of global note before deciding whether to invest in the Notes. We have filed a copy of these documents with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to the registration statement no. 333-295926.

The general terms of our Notes are described in the accompanying prospectus. The description in this prospectus supplement further adds to that description or, to the extent inconsistent with that description, replaces it.

The Notes

We are offering US$    aggregate principal amount of  % green notes due July  , 20  (the “20  Green Notes”) and US$    aggregate principal amount of  % notes due July  , 20  (the “20  Notes,” and together with the 20  Green Notes, the “Notes”).

Governed by Fiscal Agency Agreement

We will issue the Notes under the fiscal agency agreement, dated as of August 1, 1991, between us and The Bank of New York Mellon (formerly known as The Bank of New York) (as successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.), as fiscal agent, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Fiscal Agency Agreement”). The fiscal agent will maintain a register for the Notes.

Payment of Principal and Interest

20  Green Notes

The 20  Green Notes are initially limited to US$    aggregate principal amount. The 20  Green Notes will mature on July  , 20  (the “20  Green Note Maturity Date”). The 20  Green Notes will bear interest at a rate of  % per annum, payable semi-annually in arrear on January   and July   of each year (each a “20  Green Note Interest Payment Date”). The first interest payment on the 20  Green Notes will be made on January , 2027 in respect of the period from (and including) July  , 2026 to (but excluding) January  , 2027.

Interest on the 20  Green Notes will accrue from July  , 2026. If any 20  Green Note Interest Payment Date or the 20  Green Note Maturity Date falls on a day that is not a business day (as defined below), then payment will not be made on such date but will be made on the next succeeding day that is a business day, with the same force and effect as if made on such 20  Green Note Interest Payment Date or the 20  Green Note Maturity Date (as the case may be), and no interest shall be payable in respect of such delay. The term “business day” as used herein means a day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, or any other day on which banking institutions in The City of New York, London or Seoul are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed.

We will pay interest to the person who is registered as the owner of a 20  Green Note at the close of business on the fifteenth day (whether or not a business day) preceding such Interest Payment Date. Interest on the 20  Green Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. We will make principal and interest payments on the 20  Green Notes in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars.

20  Notes

The 20  Notes are initially limited to US$    aggregate principal amount. The 20  Notes will mature on July  , 20  (the “20  Note Maturity Date”). The 20  Notes will bear interest at a rate of   % per

 

S-23

annum, payable semi-annually in arrear on January   and July   of each year (each a “20  Note Interest Payment Date”). The first interest payment on the 20  Notes will be made on January  , 2027 in respect of the period from (and including) July  , 2026 to (but excluding) January  , 2027.

Interest on the 20  Notes will accrue from July  , 2026. If any 20  Note Interest Payment Date or the 20  Note Maturity Date falls on a day that is not a business day (as defined below), then payment will not be made on such date but will be made on the next succeeding day that is a business day, with the same force and effect as if made on such 20  Note Interest Payment Date or the 20  Note Maturity Date (as the case may be), and no interest shall be payable in respect of such delay. The term “business day” as used herein means a day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, or any other day on which banking institutions in The City of New York, London or Seoul are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed.

We will pay interest to the person who is registered as the owner of a 20  Note at the close of business on the fifteenth day (whether or not a business day) preceding such Interest Payment Date. Interest on the 20  Notes will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. We will make principal and interest payments on the 20  Notes in immediately available funds in U.S. dollars.

Denomination

The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of US$200,000 principal amount and integral multiples of US$1,000 in excess thereof.

Redemption

We may not redeem the Notes prior to maturity. At maturity, we will redeem the Notes at par.

Form and Registration

The Notes will be represented by one or more fully registered global notes, which will be deposited with a custodian for, and registered in the name of a nominee of, DTC. Except as described in the accompanying prospectus under “Description of the Securities—Description of Debt Securities—Global Securities,” the global notes will not be exchangeable for Notes in definitive registered form, and will not be issued in definitive registered form. Financial institutions, acting as direct and indirect participants in DTC, will represent your beneficial interests in the global notes. These financial institutions will record the ownership and transfer of your beneficial interest through book-entry accounts. You may hold your beneficial interests in the Notes through Euroclear or Clearstream if you are a participant in such systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Any secondary market trading of book-entry interests in the Notes will take place through DTC participants, including Euroclear and Clearstream. See “Clearance and Settlement—Transfers Within and Between DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream.”

The fiscal agent will not charge you any fees for the Notes, other than reasonable fees for the replacement of lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed Notes. However, you may incur fees for the maintenance and operation of the book-entry accounts with the clearing systems in which your beneficial interests are held.

For so long as the Notes are listed on the SGX-ST and the rules of the SGX-ST so require, in the event that a global note is exchanged for Notes in definitive form, we will appoint and maintain a paying agent in Singapore, where the Notes may be presented or surrendered for payment or redemption. In addition, in the event that a global note is exchanged for Notes in definitive form, an announcement of such exchange will be made by or on behalf of us through the SGX-ST and such announcement will include all material information with respect to the delivery of the Notes in definitive form, including details of the paying agent in Singapore.

 

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Further Issues

We may from time to time, without the consent of the holders of the Notes, create and issue additional debt securities with the same terms and conditions as any series of the Notes in all respects so that such further issue shall be consolidated and form a single series with the relevant series of the Notes. We will not issue any such additional debt securities unless the issuance would constitute a “qualified reopening” for U.S. federal income tax purposes or such additional debt securities would otherwise be part of the same “issue” for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Notices

While the Notes are represented by the global note deposited with the custodian for DTC, notices to holders may be given by delivery to DTC, and such notices will be deemed to be given on the date of delivery to DTC. The fiscal agent may also mail notices by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to each registered holder’s last known address as it appears in the security register that the fiscal agent maintains. The fiscal agent will only mail these notices to the registered holder of the Notes. You will not receive notices regarding the Notes directly from us unless we reissue the Notes to you in fully certificated form.

Neither the failure to give any notice to a particular holder, nor any defect in a notice given to a particular holder, will affect the sufficiency of any notice given to another holder.

 

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CLEARANCE AND SETTLEMENT

We have obtained the information in this section from sources we believe to be reliable, including DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream. We accept responsibility only for accurately extracting information from such sources. DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream are under no obligation to perform or continue to perform the procedures described below, and they may modify or discontinue them at any time. Neither we nor the registrar will be responsible for DTC’s, Euroclear’s or Clearstream’s performance of their obligations under their rules and procedures. Nor will we or the registrar be responsible for the performance by direct or indirect participants of their obligations under their rules and procedures.

Introduction

The Depository Trust Company

DTC is:

 

•

a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;

 

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a “banking organization” under the New York Banking Law;

 

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a member of the Federal Reserve System;

 

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a “clearing corporation” under the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and

 

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a “clearing agency” registered under Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

DTC was created to hold securities for its participants and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between its participants. It does this through electronic book-entry changes in the accounts of its direct participants, eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC is owned by a number of its direct participants and by the New York Stock Exchange Inc., the American Stock Exchange, Inc. and the National Association of Securities Dealers Inc.

Euroclear and Clearstream

Like DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream hold securities for their participants and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between their participants through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts. Euroclear and Clearstream provide various services to their participants, including the safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement and lending and borrowing of internationally traded securities. Participants in Euroclear and Clearstream are financial institutions such as underwriters, securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust companies. Some of the underwriters participating in this offering are participants in Euroclear or Clearstream. Other banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies have indirect access to Euroclear or Clearstream by clearing through or maintaining a custodial relationship with a Euroclear or Clearstream participant.

Ownership of Notes through DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream

We will issue each series of the Notes in the form of one or more fully registered global notes, registered in the name of a nominee of DTC. Financial institutions, acting as direct and indirect participants in DTC, will represent your beneficial interests in the Notes. These financial institutions will record the ownership and transfer of your beneficial interests through book-entry accounts. You may also hold your beneficial interests in the Notes through Euroclear or Clearstream, if you are a participant in such systems, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in such systems. Euroclear and Clearstream will hold their participants’ beneficial interests in the global notes in their customers’ securities accounts with their depositaries. These depositaries of Euroclear and Clearstream in turn will hold such interests in their customers’ securities accounts with DTC.

 

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We and the fiscal agent generally will treat the registered holder of the Notes, initially Cede & Co., as the absolute owner of the Notes for all purposes. Once we and the fiscal agent make payments to the registered holder, we and the fiscal agent will no longer be liable on the Notes for the amounts so paid. Accordingly, if you own a beneficial interest in the global notes, you must rely on the procedures of the institutions through which you hold your interests in the Notes, including DTC, Euroclear, Clearstream and their respective participants, to exercise any of the rights granted to holders of Notes. Under existing industry practice, if you desire to take any action that Cede & Co., as the holder of the global notes, is entitled to take, then Cede & Co. would authorize the DTC participant through which you own your beneficial interest to take such action. The participant would then either authorize you to take the action or act for you on your instructions.

DTC may grant proxies or authorize its participants, or persons holding beneficial interests in the Notes through such participants, to exercise any rights of a holder or take any actions that a holder is entitled to take under the Fiscal Agency Agreement or the Notes. Euroclear’s or Clearstream’s ability to take actions as holder under the Notes or the Fiscal Agency Agreement will be limited by the ability of their respective depositaries to carry out such actions for them through DTC. Euroclear and Clearstream will take such actions only in accordance with their respective rules and procedures.

The fiscal agent will not charge you any fees for the Notes, other than reasonable fees and indemnity satisfactory to the fiscal agent for the replacement of lost, stolen, mutilated or destroyed Notes. However, you may incur fees for the maintenance and operation of the book-entry accounts with the clearing systems in which your beneficial interests are held.

Transfers Within and Between DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream

Trading Between DTC Purchasers and Sellers

DTC participants will transfer interests in the Notes among themselves in the ordinary way according to DTC rules. Participants will pay for such transfers by wire transfer. The laws of some states require certain purchasers of securities to take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to transfer beneficial interests in the global notes to such purchasers. DTC can act only on behalf of its direct participants, who in turn act on behalf of indirect participants and certain banks. Thus, your ability to pledge a beneficial interest in the global notes to persons that do not participate in the DTC system, and to take other actions, may be limited because you will not possess a physical certificate that represents your interest.

Trading Between Euroclear and/or Clearstream Participants

Participants in Euroclear and Clearstream will transfer interests in the Notes among themselves according to the rules and operating procedures of Euroclear and Clearstream.

Trading Between a DTC Seller and a Euroclear or Clearstream Purchaser

When the Notes are to be transferred from the account of a DTC participant to the account of a Euroclear or Clearstream participant, the purchaser must first send instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream through a participant at least one business day prior to the settlement date. Euroclear or Clearstream will then instruct its depositary to receive the Notes and make payment for them. On the settlement date, the depositary will make payment to the DTC participant’s account and the Notes will be credited to the depositary’s account. After settlement has been completed, DTC will credit the Notes to Euroclear or Clearstream, Euroclear or Clearstream will credit the Notes, in accordance with its usual procedures, to the participant’s account, and the participant will then credit the purchaser’s account. These securities credits will appear the next day (European time) after the settlement date. The cash debit from the account of Euroclear or Clearstream will be back-valued to the value date, which will be the preceding day if settlement occurs in New York. If settlement is not completed on the intended value date (i.e., the trade fails), the cash debit will instead be valued at the actual settlement date.

 

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Participants in Euroclear and Clearstream will need to make funds available to Euroclear or Clearstream to pay for the Notes by wire transfer on the value date. The most direct way of doing this is to pre-position funds (i.e., have funds in place at Euroclear or Clearstream before the value date), either from cash on hand or existing lines of credit. Under this approach, however, participants may take on credit exposure to Euroclear and Clearstream until the Notes are credited to their accounts one day later.

As an alternative, if Euroclear or Clearstream has extended a line of credit to a participant, the participant may decide not to pre-position funds, but to allow Euroclear or Clearstream to draw on the line of credit to finance settlement for the Notes. Under this procedure, Euroclear or Clearstream would charge the participant overdraft charges for one day, assuming that the overdraft would be cleared when the Notes were credited to the participant’s account. However, interest on the Notes would accrue from the value date. Therefore, in many cases the interest income on Notes which the participant earns during that one-day period will substantially reduce or offset the amount of the participant’s overdraft charges. Of course, this result will depend on the cost of funds (i.e., the interest rate that Euroclear or Clearstream charges) to each participant.

Since the settlement will occur during New York business hours, a DTC participant selling an interest in the Notes can use its usual procedures for transferring global securities to the depositories of Euroclear or Clearstream for the benefit of Euroclear or Clearstream participants. The DTC seller will receive the sale proceeds on the settlement date. Thus, to the DTC seller, a cross-market sale will settle no differently than a trade between two DTC participants.

Finally, day traders who use Euroclear or Clearstream and who purchase Notes from DTC participants for credit to Euroclear participants or Clearstream participants should note that these trades will automatically fail unless one of three steps is taken:

 

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borrowing through Euroclear or Clearstream for one day, until the purchase side of the day trade is reflected in the day trader’s Euroclear or Clearstream account, in accordance with the clearing system’s customary procedures;

 

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borrowing the Notes in the United States from DTC participants no later than one day prior to settlement, which would allow sufficient time for the Notes to be reflected in the Euroclear or Clearstream account in order to settle the sale side of the trade; or

 

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staggering the value dates for the buy and sell sides of the trade so that the value date for the purchase from the DTC participant is at least one day prior to the value date for the sale to the Euroclear or Clearstream participant.

Trading Between a Euroclear or Clearstream Seller and a DTC Purchaser

Due to time-zone differences in their favor, Euroclear and Clearstream participants can use their usual procedures to transfer Notes through their depositaries to a DTC participant. The seller must first send instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream through a participant at least one business day prior to the settlement date. Euroclear or Clearstream will then instruct its depositary to credit the Notes to the DTC participant’s account and receive payment. The payment will be credited in the account of the Euroclear or Clearstream participant on the following day, but the receipt of the cash proceeds will be back-valued to the value date, which will be the preceding day if settlement occurs in New York. If settlement is not completed on the intended value date (i.e., the trade fails), the receipt of the cash proceeds will instead be valued at the actual settlement date.

If the Euroclear or Clearstream participant selling the Notes has a line of credit with Euroclear or Clearstream and elects to be in debit for the Notes until it receives the sale proceeds in its account, then the back-valuation may substantially reduce or offset any overdraft charges that the participant incurs over that period.

Settlement in other currencies between DTC and Euroclear and Clearstream is possible using free-of-payment transfers to move the Notes, but funds movement will take place separately.

 

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TAXATION

Korean Taxation

For a discussion of Korean tax considerations that may be relevant to you if you invest in the Notes, please refer to the section “Taxation—Korean Taxation” in the accompanying prospectus.

United States Tax Considerations

For a discussion of U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to you if you invest in the Notes and are a U.S. holder, see “Taxation—United States Tax Considerations” in the accompanying prospectus.

 

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UNDERWRITING

Relationship with the Underwriters

We and the underwriters named below (the “Underwriters” and each an “Underwriter”) have entered into a Terms Agreement dated July  , 2026 (the “Terms Agreement”) with respect to the Notes relating to the Underwriting Agreement—Standard Terms (together with the Terms Agreement, the “Underwriting Agreement”) filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement, we have agreed to sell to each of the Underwriters, severally, and each of the Underwriters has severally agreed to purchase, the following principal amount of the Notes set out opposite its name below:

 

Names of the Underwriters		Principal Amount of the 20  Green Notes				Principal Amount of the 20  Notes
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.		US$				US$
Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
J.P. Morgan Securities plc
Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc
Total		US$				US$

Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited will offer the Notes in the United States through their registered broker-dealer affiliates in the United States, Crédit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc. and HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., respectively.

Under the terms and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement, if the Underwriters take any Notes of a series, then the Underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the Notes of such series.

The Underwriters initially propose to offer the Notes directly to the public at the offering prices described on the cover page. After the initial offering of the Notes, the Underwriters may from time to time vary the offering prices and other selling terms.

If a jurisdiction requires that the offering be made by a licensed broker or dealer and the Underwriters or any affiliate of the Underwriters is a licensed broker or dealer in that jurisdiction, the offering shall be deemed to be made by that Underwriter or its affiliate on behalf of us in such jurisdiction.

Certain of the underwriters are expected to make offers and sales both inside and outside the United States through their respective selling agents. Any offers or sales in the United States will be conducted by broker-dealers registered with the SEC.

The Notes are a new class of securities with no established trading market. Applications will be made to the SGX-ST for the listing and quotation of the Notes on the SGX-ST. Applications will also be made for listing of the Notes on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange and to have the Notes admitted to trading on the Euro MTF Market of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. No assurance can be given that such applications will be approved or that such listings will be maintained. The Underwriters have advised us that they intend to make a market in the Notes. However, they are not obligated to do so and they may discontinue any market making activities with respect to the Notes at any time without notice. Accordingly, we cannot assure you as to the liquidity of any trading market for the Notes.

We have agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments which the Underwriters may be required to make in respect of any such liabilities.

 

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In connection with this offering, any of the Underwriters appointed and acting in its capacity as stabilizing manager (the “Stabilizing Managers”) or any person acting on their behalf may purchase and sell the Notes in the open market. These transactions may include over-allotment, covering transactions and stabilizing transactions. Over-allotment involves sales of the Notes in excess of the principal amount of the Notes to be purchased by the Underwriters in this offering, which creates a short position for the Underwriters. Covering transactions involve purchases of the Notes in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover short positions. Stabilizing transactions consist of certain bids or purchases of the Notes made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Notes while the offering is in progress. Any of these activities may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the Notes. They may also cause the price of the Notes to be higher than the price that otherwise would exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. The Stabilizing Managers may conduct these transactions in the over-the-counter market or otherwise. If the Stabilizing Managers commence any of these transactions, they may discontinue such transactions at any time, and must discontinue them after a limited period.

The amount of net proceeds of the 20  Green Notes and the 20  Notes is US$    and US$   , respectively, after deducting underwriting discounts but not estimated expenses. Our expenses associated with the Notes offering are estimated to be US$   . The Underwriters have agreed to pay certain of our expenses incurred in connection with the offering of the Notes.

The Underwriters and certain of their affiliates may have performed certain commercial banking, investment banking and advisory services for us and/or our affiliates from time to time for which they have received customary fees and expenses and may, from time to time, engage in transactions with and perform services for us and/or our affiliates in the ordinary course of their business.

The Underwriters or certain of their affiliates may purchase Notes and be allocated Notes for asset management and/or proprietary purposes but not with a view to distribution. The Underwriters or their respective affiliates may purchase Notes for its or their own account and enter into transactions, including credit derivatives, such as asset swaps, repackaging and credit default swaps relating to Notes and/or other securities of us or our subsidiaries or affiliates at the same time as the offer and sale of Notes or in secondary market transactions. Such transactions would be carried out as bilateral trades with selected counterparties and separately from any existing sale or resale of Notes to which this prospectus supplement relates (notwithstanding that such selected counterparties may also be purchasers of Notes).

Important Notice to CMIs (including Private Banks)

This notice to CMIs (including private banks) is a summary of certain obligations the SFC Code imposes on CMIs, which require the attention and cooperation of other CMIs (including private banks). Certain CMIs may also be acting as OCs for this offering and are subject to additional requirements under the SFC Code.

Prospective investors who are the directors, employees or major shareholders of the Issuer, a CMI or its group companies would be considered under the SFC Code as having an Association with the Issuer, the CMI or the relevant group company. CMIs should specifically disclose whether their investor clients have any Association when submitting orders for the Notes. In addition, private banks should take all reasonable steps to identify whether their investor clients may have any Associations with the Issuer or any CMI (including its group companies) and inform the relevant Underwriters accordingly.

CMIs are informed that the marketing and investor targeting strategy for this offering includes institutional investors, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, hedge funds, family offices and high net worth individuals, in each case, subject to the selling restrictions and any MiFID II product governance language or any UK MiFIR product governance language set out elsewhere in this prospectus supplement.

CMIs should ensure that orders placed are bona fide, are not inflated and do not constitute duplicated orders (i.e. two or more corresponding or identical orders placed via two or more CMIs). CMIs should enquire with

 

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their investor clients regarding any orders which appear unusual or irregular. CMIs should disclose the identities of all investors when submitting orders for the Notes (except for omnibus orders where underlying investor information may need to be provided to any OCs when submitting orders). Failure to provide underlying investor information for omnibus orders, where required to do so, may result in that order being rejected. CMIs should not place “X-orders” into the order book.

CMIs should segregate and clearly identify their own proprietary orders (and those of their group companies, including private banks as the case may be) in the order book and book messages.

CMIs (including private banks) should not offer any rebates to prospective investors or pass on any rebates provided by the Issuer. In addition, CMIs (including private banks) should not enter into arrangements which may result in prospective investors paying different prices for the Notes.

The SFC Code requires that a CMI disclose complete and accurate information in a timely manner on the status of the order book and other relevant information it receives to targeted investors for them to make an informed decision. In order to do this, those Underwriters in control of the order book should consider disclosing order book updates to all CMIs.

When placing an order for the Notes, private banks should disclose, at the same time, if such order is placed other than on a “principal” basis (whereby it is deploying its own balance sheet for onward selling to investors). Private banks who do not provide such disclosure are hereby deemed to be placing their order on such a “principal” basis. Otherwise, such order may be considered to be an omnibus order pursuant to the SFC Code. Private banks should be aware that placing an order on a “principal” basis may require the relevant affiliated Underwriter(s) (if any) to categorize it as a proprietary order and apply the “proprietary orders” requirements of the SFC Code to such order.

In relation to omnibus orders, when submitting such orders, CMIs (including private banks) that are subject to the SFC Code should disclose underlying investor information in respect of each order constituting the relevant omnibus order (failure to provide such information may result in that order being rejected). Underlying investor information in relation to an omnibus order should consist of:

 

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The name of each underlying investor;

 

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A unique identification number for each investor;

 

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Whether an underlying investor has any “Associations” (as used in the SFC Code);

 

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Whether any underlying investor order is a “Proprietary Order” (as used in the SFC Code);

 

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Whether any underlying investor order is a duplicate order.

Underlying investor information in relation to omnibus order should be sent to: dcmomnibus@citi.com; HKG-Syndicate@ca-cib.com; hk_syndicate_omnibus@hsbc.com.hk; Investor.info.hk.bond.deals@jpmorgan.com; omnibus_debt@morganstanley.com.

To the extent information being disclosed by CMIs and investors is personal and/or confidential in nature, CMIs (including private banks) agree and warrant: (A) to take appropriate steps to safeguard the transmission of such information to any OCs; and (B) that they have obtained the necessary consents from the underlying investors to disclose such information to any OCs. By submitting an order and providing such information to any OCs, each CMI (including private banks) further warrants that they and the underlying investors have understood and consented to the collection, disclosure, use and transfer of such information by any OCs and/or any other third parties as may be required by the SFC Code, including to the Issuer, relevant regulators and/or any other third parties as may be required by the SFC Code, for the purpose of complying with the SFC Code, during the bookbuilding process for this offering. CMIs that receive such underlying investor information are reminded that such information should be used only for submitting orders in this offering. The relevant Underwriters may be asked to demonstrate compliance with their obligations under the SFC Code, and may request other CMIs

 

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(including private banks) to provide evidence showing compliance with the obligations above (in particular, that the necessary consents have been obtained). In such event, other CMIs (including private banks) are required to provide the relevant Underwriters with such evidence within the timeline requested.

Delivery of the Notes

We expect to make delivery of the Notes, against payment in same-day funds on or about July  , 2026, which we expect will be the     business day following the date of this prospectus supplement. Under Rule 15c6-l promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, U.S. purchasers are generally required to settle trades in the secondary market in one business day, unless they and the other parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, if you wish to trade in the Notes on any day prior to the first business day before the settlement date, because the Notes will initially settle in T+ , you may be required to specify an alternate settlement cycle at the time of your trade to prevent a failed settlement. Purchasers in other countries should consult with their own advisors.

Foreign Selling Restrictions

Each Underwriter has agreed to the following selling restrictions in connection with the offering with respect to the following jurisdictions:

Korea

Each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that (i) it has not offered, sold or delivered and will not offer, sell or deliver, directly or indirectly, any Notes in Korea or to, or for the account or benefit of, any resident of Korea, except as permitted by applicable Korean laws and regulations; and (ii) any securities dealer to whom it sells Notes will agree that it will not offer any Notes, directly or indirectly, in Korea or to any resident of Korea, except as permitted by applicable Korean laws and regulations, or to any dealer who does not so represent and agree.

United Kingdom

Each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that (i) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the “FSMA”)) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of any Notes in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and (ii) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to any Notes in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

Japan

Each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that the Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan (Act No. 25 of 1948, as amended, the “Financial Instruments and Exchange Act”). Accordingly, each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that it has not, directly or indirectly, offered or sold and will not, directly or indirectly, offer or sell any Notes in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan) or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and other relevant laws and regulations of Japan.

 

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Hong Kong

Each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that:

 

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it has not offered or sold and will not offer or sell in Hong Kong, by means of any document, any Notes other than (a) to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong (the “SFO”) and any rules made under the SFO; or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong (the “C(WUMP)O”) or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the C(WUMP)O; and

 

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it has not issued or had in its possession for the purposes of issue, and will not issue or have in its possession for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, any advertisement, invitation or document relating to the Notes, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to Notes which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the SFO and any rules made under the SFO.

Singapore

Each Underwriter has acknowledged that this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus have not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that it has not offered or sold any Notes or caused the Notes to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase and will not offer or sell any Notes or cause the Notes to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and has not circulated or distributed, nor will it circulate or distribute, this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the Notes, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA or (ii) to an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA) pursuant to and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA.

Italy

The offering of the Notes has not been registered with the Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa (“CONSOB”) pursuant to Italian securities legislation and, accordingly, no Notes may be offered, sold or delivered, nor may copies of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or of any other document relating to any Notes be distributed in the Republic of Italy (“Italy”), except, in accordance with any Italian securities, tax and other applicable laws and regulations.

Each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that it has not offered, sold or delivered, and will not offer, sell or deliver any Notes or distribute any copy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any other document relating to the Notes in Italy except:

(a) to qualified investors (investitori qualificati), as defined pursuant to Article 100 of Legislative Decree no. 58 of February 24, 1998 (the “Financial Services Act”) and Article 34-ter, paragraph 1, letter (b) of CONSOB regulation No. 11971 of May 14, 1999 (the “Issuers Regulation”), all as amended from time to time; or

(b) in other circumstances which are exempted from the rules on public offerings pursuant to Article 100 of the Financial Services Act and Issuers Regulation.

 

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In any event, any offer, sale or delivery of the Notes or distribution of copies of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or any other document relating to the Notes in Italy under paragraphs (a) or (b) above must be:

(i) made by an investment firm, bank or financial intermediary permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with the Financial Services Act, Legislative Decree No. 385 of September 1, 1993 (the “Banking Act”) and CONSOB Regulation No. 20307 of February 15, 2018, all as amended from time to time;

(ii) in compliance with Article 129 of the Banking Act, as amended from time to time, and the implementing guidelines of the Bank of Italy, as amended from time to time; and

(iii) in compliance with any other applicable laws and regulations, including any limitation or requirement which may be imposed from time to time by CONSOB or the Bank of Italy or other competent authority.

Canada

Prospective Canadian investors are advised that the information contained within the preliminary prospectus and prospectus has not been prepared with regard to matters that may be of particular concern to Canadian investors. Accordingly, prospective Canadian investors should consult with their own legal, financial and tax advisers concerning the information contained within the preliminary prospectus and prospectus and as to the suitability of an investment in the Notes in their particular circumstances.

Each Underwriter has severally represented and agreed that the Notes may only be offered or sold in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Québec or to or for the benefit of a resident of these provinces pursuant to an exemption from the requirement to file a prospectus in such province in which such offer or sale is made, and only by a dealer duly registered under the applicable securities laws of that province or by a dealer that is relying in that province on the “international dealer” exemption provided by section 8.18 of National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations (NI 33-103). Furthermore, the Notes may only be offered or sold to or for the benefit of a resident of any such province provided that such resident is purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal and is both an “accredited investor” as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions (NI 45-106) or subsection 73.3 (1) of the Securities Act (Ontario) and a “permitted client” as defined in NI 31-103. By purchasing any Notes and accepting delivery of a purchase confirmation a purchaser is representing to the underwriters and the dealer from whom the purchase confirmation is received that it is an “accredited investor” and “permitted client” as defined above. The distribution of the Notes in Canada is being made on a private placement basis only and any resale of the Notes must be made in accordance with applicable Canadian securities laws, which will vary depending on the relevant jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made in accordance with prospectus and registration requirements or exemptions from the prospectus and registration requirements.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this preliminary prospectus or prospectus (including any amendment hereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

Under Canadian securities law, National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105) provides disclosure requirements with respect to potential conflicts of interest between an issuer and underwriters, dealers or placement agents, as the case may be. To the extent any conflict of interest between us and any of the Underwriters (or any other placement agent acting in connection with this offering) may exist in respect of this offering, the applicable parties to this offering are relying on the exemption from these disclosure requirements provided to them by section 3A.3 of NI 33-105 (exemption based on U.S. disclosure).

 

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Upon receipt of this prospectus, each Canadian purchaser hereby confirms that it has expressly requested that all documents evidencing or relating in any way to the sale of the securities described herein (including for greater certainty any purchase confirmation or any notice) be drawn up in the English language only. Par la réception de ce prospectus, chaque acheteur canadien confirme par les présentes qu’il a expressément exigé que tous les documents faisant foi ou se rapportant de quelque manière que ce soit à la vente des valeurs mobiliéres décrites aux présentes (incluant, pour plus de certitude, toute confirmation d’achat ou tout avis) soient rédigés en anglaise seulement.

Switzerland

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is not intended to constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or invest in the Notes described herein. The Notes may not be publicly offered, sold or advertised, directly or indirectly, in, into or from Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange or on any other exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the Notes constitutes a prospectus as such term is understood pursuant to article 652a or article 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or a listing prospectus within the meaning of the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange or any other regulated trading facility in Switzerland or a simplified prospectus or a prospectus as such term is defined in the Swiss Collective Investment Scheme Act, and neither this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the Notes may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

Neither this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, nor the Issuer nor the Notes have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. The Notes are not subject to supervision by any Swiss regulatory authority (e.g., the Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority (“FINMA”)), and investors in the Notes will not benefit from protection or supervision by such authority.

 

S-36

LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the Notes is being passed upon for us by Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, New York, New York, and by Yoon & Yang LLC, Seoul, Korea. Certain legal matters will also be passed upon for the Underwriters by Linklaters LLP, Seoul, Korea. In giving their opinions, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP and Linklaters LLP may rely as to matters of Korean law upon the opinion of Yoon & Yang LLC.

OFFICIAL STATEMENTS AND DOCUMENTS

Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, in his official capacity, has supplied the information set forth in this prospectus supplement under “Recent Developments—The Export-Import Bank of Korea.” Such information is stated on his authority. The documents identified in the portion of this prospectus supplement captioned “Recent Developments—The Republic of Korea” as the sources of financial or statistical data are derived from official public documents of the Republic and of its agencies and instrumentalities.

GENERAL INFORMATION

We were established in 1976 as a special governmental financial institution pursuant to the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act, as amended. Our corporate registry number is 111235-0000158. Our Legal Entity Identifier is 549300APVP4R32PI3Y06. Our authorized share capital is W25,000 billion. As of March 31, 2026, our paid-in capital was W17,183 billion.

Our board of directors can be reached at the address of our registered office: c/o 38 Eunhaeng-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07242, The Republic of Korea.

The issue of the Notes has been authorized by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer on June 5, 2026. It is expected that our report on the proposed issuance of the Notes will be submitted to the Ministry of Finance and Economy of Korea on or about July 10, 2026.

The registration statement with respect to us and the Notes has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Additional information concerning us and the Notes is contained in the registration statement and post-effective amendments to such registration statement, including their various exhibits, which are available to the public from the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov. This website is maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Notes have been accepted for clearance through DTC, Euroclear and Clearstream:

 

		CUSIP		ISIN
20  Green Notes		302154 EV7		US302154EV78
20  Notes		302154 EW5		US302154EW51

 

S-37

PROSPECTUS

 

 

US$7,056,498,627

The Export-Import Bank of Korea

Debt Securities

Warrants to Purchase Debt Securities

The Republic of Korea

Guarantees

 

 

We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This prospectus is dated May 27, 2026.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

		Page
Certain Defined Terms and Conventions			1
Use of Proceeds			2
The Export-Import Bank of Korea			3
Overview			3
Capitalization			4
Business			5
Selected Financial Statement Data			7
Operations			10
Description of Assets and Liabilities			16
Debt			26
Credit Policies, Credit Approval and Risk Management			28
Capital Adequacy			30
Overseas Operations			31
Property			31
Management and Employees			31
Tables and Supplementary Information			33
Financial Statements and the Auditors			40
The Republic of Korea			134
Land and History			134
Government and Politics			136
The Economy			139
Principal Sectors of the Economy			146
The Financial System			153
Monetary Policy			158
Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade			162
Government Finance			169
Debt			172
Tables and Supplementary Information			175
Description of the Securities			178
Description of Debt Securities			178
Description of Warrants			184
Terms Applicable to Debt Securities and Warrants			185
Description of Guarantees			186
Limitations on Issuance of Bearer Debt Securities and Bearer Warrants			187
Taxation			188
Korean Taxation			188
United States Tax Considerations			191
Plan of Distribution			200
Legal Matters			201
Authorized Representatives in the United States			201
Official Statements and Documents			201
Experts			201
Forward-Looking Statements			202
Further Information			204

 

i

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

All references to the “Bank”, “we”, “our” or “us” mean The Export-Import Bank of Korea. All references to “Korea” or the “Republic” contained in this prospectus mean The Republic of Korea. All references to the “Government” mean the government of Korea.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to “won”, “Won” or “W” contained in this prospectus are to the currency of Korea, references to “U.S. dollars”, “Dollars”, “USD”, “$” or “US$” are to the currency of the United States of America, references to “Hong Kong Dollar” or “HKD” are to the currency of Hong Kong, S.A.R., references to “Mexican Peso” or “MXN” are to the currency of the United Mexican States, references to “Brazilian Real” or “BRL” are to the currency of Federative Republic of Brazil, references to “Euro”, “EUR” or “€” are to the currency of the European Union, references to “Thai Baht” or “THB” are to the currency of Thailand, references to “Swiss Franc” or “CHF” are to the currency of Switzerland, references to “Australian Dollar” or “AUD” are to the currency of Australia, references to “Indian Rupee” or “INR” are to the currency of India, references to “Chinese Yuan” or “CNY” are to the currency of the People’s Republic of China, references to “Indonesian Rupiah” or “IDR” are to the currency of Indonesia, references to “Peruvian Sol” or “PEN” are to the currency of Peru, references to “New Zealand Dollar” or “NZD” are to the currency of New Zealand, references to “South African Rand” or “ZAR” are to the currency of South Africa, references to “Canadian Dollar” or “CAD” are to the currency of Canada, references to “Great Britain Pound” or “GBP” are to the currency of the United Kingdom, references to “Norwegian Krone” or “NOK” are to the currency of Norway, references to “Polish Zloty” or “PLN” are to the currency of Poland, references to “Philippine Peso” or “PHP” are to the currency of the Republic of the Philippines and references to “Japanese Yen” or “JPY” are to the currency of Japan.

In this prospectus, where information has been prepared in thousands, millions or billions of units, amounts may have been rounded up or down. Accordingly, actual numbers may differ from those contained herein due to rounding. All discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding.

Our separate financial statements and information included in this prospectus were prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by Korea (“Korean IFRS” or “K-IFRS”). References in this prospectus to “separate” financial statements and information are to financial statements and information prepared on a non-consolidated basis. Unless specified otherwise, our financial and other information included in this prospectus is presented on a separate basis in accordance with Korean IFRS and does not include such information with respect to our subsidiaries.

 

1

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities for our general operations.

 

2

THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF KOREA

Overview

We were established in 1976 as a special governmental financial institution pursuant to the Export-Import Bank of Korea Act, as amended, or the KEXIM Act. Since our establishment, we have been promoting the export and competitiveness of Korean goods and services in international markets. To this end, we have introduced financing facilities and implemented lending policies that are responsive to the needs of Korean exporters.

Our primary purpose, as stated in the KEXIM Act, is to “promote the sound development of the national economy and economic cooperation with foreign countries by extending the financial aid required for export and import transactions, overseas investment and the development of natural resources abroad.” Over the years, we have developed various financing facilities and lending policies that are consistent with the Government’s overall economic policies. In the latter part of the 1980s, as a result of changing trade conditions and the increased internationalization of the Korean economy, overseas investment credits and import credits were promoted and began to constitute an important portion of our business. In recent years, we have focused on the development of new financing facilities, including structured financing for ships and project financing for the construction of industrial plants and the development of natural resources abroad.

As of December 31, 2025, we had W91,662 billion of outstanding loans, including W40,005 billion of outstanding export credits, W37,383 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and W12,112 billion of outstanding import credits, as compared to W91,845 billion of outstanding loans, including W38,964 billion of outstanding export credits, W37,782 billion of outstanding overseas investment credits and W12,640 billion of outstanding import credits as of December 31, 2024.

Although our management has control of our day-to-day operations, our operations are subject to the close supervision of the Government. The Government’s determination each fiscal year regarding the amount of financial support to extend to us, in the form of contributions to capital or transfers of our income to reserves, plays an important role in determining our lending capacity. The Government has the power to appoint or dismiss our Chief Executive Officer, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Senior Executive Director, Independent Directors and Auditor.

The Government supports our operations pursuant to Article 37 of the KEXIM Act. Article 37 of the KEXIM Act provides that “the annual net losses of the Export-Import Bank of Korea shall be offset each year by the reserve, and if the reserve be insufficient, the Government shall provide funds to cover the deficit.” As a result of the KEXIM Act, the Government is generally responsible for our operations and is legally obligated to replenish any deficit that arises if our reserves, consisting of our surplus and capital surplus items, are insufficient to cover any of our annual net losses. In light of the above, if we have insufficient funds to make any payment under any of our obligations, including the debt securities covered by this Offering Circular, the Government would take appropriate steps, such as by making a capital contribution, by allocating funds or by taking other action, to enable us to make such payment when due. The provisions of Article 37 do not, however, constitute a direct guarantee by the Government of our obligations, and the provisions of the KEXIM Act, including Article 37, may be amended at any time by action of the National Assembly.

In January 2014, the Government amended the KEXIM Act to:

 

•

increase our authorized capital from W8,000 billion to W15,000 billion;

 

•

expand our operation scope that enables us, among other things, to invest in (i) funds intended to support export and import transactions by small and medium-sized enterprises and (ii) special purpose companies that carry out value added overseas development projects in a flexible way; and

 

•

reduce restrictions on our financing and investment activities by providing additional flexibility to us to cope with changes in market conditions.

 

3

In March 2016, the Government amended the KEXIM Act to strengthen its enforcement powers by allowing:

 

•

the Minister of Finance and Economy to impose any necessary sanctions against our officers; and

 

•

the Financial Services Commission to request the Minister of Finance and Economy to apply sanctions against our employees.

In March 2024, the Government amended the KEXIM Act to increase our authorized capital from W15,000 billion to W25,000 billion in order to increase our financing of overseas large-scale projects in line with the Government’s policy objectives.

In December 2025, the Government amended the KEXIM Act to reduce restrictions on our investment activities by permitting standalone equity investments and broadening the types of funds in which we may invest, and to enable capital contributions to the Supply Chain Resilience Fund, which we currently administer, operate and fund, to support efforts to strengthen supply chains and mitigate unexpected risks.

Capitalization

As of December 31, 2025, our authorized capital was W25,000 billion and our capitalization was as follows:

 

		December 31, 2025(1)
		(billions of Won)
Long-Term Debt (2)(3)(4)(5)(6):
Borrowings in Korean Won		W	—
Borrowings in Foreign Currencies			1,799
Export-Import Financing Debentures			57,623
Total Long-Term Debt		W	59,422
Capital and Reserves:
Capital Stock(7)		W	17,173
Additional Paid-in Capital			—
Capital Adjustments			(155	)
Retained Earnings			4,680
Legal Reserve(8)			710
Voluntary Reserve(8)			2,271
Regulatory Reserve for Loan Losses(9)			14
Unappropriated Retained Earnings			1,685
Other Components of Equity(10)			4,598
Total Capital and Reserves		W	26,296
Total Capitalization		W	85,718

(1)	Except as described in this Offering Circular, there has been no material adverse change in our capitalization since December 31, 2025.

(2)	Consists of borrowings and debentures with maturities of more than a year remaining.

(3)	We have translated borrowings in foreign currencies as of December 31, 2025 into Won at the rate of W1,434.9 to US$1.00, which was the market average exchange rate as announced by the Seoul Money Brokerage Services Ltd., on December 31, 2025.

(4)

As of December 31, 2025, we had contingent liabilities totaling W62,276 billion, which consisted of W51,209 billion under outstanding guarantees and acceptances and W11,067 billion under contingent guarantees and acceptances issued on behalf of our clients. For further information relating to our contingent liabilities under outstanding guarantees as of December 31, 2025, see “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 36.”

(5)

As of December 31, 2025, we had entered into 783 interest rate-related derivative contracts with a notional amount of W89,407 billion and 408 currency-related derivative contracts with a notional amount of W33,038 billion in accordance with our policy to hedge interest rate and currency risks. See “ —Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 20.”

 

4

(6)	See “—Description of Assets and Liabilities—Sources of Funding” for an explanation of these sources of funds. All of our borrowings, whether domestic or international, are unsecured and unguaranteed.

(7)	As of December 31, 2025, our authorized ordinary share capital was W25,000 billion and issued fully-paid ordinary share capital was W17,173 billion. For more information, see “—Business—Government Support and Supervision.”

(8)	See “—Business—Government Support and Supervision” for a description of the manner in which annual net income is transferred to the legal reserve and may be transferred to the voluntary reserve.

(9)

If the estimated allowance for credit loss determined by K-IFRS for accounting purposes is lower than that for regulatory purposes as required by Regulation of Supervision of Banking Business, we reserve such difference as the regulatory reserve for loan losses. See “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 23.”

(10)	See “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 22.”

Business

Purpose and Authority

We were established in 1976 as a special governmental financial institution pursuant to the KEXIM Act. The KEXIM Act, the Enforcement Decree of the KEXIM Act, or the KEXIM Decree, and our Articles of Incorporation, or the By-laws, define and regulate our powers and authority. We are treated as a special juridical entity under Korean law and are not subject to certain laws regulating the activities of commercial banks.

We were established, as stated in the KEXIM Act, to “promote the sound development of the national economy and economic cooperation with foreign countries by extending the financial aid required for export and import transactions, overseas investment and the development of natural resources abroad.” As an instrument in serving the Government’s public policy objectives, we do not seek to maximize our profits. We do, however, strive to maintain an adequate level of profitability to strengthen our equity base in order to support the growth in the volume of our business.

Our primary purpose has been the provision of loans and guarantees to facilitate Korean companies’ exports and overseas investments and projects. Most of our activities have been carried out pursuant to this authority.

We have the authority to undertake a range of financial activities. These fall into four principal categories:

 

•

export credits;

 

•

overseas investment credits;

 

•

import credits; and

 

•

guarantee facilities.

Export credits include loans to facilitate Korean exports of capital and non-capital goods and technical and non-technical services. Overseas investment credits consist of loans to finance Korean overseas investments and projects. Import credits include the extension of loans to finance Korean imports of essential materials and natural resources. Guarantee facilities are made available to support the obligations of Korean exporters and importers.

We also have the authority to administer, on behalf of the Government, the Government’s Economic Development Cooperation Fund, the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund, formerly known as the South and North Korea Co-operation Fund, and the Supply Chain Resilience Fund.

We may also undertake other business activities incidental to the foregoing, including currency and interest rate swap transactions.

 

5

Government Support and Supervision

The Government’s determination each fiscal year, regarding the amount of financial support to extend to us, plays an important role in determining our lending capacity. Such support has included contributions to capital, loans and transfers of our income to reserves.

Our authorized capital was W30 billion when the Government enacted the KEXIM Act in 1969. The National Assembly amended the KEXIM Act and increased our authorized capital to W150 billion in 1974, W500 billion in 1977, W1,000 billion in 1986, W2,000 billion in January 1998, W4,000 billion in September 1998, W8,000 billion in January 2009, W15,000 billion in January 2014 and W25,000 billion in March 2024.

As of December 31, 1996, the capital contribution from the Government was approximately W686 billion, all in cash. Since 1997, the Government has made capital contributions not only in cash but also in the form of shares of common stock of Government-affiliated entities. Recent examples include the Government’s contributions to our capital of (i) W110 billion, W29 billion, W160 billion, W25 billion, W100 billion, W100 billion and W200 billion in cash in March 2021, April 2021, June 2021, June 2022, March 2024, January 2025 and May 2025, respectively, and (ii) W125 billion in the form of shares of Yeosu Gwangyang Port Authority in May 2017, W125 billion in the form of shares of Incheon Port Authority in May 2017, W1,167 billion in the form of shares of Korea Aerospace Industries Ltd. in June 2017 and W2,000 billion in the form of shares of Korea Land and Housing Corporation in each of March 2023 and May 2024. Taking into account these capital contributions, our total capital stock was W17,173 billion as of December 31, 2025.

Pursuant to the KEXIM Act, only the Government, The Korea Development Bank, The Bank of Korea, certain designated domestic banking institutions, exporters’ associations and international financial organizations may contribute to our capital stock. As of December 31, 2025, the Government directly owned 77% of our capital stock and indirectly owned, through The Bank of Korea and The Korea Development Bank, 7% and 16%, respectively, of our capital stock. See “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 1.”

In addition to contributions to our capital, the Government provides funding for our financing activities. The Government has made loans available to us for our lending activities. See “—Description of Assets and Liabilities—Sources of Funding.”

The Government also supports our operation pursuant to Articles 36 and 37 of the KEXIM Act. Article 36 of the KEXIM Act and the By-laws provide that we shall apply our net income earned during each fiscal year, after deduction of depreciation expense for such fiscal year, in the following manner and in order of priority:

 

•

first, at least 10% of such net income is transferred to our legal reserve until the total amount of our legal reserve equals the total amount of our capital stock;

 

•

second, if the Minister of Finance and Economy approves such distribution, the balance of any such net income, after such transfer to the legal reserve, is distributed to the institutions, other than the Government, that have contributed to our capital (up to a maximum 15% annual dividend rate); and

 

•

third, the remaining balance of any such net income is distributed in whatever manner our Operations Committee determines and the Minister of Finance and Economy approves, such as additions to our voluntary reserve.

Article 37 of the KEXIM Act provides that “the annual net losses of the Export-Import Bank of Korea shall be offset each year by the reserve, and if the reserve be insufficient, the Government shall provide funds to cover the deficit.” As a result of the KEXIM Act, the Government is generally responsible for our operations and is legally obligated to replenish any deficit that arises if our reserves are insufficient to cover any of our annual net losses. In light of this provision, if we have insufficient funds to make any payment under any of our obligations, the Government would take appropriate steps by making a capital contribution, by allocating funds or by taking

 

6

other action to enable us to make such payment when due. The provisions of Article 37 do not, however, constitute a direct guarantee by the Government of our obligations, and the provisions of the KEXIM Act, including Article 37, may be amended at any time by action of the National Assembly.

The Government closely supervises our operations including in the following ways:

 

•

the President of the Republic appoints our Chief Executive Officer upon the recommendation of the Minister of Finance and Economy;

 

•

the Minister of Finance and Economy appoints our Deputy Chief Executive Officer and the Senior Executive Director upon the recommendation of our Chief Executive Officer;

 

•

the Minister of Finance and Economy appoints our Auditor;

 

•

one month prior to the beginning of each fiscal year, we must submit our proposed program of operations and budget for the fiscal year to the Minister of Finance and Economy for his approval and immediately after the approval of the Minister of Finance and Economy, we must report such program to the National Assembly;

 

•

the Minister of Finance and Economy must approve our operating manual, which sets out guidelines for all principal operating matters, including the range of permitted financings;

 

•

the Board of Audit and Inspection, a Government department, examines our settlement of accounts annually;

 

•

each of the Minister of Finance and Economy and the Financial Services Commission has broad authority to require reports from us on any matter and to examine our books, records and other documents. On the basis of the reports and examinations, the Minister of Finance and Economy may issue any orders it deems necessary to enforce the KEXIM Act or delegate examinations to the Financial Services Commission;

 

•

the Financial Services Commission may supervise our operations to ensure managerial soundness based upon the KEXIM Decree and the Supervisory Regulations of Banking Business legislated by the Financial Services Commission and may issue orders deemed necessary for such supervision;

 

•

we must submit our annual report to the Ministry of Finance and Economy within three months following the end of each fiscal year and, upon request from the National Assembly during its annual audit period, to the National Assembly within ten days from the date of the request from the National Assembly, outlining our operations and analyzing our activities during the relevant fiscal year; and

 

•

we may amend our By-laws and operating manual only with the approval of the Minister of Finance and Economy.

Selected Financial Statement Data

Except where expressly indicated otherwise in this Offering Circular, loans in Won and loans in foreign currencies (each before deducting allowance for loan losses) are collectively referred to as “Loans”; bills bought, foreign exchange bought, advances for customers, call loans and interbank loans in foreign currencies (each before deducting allowance for loan losses) are collectively referred to as “Other Loans”; Loans and Other Loans are collectively referred to as “Loan Credits”; confirmed guarantees and acceptances are collectively referred to as “Guarantees”; and Loan Credits and Guarantees are collectively referred to as “Credit Exposure.”

 

7

You should read the following selected financial statement data together with our separate financial statements and notes included in this Offering Circular.

 

		Year Ended December 31,
		2023				2024				2025
		(billions of Won)
Income Statement Data
Total Interest Income		W	5,856			W	6,062			W	5,240
Total Interest Expense			4,971				5,299				4,348
Net Interest Income			885				764				892
Operating Income			1,061				1,333				2,170
Income before Income Tax			1,061				1,335				2,164
Income Tax Expense			339				356				479
Net Income			723				980				1,685

 

		As of December 31,
		2024				2025
		(billions of Won)
Balance Sheet Data
Total Loan Credits(1)		W	91,845			W	91,662
Total Borrowings(2)			100,049				97,034
Total Assets			131,340				131,772
Total Liabilities			110,015				105,476
Total Shareholders’ Equity			21,325				26,296

(1)

Gross amount, including domestic usance bills, foreign currency bills bought, advance payments on acceptances and guarantees, call loans, interbank loans in foreign currency, private placement corporate bonds in local currency and others and before deducting allowance for loan losses and net deferred loan origination fees and costs. See “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 10.”

(2)	Includes debentures.

2025

We had net income of W1,685 billion in 2025 compared to W980 billion in 2024. The principal factors for the increase in net income included:

 

•

a change in net gain (loss) on hedging derivative assets to a net gain of W2,407 billion in 2025 from a net loss of W1,532 billion in 2024, due to a decrease in losses on hedging instruments to W979 billion in 2025 from W3,120 billion in 2024 and an increase in gains on hedging instruments to W3,386 billion in 2025 from W1,589 billion in 2024, which in turn were primarily due to increased volatility in exchange rates (including USD and AUD) and interest rates (including the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, USD 3-Month London Interbank Offered Rate Fallback and USD 6-Month London Interbank Offered Rate Fallback) in 2025 (see “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 28”); and

 

•

a change to a reversal of impairment loss on credit of W875 billion in 2025 from an additional impairment loss on credit of W96 billion in 2024, primarily reflecting a general improvement in the overall asset quality of our loan portfolio, including in connection with our loans made to Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd., in 2025.

The above factors were offset in large part by the following:

 

•

a change in net gain (loss) on foreign exchange transactions to a net loss of W1,084 billion in 2025 from a net gain of W1,627 billion in 2024, primarily due to increased volatility in exchange rates in 2025 compared to 2024; and

 

8

•

a change in net other operating income (expense) to a net expense of W964 billion in 2025 from a net income of W287 billion in 2024, which in turn was primarily due to an increase in losses on fair value hedged items to W1,212 billion in 2025 from W579 billion in 2024 and a decrease in gains on fair value hedged items to W251 billion in 2025 from W845 billion in 2024 (see “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 30”).

As of December 31, 2025, our total assets increased by 0.3% to W131,772 billion from W131,340 billion as of December 31, 2024, primarily due to a 30.3% increase in financial investments to W25,184 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W19,332 billion as of December 31, 2024, which was in large part offset by a 40.9% decrease in cash and due from financial institutions to W7,628 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W12,916 billion as of December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2025, our total liabilities decreased by 4.1% to W105,476 billion from W110,015 billion as of December 31, 2024, primarily due to a 1.7% decrease in debentures to W91,591 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W93,195 billion as of December 31, 2024, a 20.6% decrease in borrowings to W5,442 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W6,854 billion as of December 31, 2024, and a 45.8% decrease in hedging derivative liabilities to W1,290 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W2,378 billion as of December 31, 2024, the effects of which were offset in small part by a 12.0% increase in other liabilities to W3,807 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W3,399 billion as of December 31, 2024.

As of December 31, 2025, our total shareholders’ equity increased by 23.3% to W26,296 billion from W21,325 billion as of December 31, 2024, primarily due to a more than three-fold increase in other components of equity to W4,598 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W1,240 billion as of December 31, 2024 and a 39.1% increase in retained earnings to W4,680 billion as of December 31, 2025 from W3,365 billion as of December 31, 2024.

2024

We had net income of W980 billion in 2024 compared to W723 billion in 2023. The principal factors for the increase in net income included:

 

•

a change in net gain (loss) on foreign exchange transactions to a net gain of W1,627 billion in 2024 from a net loss of W1,063 billion in 2023, primarily due to continued volatility in exchange rates in 2024; and

 

•

a change in net other operating income (expenses) to net income of W287 billion in 2024 from net expenses of W931 billion in 2023, primarily due to a change in net gain (loss) on fair value hedged items to a net gain of W266 billion in 2024 from a net loss of W928 billion in 2023 (see “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023—Note 30”).

These factors were mostly offset by a change in net gain (loss) on hedging derivative assets to a net loss of W1,532 billion in 2024 from a net gain of W2,013 billion in 2023, due to an increase in losses on hedging instruments to W3,120 billion in 2024 from W843 billion in 2023 and a decrease in gains on hedging instruments to W1,589 billion in 2024 from W2,856 billion in 2023, which in turn were primarily due to continued volatility in exchange rates (including USD and BRL) and interest rates (including the USD 3-Month London Interbank Offered Rate, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate and the Euro 6-Month Interbank Offered Rate) in 2024 (see “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023—Note 28”).

For a description of our strategies and policies on derivative products, which we utilize primarily to hedge our risks relating to fluctuations in various foreign currencies and interest rates, see “—Description of Assets and Liabilities—Derivatives.”

 

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As of December 31, 2024, our total assets increased by 4.7% to W131,340 billion from W125,394 billion as of December 31, 2023, primarily due to a 25.4% increase in financial investments to W19,332 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W15,413 billion as of December 31, 2023, a 38.2% increase in financial assets at fair value through profit or loss to W5,137 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W3,716 billion as of December 31, 2023 and a 1.1% increase in loans at amortized cost to W88,726 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W87,777 billion as of December 31, 2023, the effects of which were offset in small part by an 88.4% decrease in hedging derivative assets to W71 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W612 billion as of December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2024, our total liabilities increased by 2.4% to W110,015 billion from W107,444 billion as of December 31, 2023, primarily due to a 23.9% increase in borrowings to W6,854 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W5,532 billion as of December 31, 2023, a 42.0% increase in financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss to W3,014 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W2,123 billion as of December 31, 2023 and a 57.1% increase in hedging derivative liabilities to W2,378 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W1,514 billion as of December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2024, our total shareholders’ equity increased by 18.8% to W21,325 billion from W17,951 billion as of December 31, 2023, primarily due to a 14.2% increase in capital stock to W16,873 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W14,773 billion as of December 31, 2023, a 27.5% increase in retained earnings to W3,365 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W2,639 billion as of December 31, 2023 and an 81.8% increase in other components of equity to W1,240 billion as of December 31, 2024 from W682 billion as of December  31, 2023.

Operations

Loan Operations

Our primary objective since our establishment has been to promote the export and competitiveness of Korean goods and services in international markets. To this end, we have introduced various financing facilities and implemented lending policies that are responsive to the needs of Korean exporters and foreign importers. Over the years, we have also developed financing facilities and lending policies that are consistent with the Government’s overall economic policies. In the latter part of the 1980s, as a result of changing trade conditions and the increased internationalization of the Korean economy, overseas investment credits and import credits were promoted and began to constitute an important portion of our business. Our lending programs include (1) export credits to Korean exporters or foreign buyers of Korean goods and services, (2) overseas investment credits to Korean firms and (3) import credits to Korean importers.

Before approving a credit, we consider:

 

•

economic benefits to the Republic;

 

•

the industry’s rank in the order of priorities established by the Government’s export-import policy;

 

•

credit risk associated with the loans to be extended; and

 

•

the goal of diversifying our lending activities.

The KEXIM Act and the By-laws provide that we may extend credit only where repayment “is considered probable.” Accordingly, we carefully investigate the financial position of each prospective borrower and the technical and financial aspects of the project to be financed, and a loan is made only if we believe there is reasonable assurance of repayment. See “—Credit Policies, Credit Approval and Risk Management—Credit Approval.”

In 2025, we provided Loans of W67,573 billion, an increase of 2.0% from the previous year, and our commitments of Loans amounted to W66,853 billion, an increase of 8.0% from the previous year. The increase in disbursements of Loans was primarily attributable to increased demand for automobiles and the increase in commitments for Loans was primarily attributable to increased demand for industrial plants.

 

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The following table sets out the total amounts of our outstanding Loan Credits, categorized by type of credit:

 

		As of December 31,								As % of 2025 Total
		2024				2025
		(billions of Won)
Export Credits
Industrial Plants		W	10,563			W	10,223				11.2	%
Shipbuilding			8,841				9,102				9.9	%
Ferrous & nonferrous metal products			1,240				1,304				1.4	%
Petrochemical products			2,340				2,023				2.2	%
Automobiles			2,641				2,411				2.6	%
Electronic machineries			4,031				4,871				5.3	%
Others(1)			9,310				10,072				11.0	%
Sub-total			38,964				40,005				43.6	%
Overseas Investment Credits			37,782				37,383				40.8	%
Import Credits			12,640				12,112				13.2	%
Others(2)			2,453				2,158				2.4	%
Present Value Premium/Discount			5				4				0.0	%
Total Loan Credits		W	91,845			W	91,662				100	%

(1)	Includes general machinery, service sector, etc.

(2)	Includes call loans, loans for Inter-bank loans in foreign currency, advances for customers, etc.

Source: Internal accounting records

The following table sets out our new loan commitments, categorized by type of credit:

New Loan Credit Commitments by Type of Credit

 

		As of December 31,								As % of 2025 Total
		2024				2025
		(billions of Won)
Export Credits
Industrial Plants		W	3,121			W	2,870				4.3	%
Shipbuilding			5,289				4,872				7.3	%
Ferrous & nonferrous metal products			1,790				1,890				2.8	%
Petrochemical products			4,668				3,414				5.1	%
Automobiles			3,352				3,500				5.2	%
Electronic machineries			5,933				5,696				8.5	%
Others(1)			8,473				10,512				15.7	%
Sub-total			32,626				32,754				49.0	%
Overseas Investment Credits			15,190				17,717				26.5	%
Import Credits			14,061				16,383				24.5	%
Others			0				0				0	%
Total		W	61,876			W	66,853				100	%

(1)	Includes general machinery, service sector, etc.

Source:

Internal accounting records

 

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Export Credits

We offer export credits to either domestic suppliers or foreign buyers to finance export transactions.

Export Credits to domestic suppliers include:

 

•

export loans to Korean exporters that export capital goods such as ships, industrial plants and machinery;

 

•

pre-shipment credit to Korean exporters or manufacturers producing export products;

 

•

technical service credit to Korean companies that export technical services abroad, including overseas construction projects;

 

•

short-term trade financing to Korean exporters that manufacture export goods under short-term export contracts;

 

•

small business export credit to small and medium-sized enterprises that manufacture export goods or supply materials needed by their primary exporters;

 

•

rediscount on trade bills to domestic commercial banks for exporters;

 

•

forfaiting to Korean exporters by discounting trade bills under the usance line of credit from export transactions on a non-recourse basis; and

 

•

export factoring to Korean exporters by discounting trade receivables that occurs from open account export transactions on credit on a non-recourse basis.

Export credits to foreign buyers include:

 

•

direct loans to foreign buyers that purchase Korean goods and services;

 

•

project finance to foreign companies that intend to import industrial plants, facilities and technical services from Korea for large-scale projects, of which the cash flows from such projects are the main source for repayment;

 

•

structured finance to foreign shipping companies that purchase ships from Korean shipyards, of which the repayment usually depends on the cash flows generated by the operation of ships; and

 

•

interbank export loans to creditworthy banks in foreign countries to help foreign buyers obtain credit for the purchase of goods and services of Korean origin.

As of December 31, 2025, export credits in the amount of W40,005 billion represented 43.6% of our total outstanding Loan Credits. Our disbursements of export credits in 2025 amounted to W35,887 billion, a decrease of 3.2% from the previous year, and our new commitments of export credits in 2025 amounted to W32,754 billion, an increase of 0.4% from the previous year.

We offer export credits to Korean companies in order to provide them with the funds required for the manufacture or construction of capital and non-capital goods and readying of technical services designated in our operating manual for export. Capital goods eligible for export credit financings currently include ships, industrial plants, industrial machinery and overseas construction projects. With respect to eligible items supported by our export credits, ships as well as industrial plants have traditionally had some of the largest shares of our export credit operations.

We offer export loans and technical service credits to domestic suppliers at fixed (no less than the Commercial Interest Reference Rate under the OECD Arrangement (as defined below)) or floating rates of interest with maturities of up to 12 years for ships and maturities of varying terms, from two to 22 years, for financings of other eligible items. We typically require a minimum down payment of 20% of the contract amount

 

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for ship export financings and a minimum down payment of 15% for financings of other eligible items. When the credit rating of a prospective borrower does not meet our internal rating criteria, these export credits are secured by promissory notes issued in connection with the relevant transaction, or letters of guarantees or letters of credit issued or confirmed by a creditworthy international bank or the importer’s government or central bank. Other terms and conditions under such export credit facilities must be in accordance with the Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or the OECD Arrangement. We offer direct loans to foreign buyers, project finance to project companies and structured finance for ships to foreign shipping companies under similar terms and conditions as export credit financings to domestic suppliers. We offer interbank export loans to overseas banks to facilitate imports by foreign importers of Korean manufactured goods. Interbank export loans are offered at fixed or floating rates of interest with maturities of up to 15 years.

Overseas Investment Credits

We extend overseas investment credits to either Korean companies or foreign companies in which a Korean company has an equity share, to finance investments in eligible overseas businesses and projects. Such financing programs include:

 

•

overseas investment credit to Korean companies that invest abroad in the form of capital subscription, acquisition of stocks and long-term credit;

 

•

overseas project credit to Korean companies or their overseas subsidiaries engaging in businesses outside Korea;

 

•

major resources development credit to Korean companies for development of natural resources and acquisition of mining rights abroad; and

 

•

overseas business credit to foreign companies in which Korean companies have an equity stake, in the form of funds for purchasing equipment or working capital.

As of December 31, 2025, overseas investment credits amounted to W37,383 billion, representing 40.8% of our total outstanding Loan Credits. Our disbursements of overseas investment credits in 2025 amounted to W17,321 billion, an increase of 8.8% from the previous year, and our new commitments of overseas investment credits in 2025 amounted to W17,717 billion, an increase of 16.6% from the previous year.

Proposals for overseas investment credits to finance the acquisition of important materials or the development of natural resources for the Korean economy, as determined by the Government, are given priority, together with projects that promote the export of Korean goods and services. As a result, projects financed by our overseas investment credit program have been mainly in the fields of manufacturing or development of natural resources

We offer overseas investment credits at either fixed or floating rates of interest with maturities up to 30 years. Such facilities may require security in the form of a bank guarantee, pledge or mortgage on the borrower’s local assets. Depending upon the size of the project, we will provide up to 100% of the financing required for the overseas investment project.

Import Credits

We offer import credits to Korean companies that directly import essential materials, natural resources and high-technology materials whose stable and timely supply is required for the growth of the national economy, maintenance of financial stability and quality of life, and promotion of exports and employment, or to Korean companies that import such items after developing them overseas.

 

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As of December 31, 2025, import credits in the amount of W12,112 billion represented 13.2% of our total outstanding Loan Credits. Our disbursements of import credits in 2025 amounted to W14,365 billion, an increase of 8.5% from the previous year, and our new commitments of import credits in 2025 amounted to W16,383 billion, an increase of 16.5% from the previous year.

We offer import credits at either fixed or floating rates of interest with maturities up to ten years for equipment and machinery and shorter maturities of up to two years for other items, which may require security in the form of a bank guarantee, pledge or mortgage on the borrower’s local assets. We generally provide up to 80% of the import contract amount, but provide up to 90% of the import contract amount in the case of small and medium-sized enterprises and up to 100% for transactions with a letter of credit opened by a bank.

Guarantee Operations

We provide guarantees in favor of Korean commercial banks and foreign banks or foreign importers in respect of the obligations of Korean exporters in order to facilitate export and import financings. Such guarantee programs for Korean exporters and importers include (1) financial guarantees to co-financing banks that provide loans for transactions that satisfy our eligibility requirements and (2) project-related guarantees to foreign importers for the performance of Korean exporters on eligible projects in the form of bid bonds, advance payment bonds, performance bonds and retention bonds. Guarantee commitments as of December 31, 2025 decreased to W62,276 billion from W63,590 billion as of December 31, 2024. Of such commitments, guarantees we had confirmed as of December 31, 2025 increased to W51,209 billion from W49,007 billion as of December 31, 2024.

Our financial guarantees are extended to domestic and foreign financial institutions in order to support the repayment of principal and interest on loans extended to borrowers in eligible transactions, in case of a payment default by the borrower.

Our project-related guarantees include the following:

 

•

advance payment guarantees that are issued to overseas importers of Korean goods and services to support obligations to refund down payments made to Korean exporters in the event of a failure to deliver the goods to be exported; and

 

•

performance guarantees that are issued to foreign importers to support the performance by Korean exporters of their contractual obligations.

In 2025, we provided W5,881 billion in financial guarantees and W10,677 billion in project-related confirmed guarantees, reflecting increases of 42.5% and 16.3%, respectively, from the previous year.

We also issue letters of credit to foreign exporters to assist in the financing of projects approved in connection with import credit loans, and to Korean exporters to assist in the financing of projects approved in connection with export credit loans.

For further information regarding our guarantee and letter of credit operations, see “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 36.”

Government Account Operations

Economic Development Cooperation Fund

In 1987, the Government established the Economic Development Cooperation Fund, or the EDCF, to provide loans, at concessional interest rates, to governments or agencies of developing countries for projects that

 

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contribute to industrial development or economic stabilization of such countries. We administer the EDCF on behalf of the Government and are responsible for project appraisal, documentation and administrative work relating to the EDCF Loans. The EDCF business accounts are maintained separately from our own account on behalf of the Government, and we derive no separate income or expenditures from our operation of the EDCF business. Government contributions constitute the primary funding source of the EDCF. Loan disbursements by the EDCF in 2025 amounted to W1,871 billion for 156 projects in 37 countries, an increase of 1.2% from the previous year. As of December 31, 2025, the total outstanding loans extended by the EDCF was W15,028 billion, an increase of 9.6% from the previous year.

Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund

In 1991, the Government established the Inter-Korean Cooperation Fund, or the IKCF, to promote mutual exchanges and cooperation between the Republic and North Korea by engaging in funding and financing activities to support family reunions, cultural events, academic seminars, trade and economic cooperation between the two countries. We administer the IKCF under the initiative and policy coordination of the Ministry of Unification. The IKCF accounts are maintained separately from our own account on behalf of the Government. Government contributions are the major funding source of the IKCF. The IKCF disbursements during 2025 amounted to W17 billion for 15 projects, and the cumulative total disbursements as of December 31, 2025 were W7,257 billion, an increase of 0.2% from W7,241 billion as of December 31, 2024.

Other Operations

Supply Chain Resilience Fund

In December 2023, the National Assembly passed the Framework Act on Supply Chain Stabilization Support for Economic Security (the “Act”), which became effective in June 2024 and was last amended in December 2025. The Act aims to bolster national level responses to the growing risks of supply chain disruptions in the global economy, which have been intensified by geopolitical conflicts in recent years. The Act mandates that a master plan on supply chain stabilization for economic security be established every three years to ensure the effective implementation of the Government’s initiatives as they relate to the stabilization of supply chains. In addition, the Government has established the Supply Chain Resilience Fund, or the SCRF, which we currently administer, operate and fund in accordance with the Act. By leveraging our expertise in international finance and export credit as well as our pre-existing commitment to supply chain stabilization, we plan to continue to coordinate closely with the Government to ensure the proper utilization of the SCRF.

We administer, operate and fund the SCRF under the guidance and supervision of the SCRF Steering Committee and the Minister of Finance and Economy. Pursuant to the Act, the SCRF Steering Committee, which is comprised of seven members designated by the Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of the Ministry of Finance and Economy, deliberates on and determines the direction of management and operation of the SCRF, and makes financial decisions of the SCRF based on the members’ extensive experience and knowledge in finance, economics and the relevant industries. The SCRF, whose account is maintained separately from our own account, is funded primarily through the issuances of Won-denominated and foreign currency-denominated notes, which are guaranteed unconditionally and irrevocably by the Government, subject to the National Assembly approving an amount constituting the total size of the guarantee to be given in any one year for the notes to be issued, which amount may vary from year to year. In December 2024, the National Assembly approved a Government guarantee limit of up to W10 trillion for the notes to be issued by the SCRF during the course of 2025. Subsequently in December 2025, the National Assembly authorized a new limit of up to W10 trillion for the 2026 issuance cycle. Also in December 2025, the Government amended the KEXIM Act to enable capital contributions to the SCRF to support efforts to strengthen supply chains and mitigate unexpected risks.

 

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Other Activities related to Financing

Other activities related to financing in which we currently engage include:

 

•

country information services performed by the Overseas Economic Research Institute, which conducts country studies and country risk evaluation to assist in the efficient utilization of our financial resources;

 

•

export credit advisory services, which are aimed at bringing about a larger share of overseas bidding by giving Korean exporters a wide range of knowledge on the country, industry, market and financial situation of the importing country in the early stage of the tendering process or contract negotiations;

 

•

consulting services by in-house professionals including lawyers, accountants and regional experts who consult on international transactions; and

 

•

management of Korea’s foreign direct investment database.

Description of Assets and Liabilities

Total Credit Exposure

We extend credits to support export and import transactions, overseas investment projects and other relevant products in various forms including loans and guarantees.

The following table sets out our Credit Exposure as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, categorized by type of exposure extended:

 

				As of December 31,
				2024								2025
				(billions of Won, except for percentages)
A		Loans in Won		W	28,277				20	%		W	28,086				20	%
B		Loans in Foreign Currencies			59,724				43	%			60,052				43	%
C		Loans (A+B)			88,001				64	%			88,138				63	%
D		Other Loans			3,844				3	%			3,524				3	%
E		Loan Credits (C+D)			91,845				66	%			91,662				65	%
F		Allowances for Loan Losses			(2,665	)			(2	)%			(1,937	)			(1	)%
G		Loan Credits including allowance for loan losses (E-F)			89,180				65	%			89,725				64	%
H		Guarantees			49,007				35	%			51,209				36	%
I		Credit Exposure (G+H)			138,187				100	%			140,934				100	%

Loan Credits by Geographic Area

The following table sets out the total amount of our outstanding Loan Credits as of December 31, 2024 and 2025, categorized by geographic area ⁽¹⁾:

 

		As of December 31,(1)								As % of 2025 Total
		2024				2025
		(billions of Won)
Asia(2)		W	77,717			W	75,452				82	%
Europe			9,227				11,088				12	%
America			3,167				3,674				4	%
Africa			1,734				1,448				2	%
Total		W	91,845			W	91,662				100	%

(1)

For purposes of this table, export credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the foreign buyers of Korean exports are located; overseas investment credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the overseas investments being financed are located; and import credits have been allocated to the geographic areas in which the sellers of the imported goods are located.

 

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(2)	Includes Australia and the Middle East.

Source: Internal accounting records

Economic Sanctions

The U.S. government, including the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC, administers and enforces certain laws and regulations, or U.S. primary sanctions, that prohibit or restrict dealings with or related to certain designated countries and territories, governments, entities and individuals, and entities 50% or greater owned by such parties, that take place within U.S. jurisdiction. U.S. primary sanctions include territorial sanctions that broadly prohibit transactions or dealings with or in designated countries and territories (currently, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, the Crimea region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic); blocking sanctions that generally prohibit transactions or dealings with or involving blocked persons or the property or interests in property of a blocked person; and non-blocking sanctions that prohibit or restrict specific kinds of transactions or dealings, including, for example, dealings in debt or equity issued by certain designated parties. For example, Iran currently is and has been subject to U.S. territorial sanctions. In addition, as a result of the ongoing conflict involving Ukraine, the United States, along with the European Union, the United Kingdom, Korea, Singapore and other major jurisdictions, has adopted new, additional and/or enhanced sanctions on Russia. Although U.S. primary sanctions generally are not applicable to non-U.S. persons (although certain U.S. primary sanctions programs do apply to the non-U.S. subsidiaries of U.S. companies), non-U.S. persons can be held liable for violations of U.S. primary sanctions to the extent they participate in prohibited transactions or dealings within U.S. jurisdiction (including, for example, transactions or dealings involving U.S. goods or services, U.S. persons, or U.S. dollar payments). Violations of U.S. primary sanctions can result in substantial civil or, in the case of willful violations, criminal penalties.

In addition to U.S. primary sanctions, the United States maintains so-called “secondary sanctions” that authorize the U.S. government to impose a variety of sanctions, including blocking sanctions, on non-U.S. parties that engage in targeted activities, including, for example, certain dealings relating to Iran and Russia or blocked persons, outside of U.S. jurisdiction. The imposition of U.S. secondary sanctions is not automatic, and instead requires specific action by the U.S. government. In practice, U.S. secondary sanctions are highly discretionary and may be strongly influenced by political considerations, and accordingly, are difficult to predict. Our business and reputation could be adversely affected, for example, if the U.S. government were to determine that our activities, or the activities of any of our counterparties, involve sanctionable activity under U.S. secondary sanctions.

In addition, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Korea, Singapore and other major jurisdictions administer and enforce their own sanctions programs that target certain countries and territories, governments, entities and individuals in varying respects that we or certain of our dealings may be subject to.

Furthermore, we are aware, through press reports and other means, of initiatives by certain governmental entities and institutions in the United States, such as universities and pension funds, to adopt laws, regulations or policies prohibiting transactions with or investment in, or requiring divestment from, entities doing business with or related to certain countries, including Iran. For the reasons discussed below, it is possible that such initiatives may result in our being unable to gain or retain entities subject to such prohibitions as customers or as investors in our debt securities. In addition, our reputation may suffer due to our limited association with Iran and Russia. Such a result could have significant adverse effects on our business or the price of our debt securities.

We currently have no active dealings related to Iran and did not have any loans outstanding to Iran as of December 31, 2023, 2024 and 2025. Our business previously included activities related to Iran consisting solely of the extension of credit and financing provided in connection with the export of Korean goods and services to Iran and the disbursement of Iran-related credits directly to Korean suppliers or exporters. These transactions did not involve any U.S. jurisdictional nexus, and such transactions were subject to policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable Korean laws and regulations, including sanctions.

 

17

We engage in limited business related to Russia, including dealings with the government of the Russian Federation under a legacy loan arrangement, the extension of credit to two Russian financial institutions that have been designated for U.S. (but not Singaporean) blocking sanctions and three guarantee arrangements involving three Russian companies that are currently subject to U.S. (but not Singaporean) sanctions, as well as limited exposure to Russian subsidiaries of Korean companies relating to existing credit facilities.

As of December 31, 2025, the government of the Russian Federation owed us approximately US$32 million pursuant to a legacy loan arrangement resulting from a commodity loan we extended to Vnesheconombank, formerly the Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs of the Soviet Union and now the Russian Federation state development corporation, in the early 1990s. The loan was initially guaranteed by the government of the Soviet Union; the guarantee was subsequently assumed by the government of the Russian Federation. Our dealings under the loan arrangement are formally with the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which has been designated for various sanctions, including U.S. sanctions. As of December 31, 2025, the government of the Russian Federation has paid back approximately 84.2% of the loan. The loan is classified as precautionary in terms of asset quality (based on previous repayment activity and our internal credit rating system). The provisioning level we established for the credit exposure as of December 31, 2025 was 7.8%. Dealings with the government of the Russian Federation under the loan arrangement have historically included payments in U.S. dollars involving U.S. financial institutions. In February 2022, we paused all dealings (including any payments under the loan arrangement) with the government of the Russian Federation. In December 2022, we accepted payments in two installments of an aggregate of US$10 million from the government of the Russian Federation under the loan arrangement that was specifically authorized by OFAC. Besides such payments, our dealings with the government of the Russian Federation remain paused. We are continuing to evaluate the loan arrangement, including compliance with applicable sanctions.

Our arrangements with two Russian financial institutions, which involve the extension of credit and have historically included dealings in U.S. dollars involving U.S. financial institutions, were all in place prior to February 2022. As of December 31, 2025, the two Russian financial institutions owed us approximately US$200 million. The provisioning level we established for that credit exposure as of December 31, 2025 was 99.9%. In 2022, we paused all dealings with the Russian financial institutions, and such dealings remain paused, meaning we have not engaged in any additional dealings (including any payments under the credit arrangements) with the Russian financial institutions since 2022 and we are currently unable to accept any payments from the Russian financial institutions under the credit arrangements. We are continuing to evaluate these credit arrangements, including compliance with applicable sanctions.

We entered into a guarantee arrangement in 2020 that involves a Russian company that became subject to U.S. blocking sanctions in 2023. To date, we have made no payments to the Russian company under such guarantee arrangement, which expired in May 2025.

Similarly, we have two legacy guarantee arrangements from 2020 and 2022 with non-sanctioned Japanese and Korean companies that involve Russian companies that subsequently became subject to U.S. blocking sanctions. The principal amount under each guarantee arrangement is approximately US$350 million and US$353 million, respectively. To date, we have made no payments to the Russian companies under either of the guarantee arrangements, and all transactions have been paused with respect to these agreements since the designation of the relevant Russian companies. We are continuing to evaluate the above guarantee arrangements, including compliance with applicable sanctions.

We believe that the above dealings have been conducted at all times in full compliance with applicable sanctions. We do not have any other dealings with the government of the Russian Federation, any Russian Federation government stated-owned entities, or any other sanctioned Russian parties.

 

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Individual Exposure

The KEXIM Decree imposes limits on our aggregate credits extended to a single person or business group, with which requirements we are in compliance as of the date hereof. However, our large exposure to various business groups in Korea means that we are also exposed to financial difficulties experienced by our borrowers as a result of, among other things, adverse economic conditions in Korea and globally. For example, the hostilities in the Middle East (including as a result of the ongoing military conflicts between Iran and other countries, including the United States and Israel), the Russia-Ukraine war and ensuing actions taken by the United States and other countries, fluctuations in policy interest rates globally (including Korea) to combat inflationary pressures and, more recently, the political situation in Korea relating to the impeachment of former President Yoon in April 2025 following his declaration of martial law in December 2024, among others, have had, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on the business, activities and operations of many of our borrowers, including large business groups, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the ability of our borrowers to meet existing payment or other obligations to us. See “The Republic of Korea—The Economy—Worldwide Economic and Financial Difficulties.” A continued deterioration in the financial condition of our borrowers could result in a deterioration in the quality of our loan portfolio, which in turn could result in an increase in delinquency ratios, increased charge-offs and higher provisioning, as well as an increase in impairment losses on such loans, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

As of December 31, 2025, our largest Credit Exposure was to Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd. (formerly Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd., or DSME) in the amount of W6,997 billion. As of December 31, 2025, our second largest and third largest Credit Exposures, respectively, were to HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. in the amount of W5,081 billion and to Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. in the amount of W3,480 billion.

The following table sets out our five largest Credit Exposures as of December 31, 2025⁽¹⁾:

 

Rank		Name of Borrower		Loan Credits				Guarantees				Total
				(billions of Won)
1		Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd.		W	1,572			W	5,425			W	6,997
2		HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.			—				5,081				5,081
3		Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.			627				2,853				3,480
4		Hanwha Aerospace Co., Ltd.			245				1,968				2,212
5		HD Hyundai Samho Co., Ltd.			—				1,958				1,958

(1)	Excludes loans and guarantees extended to affiliates.

Source: Internal accounting records.

In recent years, DSME (now Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd.), one of the largest shipbuilding and offshore construction companies in Korea, suffered from financial difficulties primarily due to significant losses incurred in connection with the construction of offshore plants resulting from a prolonged slowdown in the global shipbuilding industry. In October 2015, we announced that we, along with The Korea Development Bank, plan to provide financial support to DSME, including provision of liquidity support of up to W4.2 trillion. In December 2016, in a bid to improve DSME’s capital structure, we exchanged a term loan in the amount of W1 trillion provided by us to DSME for perpetual bonds newly issued by DSME, while The Korea Development Bank engaged in debt-for-equity swaps amounting to W1.8 trillion. In March 2017, we and The Korea Development Bank announced a second joint plan to provide an additional W2.9 trillion in financial support to DSME, which was approved by the other creditors in April 2017. Based on such plan, we exchanged a term loan in the amount of W1.28 trillion provided by us to DSME for perpetual bonds issued by DSME and The Korea Development Bank provided additional debt-to-equity swaps of W0.3 trillion in June 2017. Other creditors also provided debt-to-equity swaps for up to 80% of their debt with DSME and rescheduled the maturities of the remainder. Subsequently, in March 2019, HHI entered into a definitive agreement with The Korea Development Bank to

 

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acquire DSME. In January 2022, however, the European Commission announced that it would not grant approval for such acquisition due to anti-competition concerns for LNG carriers. In December 2022, Hanwha Group entered into a definitive agreement with The Korea Development Bank to acquire a 49.3% equity stake in DSME for approximately W2 trillion, which has since received regulatory approval from all relevant jurisdictions. The acquisition closed in May 2023, upon which DSME became an affiliate of Hanwha Group and changed its name to Hanwha Ocean Co., Ltd.

Asset Quality

The Supervisory Regulation of Banking Business, or the Supervisory Regulation, legislated by the Financial Services Commission requires banks, including us, to analyze and classify their credits into one of five categories as normal, precautionary, substandard, doubtful or estimated loss by taking into account borrowers’ repayment capacity as well as a number of other factors including the financial position, profitability, transaction history of the relevant borrower and the value of any collateral or guarantee taken as security for the extension of credit. Categorizations are applied to all loans except call loans and interbank loans, which are classified as normal. Credit categorizations are as follows:

 

Normal		Credits extended to customers which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, do not raise concerns regarding their ability to repay the credits.
Precautionary		Credits extended to customers (1) which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have potential risks with respect to their ability to repay the credits in the future, although there have not occurred any immediate risks of default in repayment; or (2) which are in arrears for one month or more but less than three months.
Substandard		(1) Credits extended to customers, which in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have incurred considerable risks for default in repayment as the customers’ ability to repay has deteriorated; or (2) that portion which is expected to be collected of total credits (a) extended to customers which have been in arrears for three months or more, (b) extended to customers which are judged to have incurred serious risks due to the occurrence of final refusal to pay their promissory notes, liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings, or closure of their businesses or (c) of “Doubtful Customers” or “Estimated-loss Customers” (each as defined below).
Doubtful		That portion of credits in excess of the amount expected to be collected of total credits extended to (1) customers, or Doubtful Customers, which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have incurred serious risks of default in repayment due to noticeable deterioration in their ability to repay; or (2) customers which have been in arrears for three months or more but less than twelve months.
Estimated Loss		That portion of credits in excess of the amount expected to be collected of total credits extended to (1) customers, or Estimated-loss Customers, which, in consideration of their business and operations, financial conditions and future cash flows, are judged to have to be accounted as a loss as the inability to repay became certain due to serious deterioration in their ability to repay; (2) customers which have been in arrears for twelve months or more; or (3) customers which are judged to have incurred serious risks of default in repayment due to the occurrence of final refusal to pay their promissory notes, liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings, or closure of their businesses.

 

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Under K-IFRS, we establish provisions for credit losses with respect to loans using either a case-by-case or collective approach. We assess individually significant loans on a case-by-case basis and other loans on a collective basis. In addition, if we determine that no objective evidence of impairment exists for a loan, we include such loan in a group of loans with similar credit risk characteristics and assess them collectively for impairment regardless of whether such loan is significant. If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been incurred for individually significant loans, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the financial asset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at such asset’s original effective interest rate. Future cash flows are estimated through a case-by-case analysis of individually assessed assets, which takes into account the benefit of any guarantee or other collateral held. The value and timing of future cash flow receipts are based on available estimates in conjunction with facts available at the time of review and reassessed on a periodic basis as new information becomes available. For collectively assessed loans, we base the level of provisions for credit losses on a portfolio basis in light of the homogenous nature of the assets included in each portfolio. The provisions are determined based on a quantitative review of the relevant portfolio, taking into account such factors as the level of arrears, the value of any security, and historical and projected cash recovery trends over the recovery period. For more detailed information regarding our loan loss provisioning policy, see “—Financial Statements and the Auditors—Notes to Separate Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024—Note 3(7).”

Asset Classifications

The following table provides information on our loan loss reserves:

 

		As of December 31, 2024								As of December 31, 2025
		Loan Amount(1)				Loan Loss Reserve(2)(3)				Loan Amount(1)				Loan Loss Reserve(2)(3)
		(billions of Won)
Normal		W	189,747			W	2,743			W	189,542			W	1,923
Precautionary			532				95				305				25
Sub-standard			940				726				869				700
Doubtful			159				143				150				138
Estimated Loss			286				270				271				251
Total		W	191,665			W	3,976			W	191,137			W	3,036

(1)	These figures include loans (excluding interbank loans and call loans), domestic usance bills, bills bought, notes bought, advances for customers, confirmed and unconfirmed acceptances and guarantees and unused loan commitments, among others.

(2)	Consists of (i) allowance for loan losses, (ii) provisions for confirmed and unconfirmed acceptances and guarantees and (iii) certain financial guarantee contract liabilities.

(3)	These figures include present value discount.

 

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