N-2 |
6 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Apr. 30, 2026 | |
| Cover [Abstract] | |
| Entity Central Index Key | 0001793882 |
| Amendment Flag | false |
| Entity Inv Company Type | N-2 |
| Document Type | N-CSRS |
| Entity Registrant Name | Cohen & Steers Tax‑Advantaged Preferred Securities and Income Fund |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block] | The Fund’s primary investment objective is high current income. The Fund’s secondary investment objective is capital appreciation. |
| Risk Factors [Table Text Block] | Note 8. Other Risks Risk of Market Price Discount from Net Asset Value: Shares of closed‑end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that NAV could decrease as a result of investment activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period following completion of this offering. Whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of the shares will depend not upon the Fund’s NAV but entirely upon whether the market price of the shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s purchase price for the shares. Because the market price of the shares will be determined by factors such as relative supply of and demand for shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, Fund shares may trade at, above or below NAV, or at below or above the initial public offering price. Preferred Securities Risk: Preferred securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that a security will decline in price, or the issuer of the security will fail to make dividend, interest or principal payments when due, because the issuer experiences a decline in its financial status. Preferred securities are also subject to interest rate risk and may decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case in an environment of low interest rates and the effect of potential government fiscal policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives. In addition, an issuer may be permitted to defer or omit distributions. Preferred securities are also generally subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure. During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may be able to exercise an option to redeem (call) its issue at par earlier than scheduled, and the Fund may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. Certain preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other securities, such as common stocks. Generally, preferred security holders have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless certain events occur. Certain preferred securities may give the issuers special redemption rights allowing the securities to be redeemed prior to a specified date if certain events occur, such as changes to tax or securities laws. Contingent Capital Securities Risk: Contingent capital securities (sometimes referred to as “CoCos”) are debt or preferred securities with loss absorption characteristics built into the terms of the security, for example, a mandatory conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as the issuer’s capital ratio falling below a certain level. Since the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in these instruments could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero, and conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, hence worsening the investor’s standing in a bankruptcy. Some CoCos provide for a reduction in the value or principal amount of the security (potentially to zero) under such circumstances. In March 2023, a Swiss regulator required a write-down of outstanding CoCos to zero notwithstanding the fact that the equity shares continued to exist and have economic value. It is currently unclear whether regulators of issuers in other jurisdictions will take similar actions. Notwithstanding these risks, the Fund intends to continue to invest in CoCos issued by Swiss companies and by companies in other jurisdictions. In addition, most CoCos are considered to be high yield or “junk” securities and are therefore subject to the risks of investing in below investment-grade securities. Finally, CoCo issuers can, at their discretion, suspend dividend distributions on their CoCo securities and are more likely to do so in response to negative economic conditions and/or government regulation. Omitted distributions are typically non‑cumulative and will not be paid on a future date. Any omitted distribution may negatively impact the returns or distribution rate of the Fund. Concentration Risk: Because the Fund invests at least 25% of its managed assets in the financials sector, it will be more susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting this sector, such as changes in interest rates, loan concentration and competition. In addition, the Fund will also be subject to the risks of investing in the individual industries and securities that comprise the financials sector, including the bank, diversified financials, real estate (including REITs) and insurance industries. To the extent that the Fund focuses its investments in other sectors or industries, such as (but not limited to) energy, industrials, utilities, pipelines, health care and telecommunications, the Fund will be subject to the risks associated with these particular sectors and industries. These sectors and industries may be adversely affected by, among others, changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions. Credit and Below-Investment-Grade Securities Risk: Preferred securities may be rated below-investment-grade or may be unrated. Below-investment-grade securities, or equivalent unrated securities, which are commonly known as “high-yield bonds” or “junk bonds,” generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of income and principal, and may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher grade securities. It is reasonable to expect that any adverse economic conditions could disrupt the market for lower-rated securities, have an adverse impact on the value of those securities and adversely affect the ability of the issuers of those securities to repay principal and interest on those securities. Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is the risk that particular investments of the Fund may become difficult to sell or purchase. The market for certain investments may become less liquid or illiquid due to adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer or due to adverse market or economic conditions. In addition, dealer inventories of certain securities, which provide an indication of the ability of dealers to engage in “market making,” are at, or near, historic lows in relation to market size, which has the potential to increase price volatility in the fixed income markets in which the Fund invests. Federal banking regulations may also cause certain dealers to reduce their inventories of certain securities, which may further decrease the Fund’s ability to buy or sell such securities. As a result of this decreased liquidity, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on performance. Further, transactions in less liquid or illiquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities. Foreign (Non‑U.S.) and Emerging Market Securities Risk: The Fund directly purchases securities of foreign issuers. Risks of investing in foreign securities include currency risks, future political and economic developments and possible imposition of foreign withholding taxes on income or proceeds payable on the securities. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than about a domestic issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping standards and requirements as domestic issuers. Moreover, securities of many foreign issuers and their markets may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers. Foreign Currency Risk: Although the Fund will report its NAV and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, foreign securities often are purchased with and make any dividend and interest payments in foreign currencies. Therefore, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities will be subject to foreign currency risk, which means that the Fund’s NAV could decline solely as a result of changes in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability of issuers of foreign securities to make payment of principal, dividends and interest to investors located outside the country, due to blockage of foreign currency exchanges or otherwise. The Fund may, but is not required to, engage in various investments that are designed to hedge the Fund’s foreign currency risks, and such investments are subject to the risks described under “Derivatives and Hedging Transactions Risk” below. Leverage Risk: The use of leverage is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs associated with leverage. The NAV of the Fund’s shares may be reduced by the issuance and ongoing costs of leverage. So long as the Fund is able to invest in securities that produce an investment yield that is greater than the total cost of leverage, the leverage strategy will produce higher current net investment income for the shareholders. On the other hand, to the extent that the total cost of leverage exceeds the incremental income gained from employing such leverage, shareholders would realize lower net investment income. In addition to the impact on net income, the use of leverage will have an effect of magnifying capital appreciation or depreciation for shareholders. Specifically, in an up market, leverage will typically generate greater capital appreciation than if the Fund were not employing leverage. Conversely, in down markets, the use of leverage will generally result in greater capital depreciation than if the Fund had been unlevered. To the extent that the Fund is required or elects to reduce its leverage, the Fund may need to liquidate investments, including under adverse economic conditions which may result in capital losses potentially reducing returns to shareholders. The use of leverage also results in the investment fees payable to the investment manager being higher than if the Fund did not use leverage and can increase operating costs, which may reduce total return. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed. Derivatives and Hedging Transactions Risk: The Fund’s use of derivatives, including for the purpose of hedging interest rate or foreign currency risks, presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. Among the risks presented are counterparty risk, financial leverage risk, liquidity risk, OTC trading risk and tracking risk. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying asset, index or rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives. Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk: Geopolitical and market events (including armed conflicts, terrorism, natural disasters, public health emergencies, trade disputes, tariffs, sanctions, and political or economic instability) can cause significant volatility in global markets and may adversely affect the Fund’s investments. Disruptions to supply chains, sharp movements in commodity prices, and changes in investor sentiment or credit conditions may negatively impact issuers, sectors, or entire regions, even those not directly involved in the originating event. Recent examples include the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East and increasing political polarization around issues such as trade policy, monetary policy and the U.S. debt ceiling. The rapid development and regulation of artificial intelligence technologies may also introduce uncertainty. The scope, severity, and duration of these risks are difficult to predict, but they could materially reduce the value of the Fund’s investments. Regulatory Risk: Legal and regulatory developments may adversely affect the Fund. The regulatory environment for the Fund is evolving, and changes in the regulation of investment funds and other financial institutions or products (such as banking or insurance products), and their trading activities and capital markets, or a regulator’s disagreement with the Fund’s interpretation of the application of certain regulations, may adversely affect the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy, its ability to obtain leverage and financing, and the value of investments held by the Fund. The U.S. government has proposed and adopted multiple regulations that could have a long-lasting impact on the Fund and on the fund industry in general. These regulations or any laws and regulations that maybe adopted in the future may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in transactions or raise additional capital and/or increase overall expenses of the Fund. Additional legislative or regulatory actions may alter or impair certain market participants’ ability to utilize certain investment strategies and techniques. The Fund and the instruments in which it invests may be subject to new or additional regulatory constraints in the future. While the full extent of all of these regulations is still unclear, these regulations and actions may adversely affect both the Fund and the instruments in which the Fund invests and its ability to execute its investment strategy. For example, climate change regulation (such as decarbonization legislation, other mandatory controls to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, or related disclosure requirements) could significantly affect the Fund or its investments by, among other things, increasing compliance costs or underlying companies’ operating costs and capital expenditures. Similarly, regulatory developments in other countries may have an unpredictable and adverse impact on the Fund. Cybersecurity Risk: With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and artificial intelligence including machine learning technology and generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT (collectively, AI Technologies) and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund and its service providers (including the investment manager), and their own service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or other technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website or company system, misappropriating or releasing confidential information without authorization (including personal data), gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets and causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial‑of‑service. New ways to carry out cyber-attacks continue to develop. There may be an increased risk of cyber-attacks during periods of geopolitical or military conflict, and geopolitical tensions may increase the scale and sophistication of deliberate cyber security attacks, particularly those from nation-states or from entities with nation-state backing. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund, the investment manager, or a custodian, transfer agent, or other affiliated or third-party service provider may adversely affect the Fund or its shareholders. Each of the Fund and the investment manager may have limited ability to detect, prevent or mitigate cyber-attacks or security or technology breakdowns affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers. While the Fund has established business continuity plans and systems designed to detect, prevent or reduce the impact of cyber-attacks, such plans and systems are subject to inherent limitations.
|
| Risk of Market Price Discount from Net Asset Value [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Risk of Market Price Discount from Net Asset Value: Shares of closed‑end investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their NAV. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that NAV could decrease as a result of investment activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period following completion of this offering. Whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of the shares will depend not upon the Fund’s NAV but entirely upon whether the market price of the shares at the time of sale is above or below the investor’s purchase price for the shares. Because the market price of the shares will be determined by factors such as relative supply of and demand for shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, Fund shares may trade at, above or below NAV, or at below or above the initial public offering price.
|
| Preferred Securities Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Preferred Securities Risk: Preferred securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that a security will decline in price, or the issuer of the security will fail to make dividend, interest or principal payments when due, because the issuer experiences a decline in its financial status. Preferred securities are also subject to interest rate risk and may decline in value because of changes in market interest rates. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates than would normally be the case in an environment of low interest rates and the effect of potential government fiscal policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives. In addition, an issuer may be permitted to defer or omit distributions. Preferred securities are also generally subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure. During periods of declining interest rates, an issuer may be able to exercise an option to redeem (call) its issue at par earlier than scheduled, and the Fund may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. Certain preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other securities, such as common stocks. Generally, preferred security holders have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless certain events occur. Certain preferred securities may give the issuers special redemption rights allowing the securities to be redeemed prior to a specified date if certain events occur, such as changes to tax or securities laws.
|
| Contingent Capital Securities Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Contingent Capital Securities Risk: Contingent capital securities (sometimes referred to as “CoCos”) are debt or preferred securities with loss absorption characteristics built into the terms of the security, for example, a mandatory conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as the issuer’s capital ratio falling below a certain level. Since the common stock of the issuer may not pay a dividend, investors in these instruments could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero, and conversion would deepen the subordination of the investor, hence worsening the investor’s standing in a bankruptcy. Some CoCos provide for a reduction in the value or principal amount of the security (potentially to zero) under such circumstances. In March 2023, a Swiss regulator required a write-down of outstanding CoCos to zero notwithstanding the fact that the equity shares continued to exist and have economic value. It is currently unclear whether regulators of issuers in other jurisdictions will take similar actions. Notwithstanding these risks, the Fund intends to continue to invest in CoCos issued by Swiss companies and by companies in other jurisdictions. In addition, most CoCos are considered to be high yield or “junk” securities and are therefore subject to the risks of investing in below investment-grade securities. Finally, CoCo issuers can, at their discretion, suspend dividend distributions on their CoCo securities and are more likely to do so in response to negative economic conditions and/or government regulation. Omitted distributions are typically non‑cumulative and will not be paid on a future date. Any omitted distribution may negatively impact the returns or distribution rate of the Fund.
|
| Concentration Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Concentration Risk: Because the Fund invests at least 25% of its managed assets in the financials sector, it will be more susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting this sector, such as changes in interest rates, loan concentration and competition. In addition, the Fund will also be subject to the risks of investing in the individual industries and securities that comprise the financials sector, including the bank, diversified financials, real estate (including REITs) and insurance industries. To the extent that the Fund focuses its investments in other sectors or industries, such as (but not limited to) energy, industrials, utilities, pipelines, health care and telecommunications, the Fund will be subject to the risks associated with these particular sectors and industries. These sectors and industries may be adversely affected by, among others, changes in government regulation, world events and economic conditions.
|
| Credit and Below Investment Grade Securities Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Credit and Below-Investment-Grade Securities Risk: Preferred securities may be rated below-investment-grade or may be unrated. Below-investment-grade securities, or equivalent unrated securities, which are commonly known as “high-yield bonds” or “junk bonds,” generally involve greater volatility of price and risk of loss of income and principal, and may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher grade securities. It is reasonable to expect that any adverse economic conditions could disrupt the market for lower-rated securities, have an adverse impact on the value of those securities and adversely affect the ability of the issuers of those securities to repay principal and interest on those securities.
|
| Liquidity Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Liquidity Risk: Liquidity risk is the risk that particular investments of the Fund may become difficult to sell or purchase. The market for certain investments may become less liquid or illiquid due to adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer or due to adverse market or economic conditions. In addition, dealer inventories of certain securities, which provide an indication of the ability of dealers to engage in “market making,” are at, or near, historic lows in relation to market size, which has the potential to increase price volatility in the fixed income markets in which the Fund invests. Federal banking regulations may also cause certain dealers to reduce their inventories of certain securities, which may further decrease the Fund’s ability to buy or sell such securities. As a result of this decreased liquidity, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on performance. Further, transactions in less liquid or illiquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities.
|
| Foreign Non U S and Emerging Market Securities Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Foreign (Non‑U.S.) and Emerging Market Securities Risk: The Fund directly purchases securities of foreign issuers. Risks of investing in foreign securities include currency risks, future political and economic developments and possible imposition of foreign withholding taxes on income or proceeds payable on the securities. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than about a domestic issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping standards and requirements as domestic issuers. Moreover, securities of many foreign issuers and their markets may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. issuers.
|
| Foreign Currency Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Foreign Currency Risk: Although the Fund will report its NAV and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, foreign securities often are purchased with and make any dividend and interest payments in foreign currencies. Therefore, the Fund’s investments in foreign securities will be subject to foreign currency risk, which means that the Fund’s NAV could decline solely as a result of changes in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Certain foreign countries may impose restrictions on the ability of issuers of foreign securities to make payment of principal, dividends and interest to investors located outside the country, due to blockage of foreign currency exchanges or otherwise. The Fund may, but is not required to, engage in various investments that are designed to hedge the Fund’s foreign currency risks, and such investments are subject to the risks described under “Derivatives and Hedging Transactions Risk” below.
|
| Leverage Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Leverage Risk: The use of leverage is a speculative technique and there are special risks and costs associated with leverage. The NAV of the Fund’s shares may be reduced by the issuance and ongoing costs of leverage. So long as the Fund is able to invest in securities that produce an investment yield that is greater than the total cost of leverage, the leverage strategy will produce higher current net investment income for the shareholders. On the other hand, to the extent that the total cost of leverage exceeds the incremental income gained from employing such leverage, shareholders would realize lower net investment income. In addition to the impact on net income, the use of leverage will have an effect of magnifying capital appreciation or depreciation for shareholders. Specifically, in an up market, leverage will typically generate greater capital appreciation than if the Fund were not employing leverage. Conversely, in down markets, the use of leverage will generally result in greater capital depreciation than if the Fund had been unlevered. To the extent that the Fund is required or elects to reduce its leverage, the Fund may need to liquidate investments, including under adverse economic conditions which may result in capital losses potentially reducing returns to shareholders. The use of leverage also results in the investment fees payable to the investment manager being higher than if the Fund did not use leverage and can increase operating costs, which may reduce total return. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful during any period in which it is employed.
|
| Derivatives and Hedging Transactions Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Derivatives and Hedging Transactions Risk: The Fund’s use of derivatives, including for the purpose of hedging interest rate or foreign currency risks, presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. Among the risks presented are counterparty risk, financial leverage risk, liquidity risk, OTC trading risk and tracking risk. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying asset, index or rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives.
|
| Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk: Geopolitical and market events (including armed conflicts, terrorism, natural disasters, public health emergencies, trade disputes, tariffs, sanctions, and political or economic instability) can cause significant volatility in global markets and may adversely affect the Fund’s investments. Disruptions to supply chains, sharp movements in commodity prices, and changes in investor sentiment or credit conditions may negatively impact issuers, sectors, or entire regions, even those not directly involved in the originating event. Recent examples include the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East and increasing political polarization around issues such as trade policy, monetary policy and the U.S. debt ceiling. The rapid development and regulation of artificial intelligence technologies may also introduce uncertainty. The scope, severity, and duration of these risks are difficult to predict, but they could materially reduce the value of the Fund’s investments.
|
| Regulatory Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Regulatory Risk: Legal and regulatory developments may adversely affect the Fund. The regulatory environment for the Fund is evolving, and changes in the regulation of investment funds and other financial institutions or products (such as banking or insurance products), and their trading activities and capital markets, or a regulator’s disagreement with the Fund’s interpretation of the application of certain regulations, may adversely affect the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy, its ability to obtain leverage and financing, and the value of investments held by the Fund. The U.S. government has proposed and adopted multiple regulations that could have a long-lasting impact on the Fund and on the fund industry in general. These regulations or any laws and regulations that maybe adopted in the future may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in transactions or raise additional capital and/or increase overall expenses of the Fund. Additional legislative or regulatory actions may alter or impair certain market participants’ ability to utilize certain investment strategies and techniques. The Fund and the instruments in which it invests may be subject to new or additional regulatory constraints in the future. While the full extent of all of these regulations is still unclear, these regulations and actions may adversely affect both the Fund and the instruments in which the Fund invests and its ability to execute its investment strategy. For example, climate change regulation (such as decarbonization legislation, other mandatory controls to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, or related disclosure requirements) could significantly affect the Fund or its investments by, among other things, increasing compliance costs or underlying companies’ operating costs and capital expenditures. Similarly, regulatory developments in other countries may have an unpredictable and adverse impact on the Fund.
|
| Cybersecurity Risk [Member] | |
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | |
| Risk [Text Block] | Cybersecurity Risk: With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and artificial intelligence including machine learning technology and generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT (collectively, AI Technologies) and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund and its service providers (including the investment manager), and their own service providers, may be susceptible to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or other technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website or company system, misappropriating or releasing confidential information without authorization (including personal data), gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets and causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial‑of‑service. New ways to carry out cyber-attacks continue to develop. There may be an increased risk of cyber-attacks during periods of geopolitical or military conflict, and geopolitical tensions may increase the scale and sophistication of deliberate cyber security attacks, particularly those from nation-states or from entities with nation-state backing. Successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund, the investment manager, or a custodian, transfer agent, or other affiliated or third-party service provider may adversely affect the Fund or its shareholders. Each of the Fund and the investment manager may have limited ability to detect, prevent or mitigate cyber-attacks or security or technology breakdowns affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers. While the Fund has established business continuity plans and systems designed to detect, prevent or reduce the impact of cyber-attacks, such plans and systems are subject to inherent limitations.
|