<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019e69a0-196c-73f5-a940-432947b2e75a,g:47f64b35-08cf-4ed8-89bb-b1e6db1352f5-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:mtz="http://www.mastec.com/20260626" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.mastec.com/20260626">
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap-ebp/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/ebp/elts/us-gaap-ebp-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mtz-20260626_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mtz-20260626_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mtz-20260626_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="mtz-20260626_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType id="Cover" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/Cover">
        <link:definition>0000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StatementsofNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/StatementsofNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits">
        <link:definition>0000002 - Statement - Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StatementofChangesinNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/StatementofChangesinNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits">
        <link:definition>0000003 - Statement - Statement of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DESCRIPTIONOFPLAN" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/DESCRIPTIONOFPLAN">
        <link:definition>0000004 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF PLAN</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SUMMARYOFSIGNIFICANTACCOUNTINGPOLICIES" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SUMMARYOFSIGNIFICANTACCOUNTINGPOLICIES">
        <link:definition>0000005 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENT" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENT">
        <link:definition>0000006 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="TAXSTATUS" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/TAXSTATUS">
        <link:definition>0000007 - Disclosure - TAX STATUS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RISKSANDUNCERTAINTIES" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/RISKSANDUNCERTAINTIES">
        <link:definition>0000008 - Disclosure - RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RELATEDPARTYTRANSACTIONSANDPARTYININTERESTTRANSACTIONS" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/RELATEDPARTYTRANSACTIONSANDPARTYININTERESTTRANSACTIONS">
        <link:definition>0000009 - Disclosure - RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND PARTY-IN-INTEREST TRANSACTIONS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PLANTERMINATION" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/PLANTERMINATION">
        <link:definition>0000010 - Disclosure - PLAN TERMINATION</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NONEXEMPTTRANSACTIONS" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/NONEXEMPTTRANSACTIONS">
        <link:definition>0000011 - Disclosure - NON-EXEMPT TRANSACTIONS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SUBSEQUENTEVENTS" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SUBSEQUENTEVENTS">
        <link:definition>0000012 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SCHEDULEHLINE4aSCHEDULEOFDELINQUENTDEPOSITSOFPARTICIPANTCONTRIBUTIONS" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SCHEDULEHLINE4aSCHEDULEOFDELINQUENTDEPOSITSOFPARTICIPANTCONTRIBUTIONS">
        <link:definition>0000013 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE H, LINE 4a- SCHEDULE OF DELINQUENT DEPOSITS OF PARTICIPANT CONTRIBUTIONS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SCHEDULEHLINE4iSCHEDULEOFASSETSHELDATENDOFYEAR" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SCHEDULEHLINE4iSCHEDULEOFASSETSHELDATENDOFYEAR">
        <link:definition>0000014 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE H, LINE 4i- SCHEDULE OF ASSETS (HELD AT END OF YEAR)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SUMMARYOFSIGNIFICANTACCOUNTINGPOLICIESPolicies" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SUMMARYOFSIGNIFICANTACCOUNTINGPOLICIESPolicies">
        <link:definition>0000015 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="EmployeeBenefitPlanDescriptionofPlanTables" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/EmployeeBenefitPlanDescriptionofPlanTables">
        <link:definition>0000016 - Disclosure - Employee Benefit Plan, Description of Plan (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTTables" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTTables">
        <link:definition>0000017 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DESCRIPTIONOFPLANNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/DESCRIPTIONOFPLANNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>0000018 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF PLAN - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DESCRIPTIONOFPLANVestingDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/DESCRIPTIONOFPLANVestingDetails">
        <link:definition>0000019 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF PLAN - Vesting (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SUMMARYOFSIGNIFICANTACCOUNTINGPOLICIESDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SUMMARYOFSIGNIFICANTACCOUNTINGPOLICIESDetails">
        <link:definition>0000020 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTFairValueHierarchyIndividualInvestmentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTFairValueHierarchyIndividualInvestmentsDetails">
        <link:definition>0000021 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT - Fair Value Hierarchy Individual Investments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RELATEDPARTYTRANSACTIONSANDPARTYININTERESTTRANSACTIONSDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/RELATEDPARTYTRANSACTIONSANDPARTYININTERESTTRANSACTIONSDetails">
        <link:definition>0000022 - Disclosure - RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND PARTY-IN-INTEREST TRANSACTIONS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PLANTERMINATIONDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/PLANTERMINATIONDetails">
        <link:definition>0000023 - Disclosure - PLAN TERMINATION (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NONEXEMPTTRANSACTIONSDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/NONEXEMPTTRANSACTIONSDetails">
        <link:definition>0000024 - Disclosure - NON-EXEMPT TRANSACTIONS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SCHEDULEHLINE4aSCHEDULEOFDELINQUENTDEPOSITSOFPARTICIPANTCONTRIBUTIONSDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SCHEDULEHLINE4aSCHEDULEOFDELINQUENTDEPOSITSOFPARTICIPANTCONTRIBUTIONSDetails">
        <link:definition>0000025 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE H, LINE 4a- SCHEDULE OF DELINQUENT DEPOSITS OF PARTICIPANT CONTRIBUTIONS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SCHEDULEHLINE4iSCHEDULEOFASSETSHELDATENDOFYEARDetails" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SCHEDULEHLINE4iSCHEDULEOFASSETSHELDATENDOFYEARDetails">
        <link:definition>0000026 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE H, LINE 4i- SCHEDULE OF ASSETS (HELD AT END OF YEAR) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SCHEDULEHLINE4iSCHEDULEOFASSETSHELDATENDOFYEARDetails_1" roleURI="http://www.mastec.com/role/SCHEDULEHLINE4iSCHEDULEOFASSETSHELDATENDOFYEARDetails_1">
        <link:definition>0000026 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE H, LINE 4i- SCHEDULE OF ASSETS (HELD AT END OF YEAR) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBP002Member" abstract="true" name="EBP002Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPNonExemptTransactionsTextBlock" abstract="false" name="EBPNonExemptTransactionsTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPVestingTableTextBlock" abstract="false" name="EBPVestingTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPRequisiteServicePeriod" abstract="false" name="EBPRequisiteServicePeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPNotesReceivableAmountTransferredToFromPlan" abstract="false" name="EBPNotesReceivableAmountTransferredToFromPlan" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPEmployerContributionMatchingPercentageFundingCommonStock" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionMatchingPercentageFundingCommonStock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPEmployerContributionMatchingPercentageFundingCash" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionMatchingPercentageFundingCash" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPParticipantCatchUpContributionMinimumAge" abstract="false" name="EBPParticipantCatchUpContributionMinimumAge" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPParticipantCatchUpContributionIncreaseRate" abstract="false" name="EBPParticipantCatchUpContributionIncreaseRate" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPParticipantLoanBasisSpreadOnVariableRate" abstract="false" name="EBPParticipantLoanBasisSpreadOnVariableRate" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantGeneralLoanMinimumBorrowingTerm" abstract="false" name="EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantGeneralLoanMinimumBorrowingTerm" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantGeneralLoanMaximumBorrowingTerm" abstract="false" name="EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantGeneralLoanMaximumBorrowingTerm" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantAccountPrimaryResidenceMaximumBorrowingTerm" abstract="false" name="EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantAccountPrimaryResidenceMaximumBorrowingTerm" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPVestingYearsOfServiceAxis" abstract="true" name="EBPVestingYearsOfServiceAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPVestingYearsOfServiceDomain" abstract="true" name="EBPVestingYearsOfServiceDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_A1YearOfVestingServiceMember" abstract="true" name="A1YearOfVestingServiceMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_A2YearsOfVestingServiceMember" abstract="true" name="A2YearsOfVestingServiceMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_A3YearsOfVestingServiceMember" abstract="true" name="A3YearsOfVestingServiceMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPEmployerContributionVestingServicePeriod" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingServicePeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPParticipantAccountsVestingPercentage" abstract="false" name="EBPParticipantAccountsVestingPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPPlanTerminationEmployerContributionVestingPercentage" abstract="false" name="EBPPlanTerminationEmployerContributionVestingPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EPBEmployeeWithholdingsInterestAccrued" abstract="false" name="EPBEmployeeWithholdingsInterestAccrued" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="mtz_EBPAssetHeldForInvestmentParticipantLoanCost" abstract="false" name="EBPAssetHeldForInvestmentParticipantLoanCost" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
