The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. There may be circumstances that could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment goal and you may lose money by investing in the Fund. You should carefully consider the Fund’s investment risks before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. The order of the below risk factors does not indicate the significance of any particular risk factor and the relative significance of each risk below may change over time.

Stock Market Risk: Overall stock market risks may affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as domestic and foreign economic growth and market conditions, interest rate levels, pandemics, natural disasters, and political events affect the securities markets. Movements in the stock market may affect adversely the specific securities held by the Fund on a daily basis, and, as a result, such movements may negatively affect the Fund’s net asset value per share (“NAV”). When the value of the Fund’s investments goes down, your investment in the Fund decreases in value and you could lose money.

Stock Selection Risk: The stocks in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in value or not increase in value when the stock market in general is increasing or decreasing in value and you could lose money.

Management Risk: Fund management’s skill in choosing appropriate investments will play a large part in determining whether the Fund is able to achieve its investment objective. To the extent appropriate investments are not chosen, the Fund may decline in value and you could lose money.

Short Sales Risk: The Fund may make short sales, which involves selling a security it does not own in anticipation that the security’s price will decline. Short sales may involve substantial risk and leverage. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to buy the security sold short (also known as “covering” the short position) at a time when the security has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund.

Sector Risk: The Fund may focus its investments within particular sectors. If that is the case, any development affecting that sector will have a greater impact on the value of the net assets of the Fund than would be the case if the Fund did not have significant investments in that sector. In addition, this may increase the risk of loss in the Fund and increase the volatility of the Fund’s NAV per share. For instance, economic or market factors, regulatory changes or other developments may negatively impact all companies in a particular sector, and therefore the value of the Fund’s portfolio will be adversely affected.

Value Investing Risk: There is a risk that value securities may not increase in price as anticipated by the Sub-Advisor, and may even decline further in value, if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value, or favor investing in faster-growing companies, or if the events or factors that the Sub-Advisor believes will increase a security’s market value do not occur.

Foreign Securities Risk: There may be less information about foreign companies in the form of reports and ratings than about U.S. issuers. Foreign issuers may not be subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. Certain foreign markets may not be as developed or efficient as those in the United States, and there may be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed issuers than in the United States. Investments in foreign securities also subject the Fund to risks associated with fluctuations in currency values. In addition, foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its securities, and the value of the Fund’s securities may change on days when shareholders may not be able to purchase or sell shares of the Fund.

Smaller and Mid-Sized Companies Risk: There is the risk that the securities of such issuers may be comparatively more volatile in price than those of companies with larger capitalizations, and may lack the depth of management and established markets for their products and/or services that may be associated with investments in larger issuers.

Derivatives Risk: Derivatives are investments the value of which is “derived” from the value of an underlying asset (including an underlying security), reference rate or index. The value of derivatives may rise or fall more rapidly than other investments. For some derivatives, it is possible to lose more than the amount invested in the derivative. If the Fund uses derivatives to “hedge” the overall risk of its portfolio, it is possible that the hedge may not succeed. This may happen for various reasons, including unexpected changes in the value of the rest of the Fund’s portfolio. Over the counter derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party to the contract will not fulfill its contractual obligation to complete the transaction with the Fund.

Use of Leverage: Using derivatives can create leverage, which can amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price and make the Fund’s returns more volatile. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund to have higher expenses than those of mutual funds that do not use such techniques. The low initial investment normally required in trading derivatives permit a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement may result in an immediate and substantial loss.

Swap Agreement Risk: Swap agreements are a type of derivative instrument that subjects the Fund to counterparty credit, liquidity, and correlation risks, including that: (i) the Fund may not be able to enter into replacement swap agreements in the event a current swap is terminated (ii) unfunded swap agreements may involve greater leverage risks than funded swaps; (iii) the swap agreement may not reflect the performance of the underlying asset as expected due to differences in calculation methods or expenses; and (iv) during market disruptions, the Fund may be unable to enter into new swap agreements or adjust existing positions at favorable prices. In volatile markets, the Fund may not be able to close out a position without incurring a significant amount of loss.

Spot Foreign Exchange (FX) Contract Risk: Spot foreign exchange (FX) contracts are a type of derivative instrument that subjects the Fund to intraday volatility risk and counterparty risk. Although spot contracts settle rapidly, currency pairs can fluctuate significantly in the hours or days leading up to settlement. Once a rate is quoted and accepted, any shift in the market value means the Fund would miss out on potential favorable movements, or the Fund may be forced to absorb losses if its underlying obligation requires conversion.

Investment Company Securities Risk: The Fund will incur higher and duplicative expenses when it invests in mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), and other investment companies. There is also the risk that the Fund may suffer losses due to the investment practices of the underlying funds. Some of the underlying funds in which the Fund may invest directly or indirectly invest in physical commodities, such as gold, silver, and other precious materials. Accordingly, the Fund may be affected by changes in commodity prices which can move significantly in short periods of time and be affected by new discoveries or changes in government regulations. The Fund, through its investments in underlying funds, will be exposed to various fixed income risks, including credit risk that the issuer of the security may not be able to make payments when due. Fixed income securities also face interest rate risk and duration risk. Interest rate risk refers to the risk that the prices of fixed income securities generally fall as interest rates rise; conversely, the prices of fixed income securities generally rise as interest rates fall.

Changes in Trade Negotiations Risk: In recent years, the U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries, and has made proposals and taken actions related thereto. Tariffs on imported goods could further increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies and adversely affect the revenues and profitability of portfolio companies whose businesses rely on goods imported from such impacted jurisdictions.

Highly Volatile Markets Risk: The prices of instruments in which the Fund may invest are influenced by numerous factors, including interest rates, currency rates, default rates, governmental policies and political and economic events (both domestic and global). Moreover, political or economic crises, or other events may occur that can be highly disruptive to the markets in which the Fund may invest. In addition, governments from time to time intervene (directly and by regulation), which intervention may adversely affect the performance of the Fund and its investment activities. The Fund is also subject to the risk of a temporary or permanent failure of the exchanges and other markets on which its investments may trade. Sustained market turmoil and periods of heightened market volatility make it more difficult to produce positive trading results, and there can be no assurance that the Fund’s strategies will be successful in such markets.

Legislation and Regulatory Risk: New or amended regulations may be imposed by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”), the SEC, the Federal Reserve, the European Union (the “EU”) or other financial regulators, other governmental or intergovernmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets, and could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, the CFTC and the SEC are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to recently enacted financial reform legislation in the United States. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of statutes and rules by these regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.

Market Disruptions Risk: The Fund may incur major losses in the event of market disruptions and other extraordinary events in which historical pricing relationships become materially distorted. The risk of loss from pricing distortions is compounded by the fact that in disrupted markets many positions become illiquid, making it difficult or impossible to close out positions against which the markets are moving. Market disruptions caused by unexpected political, military and terrorist events may from time to time cause dramatic losses for the Fund and such events can result in otherwise historically low-risk strategies performing with unprecedented volatility and risk.

U.S. Debt Ceiling and Budget Deficit Risks: U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the United States. Although U.S. lawmakers have historically passed legislation to raise the federal debt ceiling on multiple occasions, ratings agencies have lowered or threatened to lower the long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States. In August 2023, Fitch Ratings Inc., downgraded the U.S. credit rating to AA+ from AAA, citing fiscal deterioration over the next three years and close encounters with default due to ongoing political dysfunction. The impact of a U.S. default on its obligations or any further downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Cybersecurity Risk. The Fund and its service providers may be subject, directly or indirectly, to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cybersecurity that may cause the Fund to lose or compromise confidential information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity. Similar types of cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund may invest, which may cause the Fund’s investments in such companies to lose value. There is no guarantee the Fund will be successful in protecting against cybersecurity breaches.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit at a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by any government agency.

Stock Selection Risk: The stocks in the Fund’s portfolio may decline in value or not increase in value when the stock market in general is increasing or decreasing in value and you could lose money.

Short Sales Risk: The Fund may make short sales, which involves selling a security it does not own in anticipation that the security’s price will decline. Short sales may involve substantial risk and leverage. Short sales expose the Fund to the risk that it will be required to buy the security sold short (also known as “covering” the short position) at a time when the security has appreciated in value, thus resulting in a loss to the Fund.

Value Investing Risk: There is a risk that value securities may not increase in price as anticipated by the Sub-Advisor, and may even decline further in value, if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value, or favor investing in faster-growing companies, or if the events or factors that the Sub-Advisor believes will increase a security’s market value do not occur.

Smaller and Mid-Sized Companies Risk: There is the risk that the securities of such issuers may be comparatively more volatile in price than those of companies with larger capitalizations, and may lack the depth of management and established markets for their products and/or services that may be associated with investments in larger issuers.

Use of Leverage: Using derivatives can create leverage, which can amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price and make the Fund’s returns more volatile. The use of leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The use of leverage may also cause the Fund to have higher expenses than those of mutual funds that do not use such techniques. The low initial investment normally required in trading derivatives permit a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, a relatively small price movement may result in an immediate and substantial loss.

Spot Foreign Exchange (FX) Contract Risk: Spot foreign exchange (FX) contracts are a type of derivative instrument that subjects the Fund to intraday volatility risk and counterparty risk. Although spot contracts settle rapidly, currency pairs can fluctuate significantly in the hours or days leading up to settlement. Once a rate is quoted and accepted, any shift in the market value means the Fund would miss out on potential favorable movements, or the Fund may be forced to absorb losses if its underlying obligation requires conversion.

Changes in Trade Negotiations Risk: In recent years, the U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with foreign countries, and has made proposals and taken actions related thereto. Tariffs on imported goods could further increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies and adversely affect the revenues and profitability of portfolio companies whose businesses rely on goods imported from such impacted jurisdictions.

Legislation and Regulatory Risk: New or amended regulations may be imposed by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”), the SEC, the Federal Reserve, the European Union (the “EU”) or other financial regulators, other governmental or intergovernmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets, and could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, the CFTC and the SEC are empowered to promulgate a variety of new rules pursuant to recently enacted financial reform legislation in the United States. The Fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of statutes and rules by these regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.

U.S. Debt Ceiling and Budget Deficit Risks: U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the United States. Although U.S. lawmakers have historically passed legislation to raise the federal debt ceiling on multiple occasions, ratings agencies have lowered or threatened to lower the long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States. In August 2023, Fitch Ratings Inc., downgraded the U.S. credit rating to AA+ from AAA, citing fiscal deterioration over the next three years and close encounters with default due to ongoing political dysfunction. The impact of a U.S. default on its obligations or any further downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. In addition, disagreement over the federal budget has caused the U.S. federal government to shut down for periods of time. Continued adverse political and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit at a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by any government agency.