| Goodwill and other intangibles |
NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
Goodwill by reportable segment is detailed in the table below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | | North America Steel Group | | Construction Solutions Group | | Europe Steel Group | | Consolidated | | Goodwill, gross | | | | | | | | | | Balance, September 1, 2025 | | $ | 126,915 | | | $ | 265,523 | | | $ | 4,608 | | | $ | 397,046 | | | Foreign currency translation | | — | | | 261 | | | 23 | | | 284 | | | Acquisitions | | — | | | 1,749,379 | | | — | | | 1,749,379 | | | Balance, May 31, 2026 | | 126,915 | | | 2,015,163 | | | 4,631 | | | 2,146,709 | | | | | | | | | | | | Accumulated impairment | | | | | | | | | | Balance, September 1, 2025 | | (9,542) | | | (493) | | | (165) | | | (10,200) | | | Foreign currency translation | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | Balance, May 31, 2026 | | (9,542) | | | (493) | | | (165) | | | (10,200) | | | | | | | | | | | | Goodwill, net | | | | | | | | | | Balance, September 1, 2025 | | 117,373 | | | 265,030 | | | 4,443 | | | 386,846 | | | Foreign currency translation | | — | | | 261 | | | 23 | | | 284 | | | Acquisitions | | — | | | 1,749,379 | | | — | | | 1,749,379 | | | Balance, May 31, 2026 | | $ | 117,373 | | | $ | 2,014,670 | | | $ | 4,466 | | | $ | 2,136,509 | |
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | | May 31, 2026 | | August 31, 2025 | | Trade names | | $ | 55,026 | | | $ | 54,813 | | | In-process research and development | | 2,400 | | | 2,400 | | | Non-compete agreements | | 750 | | | 750 | | | Total | | $ | 58,176 | | | $ | 57,963 | |
The change in the balance of indefinite-lived intangible assets from August 31, 2025 to May 31, 2026 was due to foreign currency translation adjustments. Finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization are detailed in the following table:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | May 31, 2026 | | August 31, 2025 | | (in thousands) | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net | | Gross Carrying Amount | | Accumulated Amortization | | Net | | Customer relationships | | $ | 307,589 | | | $ | 42,055 | | | $ | 265,534 | | | $ | 75,304 | | | $ | 24,663 | | | $ | 50,641 | | | Developed technologies | | 154,109 | | | 73,655 | | | 80,454 | | | 153,844 | | | 60,882 | | | 92,962 | | | Contract backlog | | 79,000 | | | 37,479 | | | 41,521 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | Trade names | | 12,859 | | | 2,975 | | | 9,884 | | | 3,560 | | | 1,823 | | | 1,737 | | | Patents | | 10,258 | | | 7,535 | | | 2,723 | | | 9,111 | | | 7,338 | | | 1,773 | | | Lease rights | | 6,839 | | | 1,271 | | | 5,568 | | | 6,804 | | | 1,200 | | | 5,604 | | | Other | | 2,524 | | | 2,512 | | | 12 | | | 2,524 | | | 2,389 | | | 135 | | | Total | | $ | 573,178 | | | $ | 167,482 | | | $ | 405,696 | | | $ | 251,147 | | | $ | 98,295 | | | $ | 152,852 | |
The majority of the increases in customer relationship and trade name intangible assets, and the addition of the contract backlog intangible asset at May 31, 2026, as compared to August 31, 2025, are due to the Foley Acquisition and the CP&P Acquisition. For more information on these acquisitions, see Note 2, Acquisitions. The foreign currency translation adjustments for intangible assets subject to amortization were immaterial for all periods presented above.
Amortization expense for intangible assets recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss) is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | | Three Months Ended May 31, | | Nine Months Ended May 31, | | Primary Location | | 2026 | | 2025 | | 2026 | | 2025 | | Cost of goods sold | | $ | 24,479 | | | $ | 4,388 | | | $ | 50,615 | | | $ | 12,950 | | | Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses | | 8,087 | | | 2,486 | | | 18,456 | | | 7,560 | | | Total | | $ | 32,566 | | | $ | 6,874 | | | $ | 69,071 | | | $ | 20,510 | |
The increase in amortization expense during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2026, is primarily a result of the purchase of Foley and CP&P as outlined further in Note 2, Acquisitions.
Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets through 2030 is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | (in thousands) | Remainder of 2026 | | $ | 32,564 | | | 2027 | | 72,997 | | | 2028 | | 49,371 | | | 2029 | | 44,697 | | | 2030 | | 43,333 | |
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