v3.26.1
N-2 - USD ($)
Jun. 29, 2026
Feb. 28, 2026
Feb. 28, 2025
Feb. 29, 2024
Feb. 28, 2023
Feb. 28, 2022
Feb. 28, 2021
Feb. 29, 2020
Feb. 28, 2019
Feb. 28, 2018
Feb. 28, 2017
Cover [Abstract]                      
Entity Central Index Key 0001658645                    
Amendment Flag false                    
Entity Inv Company Type N-2                    
Securities Act File Number 333-232385                    
Investment Company Act File Number 811-23120                    
Document Type N-2                    
Document Registration Statement true                    
Pre-Effective Amendment false                    
Post-Effective Amendment true                    
Post-Effective Amendment Number 9                    
Investment Company Act Registration true                    
Investment Company Registration Amendment true                    
Investment Company Registration Amendment Number 19                    
Entity Registrant Name STONE RIDGE TRUST V                    
Entity Address, Address Line One ONE VANDERBILT AVENUE                    
Entity Address, Address Line Two 65TH FLOOR                    
Entity Address, City or Town NEW YORK                    
Entity Address, State or Province NY                    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 10017                    
City Area Code 855                    
Local Phone Number 609-3680                    
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to Public As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.                    
Dividend or Interest Reinvestment Plan Only false                    
Delayed or Continuous Offering true                    
Primary Shelf [Flag] false                    
Effective Upon Filing, 462(e) false                    
Additional Securities Effective, 413(b) false                    
Effective when Declared, Section 8(c) false                    
Effective upon Filing, 486(b) false                    
Effective on Set Date, 486(b) true                    
Effective on Date, 486(b) Jul. 01, 2026                    
Effective after 60 Days, 486(a) false                    
Effective on Set Date, 486(a) false                    
New Effective Date for Previous Filing false                    
Additional Securities. 462(b) false                    
No Substantive Changes, 462(c) false                    
Registered Closed-End Fund [Flag] true                    
Business Development Company [Flag] false                    
Interval Fund [Flag] true                    
Primary Shelf Qualified [Flag] false                    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No                    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false                    
New CEF or BDC Registrant [Flag] false                    
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]                      
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block]
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
 
Management Fees
1.50%
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
(1)
3.20%
Distribution and/or Service Fees
(2)
0.12%
Other Expenses
 
Loan Servicing Fees
1.73%
Other Expenses
 
Recoupment
0.00%
All Other Expenses
0.88%
Total Other Expenses
2.61%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
7.43%
(Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement)
(3)
0.00%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After (Fee Waiver/Expense Reimbursement)
7.43%
(1)
Reflects interest expenses paid on borrowings and the Fund’s use of leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements. “Interest
Payments on Borrowed Funds” are based on actual amounts incurred during the Fund’s prior fiscal year and are annualized.
(2)
Distribution and/or Services Fees include a 0.05% fee paid pursuant to a distribution and servicing plan adopted by the Fund, a 0.05% fee
paid pursuant to a services agreement between the Fund and the Adviser and 0.02% of intermediary fees borne by the Fund. See
“Intermediary and Servicing Arrangements.”
(3)
The Fund is responsible for its operating expenses, including its organization expenses, which are expensed as incurred and are subject to
the expense limitation agreement described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, from April
17
,
2026
through June 30,
2027
, the Adviser
has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or pay or otherwise bear operating and other expenses of the Fund (including
offering expenses, but excluding brokerage and transactional expenses; borrowing and other investment-related costs and fees including
interest payments on borrowed funds, loan servicing fees, loan collection and administration fees and expenses, interest and commitment
fees; short dividend expense; acquired fund fees and expenses; taxes; litigation and indemnification expenses; judgments; and extraordinary
expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”)) solely to the extent necessary to
limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses, other than Excluded Expenses, to 2.30% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. The
Adviser shall be entitled to recoup in later periods expenses that the Adviser has paid or otherwise borne (whether through reduction of its
management fee or otherwise) to the extent that the expenses for the Fund (including offering expenses, but excluding Excluded Expenses)
after such recoupment do not exceed the lower of (i) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the actual
waiver/reimbursement and (ii) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the recoupment; provided, that the Adviser shall not
be permitted to recoup any such fees or expenses beyond three years from the end of the month in which such fee was reduced or such
expense was reimbursed. The expense limitation agreement may only be modified by a majority vote of the trustees who are not “interested
persons” of the Fund (as defined by 1940 Act) and the consent of the Adviser.
                   
Management Fees [Percent] 1.50%                    
Interest Expenses on Borrowings [Percent] [1] 3.20%                    
Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] [2] 0.12%                    
Loan Servicing Fees [Percent] 1.73%                    
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]                      
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] 0.00%                    
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] 0.88%                    
Other Annual Expenses [Percent] 2.61%                    
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 7.43%                    
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] [3] 0.00%                    
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 7.43%                    
Expense Example [Table Text Block]
Example.
The following Example is intended to help you understand the various costs and expenses that you, as a
holder of Shares, would bear directly or indirectly. The Example assumes that you invest $1,000 in Shares of the
Fund for the time periods indicated. Because there are no costs to you associated with repurchases of your Shares,
your costs would be the same whether you hold your Shares or tender your Shares for repurchase at the end of the
time periods indicated. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that all
dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV, and that the Fund’s operating expenses (as described above)
remain the sameand takes into account the effect of the fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement (if any) during
the first year. The Example should not be considered a representation of the Fund’s future expenses. Although your
actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
$
73
$
215
$
350
$
659
                   
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 73                    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 215                    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 350                    
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 659                    
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block]
The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold Shares of the Fund.
                   
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block] expenses you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment                    
Financial Highlights [Abstract]                      
Senior Securities Amount   $ 480,000,000 $ 750,000,000 $ 675,000,000 $ 880,000,000 $ 645,000,000 $ 650,047,000 $ 1,130,000,000 $ 1,390,000,000 $ 1,170,000,000 $ 720,000,000 [4]
Senior Securities Coverage per Unit [5]   $ 3,960 $ 3,332 $ 3,807 $ 3,474 $ 4,580 $ 4,525 $ 3,675 $ 3,635 $ 3,707 $ 3,781
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS
When used in this prospectus, the term “invest” includes both direct investing and indirect investing and the term
“investments” includes both direct investments and indirect investments. For example, the Fund invests indirectly
by investing in derivatives or through its wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries (each, a “Subsidiary”). The
Fund may be exposed to the different types of investments described below through its investments in its
Subsidiaries. The allocation of the Fund’s portfolio in a Subsidiary will vary over time and might not always
include all of the different types of investments described herein.
Investment Objective
The Fund’s investment objective is to achieve total return and current income. There can be no assurance that the
Fund will achieve its investment objective.
Principal Investment Policies
Stone Ridge believes that investing should involve a long-term view and a systematic focus on sources of expected
return, not on security selection or market timing. In managing the Fund, the Adviser focuses primarily on one
source of expected returns: the “credit risk premium” in certain loans and other investments described below. The
“credit risk premium” is positive if interest and other payments paid in connection with a pool of such investments
(including amounts paid to the Fund in connection with the sale of such investments), minus the principal losses
actually experienced across that pool, exceed the risk-free rate, on average and over time. The “risk-free rate” is the
rate of return that can be earned on high-quality, short-term government debt securities. There can be no assurance
that the credit risk premium will be positive for the Fund’s investments at any time or on average and over time. For
example, a consumer or small business borrower typically pays a premium (interest) to a lender in exchange for use
of the lender’s capital (the amount of the borrowing) for a pre-determined amount of time. On average and over
time, if payments of interest and repayments of principal on such borrowings are greater than losses incurred from
defaults, the excess positive return above the risk-free rate represents the credit risk premium. By investing in these
loans and other investments, the Fund is accepting the risk that some borrowers will not repay their loans, in
exchange for the expected returns associated with the receipt of interest payments and repayment of principal by
those that do. The Fund seeks to benefit over the long term from the difference between the amount of interest and
principal received and losses experienced.
The Adviser does not purchase or sell investments for the Fund’s portfolio based on an analysis of specific
borrowers’ abilities to repay their loans or other criteria specific to individual investments. Instead, the Adviser
seeks to identify alternative lending platforms that originate or source pools of loans and other securities on an
ongoing basis that can be purchased by the Fund and serve as part of a portfolio that provides the Fund with broad
exposure to the risk and return characteristics (and potential credit risk premium) of loans from a variety of
geographic regions and representing a variety of different borrower types for a variety of purposes, including:
individual consumers consolidating existing debt or funding large purchases;
small or medium-sized businesses funding working capital such as property, plant, equipment, expansion,
receivables or inventory;
students financing education or refinancing existing student loans; and
individuals or businesses financing investments in real estate.
The Fund pursues its investment objective primarily by buying and selling alternative lending-related securities,
directly or through its wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries (each, a “Subsidiary”) formed by the Fund. The
Fund and its Subsidiaries intend to obtain financing to make investments and/or to fund Share repurchases through
traditional financing facilities, through reverse repurchase agreements or other similar derivatives transactions or
through a mix of the foregoing.
As described in more detail below, an “
alternative
lending platform” is a lending marketplace or lender or other
intermediary that is not a traditional lender. The Adviser, as part of its portfolio construction process, performs
diligence on the platforms from which the Fund purchases alternative lending-related securities in order to evaluate
both the process by which each platform extends or sources loans and provides related services and the
characteristics of the overall portfolio of loans made available through that platform. The Adviser’s diligence
process includes on-site in-person meetings, supplemented by telephonic meetings, with the senior management and
with the credit underwriting, operations, technology, legal and compliance teams of the platform; evaluation of the
platform’s credit underwriting policies, procedures and models; evaluation of the platform’s collections, operations,
technology, legal and compliance personnel, infrastructure, and procedures; and analysis of a “loan tape” that
includes loan underwriting data and actual payment experience for all individual loans made or sourced by the
platform since inception that are comparable to the loans proposed to be purchased by the Fund. The Fund generally
purchases a portfolio of loans from a particular platform that meet certain criteria (such as maturities and durations,
borrower and loan types, borrower credit quality and geographic locations of borrower) and that provide broad
exposure to the loan originations or sourcing of that particular platform. When investing in whole loans, the Fund
invests solely in loans originated by platforms that provide the Fund with a written commitment to deliver or cause
to be delivered individual loan-level data on an ongoing basis throughout the life of each individual loan that is
updated periodically as often as the NAV is calculated to reflect new information regarding the borrower or loan,
and the Fund does not invest in loans sold on platforms for which the Fund cannot evaluate to its satisfaction the
completeness and accuracy of the individual loan data relevant to the existence and valuation of the loans purchased
that is provided by the platform and used by the Fund in accounting for loans. Although the Fund conducts
diligence on the platforms, the Fund generally does not have the ability to independently verify the information
provided by the platforms, other than payment information regarding loans and other alternative lending-related
securities owned by the Fund, which the Fund observes directly as payments are received. The Fund generally does
not have access to personally identifiable information about the individual borrowers (e.g., names or similar
identifying information) prior to purchasing loans or other alternative lending-related securities, although the Fund’s
custodian has this information for whole loans owned by the Fund (and the Fund and the Adviser have established
procedures with the Fund’s custodian designed to prevent the inadvertent communication of personally identifiable
borrower information by the Fund’s custodian to the Fund or the Adviser). The Fund monitors the characteristics of
the alternative lending-related securities purchased from particular platforms on an ongoing basis. In this way, the
Adviser seeks to construct a portfolio that provides broad, representative investment exposure across the alternative
lending asset class.
In addition to originating or sourcing loans, some alternative lending platforms also sponsor special purpose
entities, sometimes referred to as securitization vehicles, for the purpose of acquiring loans originated or sourced by
such platform and issuing securities the payments on which are funded by payments received on such securitization
vehicles’ underlying investments. The Fund seeks to sell certain of the whole loans it acquires by pooling them and
selling them to such securitization vehicles, whether sponsored by the platforms themselves or by third parties, in
cases where the Fund determines that such sales are on terms favorable to the Fund. The Fund expects that many or
most alternative lending platforms will eventually begin to sponsor such securitization vehicles, and the volume and
frequency of the Fund’s sales of pools of loans to securitization vehicles may increase as a more active and reliable
secondary market develops over time.
Alternative lending-related securities typically provide the Fund with exposure to loans originated or sourced by
alternative lending platforms. The Fund invests primarily in whole loans, but also may invest, to a lesser extent, in
other types of alternative lending-related securities, which include:
shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing the right to receive principal and interest
payments due on fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans (including “member-dependent
payment notes” issued by some public U.S. platforms, which we refer to as “fractional loans” herein);
direct participations in whole loans originated by alternative lending platforms (which we refer to as “loan
participations”), which are typically issued by the originator, a bank or other financial institution;
securities issued by special purpose entities that hold either of the foregoing types of alternative
lending-related securities (“asset-backed securities”), including pass through certificates and securities
issued by special purpose entities that hold mortgages (“mortgage-backed securities”);
equity or debt securities (publicly or privately offered), including warrants, of alternative lending
platforms or companies that own or operate alternative lending platforms; and
derivative instruments (which may include options, swaps or other derivatives) that provide exposure to
any of the investments the Fund may make directly.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings
for investment purposes, directly or indirectly in alternative lending-related securities. As a matter of fundamental
policy, the Fund concentrates its investments in the alternative lending industry and has adopted a policy to invest,
directly or indirectly, at least 25% of its total assets in the alternative lending industry. The notional value of any
derivatives and other synthetic instruments that provide investment exposure to, or exposure to one or more of the
market risk factors associated with, the investment focus that the Fund’s name suggests will count towards
compliance with the Fund’s 80% test.
The Fund has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies that can only be changed with
the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (the “Fundamental Investment
Restrictions”):
The Fund may not invest in loans that are of subprime quality at the time of investment.
The Fund may not purchase loans or other alternative lending-related securities from platforms whose
business consists primarily of originating loans of subprime quality.
The Fund may not purchase loans or other alternative lending-related securities originated in emerging
markets.
The Fund may not purchase loans or other alternative lending-related securities from platforms whose
financial statements are not audited by a nationally recognized accounting firm.
In accordance with the Fund’s Fundamental Investment Restrictions, the Adviser will determine whether loans
offered to the Fund are of subprime quality at the time of investment pursuant to guidelines approved by the Board
from time to time. These guidelines currently provide that in order to be eligible for purchase by the Fund, the
Adviser must determine that loans have a likelihood of repayment that is greater than that of “subprime” consumer
loans. “Subprime” does not have a specific legal or market definition, but is understood in the credit marketplace to
signify that a loan has a material likelihood that it will not be repaid. The Adviser will make the determination that
loans purchased by the Fund are not of subprime quality based on the Adviser’s due diligence of the credit
underwriting policies of the originating or sourcing platform, which look to a number of borrower-specific factors
to determine a borrower’s ability to repay a particular loan, including employment status, income, assets, education
and credit bureau data where available. Credit bureau data is only one factor considered in determining the credit
quality of a borrower and a loan. However, when credit score data is available from a platform with respect to a
borrower, the Adviser’s guidelines do not allow the Adviser to cause the Fund to purchase any consumer loan to an
individual who does not have at least one credit score that is, either at the time of origination or the time of
purchase, equal to or above a specified minimum.
Alternative lending, which is sometimes referred to as fintech lending, online lending or marketplace lending, is a
method of financing in which an alternative lending platform facilitates the borrowing and lending of money. In so
doing, a platform may either rely on its own deposit capital or may utilize third-party sources of capital, including
investors like the Fund, to fund loans. It is considered an alternative to more traditional loan financing done through
a traditional bank.
There are several different models of alternative lending but, very generally, a platform typically matches
consumers, small or medium-sized businesses or other types of borrowers with investors that are interested in
gaining investment exposure to the loans made to such borrowers. Prospective borrowers are usually required to
provide or give access to certain financial information to the platform, such as the intended purpose of the loan,
income, employment information, credit score, debt-to-income ratio, credit history (including defaults and
delinquencies) and home ownership status, and, in the case of small business loans, business financial statements
and personal credit information regarding any guarantor, some of which information is made available to
prospective lenders. Often, platforms charge fees to borrowers to cover these screening and administrative costs.
Based on this and other relevant supplemental information, the platform usually assigns its own credit rating to the
borrower and sets the interest rate for the requested borrowing. Some platforms follow the peer-to-peer model,
posting the borrowing requests online and investors may choose among the loans, based on the interest rates the
loans are expected to yield less any servicing or origination fees charged by the platform or others involved in the
lending arrangement, the background data provided on the borrowers and the credit rating assigned by the platform.
Other platforms sell loans directly to large institutional investors, like the Fund. In some cases, a platform partners
with a bank to originate a loan to a borrower, after which the bank sells the loan to the platform or directly to the
investor; alternatively, some platforms may originate loans themselves.
Other alternative lending platforms are non-traditional intermediaries. Unlike marketplace lenders, non-traditional
intermediaries do not themselves (either alone or working with a bank) originate loans. Instead, they intermediate
sales of loans originated by more traditional lenders to buyers that utilize alternative sources of capital (i.e., capital
other than bank deposits).
When investing in loans originated or sourced using any of these models of alternative lending, some investors,
including the Fund, may not review the particular characteristics of the loans in which they invest at the time of
investment, but rather negotiate in advance with platforms the general criteria of the investments, as described
above. As a result, the Fund is dependent on the platforms’ ability to collect, verify and provide information to the
Fund about each loan and borrower.
Platforms may set minimum eligibility standards for borrowers to participate in alternative lending arrangements
and may limit the maximum permitted borrowings. Depending on the purpose and nature of the loan, its term may,
for example, be as short as six months or shorter, or as long as thirty years or longer. Set forth below is additional
information about some of the Fund’s alternative lending-related investments.
Whole Loans.
The Fund primarily buys and sells whole loans. When the Fund invests in whole loans, it
typically purchases all rights, title and interest in the loans pursuant to a loan purchase agreement directly from
the platform or its affiliate. The platform or a third-party servicer typically continues to service the loans,
collecting payments and distributing them to investors, less any servicing fees assessed against the Fund, and
the servicing entity typically will make all decisions regarding any modification, forbearance or other form of
relief that may be provided to a borrower experiencing financial hardship and acceleration or enforcement of
the loans following any default by a borrower. Where a platform or its affiliate acts as the loan servicer, there
is typically a backup servicer in place in case that platform or affiliate ceases or fails to perform these servicing
functions. The Fund, as an investor in a whole loan, would be entitled to receive payment only from the
borrower and/or any guarantor, and would not be able to recover any deficiency from the platform, except
under very narrow circumstances, which may include fraud by the borrower in some cases. The whole loans in
which the Fund may invest may be secured or unsecured.
Loan Participations.
The Fund invests in participation interests in whole loans, which are typically originated
by an alternative lending platform, sometimes in partnership with a bank or other financial institution. When
the Fund invests in participation interests, the Fund typically purchases a fractional or full economic interest in
the underlying whole loans and the originator retains the legal title to such loans. As with the Fund’s
investments in whole loans, the alternative lending platform or a third-party servicer typically continues to
service the loans, collecting payments and distributing them to investors in the loan participations, less any
servicing fees assessed against the Fund, and the servicing entity typically will make all decisions regarding
any modification, forbearance or other form of relief that may be provided to a borrower experiencing
financial hardship and acceleration or enforcement of the loans following any default by a borrower. The
servicing entity may distribute payments of principal and interest from the borrower directly to the Fund as a
holder of participation interests. Alternatively, the Fund may receive payments of principal and interest as
passed through by the bank or other financial institution originating the whole loans and issuing the
participation interests. The participation interests in which the Fund invests may be in whole loans that are
secured or unsecured.
Pass-Through Certificates.
The Fund invests in pass-through certificates, which are a form of asset-backed
security that is backed by a pool of whole loans originated or sourced by one or more alternative lending
platforms and that represents the right of the holder to receive specified distributions in respect of such whole
loans; specifically, holders are entitled to receive payments on account of principal and interest payments made
by borrowers on the underlying loans, as well as proceeds from the sale or liquidation of any loan underlying
the pass-through certificate, net of fees, expenses and other amounts payable to the issuer, trustee, originating
platform(s) or other third parties as required. Unlike many other asset-backed securities, pass-through
certificates are generally not issued with multiple tranches; instead, all holders of a particular certificate share a
pro rata interest in the underlying pool of whole loans and distributions with respect thereto.
Other Asset-Backed Securities.
The Fund invests in, and sells certain of its alternative lending-related
investments to, securitization vehicles formed by alternative lending platforms or third parties for the purpose
of acquiring alternative lending-related investments and issuing securities the payments on which are funded
by payments received on such entities’ underlying investments. Such asset-backed securities, including
mortgage-backed securities, may be issued in different tranches of debt and residual equity interests with
different rights and preferences. The Fund may hold any tranche of such asset-backed securities. The volume
and frequency of the Fund’s sales of pools of loans to securitization vehicles may increase as a more active and
reliable secondary market develops over time.
Shares, Certificates, Notes or Other Securities.
The Fund may also invest in shares, certificates, notes or other
securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on fractions of whole loans or
pools of whole loans. The platform or a separate special purpose entity organized by or on behalf of the
platform may hold the whole loans underlying such securities on its books and issue to the Fund, as an
investor, a share, certificate, note or other security, the payments on which track and depend upon the borrower
payments on the underlying loans. As with whole loans, the platforms or third-party servicers typically
continue to service the underlying loans on which the performance of such securities is based. Such securities
may be linked to any of the types of whole loans in which the Fund may invest directly. Such securities may
also track fractions of a whole loan. These securities may be sold through publicly registered offerings or
through unregistered private offerings.
Equity Securities.
The Fund may invest in public or private equity securities issued by alternative lending
platforms or companies that own or operate alternative lending platforms, including common stock, preferred
stock, convertible stock and/or warrants. For example, the Fund may invest in securities issued by a platform,
which may provide the platform with the capital it requires to support its business. Equity investments may
afford the Fund voting rights as well as the opportunity to receive dividends and/or capital appreciation,
although warrants, which are options to purchase equity securities at specific prices valid for a specific period
of time, typically have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the securities
of the issuer unless and until they are exercised for the underlying equity securities. The Fund may also invest
in equity securities of both non-U.S. and U.S. small and mid-cap companies. These equity investments may
take any of the following forms:
Common Stock. Holders of common stock generally have voting rights in the issuer and are entitled to
receive common stock dividends when, as and if declared by the corporation’s board of directors.
Common stock normally occupies the most subordinated position in an issuer’s capital structure
Preferred Stocks. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, has a stated dividend rate payable from the
corporation’s earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative or non-cumulative, participating, or
auction rate. “Cumulative” dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be
paid. Preferred stock may be “participating” stock, which means that it may be entitled to a dividend
exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund
provisions, as well as provisions allowing calls or redemption prior to maturity, which also can have a
negative impact on prices when interest rates decline.
Rights and Warrants. Warrants are options to purchase equity securities at specific prices valid for a
specific period of time. Their values do not necessarily move parallel to the values of the underlying
securities. Rights are similar to warrants, but normally have a short duration and are distributed directly
by the issuer to its shareholders. Rights and warrants have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have
no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted
in whole or in part into common stock or other equity securities. Their prices do not necessarily move
parallel to the prices of the underlying securities. Convertible securities generally have no voting rights.
The value of a convertible security is a function of its “bond value,” which is the value of the debt or
preferred stock component of the security, and its “conversion value,” which is the value of the right to
convert the securities into common stock or other equity securities. The bond value will likely increase
when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise, and the conversion value will likely increase
when the value of the underlying equity security increases and decrease when the value of the underlying
equity security decreases. If the bond value is relatively high compared to the conversion value, the
security will behave more like a debt security, and if the conversion value is relatively high compared to
the bond value, the security will behave more like an equity security.
Other factors can affect a particular equity security’s price, such as poor earnings reports by the issuer, loss of
major customers, major litigation against the issuer, or changes in government regulations affecting the issuer
or its industry.
Debt Securities.
The Fund may invest in debt securities issued by alternative lending platforms or companies
that own or operate alternative lending platforms. The Fund may have exposure to the debt securities of
U.S. or non-U.S. issuers. These debt securities may have fixed or floating interest rates; may or may not be
collateralized; and may be below investment grade or unrated but judged by the Adviser to be of comparable
quality (debt securities that are below investment grade are commonly called “junk bonds”). The Fund has no
limits as to the maturity of debt securities in which it invests. Such investments may be within any maturity
range (short, medium or long) depending on the Adviser’s evaluation of investment opportunities available
within the debt securities market. Similarly, the Fund has no limits as to the market capitalization range of the
issuers.
The Fund may also pursue its investment objective by investing in equity or debt securities issued by REITs or
pooled investment vehicles that invest in REITs. REITs are pooled real estate investment vehicles that own, and
typically operate, certain qualified real estate and real estate-related assets. If a REIT meets certain requirements,
including distributing to shareholders substantially all of its taxable income (other than net capital gains), then it is
not generally taxed on the income distributed to shareholders. REITs and pooled investment vehicles that invest in
REITs may be subject to management fees and other expenses, and so the Fund will bear its proportionate share of
the costs of the REITs’ and/or vehicles’ operations if it invests in REITs or vehicles subject to such fees and
expenses. REITs can be listed and traded on national securities exchanges or can be traded privately between
individual owners. An exchange-traded REIT is generally more liquid than a REIT that is not traded on a securities
exchange. The Fund may invest in both exchange-traded and privately-traded REITs.
The Fund generally invests in equity REITs, which invest in and own real estate directly, and generally invest a
majority of their assets in income-producing properties to generate cash flow from rental income and gradual asset
appreciation. The income-producing properties in which equity REITs may invest include land, office, retail,
industrial, hotel and apartment buildings, single or multifamily homes, self-storage, specialty and diversified and
healthcare facilities. Equity REITs can realize capital gains (or losses) by selling properties that have appreciated
(or depreciated) in value. Equity REITs may also invest in non-income-producing properties or real estate-related
assets.
An equity investment in a REIT may afford the Fund voting rights as well as the opportunity to receive dividends
and/or capital appreciation. The Fund may invest in warrants issued by REITs, which are options to purchase equity
securities at specific prices valid for a specific period of time; such investments typically have no voting rights,
receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the securities of the issuer unless and until they are
exercised for the underlying equity securities. Debt securities of REITs may have fixed or floating interest rates;
may or may not be collateralized; and may be below investment grade or unrated but judged by the Adviser to be of
comparable quality. The Fund has no limits as to the maturity of debt securities in which it invests. Such
investments may be within any maturity range (short, medium or long) depending on the Adviser’s evaluation of
investment opportunities available within the debt securities market. Similarly, the Fund has no limits as to the
market capitalization range of the issuers.
Additional Information About the Fund’s Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund may gain exposure to loans that are unsecured, secured by a perfected security interest in an enterprise or
specific assets of an enterprise or individual borrower or in real estate, and/or supported by a personal guarantee by
individuals related to the borrower. The loans to which the Fund gains exposure may pay fixed or variable rates of
interest, may have a variety of amortization schedules, and may include borrowings that do not require amortization
payments (i.e., are interest-only). The loans to which the Fund gains exposure may have a term ranging from less
than one year to thirty years or longer, and in some cases may not require any payments to be made to the Fund
until the end of the term. The terms of any loan to which the Fund gains exposure, including the interest rate, timing
of payments or the overall amount to be repaid, may be modified in the discretion of the loan servicer or by
operation of federal, state or local law or regulation in order to provide relief to borrowers, particularly during
economic downturns or periods of market volatility, which could adversely affect Fund performance. The Fund may
invest in loans at or shortly following origination or sourcing, or may purchase loans in the secondary market after
origination or sourcing. This universe of investments is subject to change under varying market conditions and as
alternative lending-related instruments and markets evolve over time.
The Fund may seek to hedge its exposure to foreign exchange or interest rate risks that arise as a result of its
investments. The Fund may use forwards, futures, swaps or other exchange-traded or over-the-counter (“OTC”)
derivatives or may purchase or sell physical currency, bonds or other securities or instruments, including short sales
on assets the Fund does not own, which may require the Fund to pay a premium to borrow the assets sold short and
to pay the lender any dividends or interest received on the assets while borrowed. There can be no guarantee the
Fund’s hedging activities will effectively offset any adverse impact of foreign exchange or interest rates.
In implementing the Fund’s investment strategy, the Adviser has broad discretion to invest in alternative
lending-related securities of different types and relating to a variety of borrower types and geographic regions
(including regions inside and outside the U.S.), subject to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions, which prohibit
the Fund from investing in loans of subprime quality or loans originated in emerging markets. The Adviser seeks to
invest in alternative lending-related securities through platforms that operate in (and that originate or source loans to
borrowers located in) the U.S., Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and may in the future seek to gain exposure to
other geographic regions, other than emerging markets. Within each region and borrower type, the Adviser has
broad discretion to make investments that provide the Fund with a variety of exposures, including to borrower
creditworthiness, lines of business and loan purpose. Subject to any restrictions under applicable law (including
diversification requirements under U.S. federal income tax law applicable to regulated investment companies), the
Fund is not restricted in its exposure to any particular borrower creditworthiness, line of business, loan purpose,
term or form of security or guarantee or any other loan terms or characteristics, except as provided in the
Fundamental Investment Restrictions. With the exception of certain asset diversification tests under the Code, there
is no stated limit on the percentage of assets the Fund can invest in a particular investment or the percentage of
assets the Fund will allocate to any one investment type, borrower type, loan purpose, geographic region, borrower
creditworthiness, term or form of security or guarantee permitted by the Fundamental Investment Restrictions. The
Fund may, at times, focus its investments in instruments meeting one or more of these criteria. Subject to the
limitations described above, the Fund may also invest in loans or other investments that are not originated or
sourced by alternative lending platforms but that the Adviser believes have investment characteristics similar to
alternative lending-related securities in which the Fund invests.
The Fund makes investments through its Subsidiaries. Each Subsidiary may invest, for example, in whole loans or
in shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due
on fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans, or any other security or other instrument that the Fund may
hold directly. References herein to the Fund include references to a Subsidiary in respect of the Fund’s investment
exposure.
The Fund may invest in derivatives that provide exposure to any of the investments the Fund may make directly,
including the derivatives described below.
Swaps Generally.
In a swap transaction, two parties generally agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in
rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined reference instrument or instruments, which can
be adjusted for an interest rate factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are
generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount” (i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular
dollar amount invested in a particular security or other asset or in a “basket” of securities). Other types of swap
agreements may calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a “net basis.” Consequently, a
party’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to
be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the
agreement (the “net amount”).
Total Return Swaps.
In a total return swap, one party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined
underlying asset, such as a security or basket of securities, or non-asset reference, such as a securities index,
during the specified period in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total
return from different underlying assets or references. Total return swaps could result in losses if the underlying
asset or reference does not perform as anticipated by the Adviser.
All or substantially all of the securities in which the Fund invests are “restricted” securities, which means that they
are only eligible for purchase and sale by certain qualified institutional buyers, as defined in Rule 144A under the
1933 Act, and/or subject to contractual restrictions on transfer. Thus, there is generally a limited secondary market
available for many of the securities in which the Fund invests. As described above, the Fund seeks to sell certain of
its investments to securitization vehicles, and, to the extent a more active secondary market develops over time, the
Fund expects to selectively purchase or sell certain investments in executing its investment strategy. Otherwise, the
Fund generally holds its investments to maturity.
Borrowing and Leverage.
The Fund and its Subsidiaries have obtained and expect in the future to obtain financing
to make investments and/or to fund Share repurchases. The Fund and its Subsidiaries intend to obtain leverage
through traditional financing facilities, through reverse repurchase agreements or other similar derivatives
transactions or through a mix of the foregoing. Such borrowings are typically secured by investments held by the
Fund or such Subsidiary. The Fund and its Subsidiaries also may obtain leverage through derivative instruments
that afford the Fund economic leverage or other investments, such as asset-backed securities, that may have
embedded leverage. The Fund is not limited in the form or manner in which it may incur leverage.
The 1940 Act requires a closed-end fund to maintain asset coverage of not less than 300% of the value of the
outstanding amount of senior securities representing indebtedness (as defined in the 1940 Act) at the time that it
issues senior securities. This means that the value of the Fund’s senior securities representing indebtedness may not
exceed one-third of the value of its total assets (including such senior securities), measured at the time the Fund
issues the senior securities. The 1940 Act also requires the Fund to provide for a prohibition on the declaration of
cash distributions or repurchases of Shares unless any senior securities representing indebtedness have an asset
coverage of not less than 300% after giving effect to such distribution or repurchase. The Fund also may borrow
money from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes in an amount not to exceed 5% of the Fund’s assets.
Such temporary borrowings are not subject to the asset coverage requirements discussed above.
Additionally, Rule 18f-4 provides certain limits on a registered investment company’s use of derivatives and certain
related instruments to obtain leverage. As required by Rule 18f-4, the Fund’s derivatives exposure (including its use
of reverse repurchase agreements, which the Fund has elected to treat as derivatives under Rule 18f-4) is limited
through a value-at-risk (“VaR”) test. Very generally, VaR is an estimate of an instrument’s or portfolio’s losses over
a given time horizon at a specified confidence level. Under Rule 18f-4, the Fund is required to limit the VaR of the
Fund’s portfolio to less than 200% of the VaR of a “designated reference portfolio,” which is, in general, either an
unleveraged index approved by the Fund’s derivatives risk manager or the Fund’s own portfolio of securities or
other investments, excluding any derivatives transaction. This limitation is referred to in Rule 18f-4 as the “relative
VaR test.” If the Fund’s derivatives risk manager reasonably determines that there is no designated reference
portfolio that would provide an appropriate reference portfolio for the purposes of Rule 18f-4, then instead of the
relative VaR test, the Fund will be required to limit the VaR of the Fund’s portfolio to less than 20% of the value of
the Fund’s net assets, which is referred to as the “absolute VaR test.” The Fund expects that its use of reverse
repurchase agreements and other similar derivatives transactions to obtain leverage, under either the relative VaR
test or the absolute VaR test, will enable the Fund to obtain substantially more leverage than would be possible if
the Fund obtained leverage only through senior securities subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement.
Leverage can have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of its assets and may also
result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the Fund will have the potential for greater gains, as
well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned its assets on an unleveraged basis. The value of an
investment in the Fund will be more volatile and other risks tend to be compounded to the extent that the Fund is
exposed to leverage.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements.
The Fund obtains leverage through reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund
enters into reverse repurchase agreements with banks and brokers, pursuant to which the Fund sells securities to the
banks or brokers and concurrently agrees to repurchase the same securities at a later date at a fixed price. During
the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on the
securities.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that the interest income earned on the investment of the proceeds
will be less than the interest expense and Fund expenses associated with the repurchase agreement, that the market
value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase
such securities and that the securities may not be returned to the Fund. The Fund will also be subject to
counterparty risk with respect to the purchaser of the securities.
If the broker/dealer to whom the Fund sells
securities becomes insolvent, the Fund’s right may be restricted.
For example, if the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, the Fund’s
use of proceeds from the sale of its securities may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver
determines whether to honor the Fund’s right to repurchase the securities. Furthermore, the Fund may be unable to
recover the securities it sold in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement and as a result would realize a loss
equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them. This loss would be
greater to the extent the buyer paid less than the value of the securities the Fund sold to it (e.g., a buyer may only be
willing to pay $95 for a security with a market value of $100).
Additionally, reverse repurchase agreements entail the same risks as OTC derivatives. These include the risk that
the counterparty to the reverse repurchase agreement may not be able to fulfill its obligations, that the parties may
disagree as to the meaning or application of contractual terms, or that the instrument may not perform as expected.
Changes to the Fund’s Investment Policies.
The Fund’s investment objective and policies may be changed
without shareholder approval unless an objective or policy is identified in the prospectus or in the Statement of
Additional Information as “fundamental.” The Fund’s policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of
its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in alternative lending-related securities
may be changed by the Board upon at least 60 days prior written notice to shareholders.
Temporary Defensive Positions.
During unusual market conditions, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets
in cash or cash equivalents temporarily, which may be inconsistent with its investment objective and other policies.
The Fund might not use all of the strategies and techniques or invest in all of the types of securities described in this
prospectus or the Statement of Additional Information. While at times the Fund may use alternative investment
strategies in an effort to limit its losses, it may choose not to do so.
Subsidiaries.
The Fund executes its strategy by investing directly or through its Subsidiaries in alternative
lending-related securities. The Fund does not currently intend to sell or transfer all or any portion of its ownership
interest in a Subsidiary. The Fund reserves the right to establish additional Subsidiaries through which the Fund
may execute its strategy.
Portfolio Turnover.
The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended February 28,
2026 was 52.62
%. A
high turnover rate (100% or more) generally involves greater expenses to the Fund.
                   
Risk Factors [Table Text Block]
RISK CONSIDERATIONS
You should carefully consider the Fund’s risks and investment objective, as an investment in the Fund may not
be appropriate for all investors or clients and is not designed to be a complete investment program. An
investment in the Fund involves a high degree of risk. It is possible that investing in the Fund may result in a
loss of some or all of the amount invested. Before making an investment/allocation decision, you should (i)
consider the suitability of this investment with respect to an investor’s or a client’s investment objectives and
individual situation and (ii) consider factors such as an investor’s or a client’s net worth, income, age and risk
tolerance. Investment should be avoided where an investor/client has a short-term investing horizon and/or
cannot bear the loss of some or all of the investment.
The Fund is subject to the principal risks described below, whether through the Fund’s direct investments,
investments by its Subsidiaries or derivatives positions or other investments. As with any investment company,
there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. You could lose all or part of your
investment in the Fund, and the Fund could underperform other investments.
Default Risk.
The value of the Fund’s investments in whole loans and other alternative lending-related securities,
such as shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing an interest in and the right to receive principal and
interest payments due on whole loans or fractions of whole loans, is dependent on the borrowers’ continued and
timely payments. The Fund receives payments on such investments only if the party servicing the loans receives the
borrowers’ payments on the corresponding or underlying loans and passes such payments through to the Fund. If a
borrower fails to make interest payments or repay principal when due on a loan in which the Fund has investment
exposure, or if the value of such a loan decreases, the value of the Fund’s investments will be adversely affected.
There can be no assurance that payments due on underlying loans will be made.
If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund may be greatly limited in its
ability to recover any outstanding principal or interest due, as (among other reasons) the Fund may not have direct
recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its rights under the loan,
whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated or sourced, the loan may be
unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable to commence a legal proceeding against the
defaulting borrower. If the Fund were unable to recover unpaid principal or interest due, this would cause the
Fund’s NAV to decrease. As described further under “—Risk of Unsecured Loans,” the Fund generally will not be
able to offset losses on defaulting loans by looking to collateral or obligations of guarantors, insurers or
governmental authorities, as many of the loans to which the Fund has exposure are obligations not secured by
collateral or (except for certain loans to businesses) backed by any guarantee. In certain cases, after the loan has
matured, the servicing party may have no obligation to make late payments to investors in such loan and, to the
extent that the servicing party receives any funds from defaulting borrowers, the servicing party may retain those
funds to cover attorneys’ fees, collection fees or other costs incurred in pursuing collection, which will diminish or
eliminate the amount that the servicing party would otherwise pass on to the investor.
Borrowings obtained through alternative lending platforms may not limit borrowers from incurring additional debt.
If a borrower incurs additional debt obligations after obtaining a loan, the borrower’s creditworthiness may
diminish, and any additional obligations could cause the borrower to experience financial distress, insolvency or
bankruptcy, all of which would impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan underlying the Fund’s investment.
Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund may be reclaimed in a bankruptcy proceeding if any such
payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance or a preferential payment, which
will result in losses to the Fund. If the additional debt obligation of the borrower is secured by collateral and the
loan to which the Fund is exposed is unsecured, the borrower may be motivated to repay the secured loan before
meeting its obligations under the unsecured loan.
Furthermore, the ability of secured creditors to pursue remedies against the collateral of the borrower may impair
the borrower’s ability to repay its unsecured loan, or it may impair the platform’s or servicer’s ability to collect on
the loan upon default. The loans in which the Fund invests generally do not include any cross-default provisions.
Cross-default provisions render a default on one outstanding debt obligation an automatic default on another debt
obligation of the borrower, which permits creditors to react more quickly to take steps to protect their interests. In
contrast, the loans in which the Fund invests typically will be placed in default or referred to collection only if there
are independent defaults on such loans, irrespective of whether the borrower has defaulted on a different debt
obligation. Not only will the Fund not benefit from such protective provisions, the Fund also generally will not be
made aware of any additional debt incurred by a borrower or whether such debt is secured or unsecured.
Default rates on loans may be adversely affected by a number of factors outside the Fund’s control, such as
economic downturns or general economic or political conditions, including prevailing interest rates, the rate of
unemployment, the level of consumer confidence, residential real estate values, the value of various currencies,
energy or gasoline prices, changes in consumer spending, the number of bankruptcies, insolvencies, disruptions in
the credit markets, the borrower’s circumstances, the stigma of bankruptcy, decreases in the value of the underlying
collateral of any secured loans and other factors. For example, see “—Risks Relating to Collateral or
Guarantees.”  In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and other infectious illness outbreaks may in the
future impact, loan repayment and default rates. See “—Epidemic and Pandemic Risk.”
The default history for alternative lending borrowing arrangements is limited. Future defaults may be higher than
historical defaults and the timing of defaults may vary significantly from historical observations. As described
further under “—Credit/Counterparty Risk,” the credit profile and interest rates available to certain borrowers who
seek credit through alternative lending platforms may result in a higher rate of default for alternative lending-related
securities as compared with the debt instruments associated with more traditional lending models, such as banks,
although pursuant to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions, the Fund may not invest in loans that are of
subprime quality at the time of investment. If the impact of defaults on loans to which the Fund has exposure
exceeds the profits on non-defaulting loans, the Fund will be unable to achieve its investment objective.
The Fund’s investments in equity securities issued by alternative lending platforms themselves (or their affiliates) or
REITs are also subject to the risk of loss. If a platform or other issuer defaults on its outstanding obligations, the
Fund’s equity interest in such issuer may be diminished or extinguished and the Fund can expect to realize on any
such investments only to the extent that the issuer’s creditors are made whole and the issuer still has residual profits
that would benefit equity holders.
Loan Modification Risk.
At any time, and particularly during economic downturns or periods of market volatility,
the terms of any loan to which the Fund gains exposure, including the interest rate, timing of payments or the
overall amount to be repaid, may be modified in the discretion of the loan servicer or by operation of federal, state
or local law or regulation in order to provide relief to borrowers experiencing financial hardship. Any such loan
modification or forbearance may result in less favorable terms for the Fund and could adversely affect Fund
performance by, among other things, postponing the receipt of payments by the Fund or reducing the overall
amount to be repaid by the borrower. The servicing entity typically will make all decisions regarding any
modification, forbearance or other form of relief that may be provided to a borrower, and the Fund will typically
have no ability to set the terms of any loan modification or forbearance or to influence the decision of the servicing
entity.
Risk of Unsecured Loans.
Many of the Fund’s alternative lending are associated with loans that are unsecured
obligations of borrowers. This means that they are not secured by any collateral, not insured by any third party, not
backed by any governmental authority in any way and, except in the case of certain loans to businesses, not
guaranteed by any third party. When a borrower defaults on an unsecured loan, the holder’s only recourse is
generally to accelerate the loan and enter into litigation to recover the outstanding principal and interest. There is no
assurance that such litigation would result in full repayment of the loan and the costs of such measures may
frequently exceed the outstanding unpaid amount of the borrowing. The Fund generally will need to rely on the
efforts of the platforms, servicers or their designated collection agencies to collect on defaulted loans and there is no
guarantee that such parties will be successful in their efforts to collect on loans. The Fund typically does not know
the identity of borrowers and contracts with the platforms or third-party loan servicers to service the loans and,
therefore, does not expect to (and in many cases will have no way to) pursue borrowers that fail to repay principal
or interest. In addition, the Fund’s investments in shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing an
interest in a special purpose entity organized by an alternative lending platform and the right to receive principal
and interest payments due on whole loans or fractions of whole loans owned by such entity are typically unsecured
obligations of the issuer. As a result, the Fund generally may not look to the underlying loans to satisfy delinquent
payments on such interests, even though payments on such interests depend entirely on payments by underlying
borrowers on their loans.
Risks Relating to Collateral
or
Guarantees.
Even if a loan to which the Fund is exposed is secured, there can be
no assurance that the collateral will, if or when recovered and liquidated, generate sufficient (or any) funds to offset
any losses associated with a defaulting loan. In some cases, borrowers of secured loans may be required to provide
more collateral (or margin) when the value of the collateral falls below the loan’s margin requirements. In such
cases, the platform or loan servicer will issue a margin call requiring the borrower to deposit additional cash or
acceptable collateral. If the borrower fails to meet the margin call within the allotted time or, in the case of a
secured loan that provides that the loan servicer may liquidate a portion of the collateral on deposit to cover the
outstanding principal on the loan if the value of the collateral declines beyond a specified threshold, the platform or
loan servicer may close out all or a portion of the borrower’s loan by liquidating all or a portion of the collateral on
deposit. If the platform or loan servicer is unable to liquidate the collateral (timely or at all) or is forced to liquidate
the collateral at a disadvantageous time or price or if the value of the proceeds from the liquidation of the collateral
are less than the amounts owed under the secured loans, the value of the loan will be adversely affected. In
purchasing secured loans, the Fund is not limited to any particular form of collateral and platforms may accept
forms of collateral such as equity securities, shares of exchange-traded funds or bitcoin that may fluctuate
substantially in value due to market conditions, which could adversely affect the value of the collateral, and, in turn,
result in losses to the Fund. In addition, loans purchased through platforms that accept a single type of collateral for
all loans could experience losses simultaneously. As described further under “ – Platform Risk,” the Fund is also
subject to the risk that a platform or loan servicer will fail to sufficiently value collateral, issue margin calls, close
out a loan by liquidating all or a portion of a borrower’s collateral or otherwise administer a loan’s margin
requirements timely or at all, in which case a loan to which the Fund has exposure may be adversely impacted.
It is possible that the same collateral could secure multiple loans, in which case the liquidation proceeds of the
collateral may be insufficient to cover the payments due on all the loans secured by that collateral. There can be no
guarantee that the collateral can be liquidated at the value the Fund believes the collateral is worth or at all, and any
costs associated with such liquidation could reduce or eliminate the amount of funds otherwise available to offset
the payments due under the loan. As described further under “—Default Risk” and “—Risk of Unsecured Loans,”
the Fund generally will need to rely on the efforts of the platforms, servicers or their designated collection agencies
to collect on defaulted loans and there is no guarantee that such parties will be successful in their efforts to collect.
To the extent that the loan obligations in which the Fund invests are guaranteed by a third party, there can be no
assurance that the guarantor will perform its payment obligations should the underlying borrower default on its
payments. As described under “—Default Risk,” the Fund could suffer delays or limitations on its ability to realize
the benefits of the collateral to the extent the borrower becomes bankrupt or insolvent. Moreover, the Fund’s
security interests may be unperfected for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make a required filing by the
servicer and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as it expected.
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk.
The impact of COVID-19, and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in
the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations or the entire global economy, individual issuers
and capital markets in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen. In addition, the impact of infectious illnesses in
emerging market countries may be greater due to generally less established healthcare systems. Public health crises
caused by the COVID-19 outbreak and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in the future may
exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. Such impacts
present material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Fund’s investment performance and financial results. The
impact of COVID-19 or any future public health crisis may also heighten the other risks disclosed in this
prospectus.
For example, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the share of loans in the Fund’s portfolio that were
placed in forbearance or otherwise modified increased substantially, which reduced, and may in the future reduce
again, the principal and interest payments received by the Fund each month. Loans placed in forbearance or
otherwise modified may default at higher rates than they otherwise would have in the absence of the COVID-19
pandemic, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance and your investment in the Fund. In addition, the
alternative lending platforms to which the Fund has exposure substantially reduced the number of loans they
originated each month in response to the early waves of the COVID-19 crisis. If this decrease in originations
resumes, the Fund could face additional competition for access to platforms and alternative lending-related
securities, and could be prevented from deploying capital in a timely or efficient manner. As discussed further under
“Competition, Ramp-up and Exposure Risks” below, this could force the Fund to invest in cash, cash equivalents or
other assets that may result in lower returns than may otherwise be available through investments in alternative
lending-related securities. Furthermore, as discussed in more detail under “Platform Risk,” the Fund relies on
alternative lending platforms to, among other things, originate or source alternative lending-related securities and to
service loans to which the Fund has exposure. The disruption to the platforms’ businesses caused by the COVID-19
pandemic or any future public health crisis could limit or eliminate the ability of the Fund to invest in loans
originated or sourced by one or more platforms or inhibit a platform’s ability to service loans to which the Fund has
exposure, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund and its performance. The impact of COVID-19 or any
future public health crisis may also heighten the other risks disclosed in this prospectus.
Asset-Backed Securities Risk.
The Fund’s
investments
in pass-through certificates, securitization vehicles or other
special purpose entities that hold alternative lending-related securities (collectively, “asset-backed securities”) may
involve risks that differ from or are greater than risks associated with other types of investments. For example, such
asset-backed securities may be more sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates than other securities.
The rate
of prepayments on underlying assets will also affect the price and volatility of an asset-backed security,
may have
the effect of shortening
or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the
time of purchase
and may lower
its
return. The asset-backed securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to
risks associated with their structure
,
with
the nature of the underlying assets and
with
the servicing of those assets;
for this reason, many of the other risks described herein are relevant to the asset-backed securities to which the
Fund has exposure. There is risk that the underlying debt securities will default and that recovery on repossessed
collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments on the underlying investments. Payment of
interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities, as well as the return associated with an equity
investment in an asset-backed security, is largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the underlying loans
or other assets backing the securities. For example, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and other
infectious illness outbreaks may in the future impact, loan repayment and default rates. See “Epidemic and
Pandemic Risk.” The risks and returns for investors like the Fund in asset-backed securities depend on the tranche
in which the investor holds an interest. The debt tranche(s) are entitled to receive payment before the equity if the
cash flow generated by the underlying assets is insufficient to allow the vehicle to make payments on all of the
tranches. The debt tranche(s), therefore, may receive higher credit ratings (if rated) and the equity tranche may be
considered more speculative. Many asset-backed securities in which the Fund invests may be difficult to value and
may be deemed illiquid. Asset-backed securities may have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes
in the value of the underlying assets and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the
Fund may have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned the
underlying asset directly.
For example, any mishandling of related documentation by a servicer may also affect the
rights of the security holder in and to the underlying collateral.
The value of an investment in the Fund may be
more volatile and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to asset-backed
securities. In the event that the market for asset-backed securities experiences high volatility and a lack of liquidity,
the value of many asset-backed securities may decline.
In addition, when investing in asset-backed securities, the
Fund will indirectly bear additional fees and expenses, such as trustee or administrator fees, that it would not bear if
it invested directly in the assets underlying the asset-backed
securities
, which may cause the Fund’s performance to
be lower than if it had invested directly in such underlying assets.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk.
The Fund’s investments in securitization vehicles or other special purpose
entities that hold mortgages or mortgage-backed securities may involve risks that differ from or are greater than
risks associated with other types of investments. For example, such mortgage-backed securities may be more
sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates than other securities. The rate of pre-payments on underlying
mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-backed security, and may have the effect of shortening
or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. For
example, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and other infectious illness outbreaks may in the future
impact, the rate of loan modification, forbearance and other forms of relief that may extend the effective duration of
a mortgage-backed security. See “—Epidemic and Pandemic Risk.”
Generally, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of fixed rate mortgage-related assets, making them more
sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the Fund may exhibit additional
volatility since individual mortgage holders are less likely to exercise prepayment options, thereby putting
additional downward pressure on the value of these securities and potentially causing the Fund to lose money. This
is known as extension risk. Mortgage-backed securities can be highly sensitive to rising interest rates, such that
even small movements can cause the Fund to lose value. Mortgage-backed securities, and in particular those not
backed by a government guarantee, are subject to credit risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off
their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns of the Fund because the Fund may have to
reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates.
The mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to risks associated with their structure
and the nature of the underlying mortgages and the servicing of those mortgages; for this reason, many of the other
risks described herein are relevant to the mortgage-backed securities to which the Fund has exposure. There is risk
that the underlying debt securities will default. In the event of default, the holder of a mortgage-backed security
may not have a security interest in the underlying collateral, and even if such a security interest exists, the recovery
on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments on the underlying investments.
During periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of rising unemployment,
delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving
mortgage loans. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on mortgage-backed securities, as well as the return
associated with an equity investment in a mortgage-backed security, is largely dependent upon the cash flows
generated by the underlying mortgages backing the securities. The risks and returns for investors like the Fund in
mortgage-backed securities depend on the tranche in which the investor holds an interest. The debt tranche(s) are
entitled to receive payment before the equity if the cash flow generated by the underlying mortgages is insufficient
to allow the vehicle to make payments on all of the tranches. The debt tranche(s), therefore, may receive higher
credit ratings (if rated) and the equity tranche may be considered more speculative. Many mortgage-backed
securities in which the Fund invests may be difficult to value and may be deemed illiquid. Mortgage-backed
securities may have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the underlying
mortgages and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the Fund may have the
potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned the underlying
mortgages directly. The value of an investment in the Fund may be more volatile and other risks tend to be
compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to mortgage-backed securities. In the event that the
market for mortgage-backed securities experiences high volatility and a lack of liquidity, the value of many
mortgage-backed securities may decline. Any mishandling
of
related documentation by a servicer may also affect
the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral.
Real Property Risk.
The Fund may gain exposure to loans collateralized or secured by, or relating to, real property,
or it may invest in equity or debt securities issued by REITs. The value of an investment in REIT securities or of the
real property underlying a loan will be subject to the risks generally incident to the ownership of improved and
unimproved real estate. Factors affecting real estate values include the supply of real property in particular markets,
overbuilding, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, delays in completion of construction,
changes in operations costs and property taxes, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses,
possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, fluctuations in rental income, increased
competition, and other risks related to local and regional market conditions. The value of these investments also
may be affected by changes in interest rates, macroeconomic developments, and social and economic trends. For
instance, during periods of declining interest rates, mortgagors may elect to prepay, which prepayment may
diminish the yield on mortgage-backed securities.
Some borrowers may intend to use resale proceeds to repay their loans. A decline in property values could result in
a loan that is greater than the property value, which could increase the likelihood of borrower default.
The payment schedules with respect to many real estate-related loans are based on projected revenues generated by
the property over the term of the loan. These projections are based on factors such as expected vacancy rates,
expense rates and other projected income and expense figures relating to the property. The actual revenues
generated by a property could fall short of projections, due to factors such as lower-than-expected rental revenues,
or greater-than-expected vacancy rates or property management expenses. In such cases, a borrower may be unable
to repay a loan. To the extent the Fund has exposure to construction or rehabilitation/renovation loans, it may be
adversely impacted by, among other things, risks involving the timeliness of the project’s completion, the integrity
of appraisal values, whether or not the completed property can be sold for the amount anticipated and the length of
the construction and/or sale process.
A borrower’s ability to repay a loan relating to real property or the value of securities issued by a REIT that holds
real property might also be adversely affected if toxic environmental contamination were to be discovered to exist
on the property. Environmental contamination may give rise to a diminution in value of the underlying property or
may lead to liability for clean-up costs or other remedial actions. A platform or third-party servicer could be forced
to take on potential additional liabilities and responsibilities in the event of foreclosure. A platform may choose not
to foreclose on a contaminated property as the potential liability could exceed the value of the real property or the
principal balance of the related loan. The failure to perform the required remedial actions could, in some
jurisdictions, give rise to a lien on mortgaged property to ensure the reimbursement of remedial costs, which could
decrease the value of the property that serves as collateral.
The state of law is currently unclear as to whether and under what circumstances clean-up costs, or the obligation to
take remedial actions, can be imposed on a secured lender (which may, under certain circumstances, include an
alternative lending platform or the Fund). If the Fund or a platform does become liable for cleanup costs, it may
bring an action for contribution against the current owners or operators, the owners or operators at the time of
on-site disposal activity or any other party who contributed to the environmental hazard, but these persons or
entities may be bankrupt or otherwise judgment-proof. Furthermore, an action against the borrower may be
adversely affected by the limitations on recourse in the loan documents.
REIT Risk.
In general, the
value
of a REIT’s shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry.
See “—Real Property Risk” above. REITs are also subject to the risk of fluctuations in income from underlying
assets, poor performance by the REIT’s manager, the manager’s inability to manage cash flows generated by the
REIT’s assets, adverse local or general economic conditions, possible lack of availability of financing, changes in
interest rates, self-liquidation, adverse economic conditions, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard to
certain REITs, the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and/or to maintain
exempt status under the 1940 Act. If a REIT were ineligible for the favorable tax treatment afforded to REITs under
the Code, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, thus reducing its value. REITs also depend upon
specialized management skills, may have limited financial resources and may have limited diversification because
they invest in a limited number of properties or mortgages, a narrow geographic area or a single type of property or
mortgage. Also, the organizational documents of a REIT may contain provisions that make changes in control of the
REIT difficult and time-consuming. Finally, the equity securities of private REITs are not traded on national
securities exchanges, and are therefore generally illiquid.
In addition, different types of REITs have different risk profiles. The value of securities issued by equity REITs,
which own properties that are leased to tenants and derive income from the collection of rents, may be affected by
changes in the value of the underlying real property, fluctuations in the demand for real estate, defaults by tenants,
and decreases in market rates for rent. The value of securities issued by mortgage REITs, which invest the majority
of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments, may be affected
by the quality of credit extended, prepayments and defaults by borrowers, and changes in market interest rates, and
may be more susceptible to interest rate risk (see “—Interest Rate Risk” below) than equity REITs. Hybrid REITs
invest in a combination of real property and real property mortgages, and are subject to the risks associated with
both equity REITs and mortgage REITs to varying degrees depending on the relative weights of their investment in
each category.
By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, an investor will bear not only his or her proportionate share of
the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of REITs. In addition, REITs depend generally on
their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to investors.
Credit/Counterparty Risk.
The value of a debt security depends on the issuer’s credit quality or ability to pay
principal and interest when due. The securities in which the Fund may invest may have varying degrees of credit
risk and, subject to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions, which, among other things, prohibit the Fund from
investing in loans of subprime quality, the Fund is not restricted by any borrower credit criteria or credit risk
limitation. The value of a debt security is likely to fall if an issuer or the guarantor of a security is unable or
unwilling (or perceived to be unable or unwilling) to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise to
honor its obligations or if the debt security’s rating is downgraded. The obligations of issuers are subject to
bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The value of a debt security
can also decline in response to other changes in market, economic, industry, political and regulatory conditions that
affect a particular type of debt security or issuer or debt securities generally, such as conditions in the alternative
lending market or a decrease in the value of collateral, if any. The values of many debt securities may fall in
response to a general increase in investor risk aversion or a decline in the confidence of investors generally in the
ability of issuers to meet their obligations.
Unlike other debt instruments that are rated by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, the alternative
lending-related securities in which the Fund invests are typically unrated or rated only by the platform. Issuers may
evaluate prospective borrowers by looking to a number of factors, including the borrower’s credit history and/or
credit score as reported by one or more third-party credit reporting agencies. The Fund relies on the borrower’s
credit information, which is provided by the platforms. However, as described under “—Default Risk,” such
information may be out of date, incomplete or inaccurate and may, therefore, not accurately reflect the borrower’s
actual creditworthiness. Although the Fund may not invest in loans of subprime quality, certain borrowers may have
had credit difficulties in the past. Platforms may not have an obligation to update borrower information, and,
therefore, the Fund may not be aware of any impairment in a borrower’s creditworthiness subsequent to the making
of a particular loan.
Not all platforms from which the Fund purchases alternative lending-related securities check borrowers’ credit
scores; for those that do, although the Fund conducts diligence on the credit scoring methodology used by such
platforms, the Fund typically does not have access to all of the data that platforms utilize to assign credit scores to
particular loans purchased by the Fund, and will not independently diligence or confirm the truthfulness of such
information or otherwise evaluate the basis for the platform’s credit score of those loans. As a result, the Fund may
make investments based on outdated, inaccurate or incomplete information. In addition, the platforms’ credit
decisions and scoring models are based on algorithms that could potentially contain programming or other errors or
prove to be ineffective or otherwise flawed. This could adversely affect pricing data and approval processes and
could cause loans to be mispriced or
misclassified
, which could ultimately have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance.
Platform Risk.
As discussed in more detail in “—Default Risk” and “—Risk of Unsecured Loans,” the Fund
receives payments on whole loans or securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due
on loans only if the platform servicing the loans receives the borrower’s payments on such loans and passes such
payments through to the Fund. If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund
may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding payments due, as (among other reasons) the Fund
may not have direct recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its
rights under the loan, whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated or
sourced, the loan may be unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable or undesirable to
commence a legal proceeding against the defaulting borrower.
The Fund may have limited knowledge about the underlying loans and is dependent upon the platform for
information regarding such underlying loans. Although the Fund conducts diligence on the platforms, the Fund
generally does not have the ability to independently verify the information provided by the platforms, other than
payment information regarding loans and other alternative lending-related securities owned by the Fund, which the
Fund observes directly as payments are received. Some investors, including the Fund, may not review the particular
characteristics of the loans in which they invest at the time of investment, but rather negotiate in advance with
platforms the general criteria of the investments, as described above. As a result, the Fund is dependent on the
platforms’ ability to collect, verify and provide information to the Fund about each loan and borrower.
The Fund relies on the borrower’s credit information, which is provided by the platforms. However, as described
under “—Default Risk,” such information may be out of date, incomplete or inaccurate and may, therefore, not
accurately reflect the borrower’s actual creditworthiness. Platforms may not have an obligation to update borrower
information, and, therefore, the Fund may not be aware of any impairment in a borrower’s creditworthiness
subsequent to the making of a particular loan. Although the Fund conducts diligence on the credit scoring
methodology used by platforms from which the Fund purchases alternative lending-related securities, the Fund
typically does not have access to all of the data that platforms utilize to assign credit scores to particular loans
purchased by the Fund, and does not independently diligence or confirm the truthfulness of such information or
otherwise evaluate the basis for the platform’s credit score of those loans. As a result, the Fund may make
investments based on outdated, inaccurate or incomplete information. In addition, the platforms’ credit decisions
and scoring models are based on algorithms that could potentially contain programming or other errors or prove to
be ineffective or otherwise flawed. This could adversely affect loan pricing data and approval processes and could
cause loans to be mispriced or misclassified, which could ultimately have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance.
In certain circumstances, the Fund may be dependent on a platform or loan servicer to value collateral, issue margin
calls, close out a loan by liquidating all or a portion of a borrower’s collateral or otherwise administer a loan’s
margin requirements. The Fund is subject to the risk that a platform or loan servicer will fail to sufficiently provide
such services, in which case a loan to which the Fund has exposure may be adversely impacted. The Fund is also
subject to the risk that a platform or loan servicer incorrectly prices collateral, due to factors such as incomplete
data, market instability or human error, which may result in the platform or loan servicer being unable to administer
a loan’s margin requirements or in the Fund otherwise being undercollateralized. These risks may be heightened in
the case of certain forms of collateral, such as digital assets like bitcoin or equity securities issued by operating
companies or by exchange-traded funds.
In addition, the underlying loans, in some cases, may be affected by the success of the platforms through which
they are facilitated. Therefore, disruptions in the businesses of such platforms may also negatively impact the value
of the Fund’s investments. Disruption in the business of a platform (such as the disruption caused by the COVID-19
pandemic or by the shut-down of certain regional banks in March 2023) could limit or eliminate the ability of the
Fund to invest in loans originated or sourced by that platform. During the height of the COVID-19 crisis, the
alternative lending platforms to which the Fund is exposed substantially reduced the number of loans they
originated each month. If a decrease in originations (or a similar decrease caused by a future public health or other
crisis) resumes, the Fund could face additional competition for access to platforms and alternative lending-related
securities, and could be prevented from deploying capital in a timely or efficient manner. This could force the Fund
to invest more of its assets in one or more of its other investment strategies, which may result in decreased
diversification of the Fund’s investment returns and/or other lower returns than may otherwise be available through
investments in alternative lending-related securities. The Fund may also invest in public or private equity securities
of alternative lending platforms or enter into other financial transactions, including derivative transactions, to gain
exposure to such investments. The performance of equity instruments issued by a platform or derivatives thereon
depends on the success of the platform’s business and operations. As described above, the Fund may also invest in
shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on
fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans.
Platforms are for-profit businesses that, as a general matter, generate revenue by collecting fees on funded loans
from borrowers and by assessing a loan servicing fee on investors, which may be a fixed annual amount or a
percentage of the loan or amounts collected. This business could be disrupted in multiple ways; for example, a
platform could file for bankruptcy or a platform might suffer reputational harm from negative publicity about the
platform or alternative lending more generally and the loss of investor confidence in the event that a loan facilitated
through the platform is not repaid and the investor loses money on its investment. Many platforms and/or their
affiliates have incurred operating losses since their inception and may continue to incur net losses in the future,
particularly as their businesses grow and they incur additional operating expenses.
The Fund’s investments could be adversely impacted if a platform that services the Fund’s investments becomes
unable or unwilling to fulfill its obligations to do so. In order to mitigate this risk, the Fund would seek to rely on a
backup servicer provided through the platform or through an unaffiliated backup servicer. To the extent that it is not
possible to collect on defaulted loans, or to the extent borrowers prepay loans, a platform that services loans may no
longer be able to collect a servicing fee, which would negatively impact its business operations. These or other
similar negative events could adversely affect the platforms’ businesses and/or investor participation in a platform’s
marketplace and, in turn, the business of the platforms, which creates a risk of loss for the Fund’s investments in
securities issued by a platform or derivatives thereon.
Platforms may have a higher risk profile than companies engaged in lines of business with a longer, more
established operating history and such investments should be viewed as longer-term investments. Alternative
lending is relatively new and alternative lending platforms have relatively limited operating histories. They have
met with and will continue to meet with challenges, including navigating evolving regulatory and competitive
environments; increasing the number of borrowers and investors utilizing their marketplace; increasing the volume
of loans facilitated through their marketplace and transaction fees received for matching borrowers and investors
through their marketplace; entering into new markets and introducing new loan products; continuing to revise the
marketplace’s proprietary credit decisions and scoring models; continuing to develop, maintain and scale their
platforms; effectively maintaining and scaling financial and risk management controls and procedures; maintaining
the security of the platform and the confidentiality of the information provided and utilized across the platform; and
attracting, integrating and retaining an appropriate number of qualified employees. A platform may enter into
various business transactions, including mergers or acquisitions, that could require significant managerial attention,
disrupt business and adversely affect its financial results. Platforms are subject to risk of litigation and any such
litigation may be costly to defend and distracting to management. If platforms are not successful in addressing these
issues, the platforms’ businesses and their results of operations may be harmed, which may reduce the possible
available investments for the Fund or negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments in platforms or in
alternative lending-related securities more generally. Platforms that originate loans secured with non-traditional
forms of collateral (e.g., digital assets like bitcoin or equity securities issued by operating companies or by
exchange-traded funds) may have a higher risk profile than platforms that originate loans secured with traditional
forms of collateral.
Certain platforms may work with banks in order to originate loans to borrowers and may rely on such banks to
satisfy certain legal and/or regulatory requirements. If an originating bank suspended, limited or ceased its
operations, if the bank’s relationship with the platform were terminated for any reason or if the bank’s ability or
willingness to continue to serve this function on the current or equivalent terms were in any way curtailed, the
impacted platform would need to negotiate and implement a substantially similar arrangement with another bank,
satisfy any regulatory or licensing requirements with respect to the new bank or seek other solutions. There can be
no assurances that the platform in this type of situation would not be forced to curtail or suspend its operations.
Platforms may have limited or no prior experience with transitioning loan originations to a new funding bank and
the process may result in delays in the issuance of loans, a platform’s inability to facilitate loans or other
unforeseeable consequences. If a platform is unable to enter in an alternative arrangement with a different funding
bank, the platform would need to obtain its own license in order to enable it to originate loans, as well as comply
with other laws, which would be costly and time-consuming. In the U.S., this would entail, at minimum, obtaining a
license in each state in which the platform operates. Platforms operating in other jurisdictions would be subject to
the regulatory requirements of those jurisdictions, which may be burdensome and costly. If a platform is
unsuccessful in maintaining its relationships with the funding banks, its ability to provide loan products could be
materially impaired and its operating results would suffer. The Fund relies on the continued success of the platforms
that facilitate the loans in which the Fund invests. If such platforms were impaired in their ability to operate their
lending business, the Adviser may be required to seek alternative sources of investments, which could adversely
affect the Fund’s performance and/or prevent the Fund from pursuing its investment objective and strategies.
Platforms may rely on debt facilities and other forms of borrowing in order to finance many of the borrower loans
they facilitate. However, these financing sources may become unavailable after their current maturity dates or the
terms may become less favorable to the borrowing platforms. As the volume of loans that a platform facilitates
increases, the platform may need to expand its borrowing capacity on its existing debt arrangements or may need to
seek new sources of capital. The availability of such financing depends on multiple factors, some of which are
outside of the platform’s control. Platforms may also default on or breach their existing debt agreements, which
could diminish or eliminate their access to funding at all or on terms acceptable to the platforms. Such events could
cause the Fund to incur losses on its investments that are dependent upon the performance of the platforms.
As discussed under “—Operational and Technology Risk,” platforms are subject to various risks relating to the
extensive use of information technology.
As discussed under “—Regulatory Risk,” platforms may also be forced to defend legal action taken by regulators or
governmental bodies. Alternative lending is a new industry operating in an evolving legal environment. Platforms
may be subject to risk of litigation alleging violations of law and/or regulations, including, for example, consumer
protection laws, whether in the U.S. or in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Platforms may be unsuccessful in defending
against such lawsuits or other actions and, in addition to the costs incurred in fighting any such actions, platforms
may be required to pay money in connection with the judgments, settlements or fines or may be forced to modify
the terms of its borrower loans, which could cause the platform to realize a loss or receive a lower return on a loan
than originally anticipated. Platforms may also be parties to litigation or other legal action in an attempt to protect
or enforce their rights or those of affiliates, including intellectual property rights, and may incur similar costs in
connection with any such efforts.
The Fund’s investments in the equity securities of alternative lending platforms, including common stock, preferred
stock, warrants or convertible stock, are subject to equity securities risk. Equity securities risk is the risk that the
value of equity securities to which the Fund is exposed will fall due to general market or economic conditions;
overall market changes; local, regional or global political, social or economic instability; currency, interest rate and
commodity price fluctuations; perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers participate and the particular
circumstances and performance of the issuers. Market conditions may affect certain types of equity securities to a
greater extent than other types; for example, equity securities of issuers in new or emerging industries may be more
susceptible to market conditions and may experience volatility in returns. Equities to which the Fund may be
exposed are structurally subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms
of priority to corporate income and, therefore, will be subject to greater risk than debt instruments of such issuers.
The prices of equities are also sensitive to rising interest rates, as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs
increase. The equity securities of smaller, less seasoned companies, such as platforms or their affiliates, are
generally subject to greater price fluctuations, limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and higher investment risk.
Smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, may be dependent on a limited
management group and may lack substantial capital reserves or an established performance record. There may be
generally less publicly available information about such companies than for larger, more established companies.
The Fund invests in unlisted equity securities, which generally involve a higher degree of valuation and
performance uncertainty and greater liquidity risk than investments in listed securities. Such issuers tend to be more
susceptible to the actions of competitors and market conditions, including general economic downturns; often
operate at a financial loss; are more likely to depend on small numbers of key management persons such that the
departure of any such persons could have a material adverse impact on the business and prospects of the company;
and generally have less predictable operating results. Investments that are unlisted at the time of acquisition may
remain unlisted and may, therefore, be difficult to value and/or realize. Preferred securities may pay fixed or
adjustable rates of return. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to
equity securities. In addition, preferred securities generally pay a dividend and rank ahead of common stocks and
behind debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the issuer in a liquidation or bankruptcy. For this
reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or
perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities may also be sensitive to
changes in interest rates. When interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred securities may be less attractive,
causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable
to adverse developments than preferred stock of larger companies. Warrants are options to purchase equity
securities at specific prices valid for a specific period of time. Their prices do not necessarily move parallel to the
prices of the underlying securities. Convertible securities are subject to the risks applicable generally to debt
securities, including credit risk. Convertible securities also react to changes in the value of the common stock into
which they convert, and are thus subject to market risk. Because the value of a convertible security can be
influenced by both interest rates and the common stock’s market movements, a convertible security generally is not
as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt security, and generally will not vary in value in response to other
factors to the same extent as the underlying common stock. In the event of a liquidation of the issuing company,
holders of convertible securities typically would be paid before the company’s common shareholders
but
after
holders of any senior debt obligations of the company.
Risk of Securities Issued by Platforms, Their Affiliates or Special Purpose Entities Sponsored by Platforms
or Their Affiliates.
The Fund’s investments in shares, certificates, notes or other securities issued by a platform, its
affiliates or a special purpose entity sponsored by a platform or its affiliates that represent the right to receive
principal and interest payments due on fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans may expose the Fund to the
credit risk of the issuer. Generally, such securities are unsecured obligations of the issuer; an issuer that becomes
subject to bankruptcy proceedings may be unable to make full and timely payments on its obligations to the Fund,
even if the payments on the underlying loan or loans continue to be made timely and in full. In addition, when the
Fund owns such fractional loans or other securities, the Fund and its custodian generally do not have a contractual
relationship with, or personally identifiable information regarding, individual borrowers, so the Fund will not be
able to enforce underlying loans directly against borrowers and may not be able to appoint an alternative servicing
agent in the event that a platform or third-party servicer, as applicable, ceases to service the underlying loans.
Therefore, the Fund is more dependent on the platform and loan servicer for servicing than in the case in which the
Fund owns whole loans. Where such interests are secured, the Fund relies on the platform to perfect the Fund’s
security interest. In addition, there may be a delay between the time the Fund commits to purchase a security issued
by a platform, its affiliate or a special purpose entity sponsored by the platform or its affiliate and the issuance of
such security and, during such delay, the funds committed to such an investment will not earn interest on the
investment nor will they be available for investment in other alternative lending-related securities, which will
reduce the effective rate of return on the investment. The Fund invests primarily in whole loans, and to a lesser
extent in securities with exposure to fractional loans or other similar securities.
Equity Securities Risk.
The Fund’s investments in
the
equity securities of alternative lending platforms or REITs,
including common stock, preferred stock, warrants or convertible stock, are subject to equity securities risk. Equity
securities risk is the risk that the value of equity securities to which the Fund is exposed will fall due to general
market or economic conditions; overall market changes; local, regional or global political, social or economic
instability; currency, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations; perceptions regarding the industries in which
the issuers participate and the particular circumstances and performance of the issuers. The prices of equities are
also sensitive to rising interest rates, as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs increase. The equity securities
of smaller, less seasoned companies, such as platforms or their affiliates, are generally subject to greater price
fluctuations, limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and higher investment risk. The Fund invests in unlisted
equity securities, which generally involve a higher degree of valuation and performance uncertainty and greater
liquidity risk than investments in listed securities. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks
applicable generally to equity securities. In addition, preferred securities generally pay a dividend and rank ahead of
common stocks and behind debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the issuer in a liquidation or
bankruptcy. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other
debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities may also
be sensitive to changes in interest rates. When interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred securities may be
less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Convertible securities are subject to the risks
applicable generally to debt securities, including credit risk. Convertible securities also react to changes in the value
of the common stock into which they convert, and are thus subject to market risk. In the event of a liquidation of
the issuing company, holders of convertible securities typically would be paid before the company’s common
shareholders but after holders of any senior debt obligations of
the
company.
Servicer Risk.
The Fund’s direct and indirect investments in loans originated or sourced by alternative lending
platforms are typically serviced by that platform or a third-party servicer. Loan servicing may entail the assessment
and/or collection of payments and fees from borrowers, the allocation and payment of such amounts to investors
and the execution of collections processes upon nonpayment of borrower loans, which may include referral of
overdue loans to collections personnel or outside collection agencies. Fees charged by a loan servicer reduce the
returns on the Fund’s investments.
In the event that the servicer is unable to service the loan, there can be no guarantee that a backup servicer will be
able to assume responsibility for servicing the loans in a timely or cost-effective manner; any resulting disruption or
delay could jeopardize payments due to the Fund in respect of its investments or increase the costs associated with
the Fund’s investments. If the servicer becomes subject to a bankruptcy or similar proceeding, there is some risk
that the Fund’s investments could be recharacterized as a secured loan from the Fund to the platform, as described
more fully (with respect to the potential bankruptcy of a platform) under “—Regulatory Risk,” which could result
in uncertainty, costs and delays from having the Fund’s investment deemed part of the bankruptcy estate of the
platform, rather than an asset owned outright by the Fund. Servicers may be subject to other risks described herein,
including “—Platform Risk.”
Regulatory Risk.
The loan industry is highly regulated and the alternative lending-related securities in which the
Fund invests are subject to extensive rules and regulations issued by governmental authorities in each of the
jurisdictions in which the Fund invests. These authorities also may impose obligations and restrictions on the
platforms’ activities or those of other entities involved in the alternative lending process. As a result of ongoing
economic and other developments, changes to federal, state or local law or regulation may negatively affect the
Fund’s ability to receive payments of interest and repayments of principal on its investments.
The platforms’ failure to comply with the requirements of applicable law may cause, among other things, the
platforms to be required to register with or be licensed by governmental authorities and/or the revocation of
requisite licenses, the voiding of loan contracts, practice restrictions, impairment of the enforcement of loans or
collection of interest, indemnification liability to contract counterparties, class action lawsuits, administrative
enforcement actions and/or civil and criminal liability in the relevant jurisdiction. The evolving nature of the
platforms’ respective business models may complicate their ability to determine the applicability of, and to effect
compliance with, such requirements. Moreover, legal and regulatory requirements and any interpretations of those
requirements are subject to periodic changes. Any such change necessitating new significant compliance obligations
could have an adverse effect on the platforms’ compliance costs and ability to operate. The platforms could seek to
pass through any increase in their costs to their borrowers or investors, such as the Fund, in the form of higher
origination or servicing fees.
In connection with the sale and servicing of
whole loans, fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans, the
platforms typically make representations and warranties to investors, such as the Fund, that the loans were
originated and are being serviced in accordance with and in compliance with applicable laws (and in some cases
specifically with the laws described herein) in all material respects. Despite these representations and warranties,
the Fund cannot guarantee that the platforms have been and will continue to be in compliance with all applicable
laws. If those representations and warranties were not correct, the platforms could be required to repurchase the
loans or indemnify the Fund for losses, but the Fund cannot be certain that the platform would be required and able
to repurchase loans or indemnify the Fund for losses in all such cases.
In addition, regulators, enforcement agencies and courts are increasingly considering the role of non-bank lenders
and secondary market loan purchasers. There is no guarantee that laws and regulations applicable to non-bank
lenders will not change in a manner that adversely affects or restricts the Fund, including the ability of the Fund to
acquire loans from platforms,
enforce loans and collect interest and/
or
principal, or
otherwise restricts or materially
increases the cost to the Fund of pursuing potential investment strategies.
Moreover, regulators could seek to
impose liability on the Fund as purchaser and holder of loans for actions omissions of its vendors, such as servicers
or sub-servicers.
Finally, increased reporting, registration, and compliance requirements may divert the attention of personnel and the
management team of the Adviser, and may furthermore place the Fund at a competitive disadvantage to the extent
that the Adviser or companies in which the Fund invests are required to disclose sensitive business information. The
Fund will be required to bear the Fund’s expenses relating to compliance-related matters and regulatory filings,
which are likely to be material, including on a cumulative basis over the life of the Fund.
The information below provides additional detail on some of the laws, rules and regulations relevant to the Fund’s
investments.
Regulatory Regime in the United States. The platforms may be subject to laws including the following in the
United States:
federal and state laws and regulations related to disclosures to and consents from borrowers and
prospective borrowers and loan terms, credit discrimination, credit reporting, debt servicing and collection
and unfair, deceptive, abusive or unconscionable business practices;
state consumer loan, small loan, commercial loan, loan brokerage, loan servicing, credit services
organization and collection agency licensing laws that apply to persons that arrange, broker, facilitate,
market, make, own in whole or in part, hold, acquire, purchase, service, collect or otherwise participate in
loans covered by such laws;
state usury laws and other laws that restrict the amount of interest or fees that may be charged on loans;
state disclosure laws and regulations applicable to small business loans, merchant cash advances and other
commercial-purpose financings;
the Truth-in-Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder, and similar state laws, which require
certain disclosures to borrowers regarding the terms and conditions of their loans and credit transactions;
Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, and similar state laws, which prohibit unfair and
deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, and Sections 1031 and 1036 of the Dodd-Frank Wall
Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices
in connection with any consumer financial product or service, and the Federal Holder in Due Course Rule
(16 CFR 433), which in certain circumstances permits borrowers to assert any claims and defenses that
they would have had against a seller of goods or services obtained with the proceeds of a loan against an
originator or subsequent purchaser of the loan, and analogous state laws prohibiting unfair, deceptive or
unconscionable trade practices;
The Credit Practices Rules, which (i) prohibit lenders from using certain contract provisions that the
Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) has found to be unfair; (ii) requires lenders to advise consumers
who co-sign obligations about their potential liability if the primary obligor fails to pay; and (iii) prohibits
certain late charges;
the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated thereunder, and similar state statutes,
which prohibit creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, sex,
sexual orientation, gender identity, age, religion, national origin, marital status, the fact that all or part of
the applicant’s income derives from any public assistance program or the fact that the applicant has in
good faith exercised any right under the federal Consumer Credit Protection Act or any applicable state
law;
the Fair Credit Reporting Act, as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, which
promotes the accuracy, fairness and privacy of information in the files of consumer reporting agencies, by
regulating the use and reporting of information related to a credit applicant’s credit history and imposing
restrictions on the marketing of credit products through prescreened solicitations based on consumer
report information, among other things;
the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and similar state debt collection laws, which provide guidelines and
limitations on the conduct of third-party debt collectors (and some limitations on creditors collecting their
own debts) in connection with the collection of consumer debts;
the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which includes limitations on financial institutions’ disclosure of nonpublic
personal information about a consumer to nonaffiliated third parties, in certain circumstances requires
financial institutions to limit the use and further disclosure of nonpublic personal information by
nonaffiliated third parties to whom they disclose such information and requires financial institutions to
disclose certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with affiliated and
nonaffiliated entities as well as to safeguard personal customer information, and other federal and state or
foreign privacy and data security laws and regulations, including the California Consumer Privacy Act
(“CCPA”) and similar state laws of broad applicability;
the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, which imposes various consumer consent requirements and other
restrictions in connection with telemarketing activity and other communication with consumers by phone,
fax or text message, and which provides guidelines designed to safeguard consumer privacy in connection
with such communications;
the Federal Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 and the
Telemarketing Sales Rule and analogous state laws, which impose various restrictions on marketing
conducted using email, telephone, fax or text message;
the Bankruptcy Code, which limits the extent to which creditors may seek to enforce debts against parties
who have filed for bankruptcy protection;
the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, which allows military members to suspend or postpone certain civil
obligations so that the military member can devote his or her full attention to military duties and limits
interest rates on certain obligations of servicemembers to 6% per annum;
the Military Lending Act, which limits the amount of interest and fees that may be charged on loans made
to members of the military and provides for other consumer protections;
the Electronic Fund Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, as well as rules of payment
networks and the National Automated Clearing House Association, which require separate customer
authorization for a loan servicer to use electronic transfers for customer payments and provide disclosure
requirements, guidelines and restrictions on the electronic transfer of funds to and from consumers’ bank
accounts;
the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act and similar state laws, particularly the
Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, which authorize the creation of legally binding and enforceable
agreements utilizing electronic records and signatures and govern the circumstances in which a person
may electronically provide disclosures otherwise required to be in writing;
the regulations promulgated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control under the U.S. Treasury Department
related to the administration and enforcement of sanctions against non-U.S. jurisdictions and persons,
including Specially Designated Nationals (SDNs), that threaten U.S. foreign policy and national security
goals, primarily to prevent targeted jurisdictions and persons from accessing the U.S. financial system;
the Bank Secrecy Act, which relates to compliance with anti-money laundering, customer due diligence
and record-keeping policies and procedures;
the Uniform Consumer Credit Code as it may be adopted in various states, which relates to consumer
protections for borrowers
Federal and state laws governing the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technologies
in connection with the marketing, solicitation, origination, underwriting, purchase, sale, servicing or
collection of loans;
federal and state securities laws; and
other federal, state and local laws and regulations.
These rules require extensive disclosure to, and consents from, borrowers and prospective borrowers, prohibit
various lending practices such as discrimination and may impose multiple qualification and licensing
obligations on platform activities.
Moreover, under the Federal Holder in Due Course Rule referred to above, failure to perform or a violation of
law by a merchant or service provider could give rise to claims and/or defenses by a borrower, or a group of
borrowers, against the Fund, a servicer and certain other parties.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) has broad authority over the U.S. consumer-focused
businesses in which certain platforms engage. This includes authority to write regulations under federal
consumer financial protection laws, such as the Truth in Lending Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, to
supervise and conduct regulatory examinations of banks with more than $10 billion in assets and certain
non-banks, and to enforce federal consumer financial protection laws against market participants, including the
platforms. The CFPB is authorized to prevent “unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices” through its
regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority. To assist in its enforcement, the CFPB maintains an online
complaint system that allows consumers to log complaints with respect to various consumer finance products,
including the loans that platforms facilitate. This system could inform future CFPB decisions with respect to
its regulatory, enforcement or examination focus. Since March 2016, the CFPB has accepted consumer
complaints regarding consumer loans issued by online marketplace platforms, subjecting platforms to the
CFPB’s expectation for prompt handling of consumer complaints received through the system and making
available to the public non-personalized information regarding such complaints. Until the CFPB issues a final
rulemaking defining which non-bank larger participants in the consumer lending market will be subject to the
CFPB’s supervisory authority, which includes the ability to conduct regulatory examinations, the platforms are
only subject to the CFPB’s rulemaking and enforcement authority, unless they are determined to pose risk to
consumers by the CFPB. The CFPB announced in April 2022 its intention to use its authority to supervise any
non-bank that it determines is posing a risk to consumers. Since that time, the CFPB has entered into
non-public agreements with several entities that have agreed to the CFPB’s supervision. However, on
September
25
, 2025, the CFPB issued a
final rule
to rescind amendments to the Procedures for Supervisory
Designation Proceedings that it adopted in 2022 and 2024. While the future extension of supervisory authority
to non-banks that the CFPB determines pose a risk to consumer is uncertain, it is possible that entities subject
to CFPB supervision and examination, either as a result of such determination or a future larger participant
rulemaking, could include fintech platforms that sell loans to or service loans for the Fund. The impact of such
direct supervision by the CFPB is unknown, but could result in additional scrutiny for platforms, which could
have an adverse impact on platforms and the Fund.
The CFPB could implement rules that restrict platforms’ effectiveness in servicing loans for the Fund. For
example, on October 5, 2017, the CFPB issued a final rule regarding Payday, Vehicle Title and Certain
High-Cost Installment Loans (the “Final Rule”). The Final Rule mandated with respect to loans of 45 days or
less or longer-term loans with balloon payments that lenders must take reasonable steps to ensure that
prospective borrowers have the ability to repay them. In July 2020, the CFPB issued a final rule to rescind the
Final Rule’s mandatory underwriting requirements (i.e., the ability-to-repay requirements) and ratify the Final
Rule’s payment provisions that prohibit lenders from making new attempts to debit a borrower’s account after
two failed attempts, absent express authorization by the borrower for further withdrawals. The Final Rule was
stayed pending resolution of legal claims regarding both the substance of the Final Rule and the
constitutionality of the CFPB’s funding mechanism. In September 2021, the U.S. District Court for the
Western District of Texas upheld the payment provisions in the Final Rule and established a June 13, 2022
effective date. Cmty. Fin. Servs. Ass’n of Am., Ltd. v. CFPB, 558 F. Supp. 3d 350 (W.D. Tex. 2021). However,
implementation of the Final Rule was further stayed and in October 2022 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Fifth Circuit held that the funding mechanism for the CFPB (12 U.S.C. § 5497) is unconstitutional. The
U.S. Supreme Court took the case on appeal and on May 16, 2024, rejected the Fifth Circuit ruling, and
remanded the case back to the U.S. Court of Appeals. On June 14, 2024, the CFPB announced the Final Rule
would go into effect on March 30, 2025. On November 25, 2024, the Fifth Circuit issued an order effectively
confirming that the Final Rule would take effect on March 30, 2025. However, on March 28, 2025, the CFPB
announced it would not prioritize enforcement or supervisory actions related to the payment provisions of the
Final Rule, despite the rule taking effect on March 30, 2025.
Actions by the CFPB could result in requirements to alter or cease offering affected loan products and services,
making them less attractive and restricting the platforms’ ability to offer them. Actions by the CFPB or other
regulators against the platforms, their originating banks or their competitors that discourage the use of the
alternative lending model or suggest to consumers the desirability of other loan products or services could
result in reputational harm and a loss of borrowers or investors. The platforms’ compliance costs and litigation
exposure could increase materially if the CFPB or other regulators enact new regulations, change existing
regulations, modify, through supervision or enforcement, past regulatory guidance or interpret existing
regulations in a manner different or stricter than previous interpretations. In addition to the CFPB, the FTC can
investigate and enforce certain federal consumer protection statutes as well the prohibition on unfair and
deceptive acts or practices under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act or unfair, deceptive or
abusive acts or practices under Sections 1031 and 1036 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act. Similarly, state attorneys general have broad powers to investigate and enforce consumer
protection statutes, which they have used, and are likely to continue to use, with respect to the activities of
certain platforms. Also, the platforms may be subject to regulatory examination or enforcement actions by state
authorities, particularly in states where the platforms are licensed. Moreover, platforms that collaborate with a
bank to offer loans are subject to the supervisory authority of the bank’s regulator(s).
The CFPB issued an interpretive rule in 2022 to provide clarity regarding 12 U.S.C. 5552, which provides
states with authority to enforce requirements of federal consumer financial laws, and issued a report in January
2025 to provide state regulators and enforcement agencies a road map for how they can enforce federal
consumer financial laws. Although the interpretive rule on states’ enforcement authority was rescinded as of
May 15, 2025, the underlying statutory authority for states to
enforce
federal consumer financial laws remains.
With the change in presidential administrations in January 2025 and the expectation that federal regulators may
be less aggressive in enforcing federal consumer financial laws as compared to the prior administration,
several state regulators have signaled an intention to increase their oversight of consumer financial services
firms.
Different platforms adhere to different business models subject to different regulatory requirements. For
example, one platform may operate from a particular state to make loans to small- and mid-sized businesses
across the United States. The platform must comply with that state’s licensing requirements and possible usury
limitations, relying on contractual choice of law provisions when lending to borrowers that reside in other
states. However, other states could seek to regulate the platform on the basis that loans were made to
borrowers located in such other states. Alternatively, plaintiffs or an enforcement agency could assert that the
platform’s choice of law was not valid and that the law of the borrower’s state of residency applies to the
transaction, particularly if enforcement of the parties’ choice of law is found to be contrary to a fundamental
public policy of the borrower’s home state. In either case, loans made in those other states could be subject to
the maximum interest rate limits (usury laws), if any, of such jurisdiction, which in turn could limit revenues
for the Fund or adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Moreover, it could further subject the
platform to such states’ licensing requirements and, potentially, to penalties for having previously conducted
business in such states without a license, which could adversely impact the platform or, in some cases, the
enforceability of some or all of the terms of loans originated by or through the platform without a license.
Another platform may follow a different model in which some or all loans sourced by the platform are made
by a bank. The platform may provide certain services to assist the bank in making the loan, but the loans will
be made subject to the bank’s underwriting guidelines, funding for the loans will come from the bank’s own
resources and the bank will be the named payee on the loans. As a result, the bank is generally considered to
be the “true lender” of the loans originated through the platform. However, if challenged in litigation by a
borrower, government enforcement agency or other litigant, a court may instead decide that the platform is the
true lender of the loans. Plaintiffs and certain regulators have challenged various bank affiliation and similar
arrangements involving a variety of non-bank partners, often in market segments in which the Fund does not
intend to invest, such as payday lending and refund anticipation lending, and recently challenges have been
initiated against marketplace lending platforms on similar theories. Currently, litigation is pending in
California between a platform and the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation which
could become a bellwether for future true lender cases, for example. Cases raising true lender, usury or
licensing questions related to loans made pursuant to arrangements in which platforms affiliated with banks
can be expected to arise from time to time and are likely to be dependent on the specific facts and
circumstances involved as well as developing judicial interpretations of existing and new laws. Given the fact
specific nature of these kinds of cases, courts have recently applied differing interpretations when determining
which party is the true lender, with the diverging outcomes of these cases explained in whole or in part by the
differing legal standards applied by courts and factual distinctions. The resulting uncertainty may increase the
possibility of claims brought against the platforms by borrowers seeking to void their loans or to subject the
platforms to increased regulatory scrutiny and enforcement actions. To the extent that the platform or a
purchaser of loans is deemed to be the true lender in any jurisdiction instead of the originating bank (whether
determined by a regulatory agency at the state or federal level or by a court), loans made to borrowers in that
jurisdiction would be subject to the maximum interest rate limits (usury laws) of such jurisdiction and existing
loans may be unenforceable and the platform or purchaser of loans could be subject to additional regulatory
requirements in addition to any penalties and fines (including licensing), which could adversely affect the Fund
and the value of its investments. Moreover, it may be determined that this business model is not sustainable in
its current form, which could ultimately cause such platforms to alter or terminate their businesses. In such
circumstances, there could be a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy
as well as enforce remedies it may have against the platforms from which it obtained loans.
Many fintech platforms partner with state-chartered banks that rely on federal law, specifically, Section 27 of
the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, which allows a state-chartered bank insured by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation to charge interest to borrowers on a nationwide basis based on the rates allowed by the
state where the bank is located. Section 27 preempts inconsistent state law limitations except for loans that are
made in states that opt out from federal exportation authority. Until 2023, Iowa and Puerto Rico were the only
jurisdictions to have enacted and maintained opt outs of Section 27, although the effect of such opt outs was
unsettled given different interpretations of the opt out right under federal law. In December 2022, the Iowa
Attorney General and Department of Banking announced the settlement of an enforcement action against an
out-of-state, state-chartered bank that made loans in Iowa through a bank partnership program. The state
asserted that its opt out from Section 27 preemption required the bank to comply with state law when lending
to Iowa residents. The state claimed that the bank charged usurious interest on loans to Iowa residents. Without
admitting any violation of Iowa law, the bank agreed to an Assurance of Discontinuance under which it would
make refunds to Iowa residents for interest collected in excess of the state’s usury ceiling.
In 2023, Colorado enacted legislation purporting to opt out of Section 27. The law was scheduled to become
effective July 1, 2024 but was later subject to an injunction covering members of the trade associations that
initiated a legal challenge to Colorado’s interpretation of DIDMCA’s opt-out provision
, which injunction
remains in place while the matter is pending
. The impact of the Colorado legislation is unclear at this time and
other states have considered legislation to opt out of Section 27
, with Oregon recently enacting DIDMCA opt
out legislation that takes effect in early June 2026
. To the extent that a state’s opt-out is effective in preventing
out-of-state, state-chartered banks from exercising their ability to export the interest rates of their home state
when lending to residents of such an opt-out state, it could limit state-chartered banks that partner with fintech
platforms from originating certain loans or result in liabilities for any loans originated in violation of such
opt-out state’s usury ceiling.
Alternative lending platforms may be subject to risk of litigation alleging violations of federal and state laws
and regulations and consumer law torts, including fraud. Moreover, many alternative lending-related securities
(loans, in particular) are written using standardized documentation. Thus, many borrowers may be similarly
situated insofar as the provisions of their contractual obligations are concerned. Accordingly, allegations of
violations of the provisions of applicable federal or state consumer protection laws could potentially result in a
large class of claimants asserting claims against the platforms and other related entities.
Recent case law raised questions regarding the ability of platforms and loan purchasers to charge the same rate
as an originating bank after a loan has been sold to the platform by the originating bank and, in turn, sold to
subsequent investors, such as the Fund. In 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit issued a
significant decision that interpreted the scope of federal preemption under the National Bank Act (the “NBA”)
and held that a non-bank assignee of loans originated by a national bank was not entitled to the benefits of
NBA preemption as to state law claims of usury. Although the decision is binding only in Connecticut,
New York and Vermont, it may significantly affect non-bank assignees of loans, including the loan origination
practices of certain participants in the alternative lending-related industry. At a minimum, non-bank
assignees/purchasers of bank loans may face uncertainty regarding their ability to rely upon federal preemption
of state usury laws in those three states; in addition, a number of alternative lending platforms purchase loans
from state-chartered banks promptly after origination and rely upon federal preemption to exempt the loans
from state usury caps. Following the Second Circuit’s decision, there have been a number of lawsuits in other
parts of the country making similar allegations. In 2020, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
(“OCC”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation separately issued final rules to provide that interest
rate applicable to a loan originated by a bank on the date the loan was made remains valid when a loan is
transferred or sold. Although attorneys general in several states have initiated litigation to challenge the
agencies’ rules, a federal district court upheld the rules in 2022 and the states did not file an appeal.
Nonetheless, some uncertainty remains as future litigants could seek to challenge the rules.
In addition to potential legal and regulatory challenges to platforms, several states have initiated enforcement
actions or considered new legislation that may challenge the ability of state-chartered banks that partner with
platforms to offer loans without a license or at interest rates above a state’s usury ceiling. Although these
developments are relatively recent and some of their outcomes are uncertain, they could limit future
investment opportunities or revenues for the Fund. Moreover, if a bank were to be found to have originated
loans without a license and/or at interest rates not authorized by law, it could adversely impact the
enforceability of loans made by such bank, which could adversely affect the Fund.
In addition, numerous other statutory provisions, including federal bankruptcy laws and related state laws, may
interfere with or affect the ability of an investor to enforce a loan facilitated through an alternative lending
platform. If a platform or related entity were to go into bankruptcy or become the subject of an insolvency
proceeding, the platform or related entity may stop performing its services with respect to the loans. Any
replacement servicer retained for such services may assess higher fees and/or demand additional, less favorable
terms with respect to its obligations. The servicer may also have the power, in connection with a bankruptcy or
insolvency proceeding and with the approval of the court or the bankruptcy trustee or similar official, to assign
its rights and obligations as servicer to a third party without the consent, and even over the objection, of any
affected parties. If the servicer is a debtor in bankruptcy or the subject of an insolvency or similar proceeding,
this may limit the ability of affected parties to enforce the obligations of the servicer, to collect any amount
owing by the servicer or to terminate and replace the servicer. In addition, the sale of whole loans to the Fund
may be found by a bankruptcy court not to have been a true sale, but recharacterized as a secured loan from
the Fund to the platform. If such a recharacterization occurs, most platform loan purchase agreements provide
that the platform grants a security interest to the Fund in the loans subject to the purchase agreement, but the
Fund would incur the resulting uncertainty, costs and delays from having its loans deemed part of the
bankruptcy estate of the platform, rather than assets owned outright by the Fund. A bankruptcy court may also
reduce the monthly payments due under the related contract or loan and/or change the rate of interest and time
of repayment of the indebtedness. Borrowers may delay or suspend making payments on loans because of the
uncertainties occasioned by the bankruptcy or similar proceeding to which a platform or its related entities are
subject, even if the borrowers have no legal right to do so. It is possible that a period of adverse economic
conditions resulting in high defaults and delinquencies on alternative lending-related securities will increase
the potential bankruptcy risk to platforms and its related entities.
The U.S. presidential election of 2024 resulted in a change of administration that resulted in significant
changes in leadership among the federal agencies that regulate consumer credit, including the CFPB, FTC,
federal banking agencies and the Department of Justice. Federal consumer financial regulation is in a period of
extended transition for a variety of reasons, including
review and reconsideration of regulations
, executive
orders impacting the operations of federal agencies are being issued (with uncertainty around the scope of their
application and timing of their implementation), and reductions of personnel are occurring across federal
agencies. There is considerable uncertainty as to
future policies that the current U.S. administration may
pursue in areas impacting financial regulation and consumer protection. Many of the current administration’s
executive orders are being challenged in court, with initial requests for injunctions being granted, denied, or
extended, and the ultimate resolution of the legality of the executive orders is expected to take an extended
period of time. Further, in pending litigation challenges to rules, federal agencies have sought to suspend or
dismiss the litigation in some cases, and in other cases have not yet taken action. The outlook is similarly
uncertain as to pending enforcement cases that have not been abandoned by the CFPB. It is also uncertain how
other federal and state regulators will respond to any changes at the CFPB, which may include increasing or
decreasing enforcement activity.
The Fund cannot predict whether federal or state agencies with oversight over the platforms will take any
action to adopt new regulations, provide guidance or take supervisory or enforcement actions that will
adversely or positively impact the marketplace lending industry or require changes to the business models of
platforms that may adversely affect the platforms’ businesses. If a change in the laws or the interpretations of
current laws were to occur, certain U.S. platforms could be required to either change the manner in which they
conduct certain aspects of their operations or halt certain business operations all together, which could have a
material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy.
At any time there may be litigation pending as well as supervisory or enforcement actions taken against banks
that issue or originate loans for the platforms. Any such litigation or supervisory or enforcement actions may
significantly and adversely impact such banks’ ability to make loans or subject them or the platforms they
partner with to fines and penalties, which could consequently have a material adverse effect on the Fund. The
platforms could also be forced to comply with the lending laws of all U.S. states, which may not be feasible
and could result in platforms ceasing to operate. Any increase in cost or regulatory burden on a platform could
have a material adverse effect on the Fund. Specifically, adverse supervisory or enforcement actions by
regulatory agencies or rulings by courts in pending and potential future litigation could undermine the basis of
platforms’ business models and could result ultimately in a platform or its lender members (investors) being
characterized as a lender, which, as a consequence, would mean that additional U.S. consumer protection laws
would be applicable to the loans sourced on such platforms, potentially rendering such loans voidable or
unenforceable. In addition, a platform or its lender members could be subject to claims by borrowers, as well
as enforcement actions by regulators. Even if a platform were not required to cease conducting business with
residents of certain states or to change its business practices to comply with applicable laws and regulations,
the platform or its lender members could be required to register or obtain and maintain licenses or regulatory
approvals in all 50 U.S. states at substantial cost. If a platform were subject to fines, penalties or other
regulatory action or ceased to operate, this could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to pursue
its investment strategy.
In addition to laws governing the activities of lenders and servicers, a limited number of states require
purchasers of certain loans, primarily consumer loans and mortgage loans, to be licensed or registered in order
to own the loans or, in certain states, to collect a rate of interest above a specified rate. Moreover, recent
litigation involving securitization trusts that take assignment of loans suggests increased licensing,
enforcement and litigation risk for purchasers of loans. The Fund intends to obtain licenses if and where
required in order to pursue its investment strategy. To the extent the Fund obtains such licenses or is required
to comply with related regulatory requirements, the Fund could be subject to increased costs and regulatory
oversight by governmental authorities that may have an adverse effect on its results or operations. If the Fund
were delayed in obtaining, or were unable to obtain, required licenses in certain states, this could limit its
ability to invest in loans to borrowers in those states. If the Fund were to be deemed to have acquired loans
without first obtaining a required license, the Fund could be subject to penalties, prohibited or restricted in its
ability to enforce loans or collect interest, or subject to other damages, which could have a material adverse
effect on the Fund, its investment strategy, and/or results.
Because loans are not ordinarily registered with the Commission or any state securities commission or listed
on any securities exchange, there is usually less publicly available information about such instruments. In
addition, loans in which the Fund invests may not be considered “securities” for purposes of the anti-fraud
protections of the federal securities laws. In the event certain loans in which the Fund invests are not
considered securities, as a purchaser of these instruments, the Fund may not be entitled to the anti-fraud
protections of the federal securities laws. The Fund has been advised by the Staff of the Commission that it is
the view of the Commission and its Staff that the purchase of whole loans through alternative lending
platforms involves the purchase of “securities” under the 1933 Act, issued by the originating platforms, and
that the purchase of whole loans by the Fund involves the purchase of securities.
If platforms or any related entities are required to register as investment companies under the 1940 Act or as
investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, their ability to conduct business may be
materially adversely affected, and contracts entered into by a platform or related entity while in violation of the
registration requirements may be voidable. This could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to pursue its
investment strategy and adversely affect the value of the Fund’s shares.
The U.S. federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”) provides guidelines and limitations on the
conduct of third-party debt servicers in connection with the collection of consumer debts. In order to ensure
compliance with the FDCPA, U.S. platforms often contract with professional third-party debt collection
agencies to engage in debt collection activities with respect to consumer debts. The CFPB, the U.S. federal
agency responsible for administering the FDCPA, has considered comprehensive rulemaking regarding the
operation of the FDCPA. While the agency has paused its rulemaking efforts, future regulatory enactments
may adversely impact the ability of third-party debt collectors to recover claims from borrowers and may
reduce amounts recovered or value of charged-off debts. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on
U.S. platforms and, therefore, on the Fund as an investor through such platforms. The U.S. federal Fair Credit
Reporting Act (“FCRA”) regulates consumer credit reporting. Under the FCRA, liability may be imposed on
furnishers of data to credit reporting agencies, such as platforms that service loans for the Fund, to the extent
that adverse credit information reported is false or inaccurate.
U.S. federal law provides borrower service members on active military service with rights that may delay or
impair a platform’s ability to collect on a loan. The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”) requires that
the interest rate on pre-existing debts, such as service member loans, be set at no more than 6% while the
qualified service member or reservist is on active duty. An investor in an alternative lending-related security
that is dependent on the performance of such a loan, such as the Fund, will not receive the difference between
6% and the original stated interest rate for the loan during any such period. This law also permits courts to stay
proceedings and execution of judgments against service members and reservists on active duty, which may
delay recovery on any loans in default and, accordingly, payments on the instruments that are dependent on
these loans. If there are any amounts under such a loan still due and owing to the platform after the final
maturity of the instrument that corresponds to the loan, a platform may have no further obligation to make
payments on the instrument to the Fund, even if the platform later receives payments after the final maturity of
the instrument.
Platforms do not take military service into account in assigning loan grades to borrower service member loan
requests. In addition, platforms do not request prospective borrowers to confirm if they are a qualified service
member or reservists within the meaning of the SCRA as part of the borrower registration process. As a result,
the platform may not always be able to ensure compliance with the requirements of the SCRA as well as the
Military Lending Act, which, among other things, limits the cost of credit on a covered loan to 36% per year.
In addition, regulatory changes applicable to the collateral securing certain loans to which the Fund may have
exposure, particularly non-traditional forms of collateral (e.g., digital assets like bitcoin), may adversely
impact the value of such collateral or a platform’s or loan servicer’s ability to service such loans.
Lender Liability.
A number of judicial decisions have upheld judgments of borrowers against lending
institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed “lender liability.” Generally,
lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of
good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a similar duty owed to the borrower or has assumed
an excessive degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the
borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. If a loan held by the Fund were found to have been made or
serviced under circumstances that give rise to lender liability, the borrower’s obligation to repay that loan
could be reduced or eliminated or the Fund’s recovery on that loan could be otherwise impaired, which would
adversely impact the value of that loan.
In limited cases, courts have subordinated the loans of a senior lender to a borrower to claims of other creditors
of the borrower when the senior lender or its agents, such as a loan servicer, is found to have engaged in unfair,
inequitable or fraudulent conduct with respect to the other creditors. If a loan held by the Fund were subject to
such subordination, it would be junior in right of payment to other indebtedness of the borrower, which could
adversely impact the value of that loan.
Regulatory Regime in the United Kingdom.
The Fund may invest in alternative lending-related securities
through platforms domiciled in the UK. Such platforms must be authorized and regulated by the Financial
Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in order to engage in the regulated activity of “operating an electronic system in
relation to lending.”
The FCA imposes regulatory controls for platform operators, including the application of conduct of business
rules (in particular, relating to disclosure and promotions), minimum capital requirements, client money
protection rules, dispute resolution rules and a requirement for firms to take reasonable steps to ensure existing
loans continue to the administered if the firm goes out of business. These regulations and any further new laws
and regulations could have a material adverse effect on UK platforms’ businesses and may result in
interruption of operations by such platforms or the passing on of the costs of increased regulatory compliance
to investors, such as the Fund, in the form of higher origination or servicing fees.
The Fund may invest in loans that constitute regulated credit agreements (consumer credit loans) under the
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“FSMA”). Article 60B of the amended Financial Services and
Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (the “RAO”) provides that the activity of entering into a
regulated credit agreement as lender or exercising or having the right to exercise the lender’s rights and duties
under such credit agreement requires FCA authorization. However, article 60I of the RAO and paragraph 55 of
the schedule to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Exemption Order) 2001 provide exemptions
from authorization to persons who acquire rights under a regulated credit agreements (but who do not make
any such loans or extend any new credit), provided that the servicer of such loans is appropriately authorized
by the FCA and the relevant service agreement complies with the requirements of the relevant exception being
relied on.
The Fund is not authorized by the FCA in respect of consumer credit activities. To the extent that it acquires
any loans that are regulated credit agreements under FSMA, the Fund will be required to ensure that a person
with the appropriate FCA authorization is engaged to service such regulated credit agreements in accordance
with the exemptions from authorization under article 60B and paragraph 55 outlined above. If the FCA were to
successfully challenge the Fund’s reliance on this exemption, this could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to
invest in consumer loans in the United Kingdom or other alternative lending-related securities relating to such
consumer loans, and could subject to the Fund to costs that could adversely affect the results of the Fund.
The future regulatory regime in the United Kingdom is currently uncertain as a result of the United Kingdom’s
exit from the European Union on January 31, 2020 (“Brexit”). While an agreement governing post-Brexit trade
between the United Kingdom and the European Union became effective on January 1, 2021, significant issues,
such as market access for financial firms and applicable data protection standards, remain unsettled, and it is
unclear what form a permanent arrangement with respect to such issues may take or what impact it would have
on the United Kingdom regulatory regime. From January 1, 2021, EU law ceased to apply in the UK.
However, many EU laws were assimilated into English law and these assimilated laws will continue to apply
until such time as they are repealed, replaced or amended. The United Kingdom government has enacted
legislation that will repeal, replace or otherwise make substantial amendments to the European Union laws that
currently apply in the United Kingdom. It is impossible to predict the consequences on the Fund and its
investments. Such changes could be materially detrimental to investors, including the Fund. Brexit may have a
significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and
illiquidity, new legal and regulatory uncertainties and potentially lower economic growth for these economies,
which could adversely affect Fund performance. The ultimate effect of these and other social-political or
geopolitical issues are not known but could profoundly affect particular economies and markets as well as
global economies and markets, which may include companies or assets held or considered for prospective
investment by the Fund and could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.
Regulatory Regime in Other Jurisdictions.
The platforms and their investors may face regulation in the other
jurisdictions in which the Fund invests. Many other jurisdictions have regulatory regimes in place to authorize
or regulate platforms. If any entity operating a platform through which the Fund invests, or any entity that is
the lender under a loan agreement facilitated by that platform, were to lose its license or have its license
suspended or revoked, the platform might be forced to cease its operations, which could impair the ability of
the Fund to pursue its investment strategy by investing in loans originated by that platform, and could disrupt
the servicing and administration of loans to which the Fund has exposure through that platform. Any such
disruption could impact the quality of debt collection procedures in relation to those loans and could result in
reduced returns to the Fund from those investments. In addition, some jurisdictions may regulate the terms of
loans issued through a platform or impose additional requirements on investments in such loans, which could
impact the value of alternative lending-related securities purchased from a platform operating in such a
jurisdiction or the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy by investing in loans originated by such
a platform. New or amended laws or regulations could disrupt the business operations of platforms operating
in jurisdictions in which the Fund invests and could result in the platforms passing on of increased regulatory
compliance costs to investors, such as the Fund, in the form of higher origination or servicing fees.
Privacy and Data Security Laws Risk.
There has been an increase in legislative and regulatory activity related to
privacy and data security issues in recent years. GLBA and other laws limit the disclosure of certain non-public
personal information about a consumer to non-affiliated third parties and require financial institutions to disclose
certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with both affiliates and non-affiliated third
parties. Many states and a number of non-U.S. jurisdictions have enacted privacy and data security laws providing
consumers with certain rights and requiring safeguards on the privacy and security of consumers’ personally
identifiable information. For example, on January 1, 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”) took
effect and creates obligations on covered companies to, among other things, disclose certain personal information
about California residents with those residents, allow those residents to request that certain personal information be
deleted, and allow those residents to opt-out of the sale of their information. This law and its implementing
regulations are evolving and subject to interpretation. Similarly, there are a number of legislative proposals related
to privacy and data security in the European Union and the United States, at both the federal and state level. Other
laws deal with obligations to safeguard and dispose of private information in a manner designed to avoid its
dissemination. Privacy rules adopted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission implement GLBA and other
requirements and govern the disclosure of consumer financial information by certain financial institutions, ranging
from banks to private investment funds. U.S. platforms following certain models generally are required to have
privacy policies that conform to these GLBA and other requirements. In addition, such platforms typically have
policies and procedures intended to maintain platform participants’ personal information securely and dispose of it
properly.
The Fund generally does not intend to obtain or hold borrowers’ non-public personally identifiable information, and
the Fund intends to implement procedures designed to prevent the disclosure of non-public personally identifiable
information to the Fund. However, service providers to the Fund, including the Fund’s custodians and the platforms
acting as loan servicers for the Fund, may obtain, hold or process such information. While the Fund has adopted
policies and procedures regarding the platforms’ and custodian’s protection and use of non-public personally
identifiable information, the Fund cannot guarantee the security of that data and cannot guarantee that service
providers have been and will continue to comply with GLBA, CCPA, other data security and privacy laws and any
other related regulatory requirements. Violations of GLBA, CCPA and other laws could subject the Fund to
litigation and/or fines, penalties or other regulatory action, which, individually or in the aggregate, could have an
adverse effect on the Fund. In addition, given that proposed laws and regulations related to privacy and data
security are pending in numerous U.S. states and other jurisdictions, the Fund may also face regulations related to
privacy and data security in the other jurisdictions in which the Fund invests.
Borrowing and Leverage Risk.
The Fund and its Subsidiaries have obtained and may in the future obtain
financing to make investments and/or to fund Share repurchases. The Fund currently utilizes leverage through
reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund also may obtain leverage through derivative instruments or asset-backed
securities that afford the Fund economic leverage. Leverage magnifies the Fund’s exposure to declines in the value
of one or more underlying reference assets or creates investment risk with respect to a larger pool of assets than the
Fund would otherwise have and may be considered a speculative technique. For example, if the Fund obtains
structural leverage through its Subsidiaries that finance their investments in alternative lending-related securities, a
decrease in the value of those securities will negatively impact the Fund’s NAV to a greater extent than if the Fund
had not used leverage. The value of an investment in the Fund will be more volatile and other risks tend to be
compounded if and to the extent that the Fund borrows or uses derivatives or other investments that have embedded
leverage. In addition, the Fund’s interests in Subsidiaries that have entered into borrowing arrangements typically
will rank after such borrowings and if the Subsidiaries’ assets decline in value, the return on the Fund’s equity
interest may be adversely affected.
The Fund’s borrowings are typically secured by investments held by Subsidiaries of the Fund. The Subsidiaries of
the Fund that pledge investments to secure the Fund’s borrowings are typically separate bankruptcy-remote entities
formed for the purpose of holding specific securities and pledging those securities to secure the Fund’s borrowing.
The assets of any such Subsidiary are not available to other creditors, or to any other Subsidiary or the Fund, except
to the extent of permitted distributions made to the Fund. The Fund’s borrowings may impose financial and
operating covenants that restrict the Fund’s business activities, including limitations that could hinder the Fund’s
ability to make additional investments and/or to fund Share repurchases.
Market conditions may unfavorably impact the Fund’s or its Subsidiaries’ ability to secure borrowings on favorable
or commercially feasible terms. Borrowing will also cost the Fund interest expense and other fees. Unless the rate
of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the Fund’s investments exceeds the costs to the Fund of the leverage
it utilizes, the investment of the Fund’s net assets attributable to leverage will generate less income than will be
needed to pay the costs of the leverage and the facility fees that the Fund or its Subsidiaries pay, resulting in a loss
to the Fund even if the rate of return on those assets is positive. The costs of borrowing will reduce the Fund’s
return. To the extent the Fund or a Subsidiary is able to secure financing, fluctuations in interest rates could increase
the costs associated with the Fund’s or Subsidiary’s use of certain forms of leverage, and such costs could reduce
the Fund’s return.
The 1940 Act requires a closed-end fund to maintain asset coverage of not less than 300% of the value of the
outstanding amount of senior securities representing indebtedness (as defined in the 1940 Act) at the time that it
issues senior securities and generally requires a closed-end fund to make provision to prohibit the declaration of any
dividend (except a dividend payable in stock of the fund) or distribution on the fund’s stock or the repurchase of
any of the fund’s stock, unless, at the time of the declaration or repurchase, there is asset coverage of at least 300%,
after deducting the amount of the dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be. To satisfy 1940 Act
requirements in connection with leverage or to meet obligations, the Fund may be required to dispose of portfolio
securities when such disposition might not otherwise be desirable. Engaging in such transactions may cause the
Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to comply with the
requirements of Rule 18f-4. Because, as discussed in more detail under “—Illiquidity Risk”, the Fund’s portfolio
will be substantially illiquid, any such disposition or liquidation could result in losses to the Fund. There can be no
assurances that the Fund’s use of leverage
will
be successful.
Securitization Risk.
The Fund seeks to sell certain whole loans, and may sell other alternative lending-related
investments, to special purpose entities, sometimes referred to as securitization vehicles, formed by third parties for
the purpose of acquiring alternative lending-related investments and issuing securities. The Fund may increase the
volume and frequency of its sales as an active and reliable secondary market continues to develop over time, and a
material portion of its performance may be dependent on such sales. If the development of this market were to slow,
stop or reverse, it may adversely impact the Fund. In connection with the sale or contribution by the Fund or its
Subsidiaries of certain of its alternative lending-related investments to any such special purpose entity, the Fund or
its Subsidiaries may be required to make certain representations about the alternative lending-related investments
sold or contributed to such special purpose entity. The Fund or its Subsidiaries also may be required to indemnify
such special purpose entity, or to repurchase the alternative lending-related investments to which such
representations relate, to the extent that any such representation is found to have been inaccurate on the date that it
was made.
In making such representations, the Fund or applicable Subsidiary may rely upon certain representations and
warranties made to the Fund by the platform from which the Fund or such Subsidiary originally acquired the
relevant alternative lending-related investment. If the Fund or the applicable Subsidiary relies on any such
representations made by a platform, the Fund or such Subsidiary is expected to have a right of indemnification
from, or a right to sell the relevant alternative lending-related investment back to, such platform if such
representations by such platform are found to have been inaccurate on the date on which they were made. In the
event that the Fund or the applicable Subsidiary is required to indemnify, or to repurchase alternative
lending-related investments from, a special purpose entity as a result of a representation made by the Fund to such
special purpose entity, it is expected that the Fund or such Subsidiary will seek to recoup its losses by exercising its
rights to a similar remedy against the platform from which it purchased such alternative lending-related
investments. However, it is possible that the Fund or such Subsidiary will not be able to obtain representations from
the relevant platform that back up all representations required to be made by the Fund in connection with a
securitization, and the Fund may be unable to recoup some or all of such losses through such arrangements.
Risk of Fraud.
The Fund may be subject
to
the risk of fraudulent activity associated with the various parties
involved in alternative lending, including the platforms, issuers, banks, borrowers and third parties handling
borrower and investor information. Prospective borrowers may materially misrepresent any of the information they
provide to the platforms, including their credit history, the existence or value of purported collateral, the purpose of
the loan, their occupation or their employment status. Platforms may not verify all of the information provided by
prospective borrowers. As discussed under “—Credit/Counterparty Risk,” the accuracy of a platform’s evaluation of
a borrower’s creditworthiness could be significantly impaired if based on flawed information. Except where a
platform is required to repurchase loans or securities or indemnify investors, fraud may adversely affect the Fund’s
ability to receive the principal and interest payments that it expects to receive on its investments and, therefore, may
negatively impact the Fund’s performance. A platform may have the exclusive right and ability to investigate claims
of borrower identity theft, which creates a conflict of interest, as platforms may be obligated to repurchase loans
and/or indemnify investors in the case of fraud and may, therefore, have an incentive to deny or fail to investigate
properly a claim of fraud. Furthermore, there can be no guarantee that the resources, technologies or fraud
prevention measures implemented by a platform will be sufficient to accurately detect and prevent fraud.
The Fund is also subject to the risk of fraudulent activity by a platform or a backup servicer. In the event that a
platform or backup servicer engages in fraudulent activity, the pools of loans originated or sourced by the platform
or any loans serviced by the platform or backup servicer may be impaired or may not be of the quality that the Fund
anticipated, thereby increasing the risk of default in respect of such loans.
Below-Investment-Grade Securities and Unrated Securities Risk.
The Fund may have exposure to investments
that are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but are judged by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.
The alternative lending-related securities in which the Fund invests (or, in the case of asset-backed securities or
mortgage-backed securities, the loans that back them) typically are not rated by a nationally recognized statistical
rating organization. Although the Fund’s Fundamental Investment Restrictions do not permit the Fund to invest in
loans of subprime quality, some unrated securities purchased by the Fund may be of credit quality comparable to
securities rated below investment grade by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization. In addition, the
Fund may invest in securities that are rated below investment grade. Below-investment-grade debt securities, which
are commonly called “junk bonds,” are rated below BBB- by S&P Global Ratings or Baa3 by Moody’s Investors
Service, Inc., or have comparable ratings by another rating organization. Accordingly, certain of the Fund’s unrated
investments could constitute a highly risky and speculative investment, similar to an investment in “junk bonds.” As
described under “—Credit/Counterparty Risk,” in evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers of such unrated
investments, the Adviser may rely on the ratings ascribed to such borrowers by the relevant platform. The Adviser
may also rely on reports from one or more independent vendors as part of its investment process or may create its
own internal risk model for this purpose.
The analysis of the creditworthiness of borrowers may be less reliable than for more traditional borrowings, such as
bank loans, and more complex than for issuers of higher-rated investments. The Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective may, as a result, be more dependent upon the platform’s credit analysis than would be the case
if the Fund had exposure to more traditional investments. In addition, such investments may be subject to greater
risks than other investments, including greater levels of risk related to changes in interest rates, credit risk
(including a greater risk of default) and liquidity risk. There is a greater risk of loss associated with alternative
lending-related securities and the ability of a borrower to make payments is predominantly speculative for
below-investment-grade investments or unrated investments judged by the Adviser to have a similar quality.
Borrowers may be in default or have a currently identifiable vulnerability to default on their payments of principal
and/or interest or other payments or may otherwise present elements of danger with respect to payments of principal
or interest. Below-investment-grade investments or unrated investments judged by the Adviser to be of comparable
quality may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry or business
conditions than higher-grade investments. Yields on below-investment-grade investments will fluctuate and may,
therefore, cause the Fund’s value to be more volatile. Certain investments of the Fund may be downgraded to
below-investment-grade status (or may be judged by the Adviser to be of comparable quality) after the Fund
purchases them.
Pursuant to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions, the Fund may not invest in loans that are of subprime quality
at the time of investment.
Interest Rate Risk.
The values of
the
Fund’s investments in income-producing alternative lending-related securities
(such as whole loans, other debt instruments, preferred securities and convertible securities) and debt securities
issued by REITs change in response to interest rate changes. In general, the value of a debt security is likely to fall
as interest rates rise. This risk is generally greater for obligations with longer maturities or for debt securities that do
not pay current interest. Debt securities with floating interest rates can be less sensitive to interest rate changes,
although, to the extent the Fund’s income is based on short-term interest rates that fluctuate over short periods of
time, income received by the Fund may decrease as a result of a decline in interest rates; floating rate loans can also
decrease in value if their interest rates do not rise as quickly or as much as market interest rates. Conversely,
variable rate instruments generally will not increase in value if interest rates decline. When interest rates increase or
for other reasons, debt securities may be repaid more slowly than expected. As a result, the maturity of the debt
instrument may be extended, increasing the potential for loss.
Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result. A wide variety of
factors can cause interest rates to fluctuate (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic
conditions and market developments), and debt securities may be difficult to value during such periods. The Federal
Reserve has recently increased interest rates from historically low levels in light of higher inflation and may
continue to do so. Any additional interest rate increases in the future could have an adverse effect on prices for debt
securities, overall economic activity, the financial condition of borrowers, the supply of alternative lending-related
securities and on the management of the Fund, which could cause the value the Fund to decline.
Prepayment Risk.
Borrowers may decide to prepay all or a portion of the remaining principal amount due under a
loan at any time, without penalty, unless the underlying loan agreement provides for prepayment penalties.
Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of a loan or other security. In the event of a
prepayment of all or a portion of the remaining unpaid principal amount of a loan to which the Fund has investment
exposure, the Fund will receive such prepayment, but further interest will cease to accrue on the prepaid portion of
the loan after the date of the prepayment. If the Fund buys a security at a premium, the premium could be lost in the
event of a prepayment. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments (and price fluctuation) tends to
increase as borrowers are incentivized to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. Borrowers may also seek to
prepay debt obligations in order to refinance at lower interest rates if their credit standing improves such that they
are eligible to borrow at a lower interest rate. During such periods, the Fund generally will be forced to reinvest the
prepayment proceeds at lower rates of return than the Fund expected to earn on the prepaid assets, provided that the
Fund is able to identify suitable reinvestment opportunities, which may adversely impact the Fund’s performance.
Illiquidity Risk.
To the extent consistent with the repurchase liquidity requirement of an interval fund, the Fund
may invest without limitation in illiquid investments. Illiquidity risk is the risk that the investments held by the
Fund may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the Fund would like without significantly changing the
market value of the investment. Alternative lending-related securities, which typically are contractually
non-transferable, are not listed on any securities exchange and/or are not registered under the 1933 Act, are illiquid.
Although an active, reliable secondary market for alternative lending-related securities generally does not exist, a
secondary market for certain alternative lending-related securities is developing. However, there can be no
assurance that an active market will develop or that such a market will exist for any particular security. To the
extent that there is any secondary market for the Fund’s alternative lending-related securities, it is over-the-counter,
as opposed to exchange-traded, and may, therefore, provide less transparency; such markets may also be smaller
and less active than the market for investments that are higher-rated, which may adversely affect the prices at which
the Fund can sell its investments and may result in losses to the Fund. At any given time, the Fund’s portfolio is
substantially illiquid.
The Fund’s ability to realize full value in the event of the need to liquidate certain assets may be impaired and/or
result in losses to the Fund. The Fund may be unable to sell its investments, even under circumstances when the
Adviser believes it would be in the best interests of the Fund to do so. Illiquid investments may also be difficult to
value and their pricing may be more volatile than more liquid investments, which could adversely affect the price at
which the Fund is able to sell such instruments. Investors, like the Fund, that are acquiring or otherwise gaining
exposure to such loans and other related instruments usually must, among other things, hold the loans through
maturity in order to recoup their entire investment and during that time will be unable to make additional
investments using the capital that is put towards such investments or any proceeds on a potential sale of such
investments. Illiquidity risk also may be greater in times of financial stress. The risks associated with illiquid
instruments may be particularly acute in situations in which the Fund’s operations require cash (such as in
connection with repurchase offers) and could result in the Fund borrowing to meet its short-term needs or incurring
losses on the sale of illiquid instruments.
Valuation Risk.
The Fund is subject
to
valuation risk, which is the risk that one or more of the securities in which
the Fund invests are priced incorrectly, due to factors such as incomplete data, market instability or human error.
The Fund typically uses a third-party pricing service to value the Fund’s investments in alternative lending-related
securities, as market quotations generally are not available. The Fund’s investments may also be fair valued by the
Adviser Valuation Committee as described under, and in accordance with the procedures described under,
“Determination of Net Asset Value” below. There is no assurance that the Fund could sell a portfolio asset for the
value established for it at any time and it is possible that the Fund would incur a loss because a portfolio asset is
sold at a discount to its established value.
If
assets are mispriced, shareholders could lose money upon sale in
connection with a periodic repurchase offer or could pay too much for Shares purchased.
Competition, Ramp-up and Exposure Risks.
The market for alternative lending-related securities is highly
competitive and rapidly evolving. The Fund faces competition for access to platforms and alternative
lending-related securities, including from other institutional investors; such competitors may have higher risk
tolerance, greater financial or other resources and/or other advantages. The competitive pressures the Fund faces
may impact the Fund’s ability to make investments consistent with its investment objective. Various platforms also
compete with one other as well as with more traditional lenders, including banks with substantially greater financial
resources. If the Fund is inhibited from deploying capital in a timely or efficient manner, it may be forced to invest
in cash, cash equivalents or other assets that may result in lower returns than may otherwise be available through
alternative lending-related securities.
There can be no assurances as to how long it will take the Fund to invest the net proceeds from additional sales of
Fund Shares, and the longer the period the greater the likelihood that the Fund’s performance will be adversely
affected. Pending deployment of any incremental net proceeds from Share sales, the Fund generally invests cash
held in cash deposits and cash equivalents. The Fund typically limits the sale of its securities based on the Adviser’s
assessment of its ability to invest the proceeds in an effective and timely manner.
If the Fund’s access to platforms is limited, whether due to ramp-up, termination of existing arrangements or failure
to secure arrangements with other platforms, its exposure to the risks of the platforms to which the Fund is exposed,
as discussed under “—Platform Risk,” and the risks of increased exposure to a potentially more limited pool of
portfolio investments, may increase. Moreover, a platform may be unable to sustain its current lending model or
may change its underwriting or credit models, borrower acquisition channels, quality of debt collection procedures
and/or servicing models in ways that may make such investments unsuitable for the Fund; such changes may occur
after the Fund has already made its investments and, as most of the Fund’s alternative lending-related securities are
illiquid, the Fund may not be able to divest itself of the instruments at all or at an advantageous time or price. Even
if the Fund is exposed to a varied pool of assets, the Fund’s investment focus on alternative lending-related
securities will cause the Fund to be subject to greater overall risk than if the Fund’s exposures were less focused, as
it is exposed to events affecting the alternative lending-related industry.
Even if the Fund’s alternative lending-related securities are varied as to borrower type, geographic location, loan
purpose or other features, they may nevertheless have some similar characteristics and may, therefore, be subject to
many of the same risks and/or regulatory regimes and may respond in a similar manner to particular economic,
market, political or other developments.
Geographic Focus Risk.
The Fund will seek to build a geographically diverse portfolio, with assets currently
focused primarily in the U.S., United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. The Fund is not subject to any
geographic restrictions when investing and, therefore, could focus its investments in a particular geographic region,
whether in the U.S. or abroad. A geographic focus in a particular region may expose the Fund to an increased risk
of loss due to risks associated with that region. Certain regions from time to time will experience weaker economic
conditions than others and, consequently, will likely experience higher rates of delinquency and loss than on similar
investments across the geographic regions to which the Fund is exposed. In the event that a significant portion of
the Fund’s investments relate to loans owed by borrowers resident or operating in certain specific geographic
regions, any localized economic conditions, weather events, natural or man-made disasters or other factors affecting
those regions in particular could increase delinquency and defaults on the assets to which the Fund is exposed and
could negatively impact Fund performance. Further, any focus of the Fund’s investments in one or more regions
would have a disproportionate effect on the Fund if governmental authorities in any such region took action against
any of the participants in the alternative lending industry doing business in that region.
Non-U.S. Securities Risk.
The Fund may invest in the alternative
lending
-related securities of non-U.S. issuers.
Such investments may involve risks not ordinarily associated with exposure to alternative lending-related securities
of U.S. issuers. The foreign alternative lending industry may be subject to less governmental supervision and
regulation than exists in the U.S.; conversely, foreign regulatory regimes applicable to the alternative lending
industry may be more complex and more restrictive than those in the U.S., resulting in higher costs associated with
such investments, and such regulatory regimes may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to
investors, such as the Fund. Non-U.S. platforms may not be subject to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting
standards and practices comparable to those in the U.S. Due to difference in legal systems, there may be difficulty
in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment outside the U.S. For example, bankruptcy laws may differ across the
jurisdictions in which the Fund may invest, and it may be difficult for the servicer to pursue borrowers who borrow
through non-U.S. platforms. In addition, to the extent that investments are made in a limited number of countries,
events in those countries will have a more significant impact on the Fund. The Fund’s investments in
non-U.S. securities may be subject to risks of increased transaction costs, potential delays in settlement or
unfavorable differences between the U.S. economy and foreign economies.
The Fund’s exposure to alternative lending-related securities issued by non-U.S. issuers may be subject to
withholding and other foreign taxes, which may adversely affect the net return on such investments. As described
further under “—Currency Risk,” fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls may
adversely affect the market value of the Fund’s investments in alternative lending-related securities of
non-U.S. issuers. The Fund is unlikely to be able to pass through to its shareholders foreign income tax credits in
respect of any foreign income taxes it pays.
Government Securities Risk.
The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in securities issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government (including U.S. Treasury obligations that differ in their interest rates, maturities and times of
issuance) or its agencies and instrumentalities (such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie
Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(Freddie Mac)). U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, risks related to changes in interest rates and
credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by
the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal
when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities
are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the
payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Fund. Securities issued or guaranteed by
U.S. government related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed by the full faith and
credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial
support. Therefore, U.S. government-related organizations may not have the funds to meet their payment
obligations in the future. As a result of their high credit quality and market liquidity, U.S. Government securities
generally provide a lower current return than obligations of other issuers.
Currency Risk. The Fund’s Shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund are paid
in U.S. dollars. However, a portion of the Fund’s assets may be denominated in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies
and income received by the Fund from a portion of its investments may be paid in foreign currencies.
Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will adversely affect the market value of the Fund’s
investments. Currency risk includes the risk that the foreign currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded,
in which the Fund receives income or in which the Fund has taken a position, will decline in value relative to the
U.S. dollar. Currency risk also includes the risk that a currency to which the Fund has obtained exposure through
hedging declines in value relative to the currency being hedged, in which event the Fund may realize a loss both on
the hedging instrument and on the currency being hedged. There can be no assurances or guarantees that any efforts
the Fund makes to hedge exposure to foreign exchange rate risks that arise as a result of its investments will
successfully hedge against such risks or that adequate hedging arrangements will be available on an economically
viable basis, and in some cases, hedging arrangements may result in additional costs being incurred or losses being
greater than if hedging had not been used. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly for many reasons.
Derivative transactions in foreign currencies (such as futures, forwards, options and swaps) may involve leverage
risk in addition to currency risk.
In purchasing or selling local currency to fund trades denominated in that currency, the Fund is exposed to the risk
that the value of the foreign currency will increase or decrease, which may impact the value of the Fund’s
investments in foreign currencies, securities denominated in foreign currencies, derivatives that provide exposure to
foreign currencies and the Fund’s income available for distribution. Some countries have and may continue to adopt
internal economic policies that affect their currency valuations in a manner that may be disadvantageous for
U.S. investors or U.S. companies seeking to do business in those countries. For example, a foreign government may
unilaterally devalue its currency against other currencies, which typically would have the effect of reducing the
U.S. dollar value of investments denominated in that currency. In addition, a country may impose formal or
informal currency exchange controls. These controls may restrict or prohibit the Fund’s ability to repatriate both
investment capital and income, which could undermine the value and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and
potentially place the Fund’s assets at risk of total loss. As a result, if the exchange rate for any such currency
declines after the Fund’s income has been earned and converted into U.S. dollars but before payment to
shareholders, the Fund could be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make such distributions. Similarly, if
the Fund incurs an expense in U.S. dollars and the exchange rate declines before the expense is paid, the Fund
would have to convert a greater
amount
to U.S. dollars to pay for the expense at that time than it would have had to
convert at the time the Fund incurred the expense.
Risk of Investments in Other Pooled Investment Vehicles.
Investing in another pooled investment vehicle,
including securitization vehicles that issue asset-backed securities, including mortgage-backed securities, exposes
the Fund to all of the risks of that vehicle’s investments. The Fund bears its pro rata share of the expenses of any
such vehicle, in addition to its own expenses. The values of other pooled investment vehicles are subject to change
as the values of their respective component assets fluctuate. To the extent the Fund invests in managed pooled
investment vehicles, the performance of the Fund’s investments in such vehicles will be dependent upon the
investment and research abilities of persons other than the Adviser. The securities offered by such vehicles typically
are not registered under the securities laws because they are offered in transactions that are exempt from
registration.
Market Risk.
The value of the Fund’s investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general
economic conditions that are not specifically related to a particular issuer or borrower, such as real or perceived
adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, inflation, changes in interest or currency rates or
adverse investor sentiment generally. The value of the Fund’s investments also may decline because of factors that
affect a particular industry or industries. These risks may be particularly acute for the Fund, as alternative lending is
a new and evolving industry. Additionally, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by current market
factors such as military conflicts abroad, global supply chain issues and inflation.
Volatility Risk.
The market value of the alternative lending-related securities to which the Fund has exposure may
increase or decrease, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, based upon changes in an issuer’s financial condition
and/or overall market and economic conditions. Because many of the Fund’s investments may be illiquid and/or
below investment grade (or unrated, but of a similar quality), the Fund may be subject to increased volatility risk. In
addition, the Fund’s use of leverage increases the volatility of the Fund’s value.
Management and Operational Risk; Cyber-Security Risk.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it
relies on the Adviser’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The Fund runs the risk that the Adviser’s
investment techniques will fail to produce desired results and cause the Fund to incur significant losses. The
Adviser may select investments that do not perform as anticipated by the Adviser, may choose to hedge or not to
hedge positions at disadvantageous times and may fail to use derivatives effectively.
Any imperfections, errors, or limitations in quantitative analyses and models used by the Adviser as part of its
investment process could affect the Fund’s performance. Models that appear to explain prior market data can fail to
predict future market events. Further, the data used in models may be inaccurate or may not include the most recent
information about a company or a security.
The Fund is also subject to the risk of loss as a result of other services provided by the Adviser and other service
providers, including pricing, administrative, accounting, tax, legal, custody, transfer agency and other services.
Operational risk includes the possibility of loss caused by inadequate procedures and controls, human error and
cyber attacks, disruptions and failures affecting, or by, a service provider. For example, trading delays or errors
(both human and systematic) could prevent the Fund from benefiting from potential investment gains or avoiding
losses.
The Fund and its service providers’ use of internet, technology and information systems may expose the Fund to
potential risks linked to cyber-security breaches of those technological or information systems. Cyber-security
breaches could allow unauthorized parties to gain access to proprietary information, customer data or Fund assets,
or cause the Fund or its service providers to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. With the
increased use of technology, mobile devices and cloud-based service offerings and the dependence on the internet
and computer systems to perform necessary business functions, investment companies (such as the Fund) and their
service providers (including the Adviser) may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from
cyber attacks and/or other technological malfunctions. In general, cyber attacks are deliberate, but unintentional
events may have similar effects. Cyber attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online
or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, ransomware, releasing
confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber attacks against,
or security breakdowns of, the Fund, the Adviser, or the custodian, transfer agent, or other third-party service
provider may adversely affect the Fund or its shareholders. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the
processing of shareholder transactions, interfere with quantitative models, affect the Fund’s ability to calculate its
NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause
reputational damage, result in theft of Fund assets, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial
losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Similar types of cyber-security
risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, such issuers’ counterparties or the
alternative-lending platforms from which the Fund purchases alternative lending-related securities, which could
result in material adverse consequences for such issuers or market participants, and could cause the Fund’s
investment in such securities to lose value. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans and systems
that it believes are reasonably designed to prevent cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and
systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been, or cannot be, identified. Service providers may
have limited indemnification obligations to the Adviser or the Fund, each of whom could be negatively impacted as
a result.
Alternative Lending Platform Operational and Technology Risk.
Alternative lending-related securities are
typically originated and/or documented in electronic form and there are ordinarily no tangible written documents
evidencing such loans or any payments owed thereon. In addition, the Fund depends on electronic systems
maintained by the custodian and the alternative lending platforms or their affiliates or service providers to maintain
records, evidence ownership of the Fund’s investments and of the collateral securing certain loans the Fund may
have exposure to, appropriately safeguard such investments and collateral, service and administer such investments
and manage collateral, if any. This means the Fund is vulnerable to the risks associated with such electronic
systems, including, among others: power loss, computer systems failures and internet, telecommunications or data
network failures; operator negligence or improper operation by, or supervision of, employees; physical and
electronic loss of data or security breaches, misappropriation and similar events; computer viruses; cyber attacks,
intentional acts of vandalism and similar events; and hurricanes, fires, floods and other natural disasters.
In addition, alternative lending platforms rely on software that is highly technical and complex and depend on the
ability of such software to store, retrieve, process and manage immense amounts of data. Such software may
contain errors or flaws. Some errors may only be discovered after the code has been released for external or internal
use. Errors or other design defects within the software on which a platform relies may result in a negative
experience for borrowers who use the platform, delay introductions of new features or enhancements, result in
errors or compromise the platform’s ability to protect borrower or investor data or its own intellectual property. Any
errors, flaws or defects discovered in the software on which a platform relies could negatively impact operations of
the platform and the ability of the platform to perform its obligations with respect to the loans or collateral
associated with the platform. The electronic systems on which platforms rely may be subject to cyber attacks that
could result, among other things, in data breaches, the release of confidential information and lost collateral and
thus expose the platform to significant liability. A security breach could also irreparably damage a platform’s
reputation and thus its ability to continue to operate its business.
In addition, despite any security measures established to safeguard the information in these systems, the highly
automated nature of a platform or other service provider involved in the alternative lending process and of the
digital nature of certain forms of non-traditional collateral may make it an attractive target and potentially more
vulnerable to cyber attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins, employee error, malfeasance and
similar disruptions, which could negatively affect the Fund. If a platform or other service provider were unable to
prevent such malicious activity, the breach could compromise the systems and result in the theft, loss or public
dissemination of collateral or the information stored therein. As a result, the platform or other service provider or a
borrower could suffer, among other things, financial loss, the disruption of its business, liability to third parties,
regulatory intervention, the loss of collateral or reputational damage and the platform’s or other service provider’s
ability to fulfill its servicing or other obligations would be adversely affected, which may adversely affect the Fund.
Because techniques used to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to systems change frequently and generally are
not recognized until they are launched against a target, the platforms or other service providers may be unable to
anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, certain legal or regulatory
provisions may require companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving their personal data. If
security measures are breached because of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, or if design
flaws in software are exposed and exploited, relationships with borrowers and investors could be severely damaged.
Any failure of the systems technology on which the Fund relies, or other similar issues, could have a material
adverse effect on the ability of the Fund to acquire, monitor or otherwise transact in alternative lending-related
securities and, therefore, may impact the performance of the Fund.
A platform may rely on data centers or third-party service providers or vendors to deliver its services or maintain
custody of certain forms of collateral. Any disruption of the businesses of such third parties, which may be subject
to all of the foregoing risks, could similarly impede the platform’s business and operations or could interrupt or
delay a platform’s ability to deliver on its obligations. As described in “—Risks Relating to Collateral or
Guarantees” above, there are operational risks relating to collateral held by a custodian, which may be the
alternative lending platform, a custodial agent and/or the borrower.
These potential risks may cause a decrease in the amount of loans acquired by the platforms, which may directly
affect the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective. The potential for security breaches may also
adversely affect the Fund due to its reputational impact on the platforms and wider effect on the alternative lending
industry as a whole. Any of the foregoing failures or disruptions could have a material adverse effect on the
performance of the Fund.
Derivatives Risk.
The Fund may invest in a variety of derivatives, including futures contracts, forward contracts,
swaps and other exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives contracts. The use of derivatives
involves risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing directly in securities and
other more traditional assets. Derivatives are financial contracts the value of which depends on, or is derived from,
an asset or other underlying reference. Derivatives involve the risk that changes in their value may not move as
expected relative to changes in the value of the underlying investment they are designed to track. The Fund may
invest in derivatives for investment purposes and for hedging and risk management purposes. Derivatives risk may
be more significant when derivatives are used to enhance return or as a substitute for a cash investment option,
rather than solely to hedge the risk of a position held by the Fund. See the Statement of Additional Information for
additional information of the various types and uses of derivatives in the Fund’s strategies.
OTC derivatives are not traded on exchanges or standardized; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in these
markets negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. There have been periods during which certain banks or
dealers have refused to quote prices for OTC derivatives contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide
spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell. There is
no limitation on the daily price movements of OTC derivatives. Principals in the OTC derivatives markets have no
obligation to continue to make markets in the OTC derivatives traded.
The Fund’s use of OTC derivatives exposes it to the risk that the counterparties will be unable or unwilling to make
timely settlement payments or otherwise honor their obligations. An OTC derivatives contract typically can be
closed only with the consent of the other party to the contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will still have
contractual remedies but may not be able to enforce them. In addition, in the event of a counterparty bankruptcy, the
Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or
other reorganization proceeding or may obtain a limited or no recovery of amounts due to it under the derivative
contract, including the return of any collateral that has been provided to the counterparty. Because the contract for
each OTC derivative is individually negotiated, the counterparty may interpret contractual terms differently than the
Fund and, if it does, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty to avoid incurring the
cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be unable to obtain payments the Adviser
believes are owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts, or those payments may be delayed or made only after the
Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
Derivatives also present other risks described herein, including market risk, illiquidity risk, currency risk and
credit/counterparty risk. OTC derivatives are generally highly illiquid. Many derivatives, in particular OTC
derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of
mispricing or improper valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the
values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an OTC derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the
Fund enters into OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value of those derivatives in some cases is
determined only by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. As a result, incorrect valuations
may result in increased cash payments to counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in the calculation of
the Fund’s NAV.
The Fund’s use of derivatives may not be effective or have the desired results. Moreover, suitable derivatives will
not be available in all circumstances. The Adviser may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce
the Fund’s risk exposures, potentially resulting in losses for the Fund.
Derivatives in which the Fund may invest may have embedded leverage (i.e., a notional value in excess of the
assets needed to establish and/or maintain the derivative position). As a result, adverse changes in the value or level
of the underlying investment may result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative
itself. See “Borrowing and Leverage Risk” above.
The Fund’s use of derivatives may be subject to special tax rules, which are in some cases uncertain under current
law and could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. See “Distributions and
U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters” below.
The Fund may invest in derivatives that (i) do not require the counterparty to post collateral (e.g., foreign currency
forwards), (ii) require a counterparty to post collateral but do not provide for the Fund’s security interest in it to be
perfected, (iii) require a significant upfront deposit by the Fund unrelated to the derivative’s intrinsic value or (iv)
do not require that collateral be regularly marked-to-market. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured
by collateral, the Fund runs the risk of having limited recourse if the counterparty defaults. Even when obligations
are required by contract to be collateralized, the Fund often will not receive the collateral the day the collateral is
required to be posted. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by a perfected security interest in
collateral, the Fund runs a greater risk of not being able to recover what it is owed if the counterparty defaults
because it is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. Also, in the event of a counterparty’s (or its
affiliate’s) insolvency, the possibility exists that the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of
transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under new special
resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the European Union and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes
provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing
financial difficulty. In particular, the regulatory authorities could reduce, eliminate, or convert to equity the
liabilities to the Fund of a counterparty who is subject to such proceedings in the European Union (sometimes
referred to as a “bail in”).
The Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties and events affecting the
creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund. The Fund may be
required to provide more margin for its derivatives investments during periods of market disruptions or stress.
Rule 18f-4 provides for the regulation of a registered investment company’s use of derivatives and certain related
instruments. As required by Rule 18f-4, the Fund will adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program
to govern its use of derivatives and will appoint a derivatives risk manager who conducts periodic reviews of the
program prior to relying on Rule 18f-4. The Fund’s derivatives risk management program will include policies and
procedures that are reasonably designed to manage the Fund’s derivatives risks. In accordance with Rule 18f-4,
most investments or trading practices that involve contractual obligations to pay in the future described above under
“Borrowing and Leverage” are considered to be derivatives, and the Fund’s derivatives exposure (including its use
of reverse repurchase agreements, which the Fund has elected to treat as derivatives under Rule 18f-4) will be
limited through a value-at-risk (“VaR”) test. Rule 18f-4 may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in certain
derivatives transactions and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions, which may adversely affect the
value of the Fund’s investments and/or performance of the Fund.
Specific risks involved in the use of certain types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest include:
Futures Risk.
A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in
the futures contract. There can be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the
futures and in the underlying reference asset positions underlying the futures contract. Futures exchanges may
limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the
daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day
at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and
therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable
positions. Futures prices have occasionally moved beyond the daily limits for several consecutive days with
little or no trading. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to
close out a futures contract, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the
position is closed. If the Fund were to borrow money to use for trading purposes, the effects of such leverage
would be magnified. Cash posted as margin in connection with the Fund’s futures contracts will not be
available to the Fund for investment or other purposes. In addition, the Fund’s futures broker may limit the
Fund’s ability to invest in certain futures contracts. Such restrictions may adversely affect the Fund’s
performance and its ability to achieve its investment objective. In connection with futures contracts and
options on futures contracts, the Fund (directly or through a Subsidiary) typically posts margin directly to the
FCM, who is expected typically to rehypothecate the margin to an exchange or clearinghouse. Prior to
rehypothecation, such margin may be held by the FCM in commingled accounts with margin from other clients
of the FCM. The margin maintained by the FCM is not subject to the regulatory protections provided by bank
custody arrangements. If margin is posted to the FCM and rehypothecated, neither the Fund nor the FCM to
whom the margin was posted will have custody of the margin. If margin posted by the Fund is not maintained
with the Fund's custodian, the Fund is fully exposed to the fraud and unsecured credit risk of the FCM to
whom the margin is posted.
The CFTC and certain exchanges have established (and continue to evaluate and revise) limits, referred to as
“position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions that any person or entity may hold or control
in particular futures and options contracts (and certain related swap positions). Unless an exemption applies,
all positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, must be
aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even
if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that positions held by different
clients managed by the Adviser and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Therefore, the trading
decisions of the Adviser may have to be modified or positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in
order to avoid exceeding such limits. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open
positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund. A violation of position limits could
also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to the Fund’s investment strategy.
Forwards Risk.
Forward contracts are subject to some of the same risks as futures described above. However,
forwards are not traded on exchanges and are not standardized; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in
these markets negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. Trading in forward contracts is generally
unregulated. There is no limitation on the daily price movements of forward contracts. Principals in the
forward markets have no obligation to continue to make markets in the forward contracts traded. There have
been periods during which certain banks or dealers have refused to quote prices for forward contracts or have
quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and that at
which they are prepared to sell. Disruptions can occur in the forward markets because of unusually high
trading volume, political intervention or other factors. For example, the imposition of credit controls by
governmental authorities might limit forward trading, to the possible detriment of the Fund.
Swaps Risk.
The use of swaps involves investment techniques and risks that are different from those associated
with portfolio security transactions. These instruments typically are not traded on exchanges; under recently
adopted rules and regulations, however, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and
credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared
swaps”). For OTC swaps, there is a risk that the other party to certain of these instruments will not perform its
obligations to the Fund or that the Fund may be unable to enter into offsetting positions to terminate its
exposure or liquidate its position under certain of these instruments when it wishes to do so. Such occurrences
could result in losses to the Fund. For cleared swaps, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearinghouse rather than a
bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of the clearinghouses and only members of a clearinghouse
(“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearinghouse, the Fund holds cleared swaps through
accounts at clearing members. In cleared swaps, the Fund makes payments (including margin payments) to and
receives payments from a clearinghouse through its account at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee
performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearinghouse.
In some ways, cleared swap arrangements are less favorable to funds than bilateral arrangements. For example,
the Fund may be required to provide more margin for cleared swaps positions than for bilateral derivatives
positions. Also, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives position, following a period of notice to the Fund, a
clearing member generally can require termination of an existing cleared swap position at any time or an
increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a
transaction. Clearinghouses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing positions or to
terminate those positions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared
derivatives positions by the clearing member or the clearinghouse could interfere with the ability of the Fund
to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could
expose the Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member because margin for cleared swaps positions in
excess of a clearinghouse’s margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Credit risk of
market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is concentrated in a few
clearinghouses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearinghouse would be conducted and
what impact an insolvency of a clearinghouse would have on the financial system. The Fund might not be fully
protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to
recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held by the clearing member on behalf of customers for cleared
derivatives. Although a clearing member is required to segregate assets from customers with respect to cleared
derivatives positions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets, if a clearing member does not comply
with the applicable regulations, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing
member, the Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with
respect to the assets held by the clearing member.
Also, the Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that
the Adviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the
Fund’s behalf. In those cases, the position might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of
the benefit of the position, including loss of an increase in the value of the position and loss of hedging
protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and clearing members
is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives
documentation.
Additionally, some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap
execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can
execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this
execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market,
trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap
execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility
through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may be required to
indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap
execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the
Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility.
The U.S. government and the European Union have adopted mandatory minimum margin requirements for
bilateral derivatives. As a general matter, under such requirements, the Fund’s transactions are subject to
variation margin requirements and, depending on the aggregate notional value of bilateral derivatives entered
into by the Fund, initial margin requirements may apply in the near future. Such requirements could increase
the amount of margin the Fund needs to provide in connection with its derivatives transactions and, therefore,
make derivatives transactions more expensive.
These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Fund’s ability to
engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of
derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements or otherwise limiting
liquidity or increasing transaction costs. Certain aspects of these regulations are still being implemented, so
their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system is not yet known. While the regulations and central
clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the
interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges
simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above,
central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of costs and risks.
Swap agreements may be subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and termination and they may
have terms of greater than seven days. The Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily
(offset against any amounts owed to the Fund under the swap).
Subsidiary Risk.
By investing through its Subsidiaries,
the
Fund is exposed to the risks associated with the
Subsidiaries' investments. The investments that may be held by a Subsidiary are generally similar to those that are
permitted to be held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly
by the Fund. Subsidiaries are not registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act and are not subject to all
of the investor protections of the 1940 Act, although each Subsidiary is managed pursuant to the compliance
policies and procedures of the Fund applicable to it. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the jurisdiction
in which a Subsidiary is organized
could
result in the inability of the Fund and/or such Subsidiary to operate as
described in this prospectus and could adversely affect the Fund
Short Sale Risk.
Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells an asset it does not own to a third party by
paying a premium to borrow the asset in anticipation of purchasing the same asset at the market price on a later date
to close out the short position. The Fund may incur a loss if the market price of the asset underlying the short sale
increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund must replace the borrowed asset or
otherwise close out the transaction and such loss may exceed the initial investment. Under adverse market
conditions, the Fund may have difficulty purchasing an asset to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and may
have to sell portfolio assets to raise sufficient capital to fulfill its short sale obligations at a disadvantageous time.
Entering into short sales where the Fund does not own the underlying asset creates a form of investment leverage,
which can magnify the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the asset. Because the Fund may enter into short
sales with respect to assets that it does not already own, the loss to the Fund from a short sale is theoretically
unlimited, as the potential increase in the market price of the asset is unlimited. The amount of any gain will be
decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest, or expenses the
Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able
to close out a short sales position at an advantageous time or price. To the extent that the Fund enters into short
sales for hedging purposes, there can be no guarantee that the investment will be effective; any lack of correlation
between the assets used in the short position and the exposure the Fund sought to hedge could result in losses.
Small and Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk.
The Fund may gain exposure to the securities of small
capitalization companies, mid-capitalization companies, recently organized companies and derivative instruments
related to those securities. For example, the Fund may invest in equity or debt securities of companies in or related
to the alternative lending industry or may gain exposure to the borrowings of such issuers facilitated through an
alternative lending platform. Historically, such securities, and particularly securities of smaller capitalization
companies, have been more volatile in price than those of larger capitalized, more established companies. Many of
the risks that apply to small capitalization companies apply equally to mid-capitalization companies, and such
companies are included in the term “small capitalization companies” for the purposes of this risk factor. The
securities of small capitalization and recently organized companies pose greater investment risks because such
companies may have limited product lines, distribution channels and financial and managerial resources. In
particular, small capitalization companies may be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating
results; may be engaged in a rapidly changing business with products subject to substantial risk of obsolescence;
may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their
competitive position; and may have substantial borrowings or may otherwise have a weak financial condition. In
addition, these companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater
financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing, and other capabilities and a larger
number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. The equity securities of alternative lending platforms or
other issuers in this industry that are small capitalization companies are often traded over the counter or on regional
exchanges and may not be traded in the volumes typical on a national securities exchange. Consequently, the Fund
or entities in which the Fund obtains exposure may be required to dispose of such securities or remain in a short
position over a longer (and potentially less favorable) period of time than is required to dispose of or close out of a
short position with respect to the securities of larger, more established companies. Investments in equity or debt
instruments issued by small capitalization companies may also be more difficult to value than other types of
securities because of the foregoing considerations as well as, if applicable, lower trading volumes. Investments in
companies with limited or no operating histories are more speculative and entail greater risk than do investments in
companies with an established operating record.
Tax Risk.
The Fund has elected to be
treated
as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of
Chapter 1 of the
Code
and intends each year to qualify and to be eligible to be treated as such. In order to qualify
for such treatment, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income,
meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment
company taxable income for each taxable year. The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its
intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments under one or
more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future
guidance by the
Internal Revenue Service (“
IRS
”)
or a change in law might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for
such treatment.
If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code for any reason, and were not
able to cure such failure, the Fund would be treated as a “C corporation” under the Code and, as such, would be
subject to tax on its taxable
income
at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any
distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as
dividends.
Repurchase Offers Risk.
As described under “Periodic Repurchase Offers” below, the Fund is an “interval fund.”
In order to provide liquidity to shareholders, the Fund, subject to applicable law, conducts quarterly repurchase
offers of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at NAV, subject to approval of the Board. In all cases such repurchase offers
will be for at least 5% and not more than 25%, of its outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the
1940 Act. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to the Fund’s shareholders, and
repurchases generally are funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities, which are substantially illiquid.
However, repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may affect the ability of the Fund to be
fully invested or may force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may
harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may
result in untimely sales of portfolio securities (with associated imputed transaction costs, which may be significant),
and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment
objective. In compliance with its procedures, the Fund, to the extent possible, holds at least 5% of net assets in cash
or other liquid assets at all times in order to meet its repurchase obligations. The Fund may accumulate cash by
holding back (i.e., not reinvesting) payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments. The Fund believes
that payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments will generate sufficient cash to meet the
maximum potential amount of the Fund’s repurchase obligations. If at any time cash and other liquid assets held by
the Fund are not sufficient to meet the Fund’s repurchase obligations, the Fund intends, if necessary, to sell
investments. Although the Fund’s investments are illiquid and the secondary market for its investments is limited,
the Fund believes that it would be able to find willing buyers for investments if such sales were ever necessary to
supplement such cash generated by payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments. Because the
Fund employs investment leverage, repurchases of Shares compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining
market. In addition, if the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect
shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing the Fund’s expenses and reducing any net investment
income. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis,
and shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result,
shareholders may be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular
repurchase offer. Some shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have
repurchased in a particular quarter, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. A shareholder may be
subject to market and other risks, and the NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may decline between the
Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered Shares is determined. In addition, the
repurchase of Shares by the Fund may be a taxable event to shareholders.
Portfolio Turnover.
A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” If the Fund
realizes profits or gains when it sells investments, it generally must pay those profits or gains to shareholders,
increasing its taxable distributions, which generally are taxable as ordinary income to shareholders. Increased
portfolio turnover may also result in higher brokerage fees or other transaction costs, which can reduce the Fund’s
performance. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or
sell securities.
Temporary Defensive and Interim Investments.
For temporary defensive purposes in times of adverse or
unstable market, economic or political conditions, the Fund can invest up to 100% of its assets in investments that
may be inconsistent with its principal investment strategies. Generally, the Fund would invest in money market
instruments or in other short-term U.S. or non-U.S. government securities. The Fund might also hold these types of
securities as interim investments pending the investment of proceeds from the sale of its Shares or the sale of its
portfolio securities or to meet anticipated repurchases of its Shares. To the extent the Fund invests in these
securities, it might not achieve its investment
objective
.
Anti-Takeover Provisions.
The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, together with any amendments thereto,
includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert
the Fund to open-end status.
                   
Effects of Leverage [Text Block]
Effects of Leverage.
Assuming that senior securities represent approximately
36.66
% of the Fund’s total assets
(including the amounts of such senior securities) and that the Fund bears expenses relating to such senior securities
at an annual effective interest rate of
5.66
% (based on interest rates for such senior securities as of a recent date),
the annual return that the Fund’s portfolio must experience (net of expenses) in order to cover the costs of such
senior securities would be approximately
1.26
%. These figures are merely estimates based on current market
conditions, used for illustration purposes only. Actual expenses associated with senior securities used by the Fund
may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate used for the example above.
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the Commission. It is designed to illustrate the
effects of the Fund’s leverage due to senior securities on corresponding Share total return, assuming investment
portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
-10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not
necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further
assumes that the Fund’s senior securities represent approximately
36.66
% of the Fund’s total assets (including such
senior securities) and an annual rate of interest of
5.66
% (as discussed above). Your actual returns may be greater or
less than those appearing below.
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
(10.00)%
(5.00)%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
Corresponding Share Total Return
(14.93
)%
(8.09)%
(1.26)%
5.57%
12.41%
Corresponding Share total
return
is made up of two elements—the Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of
which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying interest expenses on the Fund’s
senior securities) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns.
The Fund currently uses leverage (whether
through
the use of senior securities or otherwise) to achieve its
investment objective, as a liquidity source to fund repurchases or for temporary and extraordinary purposes and
may consider other potential uses in the future. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which
leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including Stone Ridge’s assessment of the yield curve
environment, interest rate trends, market conditions, and other factors.
                   
Effects of Leverage [Table Text Block]
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
(10.00)%
(5.00)%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
Corresponding Share Total Return
(14.93
)%
(8.09)%
(1.26)%
5.57%
12.41%
                   
Return at Minus Ten [Percent] (14.93%)                    
Return at Minus Five [Percent] (8.09%)                    
Return at Zero [Percent] (1.26%)                    
Return at Plus Five [Percent] 5.57%                    
Return at Plus Ten [Percent] 12.41%                    
Effects of Leverage, Purpose [Text Block]
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the Commission. It is designed to illustrate the
effects of the Fund’s leverage due to senior securities on corresponding Share total return, assuming investment
portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
-10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not
necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further
assumes that the Fund’s senior securities represent approximately
36.66
% of the Fund’s total assets (including such
senior securities) and an annual rate of interest of
5.66
% (as discussed above). Your actual returns may be greater or
less than those appearing below.
                   
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]                      
Capital Stock [Table Text Block]
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUND
The Fund is an investment portfolio of Stone Ridge Trust V (the “Trust”), a statutory trust established under the
laws of State of Delaware by the Certificate of Trust dated November 4, 2015. The Trust’s Agreement and
Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of common Shares
of beneficial interest, par value, unless the Trustees shall otherwise determine, $0.001 per share. All Shares have
equal rights to the payment of dividends and other distributions and the distribution of assets upon liquidation.
Shares are, when issued, fully paid and non-assessable by the Fund and have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or
rights to cumulative voting.
Shareholders are entitled to share equally in dividends declared by the Board payable to holders of Shares and in
the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to holders of Shares upon liquidation after payment of the
preferential amounts payable to holders of any outstanding preferred shares.
The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of Fund property for all loss and expense of any
shareholder or former shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund solely by reason of such
person’s status as a shareholder or former shareholder. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on
account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund would be unable to meet its
obligations.
Shareholders have no pre-emptive or conversion rights. Upon liquidation of the Fund, after paying or adequately
providing for the payment of all liabilities of the Fund, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding
agreements as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the remaining assets of the Fund
among the holders of the Shares.
The Board may classify or reclassify any issued or unissued Shares of the Fund into shares of any class by
redesignating such Shares or by setting or changing in any one or more respects, from time to time, the preferences,
conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications or terms or
conditions of repurchase of such Shares. Any such classification or reclassification will comply with the provisions
of the Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act.
As of May 31,
2026
, the following amount of Shares of the Fund was authorized for registration and outstanding:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Title of Class
Amount Authorized
Amount Held by the
Fund for its Account
Amount Outstanding
Exclusive of Amount
Shown Under (3)
Common Shares of
Beneficial Interest
Unlimited
0
28,880,580
Anti-Takeover Provisions.
The Declaration of Trust includes provisions that could have the effect of limiting the
ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Trust or to change the composition of the Board by
discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Trust. These provisions may have the effect of
discouraging attempts to acquire control of the Trust, which attempts could have the effect of increasing the
expenses of the Fund and interfering with the normal operation of the Fund. The Trustees are elected for indefinite
terms and do not stand for reelection. A Trustee may be removed from office without cause only by a written
instrument signed or adopted by a majority of the remaining Trustees or by a vote of the holders of at least
two-thirds of the class of Shares of the Trust that are entitled to elect a Trustee and that are entitled to vote on the
matter. The Declaration of Trust does not contain any other specific inhibiting provisions that would operate only
with respect to an extraordinary transaction such as a merger, reorganization, tender offer, sale or transfer of
substantially all of the Fund’s assets or
liquidation
. Reference should be made to the Declaration of Trust on file
with the Commission for the full text of these provisions.
                   
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block]
As of May 31,
2026
, the following amount of Shares of the Fund was authorized for registration and outstanding:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Title of Class
Amount Authorized
Amount Held by the
Fund for its Account
Amount Outstanding
Exclusive of Amount
Shown Under (3)
Common Shares of
Beneficial Interest
Unlimited
0
28,880,580
                   
Default Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Default Risk.
The value of the Fund’s investments in whole loans and other alternative lending-related securities,
such as shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing an interest in and the right to receive principal and
interest payments due on whole loans or fractions of whole loans, is dependent on the borrowers’ continued and
timely payments. The Fund receives payments on such investments only if the party servicing the loans receives the
borrowers’ payments on the corresponding or underlying loans and passes such payments through to the Fund. If a
borrower fails to make interest payments or repay principal when due on a loan in which the Fund has investment
exposure, or if the value of such a loan decreases, the value of the Fund’s investments will be adversely affected.
There can be no assurance that payments due on underlying loans will be made.
If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund may be greatly limited in its
ability to recover any outstanding principal or interest due, as (among other reasons) the Fund may not have direct
recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its rights under the loan,
whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated or sourced, the loan may be
unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable to commence a legal proceeding against the
defaulting borrower. If the Fund were unable to recover unpaid principal or interest due, this would cause the
Fund’s NAV to decrease. As described further under “—Risk of Unsecured Loans,” the Fund generally will not be
able to offset losses on defaulting loans by looking to collateral or obligations of guarantors, insurers or
governmental authorities, as many of the loans to which the Fund has exposure are obligations not secured by
collateral or (except for certain loans to businesses) backed by any guarantee. In certain cases, after the loan has
matured, the servicing party may have no obligation to make late payments to investors in such loan and, to the
extent that the servicing party receives any funds from defaulting borrowers, the servicing party may retain those
funds to cover attorneys’ fees, collection fees or other costs incurred in pursuing collection, which will diminish or
eliminate the amount that the servicing party would otherwise pass on to the investor.
Borrowings obtained through alternative lending platforms may not limit borrowers from incurring additional debt.
If a borrower incurs additional debt obligations after obtaining a loan, the borrower’s creditworthiness may
diminish, and any additional obligations could cause the borrower to experience financial distress, insolvency or
bankruptcy, all of which would impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan underlying the Fund’s investment.
Under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund may be reclaimed in a bankruptcy proceeding if any such
payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance or a preferential payment, which
will result in losses to the Fund. If the additional debt obligation of the borrower is secured by collateral and the
loan to which the Fund is exposed is unsecured, the borrower may be motivated to repay the secured loan before
meeting its obligations under the unsecured loan.
Furthermore, the ability of secured creditors to pursue remedies against the collateral of the borrower may impair
the borrower’s ability to repay its unsecured loan, or it may impair the platform’s or servicer’s ability to collect on
the loan upon default. The loans in which the Fund invests generally do not include any cross-default provisions.
Cross-default provisions render a default on one outstanding debt obligation an automatic default on another debt
obligation of the borrower, which permits creditors to react more quickly to take steps to protect their interests. In
contrast, the loans in which the Fund invests typically will be placed in default or referred to collection only if there
are independent defaults on such loans, irrespective of whether the borrower has defaulted on a different debt
obligation. Not only will the Fund not benefit from such protective provisions, the Fund also generally will not be
made aware of any additional debt incurred by a borrower or whether such debt is secured or unsecured.
Default rates on loans may be adversely affected by a number of factors outside the Fund’s control, such as
economic downturns or general economic or political conditions, including prevailing interest rates, the rate of
unemployment, the level of consumer confidence, residential real estate values, the value of various currencies,
energy or gasoline prices, changes in consumer spending, the number of bankruptcies, insolvencies, disruptions in
the credit markets, the borrower’s circumstances, the stigma of bankruptcy, decreases in the value of the underlying
collateral of any secured loans and other factors. For example, see “—Risks Relating to Collateral or
Guarantees.”  In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and other infectious illness outbreaks may in the
future impact, loan repayment and default rates. See “—Epidemic and Pandemic Risk.”
The default history for alternative lending borrowing arrangements is limited. Future defaults may be higher than
historical defaults and the timing of defaults may vary significantly from historical observations. As described
further under “—Credit/Counterparty Risk,” the credit profile and interest rates available to certain borrowers who
seek credit through alternative lending platforms may result in a higher rate of default for alternative lending-related
securities as compared with the debt instruments associated with more traditional lending models, such as banks,
although pursuant to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions, the Fund may not invest in loans that are of
subprime quality at the time of investment. If the impact of defaults on loans to which the Fund has exposure
exceeds the profits on non-defaulting loans, the Fund will be unable to achieve its investment objective.
The Fund’s investments in equity securities issued by alternative lending platforms themselves (or their affiliates) or
REITs are also subject to the risk of loss. If a platform or other issuer defaults on its outstanding obligations, the
Fund’s equity interest in such issuer may be diminished or extinguished and the Fund can expect to realize on any
such investments only to the extent that the issuer’s creditors are made whole and the issuer still has residual profits
that would benefit equity holders.
                   
Loan Modification Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Loan Modification Risk.
At any time, and particularly during economic downturns or periods of market volatility,
the terms of any loan to which the Fund gains exposure, including the interest rate, timing of payments or the
overall amount to be repaid, may be modified in the discretion of the loan servicer or by operation of federal, state
or local law or regulation in order to provide relief to borrowers experiencing financial hardship. Any such loan
modification or forbearance may result in less favorable terms for the Fund and could adversely affect Fund
performance by, among other things, postponing the receipt of payments by the Fund or reducing the overall
amount to be repaid by the borrower. The servicing entity typically will make all decisions regarding any
modification, forbearance or other form of relief that may be provided to a borrower, and the Fund will typically
have no ability to set the terms of any loan modification or forbearance or to influence the decision of the servicing
entity.
                   
Risk of Unsecured Loans [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Risk of Unsecured Loans.
Many of the Fund’s alternative lending are associated with loans that are unsecured
obligations of borrowers. This means that they are not secured by any collateral, not insured by any third party, not
backed by any governmental authority in any way and, except in the case of certain loans to businesses, not
guaranteed by any third party. When a borrower defaults on an unsecured loan, the holder’s only recourse is
generally to accelerate the loan and enter into litigation to recover the outstanding principal and interest. There is no
assurance that such litigation would result in full repayment of the loan and the costs of such measures may
frequently exceed the outstanding unpaid amount of the borrowing. The Fund generally will need to rely on the
efforts of the platforms, servicers or their designated collection agencies to collect on defaulted loans and there is no
guarantee that such parties will be successful in their efforts to collect on loans. The Fund typically does not know
the identity of borrowers and contracts with the platforms or third-party loan servicers to service the loans and,
therefore, does not expect to (and in many cases will have no way to) pursue borrowers that fail to repay principal
or interest. In addition, the Fund’s investments in shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing an
interest in a special purpose entity organized by an alternative lending platform and the right to receive principal
and interest payments due on whole loans or fractions of whole loans owned by such entity are typically unsecured
obligations of the issuer. As a result, the Fund generally may not look to the underlying loans to satisfy delinquent
payments on such interests, even though payments on such interests depend entirely on payments by underlying
borrowers on their loans.
                   
Risks Relating to Collateral or Guarantees [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Risks Relating to Collateral
or
Guarantees.
Even if a loan to which the Fund is exposed is secured, there can be
no assurance that the collateral will, if or when recovered and liquidated, generate sufficient (or any) funds to offset
any losses associated with a defaulting loan. In some cases, borrowers of secured loans may be required to provide
more collateral (or margin) when the value of the collateral falls below the loan’s margin requirements. In such
cases, the platform or loan servicer will issue a margin call requiring the borrower to deposit additional cash or
acceptable collateral. If the borrower fails to meet the margin call within the allotted time or, in the case of a
secured loan that provides that the loan servicer may liquidate a portion of the collateral on deposit to cover the
outstanding principal on the loan if the value of the collateral declines beyond a specified threshold, the platform or
loan servicer may close out all or a portion of the borrower’s loan by liquidating all or a portion of the collateral on
deposit. If the platform or loan servicer is unable to liquidate the collateral (timely or at all) or is forced to liquidate
the collateral at a disadvantageous time or price or if the value of the proceeds from the liquidation of the collateral
are less than the amounts owed under the secured loans, the value of the loan will be adversely affected. In
purchasing secured loans, the Fund is not limited to any particular form of collateral and platforms may accept
forms of collateral such as equity securities, shares of exchange-traded funds or bitcoin that may fluctuate
substantially in value due to market conditions, which could adversely affect the value of the collateral, and, in turn,
result in losses to the Fund. In addition, loans purchased through platforms that accept a single type of collateral for
all loans could experience losses simultaneously. As described further under “ – Platform Risk,” the Fund is also
subject to the risk that a platform or loan servicer will fail to sufficiently value collateral, issue margin calls, close
out a loan by liquidating all or a portion of a borrower’s collateral or otherwise administer a loan’s margin
requirements timely or at all, in which case a loan to which the Fund has exposure may be adversely impacted.
It is possible that the same collateral could secure multiple loans, in which case the liquidation proceeds of the
collateral may be insufficient to cover the payments due on all the loans secured by that collateral. There can be no
guarantee that the collateral can be liquidated at the value the Fund believes the collateral is worth or at all, and any
costs associated with such liquidation could reduce or eliminate the amount of funds otherwise available to offset
the payments due under the loan. As described further under “—Default Risk” and “—Risk of Unsecured Loans,”
the Fund generally will need to rely on the efforts of the platforms, servicers or their designated collection agencies
to collect on defaulted loans and there is no guarantee that such parties will be successful in their efforts to collect.
To the extent that the loan obligations in which the Fund invests are guaranteed by a third party, there can be no
assurance that the guarantor will perform its payment obligations should the underlying borrower default on its
payments. As described under “—Default Risk,” the Fund could suffer delays or limitations on its ability to realize
the benefits of the collateral to the extent the borrower becomes bankrupt or insolvent. Moreover, the Fund’s
security interests may be unperfected for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make a required filing by the
servicer and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as it expected.
                   
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Epidemic and Pandemic Risk.
The impact of COVID-19, and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in
the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations or the entire global economy, individual issuers
and capital markets in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen. In addition, the impact of infectious illnesses in
emerging market countries may be greater due to generally less established healthcare systems. Public health crises
caused by the COVID-19 outbreak and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in the future may
exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. Such impacts
present material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Fund’s investment performance and financial results. The
impact of COVID-19 or any future public health crisis may also heighten the other risks disclosed in this
prospectus.
For example, during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the share of loans in the Fund’s portfolio that were
placed in forbearance or otherwise modified increased substantially, which reduced, and may in the future reduce
again, the principal and interest payments received by the Fund each month. Loans placed in forbearance or
otherwise modified may default at higher rates than they otherwise would have in the absence of the COVID-19
pandemic, which could adversely affect the Fund’s performance and your investment in the Fund. In addition, the
alternative lending platforms to which the Fund has exposure substantially reduced the number of loans they
originated each month in response to the early waves of the COVID-19 crisis. If this decrease in originations
resumes, the Fund could face additional competition for access to platforms and alternative lending-related
securities, and could be prevented from deploying capital in a timely or efficient manner. As discussed further under
“Competition, Ramp-up and Exposure Risks” below, this could force the Fund to invest in cash, cash equivalents or
other assets that may result in lower returns than may otherwise be available through investments in alternative
lending-related securities. Furthermore, as discussed in more detail under “Platform Risk,” the Fund relies on
alternative lending platforms to, among other things, originate or source alternative lending-related securities and to
service loans to which the Fund has exposure. The disruption to the platforms’ businesses caused by the COVID-19
pandemic or any future public health crisis could limit or eliminate the ability of the Fund to invest in loans
originated or sourced by one or more platforms or inhibit a platform’s ability to service loans to which the Fund has
exposure, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund and its performance. The impact of COVID-19 or any
future public health crisis may also heighten the other risks disclosed in this prospectus.
                   
Asset-Backed Securities Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Asset-Backed Securities Risk.
The Fund’s
investments
in pass-through certificates, securitization vehicles or other
special purpose entities that hold alternative lending-related securities (collectively, “asset-backed securities”) may
involve risks that differ from or are greater than risks associated with other types of investments. For example, such
asset-backed securities may be more sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates than other securities.
The rate
of prepayments on underlying assets will also affect the price and volatility of an asset-backed security,
may have
the effect of shortening
or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the
time of purchase
and may lower
its
return. The asset-backed securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to
risks associated with their structure
,
with
the nature of the underlying assets and
with
the servicing of those assets;
for this reason, many of the other risks described herein are relevant to the asset-backed securities to which the
Fund has exposure. There is risk that the underlying debt securities will default and that recovery on repossessed
collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments on the underlying investments. Payment of
interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities, as well as the return associated with an equity
investment in an asset-backed security, is largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the underlying loans
or other assets backing the securities. For example, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and other
infectious illness outbreaks may in the future impact, loan repayment and default rates. See “Epidemic and
Pandemic Risk.” The risks and returns for investors like the Fund in asset-backed securities depend on the tranche
in which the investor holds an interest. The debt tranche(s) are entitled to receive payment before the equity if the
cash flow generated by the underlying assets is insufficient to allow the vehicle to make payments on all of the
tranches. The debt tranche(s), therefore, may receive higher credit ratings (if rated) and the equity tranche may be
considered more speculative. Many asset-backed securities in which the Fund invests may be difficult to value and
may be deemed illiquid. Asset-backed securities may have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes
in the value of the underlying assets and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the
Fund may have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned the
underlying asset directly.
For example, any mishandling of related documentation by a servicer may also affect the
rights of the security holder in and to the underlying collateral.
The value of an investment in the Fund may be
more volatile and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to asset-backed
securities. In the event that the market for asset-backed securities experiences high volatility and a lack of liquidity,
the value of many asset-backed securities may decline.
In addition, when investing in asset-backed securities, the
Fund will indirectly bear additional fees and expenses, such as trustee or administrator fees, that it would not bear if
it invested directly in the assets underlying the asset-backed
securities
, which may cause the Fund’s performance to
be lower than if it had invested directly in such underlying assets.
                   
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Mortgage-Backed Securities Risk.
The Fund’s investments in securitization vehicles or other special purpose
entities that hold mortgages or mortgage-backed securities may involve risks that differ from or are greater than
risks associated with other types of investments. For example, such mortgage-backed securities may be more
sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates than other securities. The rate of pre-payments on underlying
mortgages will affect the price and volatility of a mortgage-backed security, and may have the effect of shortening
or extending the effective duration of the security relative to what was anticipated at the time of purchase. For
example, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and other infectious illness outbreaks may in the future
impact, the rate of loan modification, forbearance and other forms of relief that may extend the effective duration of
a mortgage-backed security. See “—Epidemic and Pandemic Risk.”
Generally, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of fixed rate mortgage-related assets, making them more
sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the Fund may exhibit additional
volatility since individual mortgage holders are less likely to exercise prepayment options, thereby putting
additional downward pressure on the value of these securities and potentially causing the Fund to lose money. This
is known as extension risk. Mortgage-backed securities can be highly sensitive to rising interest rates, such that
even small movements can cause the Fund to lose value. Mortgage-backed securities, and in particular those not
backed by a government guarantee, are subject to credit risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off
their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns of the Fund because the Fund may have to
reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates.
The mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to risks associated with their structure
and the nature of the underlying mortgages and the servicing of those mortgages; for this reason, many of the other
risks described herein are relevant to the mortgage-backed securities to which the Fund has exposure. There is risk
that the underlying debt securities will default. In the event of default, the holder of a mortgage-backed security
may not have a security interest in the underlying collateral, and even if such a security interest exists, the recovery
on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments on the underlying investments.
During periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of rising unemployment,
delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving
mortgage loans. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on mortgage-backed securities, as well as the return
associated with an equity investment in a mortgage-backed security, is largely dependent upon the cash flows
generated by the underlying mortgages backing the securities. The risks and returns for investors like the Fund in
mortgage-backed securities depend on the tranche in which the investor holds an interest. The debt tranche(s) are
entitled to receive payment before the equity if the cash flow generated by the underlying mortgages is insufficient
to allow the vehicle to make payments on all of the tranches. The debt tranche(s), therefore, may receive higher
credit ratings (if rated) and the equity tranche may be considered more speculative. Many mortgage-backed
securities in which the Fund invests may be difficult to value and may be deemed illiquid. Mortgage-backed
securities may have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the underlying
mortgages and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the Fund may have the
potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned the underlying
mortgages directly. The value of an investment in the Fund may be more volatile and other risks tend to be
compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to mortgage-backed securities. In the event that the
market for mortgage-backed securities experiences high volatility and a lack of liquidity, the value of many
mortgage-backed securities may decline. Any mishandling
of
related documentation by a servicer may also affect
the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral.
                   
Real Property Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Real Property Risk.
The Fund may gain exposure to loans collateralized or secured by, or relating to, real property,
or it may invest in equity or debt securities issued by REITs. The value of an investment in REIT securities or of the
real property underlying a loan will be subject to the risks generally incident to the ownership of improved and
unimproved real estate. Factors affecting real estate values include the supply of real property in particular markets,
overbuilding, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, delays in completion of construction,
changes in operations costs and property taxes, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses,
possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent, fluctuations in rental income, increased
competition, and other risks related to local and regional market conditions. The value of these investments also
may be affected by changes in interest rates, macroeconomic developments, and social and economic trends. For
instance, during periods of declining interest rates, mortgagors may elect to prepay, which prepayment may
diminish the yield on mortgage-backed securities.
Some borrowers may intend to use resale proceeds to repay their loans. A decline in property values could result in
a loan that is greater than the property value, which could increase the likelihood of borrower default.
The payment schedules with respect to many real estate-related loans are based on projected revenues generated by
the property over the term of the loan. These projections are based on factors such as expected vacancy rates,
expense rates and other projected income and expense figures relating to the property. The actual revenues
generated by a property could fall short of projections, due to factors such as lower-than-expected rental revenues,
or greater-than-expected vacancy rates or property management expenses. In such cases, a borrower may be unable
to repay a loan. To the extent the Fund has exposure to construction or rehabilitation/renovation loans, it may be
adversely impacted by, among other things, risks involving the timeliness of the project’s completion, the integrity
of appraisal values, whether or not the completed property can be sold for the amount anticipated and the length of
the construction and/or sale process.
A borrower’s ability to repay a loan relating to real property or the value of securities issued by a REIT that holds
real property might also be adversely affected if toxic environmental contamination were to be discovered to exist
on the property. Environmental contamination may give rise to a diminution in value of the underlying property or
may lead to liability for clean-up costs or other remedial actions. A platform or third-party servicer could be forced
to take on potential additional liabilities and responsibilities in the event of foreclosure. A platform may choose not
to foreclose on a contaminated property as the potential liability could exceed the value of the real property or the
principal balance of the related loan. The failure to perform the required remedial actions could, in some
jurisdictions, give rise to a lien on mortgaged property to ensure the reimbursement of remedial costs, which could
decrease the value of the property that serves as collateral.
The state of law is currently unclear as to whether and under what circumstances clean-up costs, or the obligation to
take remedial actions, can be imposed on a secured lender (which may, under certain circumstances, include an
alternative lending platform or the Fund). If the Fund or a platform does become liable for cleanup costs, it may
bring an action for contribution against the current owners or operators, the owners or operators at the time of
on-site disposal activity or any other party who contributed to the environmental hazard, but these persons or
entities may be bankrupt or otherwise judgment-proof. Furthermore, an action against the borrower may be
adversely affected by the limitations on recourse in the loan documents.
                   
REIT Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
REIT Risk.
In general, the
value
of a REIT’s shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry.
See “—Real Property Risk” above. REITs are also subject to the risk of fluctuations in income from underlying
assets, poor performance by the REIT’s manager, the manager’s inability to manage cash flows generated by the
REIT’s assets, adverse local or general economic conditions, possible lack of availability of financing, changes in
interest rates, self-liquidation, adverse economic conditions, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard to
certain REITs, the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code and/or to maintain
exempt status under the 1940 Act. If a REIT were ineligible for the favorable tax treatment afforded to REITs under
the Code, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, thus reducing its value. REITs also depend upon
specialized management skills, may have limited financial resources and may have limited diversification because
they invest in a limited number of properties or mortgages, a narrow geographic area or a single type of property or
mortgage. Also, the organizational documents of a REIT may contain provisions that make changes in control of the
REIT difficult and time-consuming. Finally, the equity securities of private REITs are not traded on national
securities exchanges, and are therefore generally illiquid.
In addition, different types of REITs have different risk profiles. The value of securities issued by equity REITs,
which own properties that are leased to tenants and derive income from the collection of rents, may be affected by
changes in the value of the underlying real property, fluctuations in the demand for real estate, defaults by tenants,
and decreases in market rates for rent. The value of securities issued by mortgage REITs, which invest the majority
of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments, may be affected
by the quality of credit extended, prepayments and defaults by borrowers, and changes in market interest rates, and
may be more susceptible to interest rate risk (see “—Interest Rate Risk” below) than equity REITs. Hybrid REITs
invest in a combination of real property and real property mortgages, and are subject to the risks associated with
both equity REITs and mortgage REITs to varying degrees depending on the relative weights of their investment in
each category.
By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, an investor will bear not only his or her proportionate share of
the expenses of the Fund, but also, indirectly, similar expenses of REITs. In addition, REITs depend generally on
their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to investors.
                   
Credit/Counterparty Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Credit/Counterparty Risk.
The value of a debt security depends on the issuer’s credit quality or ability to pay
principal and interest when due. The securities in which the Fund may invest may have varying degrees of credit
risk and, subject to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions, which, among other things, prohibit the Fund from
investing in loans of subprime quality, the Fund is not restricted by any borrower credit criteria or credit risk
limitation. The value of a debt security is likely to fall if an issuer or the guarantor of a security is unable or
unwilling (or perceived to be unable or unwilling) to make timely principal and/or interest payments or otherwise to
honor its obligations or if the debt security’s rating is downgraded. The obligations of issuers are subject to
bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors. The value of a debt security
can also decline in response to other changes in market, economic, industry, political and regulatory conditions that
affect a particular type of debt security or issuer or debt securities generally, such as conditions in the alternative
lending market or a decrease in the value of collateral, if any. The values of many debt securities may fall in
response to a general increase in investor risk aversion or a decline in the confidence of investors generally in the
ability of issuers to meet their obligations.
Unlike other debt instruments that are rated by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, the alternative
lending-related securities in which the Fund invests are typically unrated or rated only by the platform. Issuers may
evaluate prospective borrowers by looking to a number of factors, including the borrower’s credit history and/or
credit score as reported by one or more third-party credit reporting agencies. The Fund relies on the borrower’s
credit information, which is provided by the platforms. However, as described under “—Default Risk,” such
information may be out of date, incomplete or inaccurate and may, therefore, not accurately reflect the borrower’s
actual creditworthiness. Although the Fund may not invest in loans of subprime quality, certain borrowers may have
had credit difficulties in the past. Platforms may not have an obligation to update borrower information, and,
therefore, the Fund may not be aware of any impairment in a borrower’s creditworthiness subsequent to the making
of a particular loan.
Not all platforms from which the Fund purchases alternative lending-related securities check borrowers’ credit
scores; for those that do, although the Fund conducts diligence on the credit scoring methodology used by such
platforms, the Fund typically does not have access to all of the data that platforms utilize to assign credit scores to
particular loans purchased by the Fund, and will not independently diligence or confirm the truthfulness of such
information or otherwise evaluate the basis for the platform’s credit score of those loans. As a result, the Fund may
make investments based on outdated, inaccurate or incomplete information. In addition, the platforms’ credit
decisions and scoring models are based on algorithms that could potentially contain programming or other errors or
prove to be ineffective or otherwise flawed. This could adversely affect pricing data and approval processes and
could cause loans to be mispriced or
misclassified
, which could ultimately have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance.
                   
Platform Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Platform Risk.
As discussed in more detail in “—Default Risk” and “—Risk of Unsecured Loans,” the Fund
receives payments on whole loans or securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due
on loans only if the platform servicing the loans receives the borrower’s payments on such loans and passes such
payments through to the Fund. If a borrower is unable or fails to make payments on a loan for any reason, the Fund
may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding payments due, as (among other reasons) the Fund
may not have direct recourse against the borrower or may otherwise be limited in its ability to directly enforce its
rights under the loan, whether through the borrower or the platform through which such loan was originated or
sourced, the loan may be unsecured or under-collateralized and/or it may be impracticable or undesirable to
commence a legal proceeding against the defaulting borrower.
The Fund may have limited knowledge about the underlying loans and is dependent upon the platform for
information regarding such underlying loans. Although the Fund conducts diligence on the platforms, the Fund
generally does not have the ability to independently verify the information provided by the platforms, other than
payment information regarding loans and other alternative lending-related securities owned by the Fund, which the
Fund observes directly as payments are received. Some investors, including the Fund, may not review the particular
characteristics of the loans in which they invest at the time of investment, but rather negotiate in advance with
platforms the general criteria of the investments, as described above. As a result, the Fund is dependent on the
platforms’ ability to collect, verify and provide information to the Fund about each loan and borrower.
The Fund relies on the borrower’s credit information, which is provided by the platforms. However, as described
under “—Default Risk,” such information may be out of date, incomplete or inaccurate and may, therefore, not
accurately reflect the borrower’s actual creditworthiness. Platforms may not have an obligation to update borrower
information, and, therefore, the Fund may not be aware of any impairment in a borrower’s creditworthiness
subsequent to the making of a particular loan. Although the Fund conducts diligence on the credit scoring
methodology used by platforms from which the Fund purchases alternative lending-related securities, the Fund
typically does not have access to all of the data that platforms utilize to assign credit scores to particular loans
purchased by the Fund, and does not independently diligence or confirm the truthfulness of such information or
otherwise evaluate the basis for the platform’s credit score of those loans. As a result, the Fund may make
investments based on outdated, inaccurate or incomplete information. In addition, the platforms’ credit decisions
and scoring models are based on algorithms that could potentially contain programming or other errors or prove to
be ineffective or otherwise flawed. This could adversely affect loan pricing data and approval processes and could
cause loans to be mispriced or misclassified, which could ultimately have a negative impact on the Fund’s
performance.
In certain circumstances, the Fund may be dependent on a platform or loan servicer to value collateral, issue margin
calls, close out a loan by liquidating all or a portion of a borrower’s collateral or otherwise administer a loan’s
margin requirements. The Fund is subject to the risk that a platform or loan servicer will fail to sufficiently provide
such services, in which case a loan to which the Fund has exposure may be adversely impacted. The Fund is also
subject to the risk that a platform or loan servicer incorrectly prices collateral, due to factors such as incomplete
data, market instability or human error, which may result in the platform or loan servicer being unable to administer
a loan’s margin requirements or in the Fund otherwise being undercollateralized. These risks may be heightened in
the case of certain forms of collateral, such as digital assets like bitcoin or equity securities issued by operating
companies or by exchange-traded funds.
In addition, the underlying loans, in some cases, may be affected by the success of the platforms through which
they are facilitated. Therefore, disruptions in the businesses of such platforms may also negatively impact the value
of the Fund’s investments. Disruption in the business of a platform (such as the disruption caused by the COVID-19
pandemic or by the shut-down of certain regional banks in March 2023) could limit or eliminate the ability of the
Fund to invest in loans originated or sourced by that platform. During the height of the COVID-19 crisis, the
alternative lending platforms to which the Fund is exposed substantially reduced the number of loans they
originated each month. If a decrease in originations (or a similar decrease caused by a future public health or other
crisis) resumes, the Fund could face additional competition for access to platforms and alternative lending-related
securities, and could be prevented from deploying capital in a timely or efficient manner. This could force the Fund
to invest more of its assets in one or more of its other investment strategies, which may result in decreased
diversification of the Fund’s investment returns and/or other lower returns than may otherwise be available through
investments in alternative lending-related securities. The Fund may also invest in public or private equity securities
of alternative lending platforms or enter into other financial transactions, including derivative transactions, to gain
exposure to such investments. The performance of equity instruments issued by a platform or derivatives thereon
depends on the success of the platform’s business and operations. As described above, the Fund may also invest in
shares, certificates, notes or other securities representing the right to receive principal and interest payments due on
fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans.
Platforms are for-profit businesses that, as a general matter, generate revenue by collecting fees on funded loans
from borrowers and by assessing a loan servicing fee on investors, which may be a fixed annual amount or a
percentage of the loan or amounts collected. This business could be disrupted in multiple ways; for example, a
platform could file for bankruptcy or a platform might suffer reputational harm from negative publicity about the
platform or alternative lending more generally and the loss of investor confidence in the event that a loan facilitated
through the platform is not repaid and the investor loses money on its investment. Many platforms and/or their
affiliates have incurred operating losses since their inception and may continue to incur net losses in the future,
particularly as their businesses grow and they incur additional operating expenses.
The Fund’s investments could be adversely impacted if a platform that services the Fund’s investments becomes
unable or unwilling to fulfill its obligations to do so. In order to mitigate this risk, the Fund would seek to rely on a
backup servicer provided through the platform or through an unaffiliated backup servicer. To the extent that it is not
possible to collect on defaulted loans, or to the extent borrowers prepay loans, a platform that services loans may no
longer be able to collect a servicing fee, which would negatively impact its business operations. These or other
similar negative events could adversely affect the platforms’ businesses and/or investor participation in a platform’s
marketplace and, in turn, the business of the platforms, which creates a risk of loss for the Fund’s investments in
securities issued by a platform or derivatives thereon.
Platforms may have a higher risk profile than companies engaged in lines of business with a longer, more
established operating history and such investments should be viewed as longer-term investments. Alternative
lending is relatively new and alternative lending platforms have relatively limited operating histories. They have
met with and will continue to meet with challenges, including navigating evolving regulatory and competitive
environments; increasing the number of borrowers and investors utilizing their marketplace; increasing the volume
of loans facilitated through their marketplace and transaction fees received for matching borrowers and investors
through their marketplace; entering into new markets and introducing new loan products; continuing to revise the
marketplace’s proprietary credit decisions and scoring models; continuing to develop, maintain and scale their
platforms; effectively maintaining and scaling financial and risk management controls and procedures; maintaining
the security of the platform and the confidentiality of the information provided and utilized across the platform; and
attracting, integrating and retaining an appropriate number of qualified employees. A platform may enter into
various business transactions, including mergers or acquisitions, that could require significant managerial attention,
disrupt business and adversely affect its financial results. Platforms are subject to risk of litigation and any such
litigation may be costly to defend and distracting to management. If platforms are not successful in addressing these
issues, the platforms’ businesses and their results of operations may be harmed, which may reduce the possible
available investments for the Fund or negatively impact the value of the Fund’s investments in platforms or in
alternative lending-related securities more generally. Platforms that originate loans secured with non-traditional
forms of collateral (e.g., digital assets like bitcoin or equity securities issued by operating companies or by
exchange-traded funds) may have a higher risk profile than platforms that originate loans secured with traditional
forms of collateral.
Certain platforms may work with banks in order to originate loans to borrowers and may rely on such banks to
satisfy certain legal and/or regulatory requirements. If an originating bank suspended, limited or ceased its
operations, if the bank’s relationship with the platform were terminated for any reason or if the bank’s ability or
willingness to continue to serve this function on the current or equivalent terms were in any way curtailed, the
impacted platform would need to negotiate and implement a substantially similar arrangement with another bank,
satisfy any regulatory or licensing requirements with respect to the new bank or seek other solutions. There can be
no assurances that the platform in this type of situation would not be forced to curtail or suspend its operations.
Platforms may have limited or no prior experience with transitioning loan originations to a new funding bank and
the process may result in delays in the issuance of loans, a platform’s inability to facilitate loans or other
unforeseeable consequences. If a platform is unable to enter in an alternative arrangement with a different funding
bank, the platform would need to obtain its own license in order to enable it to originate loans, as well as comply
with other laws, which would be costly and time-consuming. In the U.S., this would entail, at minimum, obtaining a
license in each state in which the platform operates. Platforms operating in other jurisdictions would be subject to
the regulatory requirements of those jurisdictions, which may be burdensome and costly. If a platform is
unsuccessful in maintaining its relationships with the funding banks, its ability to provide loan products could be
materially impaired and its operating results would suffer. The Fund relies on the continued success of the platforms
that facilitate the loans in which the Fund invests. If such platforms were impaired in their ability to operate their
lending business, the Adviser may be required to seek alternative sources of investments, which could adversely
affect the Fund’s performance and/or prevent the Fund from pursuing its investment objective and strategies.
Platforms may rely on debt facilities and other forms of borrowing in order to finance many of the borrower loans
they facilitate. However, these financing sources may become unavailable after their current maturity dates or the
terms may become less favorable to the borrowing platforms. As the volume of loans that a platform facilitates
increases, the platform may need to expand its borrowing capacity on its existing debt arrangements or may need to
seek new sources of capital. The availability of such financing depends on multiple factors, some of which are
outside of the platform’s control. Platforms may also default on or breach their existing debt agreements, which
could diminish or eliminate their access to funding at all or on terms acceptable to the platforms. Such events could
cause the Fund to incur losses on its investments that are dependent upon the performance of the platforms.
As discussed under “—Operational and Technology Risk,” platforms are subject to various risks relating to the
extensive use of information technology.
As discussed under “—Regulatory Risk,” platforms may also be forced to defend legal action taken by regulators or
governmental bodies. Alternative lending is a new industry operating in an evolving legal environment. Platforms
may be subject to risk of litigation alleging violations of law and/or regulations, including, for example, consumer
protection laws, whether in the U.S. or in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Platforms may be unsuccessful in defending
against such lawsuits or other actions and, in addition to the costs incurred in fighting any such actions, platforms
may be required to pay money in connection with the judgments, settlements or fines or may be forced to modify
the terms of its borrower loans, which could cause the platform to realize a loss or receive a lower return on a loan
than originally anticipated. Platforms may also be parties to litigation or other legal action in an attempt to protect
or enforce their rights or those of affiliates, including intellectual property rights, and may incur similar costs in
connection with any such efforts.
The Fund’s investments in the equity securities of alternative lending platforms, including common stock, preferred
stock, warrants or convertible stock, are subject to equity securities risk. Equity securities risk is the risk that the
value of equity securities to which the Fund is exposed will fall due to general market or economic conditions;
overall market changes; local, regional or global political, social or economic instability; currency, interest rate and
commodity price fluctuations; perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers participate and the particular
circumstances and performance of the issuers. Market conditions may affect certain types of equity securities to a
greater extent than other types; for example, equity securities of issuers in new or emerging industries may be more
susceptible to market conditions and may experience volatility in returns. Equities to which the Fund may be
exposed are structurally subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure, in terms
of priority to corporate income and, therefore, will be subject to greater risk than debt instruments of such issuers.
The prices of equities are also sensitive to rising interest rates, as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs
increase. The equity securities of smaller, less seasoned companies, such as platforms or their affiliates, are
generally subject to greater price fluctuations, limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and higher investment risk.
Smaller companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, may be dependent on a limited
management group and may lack substantial capital reserves or an established performance record. There may be
generally less publicly available information about such companies than for larger, more established companies.
The Fund invests in unlisted equity securities, which generally involve a higher degree of valuation and
performance uncertainty and greater liquidity risk than investments in listed securities. Such issuers tend to be more
susceptible to the actions of competitors and market conditions, including general economic downturns; often
operate at a financial loss; are more likely to depend on small numbers of key management persons such that the
departure of any such persons could have a material adverse impact on the business and prospects of the company;
and generally have less predictable operating results. Investments that are unlisted at the time of acquisition may
remain unlisted and may, therefore, be difficult to value and/or realize. Preferred securities may pay fixed or
adjustable rates of return. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to
equity securities. In addition, preferred securities generally pay a dividend and rank ahead of common stocks and
behind debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the issuer in a liquidation or bankruptcy. For this
reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or
perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities may also be sensitive to
changes in interest rates. When interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred securities may be less attractive,
causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred securities of smaller companies may be more vulnerable
to adverse developments than preferred stock of larger companies. Warrants are options to purchase equity
securities at specific prices valid for a specific period of time. Their prices do not necessarily move parallel to the
prices of the underlying securities. Convertible securities are subject to the risks applicable generally to debt
securities, including credit risk. Convertible securities also react to changes in the value of the common stock into
which they convert, and are thus subject to market risk. Because the value of a convertible security can be
influenced by both interest rates and the common stock’s market movements, a convertible security generally is not
as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt security, and generally will not vary in value in response to other
factors to the same extent as the underlying common stock. In the event of a liquidation of the issuing company,
holders of convertible securities typically would be paid before the company’s common shareholders
but
after
holders of any senior debt obligations of the company.
                   
Risk of Securities Issued by Platforms, Their Affiliates or Special Purpose Entities Sponsored by Platforms or Their Affiliates [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Risk of Securities Issued by Platforms, Their Affiliates or Special Purpose Entities Sponsored by Platforms
or Their Affiliates.
The Fund’s investments in shares, certificates, notes or other securities issued by a platform, its
affiliates or a special purpose entity sponsored by a platform or its affiliates that represent the right to receive
principal and interest payments due on fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans may expose the Fund to the
credit risk of the issuer. Generally, such securities are unsecured obligations of the issuer; an issuer that becomes
subject to bankruptcy proceedings may be unable to make full and timely payments on its obligations to the Fund,
even if the payments on the underlying loan or loans continue to be made timely and in full. In addition, when the
Fund owns such fractional loans or other securities, the Fund and its custodian generally do not have a contractual
relationship with, or personally identifiable information regarding, individual borrowers, so the Fund will not be
able to enforce underlying loans directly against borrowers and may not be able to appoint an alternative servicing
agent in the event that a platform or third-party servicer, as applicable, ceases to service the underlying loans.
Therefore, the Fund is more dependent on the platform and loan servicer for servicing than in the case in which the
Fund owns whole loans. Where such interests are secured, the Fund relies on the platform to perfect the Fund’s
security interest. In addition, there may be a delay between the time the Fund commits to purchase a security issued
by a platform, its affiliate or a special purpose entity sponsored by the platform or its affiliate and the issuance of
such security and, during such delay, the funds committed to such an investment will not earn interest on the
investment nor will they be available for investment in other alternative lending-related securities, which will
reduce the effective rate of return on the investment. The Fund invests primarily in whole loans, and to a lesser
extent in securities with exposure to fractional loans or other similar securities.
                   
Equity Securities Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Equity Securities Risk.
The Fund’s investments in
the
equity securities of alternative lending platforms or REITs,
including common stock, preferred stock, warrants or convertible stock, are subject to equity securities risk. Equity
securities risk is the risk that the value of equity securities to which the Fund is exposed will fall due to general
market or economic conditions; overall market changes; local, regional or global political, social or economic
instability; currency, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations; perceptions regarding the industries in which
the issuers participate and the particular circumstances and performance of the issuers. The prices of equities are
also sensitive to rising interest rates, as the costs of capital rise and borrowing costs increase. The equity securities
of smaller, less seasoned companies, such as platforms or their affiliates, are generally subject to greater price
fluctuations, limited liquidity, higher transaction costs and higher investment risk. The Fund invests in unlisted
equity securities, which generally involve a higher degree of valuation and performance uncertainty and greater
liquidity risk than investments in listed securities. Preferred securities are subject to issuer-specific and market risks
applicable generally to equity securities. In addition, preferred securities generally pay a dividend and rank ahead of
common stocks and behind debt securities in claims for dividends and for assets of the issuer in a liquidation or
bankruptcy. For this reason, the value of preferred securities will usually react more strongly than bonds and other
debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred securities may also
be sensitive to changes in interest rates. When interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred securities may be
less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Convertible securities are subject to the risks
applicable generally to debt securities, including credit risk. Convertible securities also react to changes in the value
of the common stock into which they convert, and are thus subject to market risk. In the event of a liquidation of
the issuing company, holders of convertible securities typically would be paid before the company’s common
shareholders but after holders of any senior debt obligations of
the
company.
                   
Servicer Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Servicer Risk.
The Fund’s direct and indirect investments in loans originated or sourced by alternative lending
platforms are typically serviced by that platform or a third-party servicer. Loan servicing may entail the assessment
and/or collection of payments and fees from borrowers, the allocation and payment of such amounts to investors
and the execution of collections processes upon nonpayment of borrower loans, which may include referral of
overdue loans to collections personnel or outside collection agencies. Fees charged by a loan servicer reduce the
returns on the Fund’s investments.
In the event that the servicer is unable to service the loan, there can be no guarantee that a backup servicer will be
able to assume responsibility for servicing the loans in a timely or cost-effective manner; any resulting disruption or
delay could jeopardize payments due to the Fund in respect of its investments or increase the costs associated with
the Fund’s investments. If the servicer becomes subject to a bankruptcy or similar proceeding, there is some risk
that the Fund’s investments could be recharacterized as a secured loan from the Fund to the platform, as described
more fully (with respect to the potential bankruptcy of a platform) under “—Regulatory Risk,” which could result
in uncertainty, costs and delays from having the Fund’s investment deemed part of the bankruptcy estate of the
platform, rather than an asset owned outright by the Fund. Servicers may be subject to other risks described herein,
including “—Platform Risk.”
                   
Regulatory Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Regulatory Risk.
The loan industry is highly regulated and the alternative lending-related securities in which the
Fund invests are subject to extensive rules and regulations issued by governmental authorities in each of the
jurisdictions in which the Fund invests. These authorities also may impose obligations and restrictions on the
platforms’ activities or those of other entities involved in the alternative lending process. As a result of ongoing
economic and other developments, changes to federal, state or local law or regulation may negatively affect the
Fund’s ability to receive payments of interest and repayments of principal on its investments.
The platforms’ failure to comply with the requirements of applicable law may cause, among other things, the
platforms to be required to register with or be licensed by governmental authorities and/or the revocation of
requisite licenses, the voiding of loan contracts, practice restrictions, impairment of the enforcement of loans or
collection of interest, indemnification liability to contract counterparties, class action lawsuits, administrative
enforcement actions and/or civil and criminal liability in the relevant jurisdiction. The evolving nature of the
platforms’ respective business models may complicate their ability to determine the applicability of, and to effect
compliance with, such requirements. Moreover, legal and regulatory requirements and any interpretations of those
requirements are subject to periodic changes. Any such change necessitating new significant compliance obligations
could have an adverse effect on the platforms’ compliance costs and ability to operate. The platforms could seek to
pass through any increase in their costs to their borrowers or investors, such as the Fund, in the form of higher
origination or servicing fees.
In connection with the sale and servicing of
whole loans, fractions of whole loans or pools of whole loans, the
platforms typically make representations and warranties to investors, such as the Fund, that the loans were
originated and are being serviced in accordance with and in compliance with applicable laws (and in some cases
specifically with the laws described herein) in all material respects. Despite these representations and warranties,
the Fund cannot guarantee that the platforms have been and will continue to be in compliance with all applicable
laws. If those representations and warranties were not correct, the platforms could be required to repurchase the
loans or indemnify the Fund for losses, but the Fund cannot be certain that the platform would be required and able
to repurchase loans or indemnify the Fund for losses in all such cases.
In addition, regulators, enforcement agencies and courts are increasingly considering the role of non-bank lenders
and secondary market loan purchasers. There is no guarantee that laws and regulations applicable to non-bank
lenders will not change in a manner that adversely affects or restricts the Fund, including the ability of the Fund to
acquire loans from platforms,
enforce loans and collect interest and/
or
principal, or
otherwise restricts or materially
increases the cost to the Fund of pursuing potential investment strategies.
Moreover, regulators could seek to
impose liability on the Fund as purchaser and holder of loans for actions omissions of its vendors, such as servicers
or sub-servicers.
Finally, increased reporting, registration, and compliance requirements may divert the attention of personnel and the
management team of the Adviser, and may furthermore place the Fund at a competitive disadvantage to the extent
that the Adviser or companies in which the Fund invests are required to disclose sensitive business information. The
Fund will be required to bear the Fund’s expenses relating to compliance-related matters and regulatory filings,
which are likely to be material, including on a cumulative basis over the life of the Fund.
The information below provides additional detail on some of the laws, rules and regulations relevant to the Fund’s
investments.
Regulatory Regime in the United States. The platforms may be subject to laws including the following in the
United States:
federal and state laws and regulations related to disclosures to and consents from borrowers and
prospective borrowers and loan terms, credit discrimination, credit reporting, debt servicing and collection
and unfair, deceptive, abusive or unconscionable business practices;
state consumer loan, small loan, commercial loan, loan brokerage, loan servicing, credit services
organization and collection agency licensing laws that apply to persons that arrange, broker, facilitate,
market, make, own in whole or in part, hold, acquire, purchase, service, collect or otherwise participate in
loans covered by such laws;
state usury laws and other laws that restrict the amount of interest or fees that may be charged on loans;
state disclosure laws and regulations applicable to small business loans, merchant cash advances and other
commercial-purpose financings;
the Truth-in-Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder, and similar state laws, which require
certain disclosures to borrowers regarding the terms and conditions of their loans and credit transactions;
Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, and similar state laws, which prohibit unfair and
deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, and Sections 1031 and 1036 of the Dodd-Frank Wall
Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices
in connection with any consumer financial product or service, and the Federal Holder in Due Course Rule
(16 CFR 433), which in certain circumstances permits borrowers to assert any claims and defenses that
they would have had against a seller of goods or services obtained with the proceeds of a loan against an
originator or subsequent purchaser of the loan, and analogous state laws prohibiting unfair, deceptive or
unconscionable trade practices;
The Credit Practices Rules, which (i) prohibit lenders from using certain contract provisions that the
Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) has found to be unfair; (ii) requires lenders to advise consumers
who co-sign obligations about their potential liability if the primary obligor fails to pay; and (iii) prohibits
certain late charges;
the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated thereunder, and similar state statutes,
which prohibit creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, sex,
sexual orientation, gender identity, age, religion, national origin, marital status, the fact that all or part of
the applicant’s income derives from any public assistance program or the fact that the applicant has in
good faith exercised any right under the federal Consumer Credit Protection Act or any applicable state
law;
the Fair Credit Reporting Act, as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, which
promotes the accuracy, fairness and privacy of information in the files of consumer reporting agencies, by
regulating the use and reporting of information related to a credit applicant’s credit history and imposing
restrictions on the marketing of credit products through prescreened solicitations based on consumer
report information, among other things;
the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act and similar state debt collection laws, which provide guidelines and
limitations on the conduct of third-party debt collectors (and some limitations on creditors collecting their
own debts) in connection with the collection of consumer debts;
the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which includes limitations on financial institutions’ disclosure of nonpublic
personal information about a consumer to nonaffiliated third parties, in certain circumstances requires
financial institutions to limit the use and further disclosure of nonpublic personal information by
nonaffiliated third parties to whom they disclose such information and requires financial institutions to
disclose certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with affiliated and
nonaffiliated entities as well as to safeguard personal customer information, and other federal and state or
foreign privacy and data security laws and regulations, including the California Consumer Privacy Act
(“CCPA”) and similar state laws of broad applicability;
the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, which imposes various consumer consent requirements and other
restrictions in connection with telemarketing activity and other communication with consumers by phone,
fax or text message, and which provides guidelines designed to safeguard consumer privacy in connection
with such communications;
the Federal Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 and the
Telemarketing Sales Rule and analogous state laws, which impose various restrictions on marketing
conducted using email, telephone, fax or text message;
the Bankruptcy Code, which limits the extent to which creditors may seek to enforce debts against parties
who have filed for bankruptcy protection;
the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, which allows military members to suspend or postpone certain civil
obligations so that the military member can devote his or her full attention to military duties and limits
interest rates on certain obligations of servicemembers to 6% per annum;
the Military Lending Act, which limits the amount of interest and fees that may be charged on loans made
to members of the military and provides for other consumer protections;
the Electronic Fund Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, as well as rules of payment
networks and the National Automated Clearing House Association, which require separate customer
authorization for a loan servicer to use electronic transfers for customer payments and provide disclosure
requirements, guidelines and restrictions on the electronic transfer of funds to and from consumers’ bank
accounts;
the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act and similar state laws, particularly the
Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, which authorize the creation of legally binding and enforceable
agreements utilizing electronic records and signatures and govern the circumstances in which a person
may electronically provide disclosures otherwise required to be in writing;
the regulations promulgated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control under the U.S. Treasury Department
related to the administration and enforcement of sanctions against non-U.S. jurisdictions and persons,
including Specially Designated Nationals (SDNs), that threaten U.S. foreign policy and national security
goals, primarily to prevent targeted jurisdictions and persons from accessing the U.S. financial system;
the Bank Secrecy Act, which relates to compliance with anti-money laundering, customer due diligence
and record-keeping policies and procedures;
the Uniform Consumer Credit Code as it may be adopted in various states, which relates to consumer
protections for borrowers
Federal and state laws governing the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning and other technologies
in connection with the marketing, solicitation, origination, underwriting, purchase, sale, servicing or
collection of loans;
federal and state securities laws; and
other federal, state and local laws and regulations.
These rules require extensive disclosure to, and consents from, borrowers and prospective borrowers, prohibit
various lending practices such as discrimination and may impose multiple qualification and licensing
obligations on platform activities.
Moreover, under the Federal Holder in Due Course Rule referred to above, failure to perform or a violation of
law by a merchant or service provider could give rise to claims and/or defenses by a borrower, or a group of
borrowers, against the Fund, a servicer and certain other parties.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) has broad authority over the U.S. consumer-focused
businesses in which certain platforms engage. This includes authority to write regulations under federal
consumer financial protection laws, such as the Truth in Lending Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, to
supervise and conduct regulatory examinations of banks with more than $10 billion in assets and certain
non-banks, and to enforce federal consumer financial protection laws against market participants, including the
platforms. The CFPB is authorized to prevent “unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices” through its
regulatory, supervisory and enforcement authority. To assist in its enforcement, the CFPB maintains an online
complaint system that allows consumers to log complaints with respect to various consumer finance products,
including the loans that platforms facilitate. This system could inform future CFPB decisions with respect to
its regulatory, enforcement or examination focus. Since March 2016, the CFPB has accepted consumer
complaints regarding consumer loans issued by online marketplace platforms, subjecting platforms to the
CFPB’s expectation for prompt handling of consumer complaints received through the system and making
available to the public non-personalized information regarding such complaints. Until the CFPB issues a final
rulemaking defining which non-bank larger participants in the consumer lending market will be subject to the
CFPB’s supervisory authority, which includes the ability to conduct regulatory examinations, the platforms are
only subject to the CFPB’s rulemaking and enforcement authority, unless they are determined to pose risk to
consumers by the CFPB. The CFPB announced in April 2022 its intention to use its authority to supervise any
non-bank that it determines is posing a risk to consumers. Since that time, the CFPB has entered into
non-public agreements with several entities that have agreed to the CFPB’s supervision. However, on
September
25
, 2025, the CFPB issued a
final rule
to rescind amendments to the Procedures for Supervisory
Designation Proceedings that it adopted in 2022 and 2024. While the future extension of supervisory authority
to non-banks that the CFPB determines pose a risk to consumer is uncertain, it is possible that entities subject
to CFPB supervision and examination, either as a result of such determination or a future larger participant
rulemaking, could include fintech platforms that sell loans to or service loans for the Fund. The impact of such
direct supervision by the CFPB is unknown, but could result in additional scrutiny for platforms, which could
have an adverse impact on platforms and the Fund.
The CFPB could implement rules that restrict platforms’ effectiveness in servicing loans for the Fund. For
example, on October 5, 2017, the CFPB issued a final rule regarding Payday, Vehicle Title and Certain
High-Cost Installment Loans (the “Final Rule”). The Final Rule mandated with respect to loans of 45 days or
less or longer-term loans with balloon payments that lenders must take reasonable steps to ensure that
prospective borrowers have the ability to repay them. In July 2020, the CFPB issued a final rule to rescind the
Final Rule’s mandatory underwriting requirements (i.e., the ability-to-repay requirements) and ratify the Final
Rule’s payment provisions that prohibit lenders from making new attempts to debit a borrower’s account after
two failed attempts, absent express authorization by the borrower for further withdrawals. The Final Rule was
stayed pending resolution of legal claims regarding both the substance of the Final Rule and the
constitutionality of the CFPB’s funding mechanism. In September 2021, the U.S. District Court for the
Western District of Texas upheld the payment provisions in the Final Rule and established a June 13, 2022
effective date. Cmty. Fin. Servs. Ass’n of Am., Ltd. v. CFPB, 558 F. Supp. 3d 350 (W.D. Tex. 2021). However,
implementation of the Final Rule was further stayed and in October 2022 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Fifth Circuit held that the funding mechanism for the CFPB (12 U.S.C. § 5497) is unconstitutional. The
U.S. Supreme Court took the case on appeal and on May 16, 2024, rejected the Fifth Circuit ruling, and
remanded the case back to the U.S. Court of Appeals. On June 14, 2024, the CFPB announced the Final Rule
would go into effect on March 30, 2025. On November 25, 2024, the Fifth Circuit issued an order effectively
confirming that the Final Rule would take effect on March 30, 2025. However, on March 28, 2025, the CFPB
announced it would not prioritize enforcement or supervisory actions related to the payment provisions of the
Final Rule, despite the rule taking effect on March 30, 2025.
Actions by the CFPB could result in requirements to alter or cease offering affected loan products and services,
making them less attractive and restricting the platforms’ ability to offer them. Actions by the CFPB or other
regulators against the platforms, their originating banks or their competitors that discourage the use of the
alternative lending model or suggest to consumers the desirability of other loan products or services could
result in reputational harm and a loss of borrowers or investors. The platforms’ compliance costs and litigation
exposure could increase materially if the CFPB or other regulators enact new regulations, change existing
regulations, modify, through supervision or enforcement, past regulatory guidance or interpret existing
regulations in a manner different or stricter than previous interpretations. In addition to the CFPB, the FTC can
investigate and enforce certain federal consumer protection statutes as well the prohibition on unfair and
deceptive acts or practices under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act or unfair, deceptive or
abusive acts or practices under Sections 1031 and 1036 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act. Similarly, state attorneys general have broad powers to investigate and enforce consumer
protection statutes, which they have used, and are likely to continue to use, with respect to the activities of
certain platforms. Also, the platforms may be subject to regulatory examination or enforcement actions by state
authorities, particularly in states where the platforms are licensed. Moreover, platforms that collaborate with a
bank to offer loans are subject to the supervisory authority of the bank’s regulator(s).
The CFPB issued an interpretive rule in 2022 to provide clarity regarding 12 U.S.C. 5552, which provides
states with authority to enforce requirements of federal consumer financial laws, and issued a report in January
2025 to provide state regulators and enforcement agencies a road map for how they can enforce federal
consumer financial laws. Although the interpretive rule on states’ enforcement authority was rescinded as of
May 15, 2025, the underlying statutory authority for states to
enforce
federal consumer financial laws remains.
With the change in presidential administrations in January 2025 and the expectation that federal regulators may
be less aggressive in enforcing federal consumer financial laws as compared to the prior administration,
several state regulators have signaled an intention to increase their oversight of consumer financial services
firms.
Different platforms adhere to different business models subject to different regulatory requirements. For
example, one platform may operate from a particular state to make loans to small- and mid-sized businesses
across the United States. The platform must comply with that state’s licensing requirements and possible usury
limitations, relying on contractual choice of law provisions when lending to borrowers that reside in other
states. However, other states could seek to regulate the platform on the basis that loans were made to
borrowers located in such other states. Alternatively, plaintiffs or an enforcement agency could assert that the
platform’s choice of law was not valid and that the law of the borrower’s state of residency applies to the
transaction, particularly if enforcement of the parties’ choice of law is found to be contrary to a fundamental
public policy of the borrower’s home state. In either case, loans made in those other states could be subject to
the maximum interest rate limits (usury laws), if any, of such jurisdiction, which in turn could limit revenues
for the Fund or adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Moreover, it could further subject the
platform to such states’ licensing requirements and, potentially, to penalties for having previously conducted
business in such states without a license, which could adversely impact the platform or, in some cases, the
enforceability of some or all of the terms of loans originated by or through the platform without a license.
Another platform may follow a different model in which some or all loans sourced by the platform are made
by a bank. The platform may provide certain services to assist the bank in making the loan, but the loans will
be made subject to the bank’s underwriting guidelines, funding for the loans will come from the bank’s own
resources and the bank will be the named payee on the loans. As a result, the bank is generally considered to
be the “true lender” of the loans originated through the platform. However, if challenged in litigation by a
borrower, government enforcement agency or other litigant, a court may instead decide that the platform is the
true lender of the loans. Plaintiffs and certain regulators have challenged various bank affiliation and similar
arrangements involving a variety of non-bank partners, often in market segments in which the Fund does not
intend to invest, such as payday lending and refund anticipation lending, and recently challenges have been
initiated against marketplace lending platforms on similar theories. Currently, litigation is pending in
California between a platform and the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation which
could become a bellwether for future true lender cases, for example. Cases raising true lender, usury or
licensing questions related to loans made pursuant to arrangements in which platforms affiliated with banks
can be expected to arise from time to time and are likely to be dependent on the specific facts and
circumstances involved as well as developing judicial interpretations of existing and new laws. Given the fact
specific nature of these kinds of cases, courts have recently applied differing interpretations when determining
which party is the true lender, with the diverging outcomes of these cases explained in whole or in part by the
differing legal standards applied by courts and factual distinctions. The resulting uncertainty may increase the
possibility of claims brought against the platforms by borrowers seeking to void their loans or to subject the
platforms to increased regulatory scrutiny and enforcement actions. To the extent that the platform or a
purchaser of loans is deemed to be the true lender in any jurisdiction instead of the originating bank (whether
determined by a regulatory agency at the state or federal level or by a court), loans made to borrowers in that
jurisdiction would be subject to the maximum interest rate limits (usury laws) of such jurisdiction and existing
loans may be unenforceable and the platform or purchaser of loans could be subject to additional regulatory
requirements in addition to any penalties and fines (including licensing), which could adversely affect the Fund
and the value of its investments. Moreover, it may be determined that this business model is not sustainable in
its current form, which could ultimately cause such platforms to alter or terminate their businesses. In such
circumstances, there could be a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy
as well as enforce remedies it may have against the platforms from which it obtained loans.
Many fintech platforms partner with state-chartered banks that rely on federal law, specifically, Section 27 of
the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, which allows a state-chartered bank insured by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation to charge interest to borrowers on a nationwide basis based on the rates allowed by the
state where the bank is located. Section 27 preempts inconsistent state law limitations except for loans that are
made in states that opt out from federal exportation authority. Until 2023, Iowa and Puerto Rico were the only
jurisdictions to have enacted and maintained opt outs of Section 27, although the effect of such opt outs was
unsettled given different interpretations of the opt out right under federal law. In December 2022, the Iowa
Attorney General and Department of Banking announced the settlement of an enforcement action against an
out-of-state, state-chartered bank that made loans in Iowa through a bank partnership program. The state
asserted that its opt out from Section 27 preemption required the bank to comply with state law when lending
to Iowa residents. The state claimed that the bank charged usurious interest on loans to Iowa residents. Without
admitting any violation of Iowa law, the bank agreed to an Assurance of Discontinuance under which it would
make refunds to Iowa residents for interest collected in excess of the state’s usury ceiling.
In 2023, Colorado enacted legislation purporting to opt out of Section 27. The law was scheduled to become
effective July 1, 2024 but was later subject to an injunction covering members of the trade associations that
initiated a legal challenge to Colorado’s interpretation of DIDMCA’s opt-out provision
, which injunction
remains in place while the matter is pending
. The impact of the Colorado legislation is unclear at this time and
other states have considered legislation to opt out of Section 27
, with Oregon recently enacting DIDMCA opt
out legislation that takes effect in early June 2026
. To the extent that a state’s opt-out is effective in preventing
out-of-state, state-chartered banks from exercising their ability to export the interest rates of their home state
when lending to residents of such an opt-out state, it could limit state-chartered banks that partner with fintech
platforms from originating certain loans or result in liabilities for any loans originated in violation of such
opt-out state’s usury ceiling.
Alternative lending platforms may be subject to risk of litigation alleging violations of federal and state laws
and regulations and consumer law torts, including fraud. Moreover, many alternative lending-related securities
(loans, in particular) are written using standardized documentation. Thus, many borrowers may be similarly
situated insofar as the provisions of their contractual obligations are concerned. Accordingly, allegations of
violations of the provisions of applicable federal or state consumer protection laws could potentially result in a
large class of claimants asserting claims against the platforms and other related entities.
Recent case law raised questions regarding the ability of platforms and loan purchasers to charge the same rate
as an originating bank after a loan has been sold to the platform by the originating bank and, in turn, sold to
subsequent investors, such as the Fund. In 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit issued a
significant decision that interpreted the scope of federal preemption under the National Bank Act (the “NBA”)
and held that a non-bank assignee of loans originated by a national bank was not entitled to the benefits of
NBA preemption as to state law claims of usury. Although the decision is binding only in Connecticut,
New York and Vermont, it may significantly affect non-bank assignees of loans, including the loan origination
practices of certain participants in the alternative lending-related industry. At a minimum, non-bank
assignees/purchasers of bank loans may face uncertainty regarding their ability to rely upon federal preemption
of state usury laws in those three states; in addition, a number of alternative lending platforms purchase loans
from state-chartered banks promptly after origination and rely upon federal preemption to exempt the loans
from state usury caps. Following the Second Circuit’s decision, there have been a number of lawsuits in other
parts of the country making similar allegations. In 2020, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
(“OCC”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation separately issued final rules to provide that interest
rate applicable to a loan originated by a bank on the date the loan was made remains valid when a loan is
transferred or sold. Although attorneys general in several states have initiated litigation to challenge the
agencies’ rules, a federal district court upheld the rules in 2022 and the states did not file an appeal.
Nonetheless, some uncertainty remains as future litigants could seek to challenge the rules.
In addition to potential legal and regulatory challenges to platforms, several states have initiated enforcement
actions or considered new legislation that may challenge the ability of state-chartered banks that partner with
platforms to offer loans without a license or at interest rates above a state’s usury ceiling. Although these
developments are relatively recent and some of their outcomes are uncertain, they could limit future
investment opportunities or revenues for the Fund. Moreover, if a bank were to be found to have originated
loans without a license and/or at interest rates not authorized by law, it could adversely impact the
enforceability of loans made by such bank, which could adversely affect the Fund.
In addition, numerous other statutory provisions, including federal bankruptcy laws and related state laws, may
interfere with or affect the ability of an investor to enforce a loan facilitated through an alternative lending
platform. If a platform or related entity were to go into bankruptcy or become the subject of an insolvency
proceeding, the platform or related entity may stop performing its services with respect to the loans. Any
replacement servicer retained for such services may assess higher fees and/or demand additional, less favorable
terms with respect to its obligations. The servicer may also have the power, in connection with a bankruptcy or
insolvency proceeding and with the approval of the court or the bankruptcy trustee or similar official, to assign
its rights and obligations as servicer to a third party without the consent, and even over the objection, of any
affected parties. If the servicer is a debtor in bankruptcy or the subject of an insolvency or similar proceeding,
this may limit the ability of affected parties to enforce the obligations of the servicer, to collect any amount
owing by the servicer or to terminate and replace the servicer. In addition, the sale of whole loans to the Fund
may be found by a bankruptcy court not to have been a true sale, but recharacterized as a secured loan from
the Fund to the platform. If such a recharacterization occurs, most platform loan purchase agreements provide
that the platform grants a security interest to the Fund in the loans subject to the purchase agreement, but the
Fund would incur the resulting uncertainty, costs and delays from having its loans deemed part of the
bankruptcy estate of the platform, rather than assets owned outright by the Fund. A bankruptcy court may also
reduce the monthly payments due under the related contract or loan and/or change the rate of interest and time
of repayment of the indebtedness. Borrowers may delay or suspend making payments on loans because of the
uncertainties occasioned by the bankruptcy or similar proceeding to which a platform or its related entities are
subject, even if the borrowers have no legal right to do so. It is possible that a period of adverse economic
conditions resulting in high defaults and delinquencies on alternative lending-related securities will increase
the potential bankruptcy risk to platforms and its related entities.
The U.S. presidential election of 2024 resulted in a change of administration that resulted in significant
changes in leadership among the federal agencies that regulate consumer credit, including the CFPB, FTC,
federal banking agencies and the Department of Justice. Federal consumer financial regulation is in a period of
extended transition for a variety of reasons, including
review and reconsideration of regulations
, executive
orders impacting the operations of federal agencies are being issued (with uncertainty around the scope of their
application and timing of their implementation), and reductions of personnel are occurring across federal
agencies. There is considerable uncertainty as to
future policies that the current U.S. administration may
pursue in areas impacting financial regulation and consumer protection. Many of the current administration’s
executive orders are being challenged in court, with initial requests for injunctions being granted, denied, or
extended, and the ultimate resolution of the legality of the executive orders is expected to take an extended
period of time. Further, in pending litigation challenges to rules, federal agencies have sought to suspend or
dismiss the litigation in some cases, and in other cases have not yet taken action. The outlook is similarly
uncertain as to pending enforcement cases that have not been abandoned by the CFPB. It is also uncertain how
other federal and state regulators will respond to any changes at the CFPB, which may include increasing or
decreasing enforcement activity.
The Fund cannot predict whether federal or state agencies with oversight over the platforms will take any
action to adopt new regulations, provide guidance or take supervisory or enforcement actions that will
adversely or positively impact the marketplace lending industry or require changes to the business models of
platforms that may adversely affect the platforms’ businesses. If a change in the laws or the interpretations of
current laws were to occur, certain U.S. platforms could be required to either change the manner in which they
conduct certain aspects of their operations or halt certain business operations all together, which could have a
material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategy.
At any time there may be litigation pending as well as supervisory or enforcement actions taken against banks
that issue or originate loans for the platforms. Any such litigation or supervisory or enforcement actions may
significantly and adversely impact such banks’ ability to make loans or subject them or the platforms they
partner with to fines and penalties, which could consequently have a material adverse effect on the Fund. The
platforms could also be forced to comply with the lending laws of all U.S. states, which may not be feasible
and could result in platforms ceasing to operate. Any increase in cost or regulatory burden on a platform could
have a material adverse effect on the Fund. Specifically, adverse supervisory or enforcement actions by
regulatory agencies or rulings by courts in pending and potential future litigation could undermine the basis of
platforms’ business models and could result ultimately in a platform or its lender members (investors) being
characterized as a lender, which, as a consequence, would mean that additional U.S. consumer protection laws
would be applicable to the loans sourced on such platforms, potentially rendering such loans voidable or
unenforceable. In addition, a platform or its lender members could be subject to claims by borrowers, as well
as enforcement actions by regulators. Even if a platform were not required to cease conducting business with
residents of certain states or to change its business practices to comply with applicable laws and regulations,
the platform or its lender members could be required to register or obtain and maintain licenses or regulatory
approvals in all 50 U.S. states at substantial cost. If a platform were subject to fines, penalties or other
regulatory action or ceased to operate, this could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to pursue
its investment strategy.
In addition to laws governing the activities of lenders and servicers, a limited number of states require
purchasers of certain loans, primarily consumer loans and mortgage loans, to be licensed or registered in order
to own the loans or, in certain states, to collect a rate of interest above a specified rate. Moreover, recent
litigation involving securitization trusts that take assignment of loans suggests increased licensing,
enforcement and litigation risk for purchasers of loans. The Fund intends to obtain licenses if and where
required in order to pursue its investment strategy. To the extent the Fund obtains such licenses or is required
to comply with related regulatory requirements, the Fund could be subject to increased costs and regulatory
oversight by governmental authorities that may have an adverse effect on its results or operations. If the Fund
were delayed in obtaining, or were unable to obtain, required licenses in certain states, this could limit its
ability to invest in loans to borrowers in those states. If the Fund were to be deemed to have acquired loans
without first obtaining a required license, the Fund could be subject to penalties, prohibited or restricted in its
ability to enforce loans or collect interest, or subject to other damages, which could have a material adverse
effect on the Fund, its investment strategy, and/or results.
Because loans are not ordinarily registered with the Commission or any state securities commission or listed
on any securities exchange, there is usually less publicly available information about such instruments. In
addition, loans in which the Fund invests may not be considered “securities” for purposes of the anti-fraud
protections of the federal securities laws. In the event certain loans in which the Fund invests are not
considered securities, as a purchaser of these instruments, the Fund may not be entitled to the anti-fraud
protections of the federal securities laws. The Fund has been advised by the Staff of the Commission that it is
the view of the Commission and its Staff that the purchase of whole loans through alternative lending
platforms involves the purchase of “securities” under the 1933 Act, issued by the originating platforms, and
that the purchase of whole loans by the Fund involves the purchase of securities.
If platforms or any related entities are required to register as investment companies under the 1940 Act or as
investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, their ability to conduct business may be
materially adversely affected, and contracts entered into by a platform or related entity while in violation of the
registration requirements may be voidable. This could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to pursue its
investment strategy and adversely affect the value of the Fund’s shares.
The U.S. federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (“FDCPA”) provides guidelines and limitations on the
conduct of third-party debt servicers in connection with the collection of consumer debts. In order to ensure
compliance with the FDCPA, U.S. platforms often contract with professional third-party debt collection
agencies to engage in debt collection activities with respect to consumer debts. The CFPB, the U.S. federal
agency responsible for administering the FDCPA, has considered comprehensive rulemaking regarding the
operation of the FDCPA. While the agency has paused its rulemaking efforts, future regulatory enactments
may adversely impact the ability of third-party debt collectors to recover claims from borrowers and may
reduce amounts recovered or value of charged-off debts. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on
U.S. platforms and, therefore, on the Fund as an investor through such platforms. The U.S. federal Fair Credit
Reporting Act (“FCRA”) regulates consumer credit reporting. Under the FCRA, liability may be imposed on
furnishers of data to credit reporting agencies, such as platforms that service loans for the Fund, to the extent
that adverse credit information reported is false or inaccurate.
U.S. federal law provides borrower service members on active military service with rights that may delay or
impair a platform’s ability to collect on a loan. The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”) requires that
the interest rate on pre-existing debts, such as service member loans, be set at no more than 6% while the
qualified service member or reservist is on active duty. An investor in an alternative lending-related security
that is dependent on the performance of such a loan, such as the Fund, will not receive the difference between
6% and the original stated interest rate for the loan during any such period. This law also permits courts to stay
proceedings and execution of judgments against service members and reservists on active duty, which may
delay recovery on any loans in default and, accordingly, payments on the instruments that are dependent on
these loans. If there are any amounts under such a loan still due and owing to the platform after the final
maturity of the instrument that corresponds to the loan, a platform may have no further obligation to make
payments on the instrument to the Fund, even if the platform later receives payments after the final maturity of
the instrument.
Platforms do not take military service into account in assigning loan grades to borrower service member loan
requests. In addition, platforms do not request prospective borrowers to confirm if they are a qualified service
member or reservists within the meaning of the SCRA as part of the borrower registration process. As a result,
the platform may not always be able to ensure compliance with the requirements of the SCRA as well as the
Military Lending Act, which, among other things, limits the cost of credit on a covered loan to 36% per year.
In addition, regulatory changes applicable to the collateral securing certain loans to which the Fund may have
exposure, particularly non-traditional forms of collateral (e.g., digital assets like bitcoin), may adversely
impact the value of such collateral or a platform’s or loan servicer’s ability to service such loans.
Lender Liability.
A number of judicial decisions have upheld judgments of borrowers against lending
institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed “lender liability.” Generally,
lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of
good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a similar duty owed to the borrower or has assumed
an excessive degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the
borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. If a loan held by the Fund were found to have been made or
serviced under circumstances that give rise to lender liability, the borrower’s obligation to repay that loan
could be reduced or eliminated or the Fund’s recovery on that loan could be otherwise impaired, which would
adversely impact the value of that loan.
In limited cases, courts have subordinated the loans of a senior lender to a borrower to claims of other creditors
of the borrower when the senior lender or its agents, such as a loan servicer, is found to have engaged in unfair,
inequitable or fraudulent conduct with respect to the other creditors. If a loan held by the Fund were subject to
such subordination, it would be junior in right of payment to other indebtedness of the borrower, which could
adversely impact the value of that loan.
Regulatory Regime in the United Kingdom.
The Fund may invest in alternative lending-related securities
through platforms domiciled in the UK. Such platforms must be authorized and regulated by the Financial
Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in order to engage in the regulated activity of “operating an electronic system in
relation to lending.”
The FCA imposes regulatory controls for platform operators, including the application of conduct of business
rules (in particular, relating to disclosure and promotions), minimum capital requirements, client money
protection rules, dispute resolution rules and a requirement for firms to take reasonable steps to ensure existing
loans continue to the administered if the firm goes out of business. These regulations and any further new laws
and regulations could have a material adverse effect on UK platforms’ businesses and may result in
interruption of operations by such platforms or the passing on of the costs of increased regulatory compliance
to investors, such as the Fund, in the form of higher origination or servicing fees.
The Fund may invest in loans that constitute regulated credit agreements (consumer credit loans) under the
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (“FSMA”). Article 60B of the amended Financial Services and
Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (the “RAO”) provides that the activity of entering into a
regulated credit agreement as lender or exercising or having the right to exercise the lender’s rights and duties
under such credit agreement requires FCA authorization. However, article 60I of the RAO and paragraph 55 of
the schedule to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Exemption Order) 2001 provide exemptions
from authorization to persons who acquire rights under a regulated credit agreements (but who do not make
any such loans or extend any new credit), provided that the servicer of such loans is appropriately authorized
by the FCA and the relevant service agreement complies with the requirements of the relevant exception being
relied on.
The Fund is not authorized by the FCA in respect of consumer credit activities. To the extent that it acquires
any loans that are regulated credit agreements under FSMA, the Fund will be required to ensure that a person
with the appropriate FCA authorization is engaged to service such regulated credit agreements in accordance
with the exemptions from authorization under article 60B and paragraph 55 outlined above. If the FCA were to
successfully challenge the Fund’s reliance on this exemption, this could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to
invest in consumer loans in the United Kingdom or other alternative lending-related securities relating to such
consumer loans, and could subject to the Fund to costs that could adversely affect the results of the Fund.
The future regulatory regime in the United Kingdom is currently uncertain as a result of the United Kingdom’s
exit from the European Union on January 31, 2020 (“Brexit”). While an agreement governing post-Brexit trade
between the United Kingdom and the European Union became effective on January 1, 2021, significant issues,
such as market access for financial firms and applicable data protection standards, remain unsettled, and it is
unclear what form a permanent arrangement with respect to such issues may take or what impact it would have
on the United Kingdom regulatory regime. From January 1, 2021, EU law ceased to apply in the UK.
However, many EU laws were assimilated into English law and these assimilated laws will continue to apply
until such time as they are repealed, replaced or amended. The United Kingdom government has enacted
legislation that will repeal, replace or otherwise make substantial amendments to the European Union laws that
currently apply in the United Kingdom. It is impossible to predict the consequences on the Fund and its
investments. Such changes could be materially detrimental to investors, including the Fund. Brexit may have a
significant impact on the U.K., Europe, and global economies, which may result in increased volatility and
illiquidity, new legal and regulatory uncertainties and potentially lower economic growth for these economies,
which could adversely affect Fund performance. The ultimate effect of these and other social-political or
geopolitical issues are not known but could profoundly affect particular economies and markets as well as
global economies and markets, which may include companies or assets held or considered for prospective
investment by the Fund and could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.
Regulatory Regime in Other Jurisdictions.
The platforms and their investors may face regulation in the other
jurisdictions in which the Fund invests. Many other jurisdictions have regulatory regimes in place to authorize
or regulate platforms. If any entity operating a platform through which the Fund invests, or any entity that is
the lender under a loan agreement facilitated by that platform, were to lose its license or have its license
suspended or revoked, the platform might be forced to cease its operations, which could impair the ability of
the Fund to pursue its investment strategy by investing in loans originated by that platform, and could disrupt
the servicing and administration of loans to which the Fund has exposure through that platform. Any such
disruption could impact the quality of debt collection procedures in relation to those loans and could result in
reduced returns to the Fund from those investments. In addition, some jurisdictions may regulate the terms of
loans issued through a platform or impose additional requirements on investments in such loans, which could
impact the value of alternative lending-related securities purchased from a platform operating in such a
jurisdiction or the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy by investing in loans originated by such
a platform. New or amended laws or regulations could disrupt the business operations of platforms operating
in jurisdictions in which the Fund invests and could result in the platforms passing on of increased regulatory
compliance costs to investors, such as the Fund, in the form of higher origination or servicing fees.
                   
Privacy and Data Security Laws Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Privacy and Data Security Laws Risk.
There has been an increase in legislative and regulatory activity related to
privacy and data security issues in recent years. GLBA and other laws limit the disclosure of certain non-public
personal information about a consumer to non-affiliated third parties and require financial institutions to disclose
certain privacy policies and practices with respect to information sharing with both affiliates and non-affiliated third
parties. Many states and a number of non-U.S. jurisdictions have enacted privacy and data security laws providing
consumers with certain rights and requiring safeguards on the privacy and security of consumers’ personally
identifiable information. For example, on January 1, 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”) took
effect and creates obligations on covered companies to, among other things, disclose certain personal information
about California residents with those residents, allow those residents to request that certain personal information be
deleted, and allow those residents to opt-out of the sale of their information. This law and its implementing
regulations are evolving and subject to interpretation. Similarly, there are a number of legislative proposals related
to privacy and data security in the European Union and the United States, at both the federal and state level. Other
laws deal with obligations to safeguard and dispose of private information in a manner designed to avoid its
dissemination. Privacy rules adopted by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission implement GLBA and other
requirements and govern the disclosure of consumer financial information by certain financial institutions, ranging
from banks to private investment funds. U.S. platforms following certain models generally are required to have
privacy policies that conform to these GLBA and other requirements. In addition, such platforms typically have
policies and procedures intended to maintain platform participants’ personal information securely and dispose of it
properly.
The Fund generally does not intend to obtain or hold borrowers’ non-public personally identifiable information, and
the Fund intends to implement procedures designed to prevent the disclosure of non-public personally identifiable
information to the Fund. However, service providers to the Fund, including the Fund’s custodians and the platforms
acting as loan servicers for the Fund, may obtain, hold or process such information. While the Fund has adopted
policies and procedures regarding the platforms’ and custodian’s protection and use of non-public personally
identifiable information, the Fund cannot guarantee the security of that data and cannot guarantee that service
providers have been and will continue to comply with GLBA, CCPA, other data security and privacy laws and any
other related regulatory requirements. Violations of GLBA, CCPA and other laws could subject the Fund to
litigation and/or fines, penalties or other regulatory action, which, individually or in the aggregate, could have an
adverse effect on the Fund. In addition, given that proposed laws and regulations related to privacy and data
security are pending in numerous U.S. states and other jurisdictions, the Fund may also face regulations related to
privacy and data security in the other jurisdictions in which the Fund invests.
                   
Borrowing and Leverage Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Borrowing and Leverage Risk.
The Fund and its Subsidiaries have obtained and may in the future obtain
financing to make investments and/or to fund Share repurchases. The Fund currently utilizes leverage through
reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund also may obtain leverage through derivative instruments or asset-backed
securities that afford the Fund economic leverage. Leverage magnifies the Fund’s exposure to declines in the value
of one or more underlying reference assets or creates investment risk with respect to a larger pool of assets than the
Fund would otherwise have and may be considered a speculative technique. For example, if the Fund obtains
structural leverage through its Subsidiaries that finance their investments in alternative lending-related securities, a
decrease in the value of those securities will negatively impact the Fund’s NAV to a greater extent than if the Fund
had not used leverage. The value of an investment in the Fund will be more volatile and other risks tend to be
compounded if and to the extent that the Fund borrows or uses derivatives or other investments that have embedded
leverage. In addition, the Fund’s interests in Subsidiaries that have entered into borrowing arrangements typically
will rank after such borrowings and if the Subsidiaries’ assets decline in value, the return on the Fund’s equity
interest may be adversely affected.
The Fund’s borrowings are typically secured by investments held by Subsidiaries of the Fund. The Subsidiaries of
the Fund that pledge investments to secure the Fund’s borrowings are typically separate bankruptcy-remote entities
formed for the purpose of holding specific securities and pledging those securities to secure the Fund’s borrowing.
The assets of any such Subsidiary are not available to other creditors, or to any other Subsidiary or the Fund, except
to the extent of permitted distributions made to the Fund. The Fund’s borrowings may impose financial and
operating covenants that restrict the Fund’s business activities, including limitations that could hinder the Fund’s
ability to make additional investments and/or to fund Share repurchases.
Market conditions may unfavorably impact the Fund’s or its Subsidiaries’ ability to secure borrowings on favorable
or commercially feasible terms. Borrowing will also cost the Fund interest expense and other fees. Unless the rate
of return, net of applicable Fund expenses, on the Fund’s investments exceeds the costs to the Fund of the leverage
it utilizes, the investment of the Fund’s net assets attributable to leverage will generate less income than will be
needed to pay the costs of the leverage and the facility fees that the Fund or its Subsidiaries pay, resulting in a loss
to the Fund even if the rate of return on those assets is positive. The costs of borrowing will reduce the Fund’s
return. To the extent the Fund or a Subsidiary is able to secure financing, fluctuations in interest rates could increase
the costs associated with the Fund’s or Subsidiary’s use of certain forms of leverage, and such costs could reduce
the Fund’s return.
The 1940 Act requires a closed-end fund to maintain asset coverage of not less than 300% of the value of the
outstanding amount of senior securities representing indebtedness (as defined in the 1940 Act) at the time that it
issues senior securities and generally requires a closed-end fund to make provision to prohibit the declaration of any
dividend (except a dividend payable in stock of the fund) or distribution on the fund’s stock or the repurchase of
any of the fund’s stock, unless, at the time of the declaration or repurchase, there is asset coverage of at least 300%,
after deducting the amount of the dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be. To satisfy 1940 Act
requirements in connection with leverage or to meet obligations, the Fund may be required to dispose of portfolio
securities when such disposition might not otherwise be desirable. Engaging in such transactions may cause the
Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so to satisfy its obligations or to comply with the
requirements of Rule 18f-4. Because, as discussed in more detail under “—Illiquidity Risk”, the Fund’s portfolio
will be substantially illiquid, any such disposition or liquidation could result in losses to the Fund. There can be no
assurances that the Fund’s use of leverage
will
be successful.
Effects of Leverage.
Assuming that senior securities represent approximately
36.66
% of the Fund’s total assets
(including the amounts of such senior securities) and that the Fund bears expenses relating to such senior securities
at an annual effective interest rate of
5.66
% (based on interest rates for such senior securities as of a recent date),
the annual return that the Fund’s portfolio must experience (net of expenses) in order to cover the costs of such
senior securities would be approximately
1.26
%. These figures are merely estimates based on current market
conditions, used for illustration purposes only. Actual expenses associated with senior securities used by the Fund
may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate used for the example above.
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the Commission. It is designed to illustrate the
effects of the Fund’s leverage due to senior securities on corresponding Share total return, assuming investment
portfolio total returns (consisting of income and changes in the value of investments held in the Fund’s portfolio) of
-10%, -5%, 0%, 5% and 10%. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not
necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further
assumes that the Fund’s senior securities represent approximately
36.66
% of the Fund’s total assets (including such
senior securities) and an annual rate of interest of
5.66
% (as discussed above). Your actual returns may be greater or
less than those appearing below.
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses)
(10.00)%
(5.00)%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
Corresponding Share Total Return
(14.93
)%
(8.09)%
(1.26)%
5.57%
12.41%
Corresponding Share total
return
is made up of two elements—the Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of
which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying interest expenses on the Fund’s
senior securities) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns.
The Fund currently uses leverage (whether
through
the use of senior securities or otherwise) to achieve its
investment objective, as a liquidity source to fund repurchases or for temporary and extraordinary purposes and
may consider other potential uses in the future. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which
leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including Stone Ridge’s assessment of the yield curve
environment, interest rate trends, market conditions, and other factors.
                   
Securitization Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Securitization Risk.
The Fund seeks to sell certain whole loans, and may sell other alternative lending-related
investments, to special purpose entities, sometimes referred to as securitization vehicles, formed by third parties for
the purpose of acquiring alternative lending-related investments and issuing securities. The Fund may increase the
volume and frequency of its sales as an active and reliable secondary market continues to develop over time, and a
material portion of its performance may be dependent on such sales. If the development of this market were to slow,
stop or reverse, it may adversely impact the Fund. In connection with the sale or contribution by the Fund or its
Subsidiaries of certain of its alternative lending-related investments to any such special purpose entity, the Fund or
its Subsidiaries may be required to make certain representations about the alternative lending-related investments
sold or contributed to such special purpose entity. The Fund or its Subsidiaries also may be required to indemnify
such special purpose entity, or to repurchase the alternative lending-related investments to which such
representations relate, to the extent that any such representation is found to have been inaccurate on the date that it
was made.
In making such representations, the Fund or applicable Subsidiary may rely upon certain representations and
warranties made to the Fund by the platform from which the Fund or such Subsidiary originally acquired the
relevant alternative lending-related investment. If the Fund or the applicable Subsidiary relies on any such
representations made by a platform, the Fund or such Subsidiary is expected to have a right of indemnification
from, or a right to sell the relevant alternative lending-related investment back to, such platform if such
representations by such platform are found to have been inaccurate on the date on which they were made. In the
event that the Fund or the applicable Subsidiary is required to indemnify, or to repurchase alternative
lending-related investments from, a special purpose entity as a result of a representation made by the Fund to such
special purpose entity, it is expected that the Fund or such Subsidiary will seek to recoup its losses by exercising its
rights to a similar remedy against the platform from which it purchased such alternative lending-related
investments. However, it is possible that the Fund or such Subsidiary will not be able to obtain representations from
the relevant platform that back up all representations required to be made by the Fund in connection with a
securitization, and the Fund may be unable to recoup some or all of such losses through such arrangements.
                   
Risk of Fraud [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Risk of Fraud.
The Fund may be subject
to
the risk of fraudulent activity associated with the various parties
involved in alternative lending, including the platforms, issuers, banks, borrowers and third parties handling
borrower and investor information. Prospective borrowers may materially misrepresent any of the information they
provide to the platforms, including their credit history, the existence or value of purported collateral, the purpose of
the loan, their occupation or their employment status. Platforms may not verify all of the information provided by
prospective borrowers. As discussed under “—Credit/Counterparty Risk,” the accuracy of a platform’s evaluation of
a borrower’s creditworthiness could be significantly impaired if based on flawed information. Except where a
platform is required to repurchase loans or securities or indemnify investors, fraud may adversely affect the Fund’s
ability to receive the principal and interest payments that it expects to receive on its investments and, therefore, may
negatively impact the Fund’s performance. A platform may have the exclusive right and ability to investigate claims
of borrower identity theft, which creates a conflict of interest, as platforms may be obligated to repurchase loans
and/or indemnify investors in the case of fraud and may, therefore, have an incentive to deny or fail to investigate
properly a claim of fraud. Furthermore, there can be no guarantee that the resources, technologies or fraud
prevention measures implemented by a platform will be sufficient to accurately detect and prevent fraud.
The Fund is also subject to the risk of fraudulent activity by a platform or a backup servicer. In the event that a
platform or backup servicer engages in fraudulent activity, the pools of loans originated or sourced by the platform
or any loans serviced by the platform or backup servicer may be impaired or may not be of the quality that the Fund
anticipated, thereby increasing the risk of default in respect of such loans.
                   
Below-Investment-Grade Securities and Unrated Securities Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Below-Investment-Grade Securities and Unrated Securities Risk.
The Fund may have exposure to investments
that are rated below investment grade or that are unrated but are judged by the Adviser to be of comparable quality.
The alternative lending-related securities in which the Fund invests (or, in the case of asset-backed securities or
mortgage-backed securities, the loans that back them) typically are not rated by a nationally recognized statistical
rating organization. Although the Fund’s Fundamental Investment Restrictions do not permit the Fund to invest in
loans of subprime quality, some unrated securities purchased by the Fund may be of credit quality comparable to
securities rated below investment grade by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization. In addition, the
Fund may invest in securities that are rated below investment grade. Below-investment-grade debt securities, which
are commonly called “junk bonds,” are rated below BBB- by S&P Global Ratings or Baa3 by Moody’s Investors
Service, Inc., or have comparable ratings by another rating organization. Accordingly, certain of the Fund’s unrated
investments could constitute a highly risky and speculative investment, similar to an investment in “junk bonds.” As
described under “—Credit/Counterparty Risk,” in evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers of such unrated
investments, the Adviser may rely on the ratings ascribed to such borrowers by the relevant platform. The Adviser
may also rely on reports from one or more independent vendors as part of its investment process or may create its
own internal risk model for this purpose.
The analysis of the creditworthiness of borrowers may be less reliable than for more traditional borrowings, such as
bank loans, and more complex than for issuers of higher-rated investments. The Fund’s ability to achieve its
investment objective may, as a result, be more dependent upon the platform’s credit analysis than would be the case
if the Fund had exposure to more traditional investments. In addition, such investments may be subject to greater
risks than other investments, including greater levels of risk related to changes in interest rates, credit risk
(including a greater risk of default) and liquidity risk. There is a greater risk of loss associated with alternative
lending-related securities and the ability of a borrower to make payments is predominantly speculative for
below-investment-grade investments or unrated investments judged by the Adviser to have a similar quality.
Borrowers may be in default or have a currently identifiable vulnerability to default on their payments of principal
and/or interest or other payments or may otherwise present elements of danger with respect to payments of principal
or interest. Below-investment-grade investments or unrated investments judged by the Adviser to be of comparable
quality may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry or business
conditions than higher-grade investments. Yields on below-investment-grade investments will fluctuate and may,
therefore, cause the Fund’s value to be more volatile. Certain investments of the Fund may be downgraded to
below-investment-grade status (or may be judged by the Adviser to be of comparable quality) after the Fund
purchases them.
Pursuant to the Fundamental Investment Restrictions, the Fund may not invest in loans that are of subprime quality
at the time of investment.
                   
Prepayments Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Prepayment Risk.
Borrowers may decide to prepay all or a portion of the remaining principal amount due under a
loan at any time, without penalty, unless the underlying loan agreement provides for prepayment penalties.
Prepayment reduces the yield to maturity and the average life of a loan or other security. In the event of a
prepayment of all or a portion of the remaining unpaid principal amount of a loan to which the Fund has investment
exposure, the Fund will receive such prepayment, but further interest will cease to accrue on the prepaid portion of
the loan after the date of the prepayment. If the Fund buys a security at a premium, the premium could be lost in the
event of a prepayment. In periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayments (and price fluctuation) tends to
increase as borrowers are incentivized to pay off debt and refinance at new lower rates. Borrowers may also seek to
prepay debt obligations in order to refinance at lower interest rates if their credit standing improves such that they
are eligible to borrow at a lower interest rate. During such periods, the Fund generally will be forced to reinvest the
prepayment proceeds at lower rates of return than the Fund expected to earn on the prepaid assets, provided that the
Fund is able to identify suitable reinvestment opportunities, which may adversely impact the Fund’s performance.
                   
Illiquidity Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Illiquidity Risk.
To the extent consistent with the repurchase liquidity requirement of an interval fund, the Fund
may invest without limitation in illiquid investments. Illiquidity risk is the risk that the investments held by the
Fund may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the Fund would like without significantly changing the
market value of the investment. Alternative lending-related securities, which typically are contractually
non-transferable, are not listed on any securities exchange and/or are not registered under the 1933 Act, are illiquid.
Although an active, reliable secondary market for alternative lending-related securities generally does not exist, a
secondary market for certain alternative lending-related securities is developing. However, there can be no
assurance that an active market will develop or that such a market will exist for any particular security. To the
extent that there is any secondary market for the Fund’s alternative lending-related securities, it is over-the-counter,
as opposed to exchange-traded, and may, therefore, provide less transparency; such markets may also be smaller
and less active than the market for investments that are higher-rated, which may adversely affect the prices at which
the Fund can sell its investments and may result in losses to the Fund. At any given time, the Fund’s portfolio is
substantially illiquid.
The Fund’s ability to realize full value in the event of the need to liquidate certain assets may be impaired and/or
result in losses to the Fund. The Fund may be unable to sell its investments, even under circumstances when the
Adviser believes it would be in the best interests of the Fund to do so. Illiquid investments may also be difficult to
value and their pricing may be more volatile than more liquid investments, which could adversely affect the price at
which the Fund is able to sell such instruments. Investors, like the Fund, that are acquiring or otherwise gaining
exposure to such loans and other related instruments usually must, among other things, hold the loans through
maturity in order to recoup their entire investment and during that time will be unable to make additional
investments using the capital that is put towards such investments or any proceeds on a potential sale of such
investments. Illiquidity risk also may be greater in times of financial stress. The risks associated with illiquid
instruments may be particularly acute in situations in which the Fund’s operations require cash (such as in
connection with repurchase offers) and could result in the Fund borrowing to meet its short-term needs or incurring
losses on the sale of illiquid instruments.
                   
Valuation Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Valuation Risk.
The Fund is subject
to
valuation risk, which is the risk that one or more of the securities in which
the Fund invests are priced incorrectly, due to factors such as incomplete data, market instability or human error.
The Fund typically uses a third-party pricing service to value the Fund’s investments in alternative lending-related
securities, as market quotations generally are not available. The Fund’s investments may also be fair valued by the
Adviser Valuation Committee as described under, and in accordance with the procedures described under,
“Determination of Net Asset Value” below. There is no assurance that the Fund could sell a portfolio asset for the
value established for it at any time and it is possible that the Fund would incur a loss because a portfolio asset is
sold at a discount to its established value.
If
assets are mispriced, shareholders could lose money upon sale in
connection with a periodic repurchase offer or could pay too much for Shares purchased.
                   
Competition, Ramp-up and Exposure Risks [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Competition, Ramp-up and Exposure Risks.
The market for alternative lending-related securities is highly
competitive and rapidly evolving. The Fund faces competition for access to platforms and alternative
lending-related securities, including from other institutional investors; such competitors may have higher risk
tolerance, greater financial or other resources and/or other advantages. The competitive pressures the Fund faces
may impact the Fund’s ability to make investments consistent with its investment objective. Various platforms also
compete with one other as well as with more traditional lenders, including banks with substantially greater financial
resources. If the Fund is inhibited from deploying capital in a timely or efficient manner, it may be forced to invest
in cash, cash equivalents or other assets that may result in lower returns than may otherwise be available through
alternative lending-related securities.
There can be no assurances as to how long it will take the Fund to invest the net proceeds from additional sales of
Fund Shares, and the longer the period the greater the likelihood that the Fund’s performance will be adversely
affected. Pending deployment of any incremental net proceeds from Share sales, the Fund generally invests cash
held in cash deposits and cash equivalents. The Fund typically limits the sale of its securities based on the Adviser’s
assessment of its ability to invest the proceeds in an effective and timely manner.
If the Fund’s access to platforms is limited, whether due to ramp-up, termination of existing arrangements or failure
to secure arrangements with other platforms, its exposure to the risks of the platforms to which the Fund is exposed,
as discussed under “—Platform Risk,” and the risks of increased exposure to a potentially more limited pool of
portfolio investments, may increase. Moreover, a platform may be unable to sustain its current lending model or
may change its underwriting or credit models, borrower acquisition channels, quality of debt collection procedures
and/or servicing models in ways that may make such investments unsuitable for the Fund; such changes may occur
after the Fund has already made its investments and, as most of the Fund’s alternative lending-related securities are
illiquid, the Fund may not be able to divest itself of the instruments at all or at an advantageous time or price. Even
if the Fund is exposed to a varied pool of assets, the Fund’s investment focus on alternative lending-related
securities will cause the Fund to be subject to greater overall risk than if the Fund’s exposures were less focused, as
it is exposed to events affecting the alternative lending-related industry.
Even if the Fund’s alternative lending-related securities are varied as to borrower type, geographic location, loan
purpose or other features, they may nevertheless have some similar characteristics and may, therefore, be subject to
many of the same risks and/or regulatory regimes and may respond in a similar manner to particular economic,
market, political or other developments.
                   
Geographic Focus Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Geographic Focus Risk.
The Fund will seek to build a geographically diverse portfolio, with assets currently
focused primarily in the U.S., United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. The Fund is not subject to any
geographic restrictions when investing and, therefore, could focus its investments in a particular geographic region,
whether in the U.S. or abroad. A geographic focus in a particular region may expose the Fund to an increased risk
of loss due to risks associated with that region. Certain regions from time to time will experience weaker economic
conditions than others and, consequently, will likely experience higher rates of delinquency and loss than on similar
investments across the geographic regions to which the Fund is exposed. In the event that a significant portion of
the Fund’s investments relate to loans owed by borrowers resident or operating in certain specific geographic
regions, any localized economic conditions, weather events, natural or man-made disasters or other factors affecting
those regions in particular could increase delinquency and defaults on the assets to which the Fund is exposed and
could negatively impact Fund performance. Further, any focus of the Fund’s investments in one or more regions
would have a disproportionate effect on the Fund if governmental authorities in any such region took action against
any of the participants in the alternative lending industry doing business in that region.
                   
Non-U.S. Securities Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Non-U.S. Securities Risk.
The Fund may invest in the alternative
lending
-related securities of non-U.S. issuers.
Such investments may involve risks not ordinarily associated with exposure to alternative lending-related securities
of U.S. issuers. The foreign alternative lending industry may be subject to less governmental supervision and
regulation than exists in the U.S.; conversely, foreign regulatory regimes applicable to the alternative lending
industry may be more complex and more restrictive than those in the U.S., resulting in higher costs associated with
such investments, and such regulatory regimes may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to
investors, such as the Fund. Non-U.S. platforms may not be subject to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting
standards and practices comparable to those in the U.S. Due to difference in legal systems, there may be difficulty
in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment outside the U.S. For example, bankruptcy laws may differ across the
jurisdictions in which the Fund may invest, and it may be difficult for the servicer to pursue borrowers who borrow
through non-U.S. platforms. In addition, to the extent that investments are made in a limited number of countries,
events in those countries will have a more significant impact on the Fund. The Fund’s investments in
non-U.S. securities may be subject to risks of increased transaction costs, potential delays in settlement or
unfavorable differences between the U.S. economy and foreign economies.
The Fund’s exposure to alternative lending-related securities issued by non-U.S. issuers may be subject to
withholding and other foreign taxes, which may adversely affect the net return on such investments. As described
further under “—Currency Risk,” fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls may
adversely affect the market value of the Fund’s investments in alternative lending-related securities of
non-U.S. issuers. The Fund is unlikely to be able to pass through to its shareholders foreign income tax credits in
respect of any foreign income taxes it pays.
                   
Government Securities Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Government Securities Risk.
The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in securities issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. government (including U.S. Treasury obligations that differ in their interest rates, maturities and times of
issuance) or its agencies and instrumentalities (such as the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie
Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(Freddie Mac)). U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, risks related to changes in interest rates and
credit risk. Securities, such as those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae or the U.S. Treasury, that are backed by
the full faith and credit of the United States are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal
when held to maturity and the market prices for such securities will fluctuate. Notwithstanding that these securities
are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, circumstances could arise that would prevent the
payment of interest or principal. This would result in losses to the Fund. Securities issued or guaranteed by
U.S. government related organizations, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, are not backed by the full faith and
credit of the U.S. government and no assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial
support. Therefore, U.S. government-related organizations may not have the funds to meet their payment
obligations in the future. As a result of their high credit quality and market liquidity, U.S. Government securities
generally provide a lower current return than obligations of other issuers.
                   
Currency Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Currency Risk. The Fund’s Shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund are paid
in U.S. dollars. However, a portion of the Fund’s assets may be denominated in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies
and income received by the Fund from a portion of its investments may be paid in foreign currencies.
Currency risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will adversely affect the market value of the Fund’s
investments. Currency risk includes the risk that the foreign currencies in which the Fund’s investments are traded,
in which the Fund receives income or in which the Fund has taken a position, will decline in value relative to the
U.S. dollar. Currency risk also includes the risk that a currency to which the Fund has obtained exposure through
hedging declines in value relative to the currency being hedged, in which event the Fund may realize a loss both on
the hedging instrument and on the currency being hedged. There can be no assurances or guarantees that any efforts
the Fund makes to hedge exposure to foreign exchange rate risks that arise as a result of its investments will
successfully hedge against such risks or that adequate hedging arrangements will be available on an economically
viable basis, and in some cases, hedging arrangements may result in additional costs being incurred or losses being
greater than if hedging had not been used. Currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly for many reasons.
Derivative transactions in foreign currencies (such as futures, forwards, options and swaps) may involve leverage
risk in addition to currency risk.
In purchasing or selling local currency to fund trades denominated in that currency, the Fund is exposed to the risk
that the value of the foreign currency will increase or decrease, which may impact the value of the Fund’s
investments in foreign currencies, securities denominated in foreign currencies, derivatives that provide exposure to
foreign currencies and the Fund’s income available for distribution. Some countries have and may continue to adopt
internal economic policies that affect their currency valuations in a manner that may be disadvantageous for
U.S. investors or U.S. companies seeking to do business in those countries. For example, a foreign government may
unilaterally devalue its currency against other currencies, which typically would have the effect of reducing the
U.S. dollar value of investments denominated in that currency. In addition, a country may impose formal or
informal currency exchange controls. These controls may restrict or prohibit the Fund’s ability to repatriate both
investment capital and income, which could undermine the value and liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and
potentially place the Fund’s assets at risk of total loss. As a result, if the exchange rate for any such currency
declines after the Fund’s income has been earned and converted into U.S. dollars but before payment to
shareholders, the Fund could be required to liquidate portfolio investments to make such distributions. Similarly, if
the Fund incurs an expense in U.S. dollars and the exchange rate declines before the expense is paid, the Fund
would have to convert a greater
amount
to U.S. dollars to pay for the expense at that time than it would have had to
convert at the time the Fund incurred the expense.
                   
Risk of Investments in Other Pooled Investment Vehicles [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Risk of Investments in Other Pooled Investment Vehicles.
Investing in another pooled investment vehicle,
including securitization vehicles that issue asset-backed securities, including mortgage-backed securities, exposes
the Fund to all of the risks of that vehicle’s investments. The Fund bears its pro rata share of the expenses of any
such vehicle, in addition to its own expenses. The values of other pooled investment vehicles are subject to change
as the values of their respective component assets fluctuate. To the extent the Fund invests in managed pooled
investment vehicles, the performance of the Fund’s investments in such vehicles will be dependent upon the
investment and research abilities of persons other than the Adviser. The securities offered by such vehicles typically
are not registered under the securities laws because they are offered in transactions that are exempt from
registration.
                   
Market Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Market Risk.
The value of the Fund’s investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general
economic conditions that are not specifically related to a particular issuer or borrower, such as real or perceived
adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, inflation, changes in interest or currency rates or
adverse investor sentiment generally. The value of the Fund’s investments also may decline because of factors that
affect a particular industry or industries. These risks may be particularly acute for the Fund, as alternative lending is
a new and evolving industry. Additionally, the Fund’s performance may be negatively impacted by current market
factors such as military conflicts abroad, global supply chain issues and inflation.
                   
Volatility Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Volatility Risk.
The market value of the alternative lending-related securities to which the Fund has exposure may
increase or decrease, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, based upon changes in an issuer’s financial condition
and/or overall market and economic conditions. Because many of the Fund’s investments may be illiquid and/or
below investment grade (or unrated, but of a similar quality), the Fund may be subject to increased volatility risk. In
addition, the Fund’s use of leverage increases the volatility of the Fund’s value.
                   
Management and Operational Risk; Cyber-Security Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Management and Operational Risk; Cyber-Security Risk.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it
relies on the Adviser’s ability to achieve its investment objective. The Fund runs the risk that the Adviser’s
investment techniques will fail to produce desired results and cause the Fund to incur significant losses. The
Adviser may select investments that do not perform as anticipated by the Adviser, may choose to hedge or not to
hedge positions at disadvantageous times and may fail to use derivatives effectively.
Any imperfections, errors, or limitations in quantitative analyses and models used by the Adviser as part of its
investment process could affect the Fund’s performance. Models that appear to explain prior market data can fail to
predict future market events. Further, the data used in models may be inaccurate or may not include the most recent
information about a company or a security.
The Fund is also subject to the risk of loss as a result of other services provided by the Adviser and other service
providers, including pricing, administrative, accounting, tax, legal, custody, transfer agency and other services.
Operational risk includes the possibility of loss caused by inadequate procedures and controls, human error and
cyber attacks, disruptions and failures affecting, or by, a service provider. For example, trading delays or errors
(both human and systematic) could prevent the Fund from benefiting from potential investment gains or avoiding
losses.
The Fund and its service providers’ use of internet, technology and information systems may expose the Fund to
potential risks linked to cyber-security breaches of those technological or information systems. Cyber-security
breaches could allow unauthorized parties to gain access to proprietary information, customer data or Fund assets,
or cause the Fund or its service providers to suffer data corruption or lose operational functionality. With the
increased use of technology, mobile devices and cloud-based service offerings and the dependence on the internet
and computer systems to perform necessary business functions, investment companies (such as the Fund) and their
service providers (including the Adviser) may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from
cyber attacks and/or other technological malfunctions. In general, cyber attacks are deliberate, but unintentional
events may have similar effects. Cyber attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online
or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, ransomware, releasing
confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Successful cyber attacks against,
or security breakdowns of, the Fund, the Adviser, or the custodian, transfer agent, or other third-party service
provider may adversely affect the Fund or its shareholders. For instance, cyber attacks may interfere with the
processing of shareholder transactions, interfere with quantitative models, affect the Fund’s ability to calculate its
NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause
reputational damage, result in theft of Fund assets, and subject the Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial
losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Similar types of cyber-security
risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, such issuers’ counterparties or the
alternative-lending platforms from which the Fund purchases alternative lending-related securities, which could
result in material adverse consequences for such issuers or market participants, and could cause the Fund’s
investment in such securities to lose value. While the Adviser has established business continuity plans and systems
that it believes are reasonably designed to prevent cyber attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and
systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been, or cannot be, identified. Service providers may
have limited indemnification obligations to the Adviser or the Fund, each of whom could be negatively impacted as
a result.
                   
Alternative Lending Platform Operational and Technology Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Alternative Lending Platform Operational and Technology Risk.
Alternative lending-related securities are
typically originated and/or documented in electronic form and there are ordinarily no tangible written documents
evidencing such loans or any payments owed thereon. In addition, the Fund depends on electronic systems
maintained by the custodian and the alternative lending platforms or their affiliates or service providers to maintain
records, evidence ownership of the Fund’s investments and of the collateral securing certain loans the Fund may
have exposure to, appropriately safeguard such investments and collateral, service and administer such investments
and manage collateral, if any. This means the Fund is vulnerable to the risks associated with such electronic
systems, including, among others: power loss, computer systems failures and internet, telecommunications or data
network failures; operator negligence or improper operation by, or supervision of, employees; physical and
electronic loss of data or security breaches, misappropriation and similar events; computer viruses; cyber attacks,
intentional acts of vandalism and similar events; and hurricanes, fires, floods and other natural disasters.
In addition, alternative lending platforms rely on software that is highly technical and complex and depend on the
ability of such software to store, retrieve, process and manage immense amounts of data. Such software may
contain errors or flaws. Some errors may only be discovered after the code has been released for external or internal
use. Errors or other design defects within the software on which a platform relies may result in a negative
experience for borrowers who use the platform, delay introductions of new features or enhancements, result in
errors or compromise the platform’s ability to protect borrower or investor data or its own intellectual property. Any
errors, flaws or defects discovered in the software on which a platform relies could negatively impact operations of
the platform and the ability of the platform to perform its obligations with respect to the loans or collateral
associated with the platform. The electronic systems on which platforms rely may be subject to cyber attacks that
could result, among other things, in data breaches, the release of confidential information and lost collateral and
thus expose the platform to significant liability. A security breach could also irreparably damage a platform’s
reputation and thus its ability to continue to operate its business.
In addition, despite any security measures established to safeguard the information in these systems, the highly
automated nature of a platform or other service provider involved in the alternative lending process and of the
digital nature of certain forms of non-traditional collateral may make it an attractive target and potentially more
vulnerable to cyber attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins, employee error, malfeasance and
similar disruptions, which could negatively affect the Fund. If a platform or other service provider were unable to
prevent such malicious activity, the breach could compromise the systems and result in the theft, loss or public
dissemination of collateral or the information stored therein. As a result, the platform or other service provider or a
borrower could suffer, among other things, financial loss, the disruption of its business, liability to third parties,
regulatory intervention, the loss of collateral or reputational damage and the platform’s or other service provider’s
ability to fulfill its servicing or other obligations would be adversely affected, which may adversely affect the Fund.
Because techniques used to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to systems change frequently and generally are
not recognized until they are launched against a target, the platforms or other service providers may be unable to
anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, certain legal or regulatory
provisions may require companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving their personal data. If
security measures are breached because of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, or if design
flaws in software are exposed and exploited, relationships with borrowers and investors could be severely damaged.
Any failure of the systems technology on which the Fund relies, or other similar issues, could have a material
adverse effect on the ability of the Fund to acquire, monitor or otherwise transact in alternative lending-related
securities and, therefore, may impact the performance of the Fund.
A platform may rely on data centers or third-party service providers or vendors to deliver its services or maintain
custody of certain forms of collateral. Any disruption of the businesses of such third parties, which may be subject
to all of the foregoing risks, could similarly impede the platform’s business and operations or could interrupt or
delay a platform’s ability to deliver on its obligations. As described in “—Risks Relating to Collateral or
Guarantees” above, there are operational risks relating to collateral held by a custodian, which may be the
alternative lending platform, a custodial agent and/or the borrower.
These potential risks may cause a decrease in the amount of loans acquired by the platforms, which may directly
affect the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective. The potential for security breaches may also
adversely affect the Fund due to its reputational impact on the platforms and wider effect on the alternative lending
industry as a whole. Any of the foregoing failures or disruptions could have a material adverse effect on the
performance of the Fund.
                   
Derivatives Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Derivatives Risk.
The Fund may invest in a variety of derivatives, including futures contracts, forward contracts,
swaps and other exchange-traded and over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives contracts. The use of derivatives
involves risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing directly in securities and
other more traditional assets. Derivatives are financial contracts the value of which depends on, or is derived from,
an asset or other underlying reference. Derivatives involve the risk that changes in their value may not move as
expected relative to changes in the value of the underlying investment they are designed to track. The Fund may
invest in derivatives for investment purposes and for hedging and risk management purposes. Derivatives risk may
be more significant when derivatives are used to enhance return or as a substitute for a cash investment option,
rather than solely to hedge the risk of a position held by the Fund. See the Statement of Additional Information for
additional information of the various types and uses of derivatives in the Fund’s strategies.
OTC derivatives are not traded on exchanges or standardized; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in these
markets negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. There have been periods during which certain banks or
dealers have refused to quote prices for OTC derivatives contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide
spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell. There is
no limitation on the daily price movements of OTC derivatives. Principals in the OTC derivatives markets have no
obligation to continue to make markets in the OTC derivatives traded.
The Fund’s use of OTC derivatives exposes it to the risk that the counterparties will be unable or unwilling to make
timely settlement payments or otherwise honor their obligations. An OTC derivatives contract typically can be
closed only with the consent of the other party to the contract. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will still have
contractual remedies but may not be able to enforce them. In addition, in the event of a counterparty bankruptcy, the
Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or
other reorganization proceeding or may obtain a limited or no recovery of amounts due to it under the derivative
contract, including the return of any collateral that has been provided to the counterparty. Because the contract for
each OTC derivative is individually negotiated, the counterparty may interpret contractual terms differently than the
Fund and, if it does, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty to avoid incurring the
cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be unable to obtain payments the Adviser
believes are owed to it under OTC derivatives contracts, or those payments may be delayed or made only after the
Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
Derivatives also present other risks described herein, including market risk, illiquidity risk, currency risk and
credit/counterparty risk. OTC derivatives are generally highly illiquid. Many derivatives, in particular OTC
derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of
mispricing or improper valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the
values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an OTC derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the
Fund enters into OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the value of those derivatives in some cases is
determined only by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. As a result, incorrect valuations
may result in increased cash payments to counterparties, undercollateralization and/or errors in the calculation of
the Fund’s NAV.
The Fund’s use of derivatives may not be effective or have the desired results. Moreover, suitable derivatives will
not be available in all circumstances. The Adviser may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce
the Fund’s risk exposures, potentially resulting in losses for the Fund.
Derivatives in which the Fund may invest may have embedded leverage (i.e., a notional value in excess of the
assets needed to establish and/or maintain the derivative position). As a result, adverse changes in the value or level
of the underlying investment may result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative
itself. See “Borrowing and Leverage Risk” above.
The Fund’s use of derivatives may be subject to special tax rules, which are in some cases uncertain under current
law and could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. See “Distributions and
U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters” below.
The Fund may invest in derivatives that (i) do not require the counterparty to post collateral (e.g., foreign currency
forwards), (ii) require a counterparty to post collateral but do not provide for the Fund’s security interest in it to be
perfected, (iii) require a significant upfront deposit by the Fund unrelated to the derivative’s intrinsic value or (iv)
do not require that collateral be regularly marked-to-market. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured
by collateral, the Fund runs the risk of having limited recourse if the counterparty defaults. Even when obligations
are required by contract to be collateralized, the Fund often will not receive the collateral the day the collateral is
required to be posted. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by a perfected security interest in
collateral, the Fund runs a greater risk of not being able to recover what it is owed if the counterparty defaults
because it is essentially an unsecured creditor of the counterparty. Also, in the event of a counterparty’s (or its
affiliate’s) insolvency, the possibility exists that the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of
transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under new special
resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the European Union and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes
provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing
financial difficulty. In particular, the regulatory authorities could reduce, eliminate, or convert to equity the
liabilities to the Fund of a counterparty who is subject to such proceedings in the European Union (sometimes
referred to as a “bail in”).
The Fund may invest in derivatives with a limited number of counterparties and events affecting the
creditworthiness of any of those counterparties may have a pronounced effect on the Fund. The Fund may be
required to provide more margin for its derivatives investments during periods of market disruptions or stress.
Rule 18f-4 provides for the regulation of a registered investment company’s use of derivatives and certain related
instruments. As required by Rule 18f-4, the Fund will adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program
to govern its use of derivatives and will appoint a derivatives risk manager who conducts periodic reviews of the
program prior to relying on Rule 18f-4. The Fund’s derivatives risk management program will include policies and
procedures that are reasonably designed to manage the Fund’s derivatives risks. In accordance with Rule 18f-4,
most investments or trading practices that involve contractual obligations to pay in the future described above under
“Borrowing and Leverage” are considered to be derivatives, and the Fund’s derivatives exposure (including its use
of reverse repurchase agreements, which the Fund has elected to treat as derivatives under Rule 18f-4) will be
limited through a value-at-risk (“VaR”) test. Rule 18f-4 may restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in certain
derivatives transactions and/or increase the costs of such derivatives transactions, which may adversely affect the
value of the Fund’s investments and/or performance of the Fund.
Specific risks involved in the use of certain types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest include:
Futures Risk.
A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in
the futures contract. There can be no guarantee that there will be a correlation between price movements in the
futures and in the underlying reference asset positions underlying the futures contract. Futures exchanges may
limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the
daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day
at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and
therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may work to prevent the liquidation of unfavorable
positions. Futures prices have occasionally moved beyond the daily limits for several consecutive days with
little or no trading. There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to
close out a futures contract, and the Fund would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the
position is closed. If the Fund were to borrow money to use for trading purposes, the effects of such leverage
would be magnified. Cash posted as margin in connection with the Fund’s futures contracts will not be
available to the Fund for investment or other purposes. In addition, the Fund’s futures broker may limit the
Fund’s ability to invest in certain futures contracts. Such restrictions may adversely affect the Fund’s
performance and its ability to achieve its investment objective. In connection with futures contracts and
options on futures contracts, the Fund (directly or through a Subsidiary) typically posts margin directly to the
FCM, who is expected typically to rehypothecate the margin to an exchange or clearinghouse. Prior to
rehypothecation, such margin may be held by the FCM in commingled accounts with margin from other clients
of the FCM. The margin maintained by the FCM is not subject to the regulatory protections provided by bank
custody arrangements. If margin is posted to the FCM and rehypothecated, neither the Fund nor the FCM to
whom the margin was posted will have custody of the margin. If margin posted by the Fund is not maintained
with the Fund's custodian, the Fund is fully exposed to the fraud and unsecured credit risk of the FCM to
whom the margin is posted.
The CFTC and certain exchanges have established (and continue to evaluate and revise) limits, referred to as
“position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions that any person or entity may hold or control
in particular futures and options contracts (and certain related swap positions). Unless an exemption applies,
all positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, must be
aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded. Thus, even
if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that positions held by different
clients managed by the Adviser and its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. Therefore, the trading
decisions of the Adviser may have to be modified or positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in
order to avoid exceeding such limits. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open
positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund. A violation of position limits could
also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to the Fund’s investment strategy.
Forwards Risk.
Forward contracts are subject to some of the same risks as futures described above. However,
forwards are not traded on exchanges and are not standardized; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in
these markets negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. Trading in forward contracts is generally
unregulated. There is no limitation on the daily price movements of forward contracts. Principals in the
forward markets have no obligation to continue to make markets in the forward contracts traded. There have
been periods during which certain banks or dealers have refused to quote prices for forward contracts or have
quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and that at
which they are prepared to sell. Disruptions can occur in the forward markets because of unusually high
trading volume, political intervention or other factors. For example, the imposition of credit controls by
governmental authorities might limit forward trading, to the possible detriment of the Fund.
Swaps Risk.
The use of swaps involves investment techniques and risks that are different from those associated
with portfolio security transactions. These instruments typically are not traded on exchanges; under recently
adopted rules and regulations, however, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and
credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared (“cleared
swaps”). For OTC swaps, there is a risk that the other party to certain of these instruments will not perform its
obligations to the Fund or that the Fund may be unable to enter into offsetting positions to terminate its
exposure or liquidate its position under certain of these instruments when it wishes to do so. Such occurrences
could result in losses to the Fund. For cleared swaps, the Fund’s counterparty is a clearinghouse rather than a
bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of the clearinghouses and only members of a clearinghouse
(“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearinghouse, the Fund holds cleared swaps through
accounts at clearing members. In cleared swaps, the Fund makes payments (including margin payments) to and
receives payments from a clearinghouse through its account at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee
performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearinghouse.
In some ways, cleared swap arrangements are less favorable to funds than bilateral arrangements. For example,
the Fund may be required to provide more margin for cleared swaps positions than for bilateral derivatives
positions. Also, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives position, following a period of notice to the Fund, a
clearing member generally can require termination of an existing cleared swap position at any time or an
increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a
transaction. Clearinghouses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing positions or to
terminate those positions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared
derivatives positions by the clearing member or the clearinghouse could interfere with the ability of the Fund
to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could
expose the Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member because margin for cleared swaps positions in
excess of a clearinghouse’s margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Credit risk of
market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is concentrated in a few
clearinghouses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearinghouse would be conducted and
what impact an insolvency of a clearinghouse would have on the financial system. The Fund might not be fully
protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to
recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held by the clearing member on behalf of customers for cleared
derivatives. Although a clearing member is required to segregate assets from customers with respect to cleared
derivatives positions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets, if a clearing member does not comply
with the applicable regulations, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing
member, the Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with
respect to the assets held by the clearing member.
Also, the Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that
the Adviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the
Fund’s behalf. In those cases, the position might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of
the benefit of the position, including loss of an increase in the value of the position and loss of hedging
protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and clearing members
is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives
documentation.
Additionally, some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap
execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can
execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this
execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market,
trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap
execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility
through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may be required to
indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap
execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the
Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility.
The U.S. government and the European Union have adopted mandatory minimum margin requirements for
bilateral derivatives. As a general matter, under such requirements, the Fund’s transactions are subject to
variation margin requirements and, depending on the aggregate notional value of bilateral derivatives entered
into by the Fund, initial margin requirements may apply in the near future. Such requirements could increase
the amount of margin the Fund needs to provide in connection with its derivatives transactions and, therefore,
make derivatives transactions more expensive.
These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Fund’s ability to
engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of
derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements or otherwise limiting
liquidity or increasing transaction costs. Certain aspects of these regulations are still being implemented, so
their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system is not yet known. While the regulations and central
clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the
interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges
simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above,
central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of costs and risks.
Swap agreements may be subject to contractual restrictions on transferability and termination and they may
have terms of greater than seven days. The Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily
(offset against any amounts owed to the Fund under the swap).
                   
Subsidiary Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Subsidiary Risk.
By investing through its Subsidiaries,
the
Fund is exposed to the risks associated with the
Subsidiaries' investments. The investments that may be held by a Subsidiary are generally similar to those that are
permitted to be held by the Fund and are subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly
by the Fund. Subsidiaries are not registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act and are not subject to all
of the investor protections of the 1940 Act, although each Subsidiary is managed pursuant to the compliance
policies and procedures of the Fund applicable to it. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the jurisdiction
in which a Subsidiary is organized
could
result in the inability of the Fund and/or such Subsidiary to operate as
described in this prospectus and could adversely affect the Fund
                   
Short Sale Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Short Sale Risk.
Short sales are transactions in which the Fund sells an asset it does not own to a third party by
paying a premium to borrow the asset in anticipation of purchasing the same asset at the market price on a later date
to close out the short position. The Fund may incur a loss if the market price of the asset underlying the short sale
increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund must replace the borrowed asset or
otherwise close out the transaction and such loss may exceed the initial investment. Under adverse market
conditions, the Fund may have difficulty purchasing an asset to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and may
have to sell portfolio assets to raise sufficient capital to fulfill its short sale obligations at a disadvantageous time.
Entering into short sales where the Fund does not own the underlying asset creates a form of investment leverage,
which can magnify the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the asset. Because the Fund may enter into short
sales with respect to assets that it does not already own, the loss to the Fund from a short sale is theoretically
unlimited, as the potential increase in the market price of the asset is unlimited. The amount of any gain will be
decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of the premium, dividends, interest, or expenses the
Fund may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able
to close out a short sales position at an advantageous time or price. To the extent that the Fund enters into short
sales for hedging purposes, there can be no guarantee that the investment will be effective; any lack of correlation
between the assets used in the short position and the exposure the Fund sought to hedge could result in losses.
                   
Small and Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Small and Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk.
The Fund may gain exposure to the securities of small
capitalization companies, mid-capitalization companies, recently organized companies and derivative instruments
related to those securities. For example, the Fund may invest in equity or debt securities of companies in or related
to the alternative lending industry or may gain exposure to the borrowings of such issuers facilitated through an
alternative lending platform. Historically, such securities, and particularly securities of smaller capitalization
companies, have been more volatile in price than those of larger capitalized, more established companies. Many of
the risks that apply to small capitalization companies apply equally to mid-capitalization companies, and such
companies are included in the term “small capitalization companies” for the purposes of this risk factor. The
securities of small capitalization and recently organized companies pose greater investment risks because such
companies may have limited product lines, distribution channels and financial and managerial resources. In
particular, small capitalization companies may be operating at a loss or have significant variations in operating
results; may be engaged in a rapidly changing business with products subject to substantial risk of obsolescence;
may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their
competitive position; and may have substantial borrowings or may otherwise have a weak financial condition. In
addition, these companies may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater
financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing, and other capabilities and a larger
number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. The equity securities of alternative lending platforms or
other issuers in this industry that are small capitalization companies are often traded over the counter or on regional
exchanges and may not be traded in the volumes typical on a national securities exchange. Consequently, the Fund
or entities in which the Fund obtains exposure may be required to dispose of such securities or remain in a short
position over a longer (and potentially less favorable) period of time than is required to dispose of or close out of a
short position with respect to the securities of larger, more established companies. Investments in equity or debt
instruments issued by small capitalization companies may also be more difficult to value than other types of
securities because of the foregoing considerations as well as, if applicable, lower trading volumes. Investments in
companies with limited or no operating histories are more speculative and entail greater risk than do investments in
companies with an established operating record.
                   
Tax Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Tax Risk.
The Fund has elected to be
treated
as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of
Chapter 1 of the
Code
and intends each year to qualify and to be eligible to be treated as such. In order to qualify
for such treatment, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income,
meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment
company taxable income for each taxable year. The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its
intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments under one or
more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future
guidance by the
Internal Revenue Service (“
IRS
”)
or a change in law might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for
such treatment.
If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code for any reason, and were not
able to cure such failure, the Fund would be treated as a “C corporation” under the Code and, as such, would be
subject to tax on its taxable
income
at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any
distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as
dividends.
                   
Repurchase Offers Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Repurchase Offers Risk.
As described under “Periodic Repurchase Offers” below, the Fund is an “interval fund.”
In order to provide liquidity to shareholders, the Fund, subject to applicable law, conducts quarterly repurchase
offers of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at NAV, subject to approval of the Board. In all cases such repurchase offers
will be for at least 5% and not more than 25%, of its outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the
1940 Act. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to the Fund’s shareholders, and
repurchases generally are funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities, which are substantially illiquid.
However, repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may affect the ability of the Fund to be
fully invested or may force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may
harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may
result in untimely sales of portfolio securities (with associated imputed transaction costs, which may be significant),
and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment
objective. In compliance with its procedures, the Fund, to the extent possible, holds at least 5% of net assets in cash
or other liquid assets at all times in order to meet its repurchase obligations. The Fund may accumulate cash by
holding back (i.e., not reinvesting) payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments. The Fund believes
that payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments will generate sufficient cash to meet the
maximum potential amount of the Fund’s repurchase obligations. If at any time cash and other liquid assets held by
the Fund are not sufficient to meet the Fund’s repurchase obligations, the Fund intends, if necessary, to sell
investments. Although the Fund’s investments are illiquid and the secondary market for its investments is limited,
the Fund believes that it would be able to find willing buyers for investments if such sales were ever necessary to
supplement such cash generated by payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments. Because the
Fund employs investment leverage, repurchases of Shares compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining
market. In addition, if the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect
shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing the Fund’s expenses and reducing any net investment
income. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis,
and shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result,
shareholders may be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular
repurchase offer. Some shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have
repurchased in a particular quarter, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. A shareholder may be
subject to market and other risks, and the NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may decline between the
Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV for tendered Shares is determined. In addition, the
repurchase of Shares by the Fund may be a taxable event to shareholders.
                   
Portfolio Turnover [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Portfolio Turnover.
A change in the securities held by the Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” If the Fund
realizes profits or gains when it sells investments, it generally must pay those profits or gains to shareholders,
increasing its taxable distributions, which generally are taxable as ordinary income to shareholders. Increased
portfolio turnover may also result in higher brokerage fees or other transaction costs, which can reduce the Fund’s
performance. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should the Adviser deem it advisable to purchase or
sell securities.
                   
Temporary Defensive and Interim Investments [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Temporary Defensive and Interim Investments.
For temporary defensive purposes in times of adverse or
unstable market, economic or political conditions, the Fund can invest up to 100% of its assets in investments that
may be inconsistent with its principal investment strategies. Generally, the Fund would invest in money market
instruments or in other short-term U.S. or non-U.S. government securities. The Fund might also hold these types of
securities as interim investments pending the investment of proceeds from the sale of its Shares or the sale of its
portfolio securities or to meet anticipated repurchases of its Shares. To the extent the Fund invests in these
securities, it might not achieve its investment
objective
.
                   
Anti-Takeover Provisions [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Anti-Takeover Provisions.
The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, together with any amendments thereto,
includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert
the Fund to open-end status.
                   
Interest Rate Risk [Member]                      
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                      
Risk [Text Block]
Interest Rate Risk.
The values of
the
Fund’s investments in income-producing alternative lending-related securities
(such as whole loans, other debt instruments, preferred securities and convertible securities) and debt securities
issued by REITs change in response to interest rate changes. In general, the value of a debt security is likely to fall
as interest rates rise. This risk is generally greater for obligations with longer maturities or for debt securities that do
not pay current interest. Debt securities with floating interest rates can be less sensitive to interest rate changes,
although, to the extent the Fund’s income is based on short-term interest rates that fluctuate over short periods of
time, income received by the Fund may decrease as a result of a decline in interest rates; floating rate loans can also
decrease in value if their interest rates do not rise as quickly or as much as market interest rates. Conversely,
variable rate instruments generally will not increase in value if interest rates decline. When interest rates increase or
for other reasons, debt securities may be repaid more slowly than expected. As a result, the maturity of the debt
instrument may be extended, increasing the potential for loss.
Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result. A wide variety of
factors can cause interest rates to fluctuate (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic
conditions and market developments), and debt securities may be difficult to value during such periods. The Federal
Reserve has recently increased interest rates from historically low levels in light of higher inflation and may
continue to do so. Any additional interest rate increases in the future could have an adverse effect on prices for debt
securities, overall economic activity, the financial condition of borrowers, the supply of alternative lending-related
securities and on the management of the Fund, which could cause the value the Fund to decline.
                   
Business Contact [Member]                      
Cover [Abstract]                      
Entity Address, Address Line One ONE VANDERBILT AVENUE                    
Entity Address, Address Line Two 65TH FLOOR                    
Entity Address, City or Town NEW YORK                    
Entity Address, State or Province NY                    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 10017                    
Contact Personnel Name STONE RIDGE TRUST V                    
Common Shares [Member]                      
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]                      
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Common Shares                    
Outstanding Security, Authorized [Shares]                    
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] 0                    
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] 28,880,580                    
[1] Reflects interest expenses paid on borrowings and the Fund’s use of leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements. “Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds” are based on actual amounts incurred during the Fund’s prior fiscal year and are annualized.
[2] Distribution and/or Services Fees include a 0.05% fee paid pursuant to a distribution and servicing plan adopted by the Fund, a 0.05% fee paid pursuant to a services agreement between the Fund and the Adviser and 0.02% of intermediary fees borne by the Fund. See “Intermediary and Servicing Arrangements.”
[3] The Fund is responsible for its operating expenses, including its organization expenses, which are expensed as incurred and are subject to the expense limitation agreement described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, from April 17, 2026 through June 30, 2027, the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and/or pay or otherwise bear operating and other expenses of the Fund (including offering expenses, but excluding brokerage and transactional expenses; borrowing and other investment-related costs and fees including interest payments on borrowed funds, loan servicing fees, loan collection and administration fees and expenses, interest and commitment fees; short dividend expense; acquired fund fees and expenses; taxes; litigation and indemnification expenses; judgments; and extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business (collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”)) solely to the extent necessary to limit the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses, other than Excluded Expenses, to 2.30% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. The Adviser shall be entitled to recoup in later periods expenses that the Adviser has paid or otherwise borne (whether through reduction of its management fee or otherwise) to the extent that the expenses for the Fund (including offering expenses, but excluding Excluded Expenses) after such recoupment do not exceed the lower of (i) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the actual waiver/reimbursement and (ii) the annual expense limitation rate in effect at the time of the recoupment; provided, that the Adviser shall not be permitted to recoup any such fees or expenses beyond three years from the end of the month in which such fee was reduced or such expense was reimbursed. The expense limitation agreement may only be modified by a majority vote of the trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund (as defined by 1940 Act) and the consent of the Adviser.
[4] The Fund commenced operations on May 23, 2016.
[5] Represents value of total assets less all liabilities not represented by senior securities at the end of the period divided by senior security principal outstanding at the end of the period.