v3.26.1
N-2
Jun. 26, 2026
USD ($)
shares
Cover [Abstract]  
Entity Central Index Key 0002097666
Amendment Flag true
Amendment Description AMENDMENT NO.
Entity Inv Company Type N-2
Securities Act File Number 333-292134
Investment Company Act File Number 811-24144
Document Type N-2/A
Document Registration Statement true
Pre-Effective Amendment true
Pre-Effective Amendment Number 4
Investment Company Act Registration true
Investment Company Registration Amendment true
Investment Company Registration Amendment Number 4
Entity Registrant Name T. ROWE PRICE GOLDMAN SACHS PRIVATE MARKETS FUND
Entity Address, Address Line One 1307 Point Street
Entity Address, City or Town Baltimore
Entity Address, State or Province MD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 21231
City Area Code (410)
Local Phone Number 345-5000
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to Public As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
Dividend or Interest Reinvestment Plan Only false
Delayed or Continuous Offering true
Primary Shelf [Flag] false
Effective Upon Filing, 462(e) false
Additional Securities Effective, 413(b) false
Effective when Declared, Section 8(c) true
New Effective Date for Previous Filing false
Additional Securities. 462(b) false
No Substantive Changes, 462(c) false
Exhibits Only, 462(d) false
Registered Closed-End Fund [Flag] true
Business Development Company [Flag] false
Interval Fund [Flag] true
Primary Shelf Qualified [Flag] false
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No
Entity Emerging Growth Company false
New CEF or BDC Registrant [Flag] true
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block]
  Class A   Class D   Class I
SHAREHOLDER TRANSACTION FEES          
Maximum sales load imposed on purchases(1) 3.50%   1.50%   N/A
Early repurchase fee None   None   None
(1) Investors purchasing Class A Shares or Class D Shares may be charged a sales load of up to 3.50% or 1.50%, respectively, of the Investor’s gross purchase. The Distributor may, in its discretion, waive all or a portion of the sales load for certain investors. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block]
ANNUAL FUND EXPENSES
(as a percentage of average net assets attributable to Shares)		          
Management Fee(2) 0.50%   0.50%   0.50%
Other expenses(3)          
 Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”)(3)(4) 1.72%   1.72%   1.72%
 Distribution and Shareholder Services (12b-1) fees 0.75%   0.25%    N/A

All other non-Distribution and Shareholder Services

(12b-1) other expenses

 0.68%   0.68%    0.58%
Total annual fund expenses 3.65%   3.15%   2.80%
Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement(2)(5) (0.50)%   (0.50)%   (0.50)%

Total annual fund expenses (After fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement)

 3.15%   2.65%   2.30%
           
   

 

   

   

(2) The Fund pays to the Adviser a Management Fee payable monthly in arrears and accrued daily based upon the Fund’s average daily net assets at an annual rate of 0.50%. The Adviser has contractually agreed, through June 30, 2027 , to reduce its Management Fee to 0% (“Initial Fee Holiday”), after including the effects of any management fees waived pursuant to any of the Fund’s other expense limitation arrangements, as disclosed in this Prospectus. This Initial Fee Holiday will continue for at least one year from the effective date of the Fund’s registration statement and shall not be subject to reimbursement to the Adviser.
   
(3) Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

 

(4) The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”) include the fees and expenses of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest. Some or all of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge asset-based management fees. The managers of the Underlying Funds may also receive performance-based compensation if the Underlying Funds achieve certain profit levels, generally in the form of “carried interest” allocations of profits from the Underlying Funds, which effectively will reduce the investment returns of the Underlying Funds. The Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge a management fee of 1.00% to 1.25%, and generally charge between 12.5% and 15% of net profits as a carried interest or performance allocation. The AFFE disclosed above are based on historic returns of Underlying Funds in which the Fund expects to invest, which may change substantially over time. The AFFE reflects operating expenses of the Underlying Funds (i.e., management fees, performance fees, administration fees and professional and other direct, fixed fees and expenses of the Underlying Funds). As such, fees and allocations for a particular period may be unrelated to the cost of investing in the Underlying Funds. AFFE exclude fees and expenses of any Underlying Funds which are real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) as they are excluded from the definition of an investment company under Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and are not treated as acquired funds. The Fund invests in a REIT advised by Goldman Sachs that generally charges a management fee of 1.00%, as well as other operating expenses.
   
(5) The Adviser and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement in respect of each of Class A Shares, Class D Shares, and Class I Shares, under which the Adviser has agreed contractually until April 30, 2028 to waive its Management Fee and/or reimburse the Fund’s organizational and offering costs, as well as the Fund’s operating expenses on a monthly basis to the extent that the Fund’s monthly total annualized fund operating expenses in respect of each class (excluding (i) the Investment Management Fee; (ii) costs incurred pursuant to the Fund’s Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan and/or AFP Program; (iii) costs associated with the acquisition, ongoing investment and disposition of the Fund’s investments and unconsummated investments, including legal costs, professional fees, travel costs and brokerage costs; (iv) expenses incurred directly or indirectly by the Fund as a result of expenses related to investing in, or incurred by, an underlying fund, including, without limitation, an underlying fund’s operating expenses, management fees, and performance fees and/or incentive allocations (acquired fund fees and expenses or “AFFE”)); (v) dividend and interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund); (vi) taxes and costs to reclaim foreign taxes; and (vii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Adviser), to the extent that such expenses, on an annualized basis, exceed 1.00% of the average daily net assets of each Class (the “Operating Expense Limitation”).). In consideration of the Operating Expense Limitation, the Fund has agreed to repay the Adviser in the amount of any waived Investment Management Fees and Fund expenses reimbursed in respect of each of Class A Shares, Class D Shares, and Class I Shares, subject to the limitation that a reimbursement (an “Adviser Recoupment”) will be made only if and to the extent that: (i) it is payable not more than three years from the date on which the applicable waiver or expense payment was made by the Adviser; and (ii) the Adviser Recoupment does not cause such class’s total annual operating expenses (on an annualized basis and net of any reimbursements received by the Fund during such fiscal year) during the applicable quarter to exceed the lower of the Operating Expense Limitation (i) at the time of the waiver or (ii) at the time of recoupment.
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Expense Example [Table Text Block]

Example:

 

The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in Shares. In calculating the following expense amounts, the Fund has assumed its direct and indirect annual operating expenses would remain at the percentage levels set forth in the table above (except that the example incorporates the expense reimbursement arrangement for only the first year).

 

An investor would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return:

 

Class A

1 Year 

3 Years 

5 Years 

10 Years 

  $66 $137 $210 $402
         
Class D

1 Year  

3 Years 

5 Years 

10 Years 

  $41 $104 $170 $345
         
Class I

1 Year 

3 Years 

5 Years 

10 Years 

  $23 $80 $140 $301

 

The example and the expenses in the tables above should not be considered a representation of the Fund’s future expenses, and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. While the example assumes a 5.0% annual return, as required by the SEC, the Fund’s performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5.0%. For a more complete description of the various fees and expenses borne directly and indirectly by the Fund, see “Fund Expenses” and “Management Fees.”
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block]

The following table illustrates the aggregate fees and expenses that the Fund expects to incur and that Shareholders can expect to bear directly or indirectly. Investors may be charged a fee if they effect transactions through an intermediary, broker, or agent, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries. These additional fees are not reflected in the tables and examples below.

 
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block] Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
Management Fee not based on Net Assets, Note [Text Block] The Fund pays to the Adviser a Management Fee payable monthly in arrears and accrued daily based upon the Fund’s average daily net assets at an annual rate of 0.50%. The Adviser has contractually agreed, through June 30, 2027 , to reduce its Management Fee to 0% (“Initial Fee Holiday”), after including the effects of any management fees waived pursuant to any of the Fund’s other expense limitation arrangements, as disclosed in this Prospectus. This Initial Fee Holiday will continue for at least one year from the effective date of the Fund’s registration statement and shall not be subject to reimbursement to the Adviser.
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, Note [Text Block] The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”) include the fees and expenses of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest. Some or all of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge asset-based management fees. The managers of the Underlying Funds may also receive performance-based compensation if the Underlying Funds achieve certain profit levels, generally in the form of “carried interest” allocations of profits from the Underlying Funds, which effectively will reduce the investment returns of the Underlying Funds. The Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge a management fee of 1.00% to 1.25%, and generally charge between 12.5% and 15% of net profits as a carried interest or performance allocation. The AFFE disclosed above are based on historic returns of Underlying Funds in which the Fund expects to invest, which may change substantially over time. The AFFE reflects operating expenses of the Underlying Funds (i.e., management fees, performance fees, administration fees and professional and other direct, fixed fees and expenses of the Underlying Funds). As such, fees and allocations for a particular period may be unrelated to the cost of investing in the Underlying Funds. AFFE exclude fees and expenses of any Underlying Funds which are real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) as they are excluded from the definition of an investment company under Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and are not treated as acquired funds. The Fund invests in a REIT advised by Goldman Sachs that generally charges a management fee of 1.00%, as well as other operating expenses.
Acquired Fund Incentive Allocation, Note [Text Block] The Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge a management fee of 1.00% to 1.25%, and generally charge between 12.5% and 15% of net profits as a carried interest or performance allocation.
Incentive Allocation Minimum [Percent] 12.50%
Incentive Allocation Maximum [Percent] 15.00%
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES

 

Investment Objective

 

The Fund’s investment objective is to achieve long-term capital appreciation.

 

Investment Opportunities and Strategies

 

In pursuing its investment objective, the Fund intends to obtain exposure to a broad range of private markets through investments in pooled investment vehicles (“Underlying Funds”) and direct investments in individual securities. The “Private Markets” in which the Fund may invest include, but are not limited to the following asset classes:

 

  ● Private Equity. Private equity exposure will primarily include: (1) investments in growth-focused equity opportunities, including leveraged acquisitions, reorganizations, and other growth-focused opportunities; and (2) buyout opportunities.
     
  ● Private Credit. Private credit investments will include bespoke, directly originated financing solutions across a range of credit strategies and industries, with exposure to multiple tiers (senior and junior) of corporate capital structures, asset-backed financings (including, but not limited to, credit investments, investments in infrastructure, shipping, aviation and telecommunications) and structured credit vehicles.
     
  ● Private Real Estate. The Fund’s exposure to real estate will include investments in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). The REITS will primarily hold real property and/or real estate debt. To a lesser extent, they may also invest in real estate-related assets, such as agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”).
     
  ● Private Infrastructure. The Fund’s exposure to infrastructure will primarily consist of directly originated equity or debt instruments in sectors including but not limited to transportation, energy, and digital infrastructure.
     
  ● Leveraged Loans. This asset class includes floating rate loans and floating rate debt securities, which represent amounts borrowed by companies or other entities from banks and other lenders. This asset class is referred to as “leveraged loans” because the borrowing companies often have significantly more debt than equity. This asset class will be employed both to pursue investment returns and to support liquidity management.

 

These descriptions are not intended to be complete explanations of such strategies or all possible investment strategies or methods to which the Fund will have exposure.

 

The Fund may not have exposure to all private market asset classes at all times, and the Fund’s allocations across sectors, asset classes, and implementation types (pooled vehicles versus individual securities) are expected to vary over time. The Adviser’s allocation across the different private market asset classes will take into consideration a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, market and economic conditions, forward looking expectations for underlying asset classes, appreciation or depreciation of portfolio holdings, availability of investment opportunities, and fund subscription and repurchase activity. Many of the Fund’s investments are not exchange-traded.

 

To the extent the Fund obtains exposure to an asset class through an Underlying Fund, that vehicle will, subject to applicable law, be managed or sponsored by either Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. or one of its affiliates (“Goldman Sachs”), or the Fund’s Adviser or one of its affiliates (“T. Rowe Price”). Underlying Funds may include registered investment companies (which may include mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), and interval funds), business development companies (“BDCs”), REITs, private funds (i.e., private investment funds excluded from the definition of “investment company” pursuant to Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act or otherwise not meeting the definition of “investment company” in the 1940 Act), and other underlying investment vehicles. The Fund will not invest in private funds managed by T. Rowe Price. Information about an SEC-registered Underlying Fund is available on the SEC’s website and/or directly from such Underlying Fund. Information about private Underlying Funds has limited, if any, availability.

 

 

Under normal conditions, at least 33% of the Fund’s net assets (measured at the time of investment) will be invested in investment vehicles managed by Goldman Sachs. Similarly, under normal conditions, at least 33% of the Fund’s net assets (measured at the time of investment) will be invested in T. Rowe Price-managed direct portfolio investments and/or T. Rowe Price-managed registered investment companies. Price Associates expects to select various Underlying Funds and strategies in line with the foregoing target allocations to Goldman Sachs and T. Rowe Price funds, without considering the universe of available investment options managed by other managers of funds. The Adviser does not, nor does it expect to, consider any available investment options managed by managers other than Goldman Sachs or T. Rowe Price as investment options for the Fund.

 

Goldman Sachs is not a sponsor, investment adviser, sub-adviser, promoter, principal underwriter or affiliate of the Fund.

 

Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in “Private Markets” or Underlying Funds that invest predominantly in Private Markets. For purposes of this policy, “net assets” means the total assets of the Fund (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Fund’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes). For purposes of this policy, the Fund will access “Private Markets” through, without limitation, interests in Underlying Funds and direct investments that may include securities or other instruments acquired by the Fund in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), including without limitation 144A securities, privately placed bank loans, restricted securities, securities acquired in private placements made under Regulation D and similar private investments, and securities or other instruments for which no secondary market is readily available. Issuers of private investments may not have a class of securities registered and may not be subject to periodic reporting pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Unfunded capital commitments to Private Markets investments will be counted towards this policy. To support unfunded capital commitments, the Fund may hold a significant portion of its assets in investments that are not in Private Markets, such as cash or cash equivalents.

 

The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may invest a significant portion of its assets in credit instruments that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Credit instruments that are rated below investment grade (commonly referred to as “high yield” securities or “junk bonds”) are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Some of the credit instruments will have no credit rating at all. In addition, the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may invest in issuers located outside the United States or with significant operations or revenues outside the United States. The Fund does not currently intend to originate loans directly.

 

For liquidity management (1) in connection with implementation of changes in asset allocation, (2) when identifying investment opportunities for the Fund during periods of large cash inflows, or (3) otherwise for temporary defensive purposes, the Fund may hold up to 20% of its net assets in investments that are not in Private Markets (such as cash or cash equivalents).

 

The Fund may make investments through direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries (“Subsidiaries”). Such Subsidiaries will not be registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund and a Subsidiary will comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing investment policies on an aggregate basis. The Fund and a Subsidiary will also comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act governing capital structure and leverage on an aggregate basis such that the Fund will treat a Subsidiary’s debt as its own for purposes of such provisions. A Subsidiary will also comply with Section 17 of the 1940 Act relating to affiliated transactions and custody. To the extent that a Subsidiary operates pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, the Subsidiary will comply with Section 15 of the 1940 Act with respect to that agreement. To the extent a Subsidiary does not operate pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, the Subsidiary’s investments will be managed pursuant to the Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement.

 

The Adviser anticipates that it may take up to 6 months to invest all or substantially all of the proceeds from a sale of shares in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.

 

Temporary and Defensive Strategies

 

The Fund may, from time to time in its sole discretion, take temporary or defensive positions in cash, cash equivalents, other short-term securities or money market funds to attempt to reduce volatility caused by adverse market, economic, or other conditions. Any such temporary or defensive positions could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. In addition, subject to applicable law, the Fund may, in the Adviser’s sole discretion, hold cash, cash equivalents, other short-term securities or investments in money market funds pending investment by the Fund in other securities, in order to fund anticipated repurchases, expenses of the Fund or other operational needs, or otherwise. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund may change its investment objective and any of its investment policies, restrictions, strategies, and techniques without shareholder approval. Fundamental policies contained in the SAI may not be changed without shareholder approval. See “Fundamental Policies” in the SAI for more information about the Fund’s fundamental policies.

 

 

The Underlying Funds

 

The Fund’s Underlying Funds will invest in various private markets, including private equity, private credit, private real estate, private infrastructure, and leveraged loan investments. The Underlying Funds may consist of registered investment companies (including mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and interval funds), business development companies, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), private funds (i.e., private investment funds excluded from the definition of “investment company” pursuant to Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act or otherwise not meeting the definition of “investment company” in the 1940 Act)) or other vehicles managed by T. Rowe Price or Goldman Sachs, although the Fund will not invest in a private fund managed by T. Rowe Price.

 

The Fund provides Shareholders with access to Underlying Funds managed by Goldman Sachs and potentially to opportunities to participate in “Co-Investments” sourced by Goldman Sachs alongside other Goldman Sachs vehicles that are generally unavailable to the broad investing public. A “Co-Investment” means an investment primarily alongside transaction sponsors or related vehicles in the same class of equity or debt securities or other instruments as such transaction sponsors or vehicles (including but not limited to common stock, preferred stock and warrants) and other investments alongside such entities. Price Associates maintains sole investment discretion as to whether, and to what extent, the Fund will invest in Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds or Co-Investment opportunities sourced by Goldman Sachs. Goldman Sachs does not provide investment advice to Price Associates or the Fund.

 

Goldman Sachs has agreed, subject to applicable legal or regulatory restrictions and requirements, to provide the Fund with the type and scope (and with the same frequency) of information it customarily provides to other investors in the Underlying Funds. As permitted by law, Price Associates expects to regularly communicate with Goldman Sachs about the Underlying Funds to which it serves as investment manager, and Goldman Sachs may provide the Adviser with aggregated, statistical or other information about the investment strategies, risk management and general information regarding economic factors and market trends in each case as they relate to the Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds. This interaction facilitates ongoing portfolio analysis by the Adviser and may help to address potential developments at the Underlying Fund level. It also provides ongoing due diligence feedback as the Adviser allocates the Fund’s investments across the various strategies. Goldman Sachs will not guarantee investment opportunities for the Fund, nor will it provide investment recommendations or investment advice to the Fund or the Adviser regarding investment opportunities. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive the same terms as Goldman Sachs, its affiliates and its other clients if they participate in the same opportunities.

 

The long-term nature of the various private markets in which the Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds invest requires a commitment to ongoing risk management. In this regard, Price Associates seeks to maintain close contact with Goldman Sachs and to monitor the performance of the Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds.

 

The Fund can obtain exposure to various private markets (including private equity, private credit, real estate, and infrastructure investments) through allocations of the Fund’s assets among registered investment companies, business development companies, REITs, private funds (i.e., private investment funds excluded from the definition of “investment company” pursuant to Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act) or other vehicles managed by T. Rowe Price or Goldman Sachs affiliates.

 

Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds

 

Goldman Sachs Asset Management: Multi-Asset Private Investing Platform. Goldman Sachs is one of the world’s largest investors in alternatives, with 40 years of global experience and $627 billion (as of December 31, 2025) in assets managed across private equity, growth, credit, infrastructure, real estate, secondaries and hedge funds.

 

Goldman Sachs’ long history of investing its capital in a variety of businesses and transactions began in 1983, when the Firm started to invest in select long-term private equity investments. In 1991, Goldman Sachs formalized its private equity fund business through the creation of a distinct business unit with a mandate to manage the Firm’s private equity investments.

 

Goldman Sachs Asset Management has an expansive sourcing network of global relationships and is benefited by the comprehensive industry, regional, and capital markets expertise gained by sitting within one of the world’s largest financial institutions.

 

The Fund will have exposure to the following families of Goldman Sachs private strategies:

 

Private Equity at Goldman Sachs Asset Management.

 

  ● Buyout. Established in 1986, the Capital Partners Private Equity Platform (“Capital Partners”) is Goldman Sachs’ flagship direct private equity investing business focused primarily on buyout investments. The strategy targets control investments generally in the Americas and Europe at the upper end of the middle market, defined as portfolio companies with an average enterprise value for $750 million to $2 billion. Capital Partners’ focuses on investments in six key sectors: Financial Services, Healthcare, Consumer, Technology, Climate Transition and Business Services. Capital Partners has long standing experience in each of these sectors and seeks to leverage attractive thematics in these sectors to seek to create resilient, non-cyclical portfolios.

 

 

  ● Growth Equity. The Growth Equity platform is dedicated to providing expansion capital to category-defining companies, spanning multiple industries, including Enterprise Technology, Financial Technology and Healthcare Technology. Goldman Sachs Growth seeks to leverage the global network, resources and expertise of Goldman Sachs to enable portfolio companies to scale via product, customer and geographic expansion or M&A.
     
  ● Asia Equity Partners. With over thirty (30) years of investing experience in Asia, the Asia Private Equity platform is focused on buyout and growth equity across five core geographies (Japan, India, China, Korea and Australia/New Zealand), leveraging an experienced and tenured investment team on the ground, country knowledge and deep sector experience.
     
  ● Sustainability. The Sustainable Investing Group is a platform dedicated to direct impact investing in private markets, across environment and climate transition as well as inclusive growth. The group brings together decades of experience, a strong investment track record across sustainability and a proprietary corporate network of sustainability leaders from global corporations, all supported by the broader resources of Goldman Sachs.
     
  ● Life Sciences. The Life Sciences platform is focused on life sciences building upon Goldman Sachs’ industry-leading life sciences banking and research franchises. Goldman Sachs’ life sciences experience is across investing, investment banking, operations and management consulting with deep scientific and medical expertise.
     
  ● Secondaries (the “Vintage Platform”).Goldman Sachs Vintage Platform is a long standing and experienced secondary buyer. The platform provides diversified private equity secondaries strategies, seeking to provide liquidity solutions for investors in private equity and capital solutions for GPs. The Vintage Platform is part of the External Investing Group (“XIG”) within Goldman Sachs Asset Management.
     
  ● Co-Investments. Founded in 1996, Goldman Sachs’ Private Equity Co-Investment Partners platform co-invests in direct companies and other assets alongside private equity managers other than Goldman Sachs and primarily expects to target (but not exclusively) Co-Investments in connection with private equity buyout transactions. The Co-investment Platform is part of XIG within Goldman Sachs Asset Management.

 

Infrastructure at Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Infrastructure at Goldman Sachs Alternatives is a comprehensive solutions provider across the private infrastructure landscape, with over $20 billion invested throughout a nearly twenty-year (20-year) track record. Goldman Sachs solutions span infrastructure equity and infrastructure debt, including a mid-market, value-add direct infrastructure strategy, an infrastructure secondaries franchise, as well as a European infrastructure credit business. The business has been a part of Goldman Sachs since inception.

 

Real Estate at Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Goldman Sachs Asset Management Real Estate is responsible for all of Goldman Sachs’ private market real estate investing strategies. The business operates as a globally integrated team investing in real estate equity and credit sectors across the risk spectrum. Goldman Sachs Asset Management Real Estate targets all real estate sectors for potential investments with deep expertise across the capital structure, in assets ranging from single properties to large portfolios.

 

As of December 31, 2025, Goldman Sachs Asset Management had $64 billion in total real estate assets under management worldwide. In addition, Goldman Sachs Asset Management has also invested across the securitized sectors, including asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized loan obligations, for over 25 years and has the ability to assess opportunities across all regions and markets.

 

T. Rowe Price Underlying Funds and Strategies

 

With respect to Underlying Funds that are managed by T. Rowe Price, such Underlying Funds are registered under the 1940 Act, including mutual funds and interval funds managed by Price Associates and/or Oak Hill Advisors, L.P. (“OHA”) or another adviser in the T. Rowe Price family.

 

Price Associates is a Maryland corporation founded in 1937. Price Associates is a wholly owned subsidiary of TRPG, which was formed in 2000 as the publicly traded parent holding company of Price Associates and its affiliated entities (collectively, T. Rowe Price). T. Rowe Price offers investors around the globe what it believes to be an unparalleled combination of investment management excellence and world-class service. The firm has been managing investments since 1937 and, today, stands as a leader in its industry. T. Rowe Price is a financially strong, independent organization with a high level of employee ownership. TRPG is publicly traded, and its shares are included in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.

 

 

T. Rowe Price offers global investors a broad array of equity, fixed income, multi-asset and alternative investment strategies. Across all of its investment strategies, T. Rowe Price emphasizes proprietary, fundamental research and risk management. With this focus, the firm believes that it can continue to provide superior, long-term risk-adjusted performance to investors.

 

The Fund may have exposure to the following T. Rowe Price strategies:

 

Leveraged Loans at T. Rowe Price. The Fund will allocate a portion of its portfolio to T. Rowe Price’s Floating Rate Bank Loan Strategy. This allocation may be accomplished through the use of a registered open-end fund (including a mutual fund and/or exchange-traded fund) that normally invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in floating rate loans and floating rate debt securities.

 

The Floating Rate Bank Loan Strategy seeks durable long-term returns—first, in the form of high current income and, second, through capital appreciation. T. Rowe Price’s experienced investment team is focused on the disciplined application of in-depth, proprietary research, strict risk controls, and maintaining portfolio liquidity. Coupled with an ability to leverage the deep analytical resources of the investment-grade and equity research teams, T. Rowe Price believes that it is well-resourced to identify and invest in improving securities.

 

Most, if not all, of the loans in which this strategy invests are rated below investment grade (below BBB, or an equivalent rating) or are not rated by credit rating agencies (commonly referred to as “high yield” or “junk” bonds). These loans may be referred to as “leveraged loans” because the borrowing companies often have significantly more debt than equity. The loans may be senior or subordinate obligations of the borrower, although this strategy normally invests the majority of its assets in senior floating rate loans. In the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior floating rate loans are typically paid (to the extent assets are available) before other creditors of the borrower, such as bondholders and stockholders. Holders of subordinate loans may be paid after more senior bondholders. Loans may or may not be secured by collateral.

 

Private Equity at T. Rowe Price. The Fund will allocate a portion of its portfolio to private equity investments managed by Price Associates. In managing this strategy, Price Associates considers investments across all industry sectors and geographies by utilizing the global investment platform of T. Rowe Price for both sourcing and evaluation of prospective investments, alongside the resources of the Centralized Private Equity Team of T. Rowe Price, which serves as a single point of accountability and coordination of all private-equity investments (the “CPET”). The Fund expects to leverage T. Rowe Price’s extensive network of venture capital firm partners, fellow investors and other industry contacts to identify and source attractive investment opportunities for the Fund.

 

Price Associates believes the Fund will benefit from the T. Rowe Price brand and the long-standing reputation of T. Rowe Price as an outstanding partner to public and private companies, and that this will enable the Fund to gain access to highly sought after private companies. T. Rowe Price strives to establish relationships with innovative, rapidly growing private companies at an earlier stage in their development than where the Fund may invest, which T. Rowe Price believes will favorably position the Fund to participate in future capital raising events for such companies. Price Associates believes companies will view engagement with the Fund as a bridge to gain access to the broader T. Rowe Price investment platform, which will provide an advantage over firms that lack comparable scale.

 

OHA’s Private Credit. The Fund will allocate a portion of its portfolio to private credit investments managed by OHA. This allocation will be accomplished through the use of one or more registered closed-end funds that have exposure to in the following credit strategies:

 

  ● Direct Lending (including first lien loans and unitranche loans);
     
  ● Junior Capital Solutions (including unsecured debt, second lien loans, mezzanine loans and preferred equity);
     
  ● Asset-based Lending (including, but not limited to, credit investments, investments in infrastructure, shipping, aviation and telecommunications);
     
  ● Structured Credit (including CLOs);
     
  ● Special Situations (including stressed and non-control distressed credit and opportunities arising due to market dislocation); and
     
  ● Liquid Credit (including broadly syndicated loans and credit selection in high yield bonds and leveraged loans).

 

OHA, a wholly owned subsidiary of TRPG, is a leading global alternatives investment firm specializing in private lending, distressed credit, structured credit, real assets, special situations, leveraged loans and high yield bonds. As of June 30, 2025, OHA manages approximately $98 billion of capital across credit strategies in pooled funds, CLOs and single investor mandates.1 The global and primarily institutional investor base of OHA and its affiliates includes pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, insurance companies, foundations, endowments, funds-of-funds, family offices and high net worth individuals.

___________________________

1 Capital under management estimated as of June 30, 2025. Includes net asset value, portfolio value and/or unfunded capital. Uses respective USD exchange rates as of month-end for any non-USD assets. Additional information on calculation methodology available upon request.

 

 

OHA’s leading private lending platform focuses on directly originated and customized financing solutions for larger well-established corporate borrowers and, where applicable, their private equity sponsors. Approximately $38 billion of OHA’s capital under management is invested in private strategies including private lending. OHA has a long history of private credit investing starting in 2002, which it believes demonstrates its capabilities and success in private lending.

 

Price Associates’ Distribution Management Service and Disposition of Certain Investments. Price Associates expects to use its in-house Distribution Management Service (“DMS”) or similarly offered service, to assist in the efficient disposition of certain direct private equity investments that have become liquid (or are imminently expected to become liquid); i.e., publicly traded securities. The DMS team is expected to use its investment acumen, together with its knowledge of the Fund’s terms and objectives, to seek the most efficient time for the sale or distribution of such securities. The DMS team aims to optimize the return of capital and minimize trading expenses, consistent with T. Rowe Price’s commitment to providing best execution.

 
Risk Factors [Table Text Block]

TYPES OF INVESTMENTS AND RELATED RISKS

 

Investors should carefully consider the risk factors described below, before deciding on whether to make an investment in the Fund. The risks set out below are not the only risks the Fund faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Fund or that the Fund currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Fund’s business, financial condition and/or operating results. If any of the following events occur, the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the NAV of the Fund’s Shares could decline, and investors may lose all or part of their investment.

 

The Fund will obtain exposure to its underlying strategies through direct investments as well as allocations to Underlying Funds managed by affiliated and unaffiliated investment managers. As such the Fund may be directly exposed to certain risks described below and/or may be exposed to certain risks through exposure to one or more Underlying Funds. As such, unless stated otherwise, references to the “Fund” in this section include the Underlying Funds.

 

Risks Relating to Investment Strategies, Fund Investments and the Fund’s Investment Program

 

Investment and Trading Risks in General. All securities investments risk the loss of capital. There can be no assurance that (i) the Adviser will be able to choose, make and realize investments on behalf of the Fund in any particular company or portfolio of companies, (ii) the Fund will be able to generate positive returns or that any positive returns will be commensurate with the risks of investing in the type of companies and transactions described herein or (iii) Shareholders will receive any distributions from the Fund. Shareholders could experience a loss of their entire investment in the Fund.

 

Unforeseen Market Events. Unpredictable environmental, political, social and economic events, including but not limited to, environmental or natural disasters, war and conflict (including Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the conflict in Israel, Gaza and surrounding areas), terrorism, geopolitical developments (including trading and tariff arrangements, sanctions and cybersecurity attacks), and public health epidemics or pandemics and similar public health threats, may significantly affect the economy and the markets and issuers in which a fund invests. The extent and duration of such events and resulting market disruptions cannot be predicted, but could be substantial and could magnify the impact of other risks to a fund. These and other similar events could adversely affect the U.S. and foreign financial markets and lead to increased market volatility, reduced liquidity in the securities markets, significant negative impacts on issuers and the markets for certain securities and commodities and/or government intervention. They may also cause short-or long-term economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. As a result, whether or not a fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of a fund’s investments may be negatively impacted. Some events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors, and industries more significantly than others and exacerbate other preexisting environmental, political, social, and economic risks. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators have in the past responded to major economic disruptions with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs, and dramatically lower interest rates. An unexpected or quick reversal of these policies, or the ineffectiveness of these policies, could lead to inflation, negatively impact overall investor sentiment and/or further increase volatility in securities markets.

 

Governments and regulators may take actions that affect the regulation of the funds or the instruments in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Future legislation or regulation or other governmental actions could limit or preclude the funds’ abilities to achieve their investment objectives or otherwise adversely impact an investment in the funds. Political and diplomatic events within the United States, including a contentious domestic political environment, changes in political party control of one or more branches of the U.S. government, the U.S. government’s inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, the threat of a U.S. government shutdown, and disagreements over, or threats not to increase, the U.S. government’s borrowing limit (or “debt ceiling”), as well as political and diplomatic events abroad, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. A downgrade of the ratings of U.S. government debt obligations, or concerns about the U.S. government’s credit quality in general, could have a substantial negative effect on the U.S. and global economies. For example, concerns about the U.S. government’s credit quality may cause increased volatility in the stock and bond markets, higher interest rates, reduced prices and liquidity of U.S. Treasury securities, and/or increased costs of various kinds of debt. Moreover, although the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations, there remains a possibility that the United States could default on its obligations. The consequences of such an unprecedented event are impossible to predict, but it is likely that a default by the United States would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Funds’ investments.

 

Public health epidemics and pandemics have had an impact on a fund’s investments and net asset value and have led and may lead to increased market volatility and the potential for illiquidity in certain classes of securities and sectors of the market. Public health epidemics and pandemics may result in periods of disruptions to business operations, supply chains and customer activity, travel restrictions, business closures, inability to obtain raw materials, supplies and component parts, and reduced or disrupted operations for the issuers in which a fund invests. The occurrence, reoccurrence and pendency of public health epidemics or pandemics could adversely affect the economies and financial markets either in specific countries or worldwide.

 

In addition, the operations of the Fund, Price Associates, and the Fund’s service providers may be significantly impacted, or even temporarily halted, as a result of any impairment to their information technology and other operational systems and other factors related to public emergencies.

 

Global economies and financial markets have become increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that environmental, economic, financial, or political events and factors in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region or worldwide.

 

Allocation Risks. Investments in the Fund are subject to risks related to the investment adviser’s allocation choices. The selection of underlying investments, including allocations across the various Underlying Funds and to individual co-investment opportunities, as well as the relative allocation of the Fund’s assets to the various private markets strategies could cause the Fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

 

Risks Associated with the Fund’s Structure. The Fund invests in Underlying Funds and strategies managed by each of T. Rowe Price and Goldman Sachs and incurs expenses related to such investments. Investors in the Fund will also incur fees in connection with certain expenses related to the operations of the Fund. Additionally, Price Associates expects to access private markets opportunities from Goldman Sachs and/or T. Rowe Price without considering the universe of other available third-party investment vehicles. This means that the Fund’s investment adviser does not, nor does it expect to, consider any available third-party investment vehicles managed by managers other than T. Rowe Price and/or Goldman Sachs as investment options for the Fund to obtain exposure to the various private markets asset classes. This strategy could raise certain conflicts of interest when determining the overall asset allocation of the Fund or choosing underlying investments for the Fund. See “Conflicts of Interest” in the SAI for additional information.

 

Operational Risks. An investment in the Fund may be negatively impacted because of the operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. Although the Fund attempts to minimize such failures through controls and oversight, it is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. Processes and controls developed may not eliminate or mitigate the occurrence or effects of all risks, and some risks simply may be beyond any control of the Fund, T. Rowe Price and its affiliates, or other service providers.

 

Closed-end Interval Fund; Liquidity Risks. The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company structured as an “interval fund” and designed primarily for long-term investors. The Fund is not intended to be a typical traded investment. There is no secondary market for the Fund’s Shares and the Fund expects that no secondary market will develop. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies, commonly known as mutual funds, in that investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis at a price based on NAV. Although the Fund, as a fundamental policy, will make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, the number of Shares tendered in connection with a repurchase offer may exceed the number of Shares the Fund has offered to repurchase, in which case not all of your Shares tendered in that offer will be repurchased. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only the minimum amount of 5% of its outstanding Shares. Hence, an investor may not be able to sell its Shares when and/or in the amount that it desires.

 

 

Competition for Investment Opportunities. The Fund competes for investments with other closed-end funds and investment funds, as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, have begun to invest in areas in which they have not traditionally invested. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities may intensify. Many of the Fund’s competitors are substantially larger and may have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to the Fund. In addition, some of the Fund’s competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than it has. These characteristics could allow the Fund’s competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and pay more competitive prices for investments than it is able to do. The Fund may lose investment opportunities if it does not match its competitors’ pricing. If the Fund is forced to match its competitors’ pricing, it may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on its investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of the Fund’s competitors could force it to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of the Fund’s competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on it as a closed-end fund.

 

In addition, certain provisions of the 1940 Act prohibit the Fund from engaging in transactions with the Adviser and its affiliates; however, unregistered funds also managed by the Adviser or its affiliates are not prohibited from the same transactions.

 

The 1940 Act also imposes significant limits on aggregated transactions with affiliates of the Fund. The Fund may rely on a Section 17(d) Exemptive Order from the SEC (“Section 17(d) Order”), which permits the Fund, among other things, to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain other persons, including certain affiliates of T. Rowe Price and certain funds managed by T. Rowe Price and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions.

 

Price Associates will not cause the Fund to engage in investments alongside affiliates in private placement securities that involve the negotiation of certain terms of the private placement securities to be purchased (other than price-related terms), except in reliance on the Section 17(d) Order or unless such investments otherwise qualify for another 1940 Act exemption or are entered into in accordance with interpretations of Section 17(d) and Rule 17d-1 as expressed in SEC no-action letters or other available guidance.

 

Prior to relying on the Section 17(d) Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s independent trustees must have approved policies and procedures of the Fund that are reasonably designed to ensure compliance with the terms of the Section 17(d) Order, and must also have reviewed the Adviser’s allocation policy and other Co-Investment policies. The exemptive order is subject to certain terms and conditions so there can be no assurance that the Fund will be permitted to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain of the affiliated funds other than in the circumstances currently permitted by regulatory guidance and the exemptive order. For example, in certain instances, the Fund’s ability to participate in such negotiated joint transactions alongside affiliated funds will require the “required majority” of the Fund’s independent trustees to reach certain conclusions in connection with investments alongside affiliates in private placement securities that involve the negotiation of certain terms of the private placement securities to be purchased (other than price-related terms), including that (1) the terms of the proposed transaction are reasonable and fair to the Fund and its shareholders and do not involve overreaching of the Fund or its shareholders on the part of any person concerned and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of the shareholders. The Section 17(d) Order is subject to certain terms and conditions so there can be no assurance that the Fund will be permitted to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain of the Fund’s affiliates other than in the circumstances currently permitted by regulatory guidance and the Section 17(d) Order. The Adviser’s investment allocation policies and procedures can be revised by the Adviser at any time without notice to, or consent from, the shareholders.

 

Fund of Funds Risk. Because the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in Underlying Funds, the risks associated with investing in the Fund are closely related to the risks associated with the securities and other investments held by the Underlying Funds. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective will depend upon the ability of the Underlying Funds to achieve their respective investment objectives. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of any Underlying Fund will be achieved.

 

The Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) will fluctuate in response to changes in the NAVs of the Underlying Funds in which it invests. The extent to which the investment performance and risks associated with the Fund correlate to those of a particular Underlying Fund will depend upon the extent to which the Fund’s assets are allocated from time to time for investment in the Underlying Fund, which will vary. Because the Fund’s NAV is related to the NAVs of the Underlying Funds in which it invests, inaccuracies, delays or other disruptions in the calculation of an underlying fund’s NAV may adversely impact the Fund.

 

The expenses associated with investing in a fund that invests a significant portion of its assets in other funds may be higher than those for funds that do not invest in other funds. By investing in the Fund, an investor will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the Underlying Funds – in some cases, including a performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocations (which are a share of an underlying fund’s returns that are paid to the underlying fund’s manager) – in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. The fees and expenses charged by the Underlying Funds could reduce the Underlying Funds’ returns and the Fund’s overall performance. Certain Underlying Funds may receive performance fees, carried interest or incentive allocations even if the overall performance of the Fund itself is negative. In addition, the use of a fund of funds structure could affect the timing, amount and character of distributions to shareholders and may therefore increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.

 

Certain Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest will not be registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act, and therefore the Fund, and indirectly, the Fund’s Shareholders, may not avail themselves of 1940 Act protections with respect to interests in such Underlying Funds. In addition, the Underlying Funds are not subject to the Fund’s investment restrictions and Underlying Funds that are not investment companies under the 1940 Act are generally subject to few investment limitations.

 

Although Fund Shareholders will receive information about the Fund’s investments through the Fund’s shareholder reports, certain of the Underlying Funds do not provide the same degree of information as funds registered under the 1940 Act, including with respect to the fund’s holdings, liquidity, and valuations. Fund Shareholders will have no right to receive information about the Fund’s investment in such Underlying Funds from the Underlying Funds, and will have no recourse against the Underlying Funds or their managers.

 

Fund Structure. With respect to the target allocations to Goldman Sachs and T. Rowe Price funds, the Adviser expects to invest in Underlying Funds managed or sponsored by either Goldman Sachs or T. Rowe Price without considering the universe of available investment options managed by other managers of funds. This means that the Adviser does not, nor does it expect to, consider any available investment options managed by managers other than Goldman Sachs or T. Rowe Price as investment options for the Fund. This creates an incentive for Price Associates to consider only Underlying Funds and strategies managed by T. Rowe Price and Goldman Sachs, even in circumstances when it may conflict or appear to conflict with the Fund’s and Shareholders’ interests. Such conflicts could arise in many circumstances, including, for example and without limitation, if one or more Underlying Funds’ performance lags market or competitor returns over extended periods. See “Conflicts of Interest.”

 

Incentive Allocation Arrangements. An Underlying Fund’s manager may receive a performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocation that the Adviser has observed to be generally equal to 12.5% – 15% of the net profits earned by the Underlying Fund that it manages, typically subject to a preferred return. The performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocation is paid indirectly out of the Fund’s assets and therefore by investors in the Fund. These performance incentives may create an incentive for the underlying fund’s manager to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than those that might have been made in the absence of the performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocation.

 

Illiquidity of Underlying Fund Interests. Interests in certain Underlying Funds are illiquid and may only be redeemed during periodic repurchase offers pursuant to which such Underlying Funds repurchase limited amounts of their outstanding shares at the underlying fund’s discretion. Underlying Funds generally have limited liquidity, typically 5% per quarter and, for certain Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds, limited to 2% per month. Similarly, certain Underlying Funds may have redemption penalties for redemptions that occur within one-year from time of subscription.

 

An Underlying Fund may accept less than the amount of underlying fund shares that the Fund tenders in a repurchase offer. Moreover, there is no regular market for interests in such Underlying Funds, which typically must be sold in privately negotiated transactions. Any such sales would likely require the consent of the Underlying Fund’s manager and could occur at a discount to the stated net asset value. If the Adviser determines to cause the Fund to sell its interest in an Underlying Fund, the Fund may be unable to sell such interest quickly, if at all, and could therefore be obligated to continue to hold such interest for an extended period of time, or to accept a lower price for a more expeditious sale. These liquidity constraints add to the challenges the Fund may face in complying with the RIC qualification requirements under the Code, particularly the asset diversification requirements, because the Fund may be unable to dispose of its interest in an Underlying Fund on a timely basis when needed to meet such requirements.

 

Liquidity and Valuation. The Fund may invest in securities, including interests in certain Underlying Funds, which are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer or for which no liquid market exists. Further, the Fund will be subject to certain material constraints on withdrawals from its investments in Underlying Funds that are private funds, registered closed-end investment companies (including, for example, interval funds), or business development companies. The sale of restricted and illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the OTC markets. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. Because the markets for such securities are still evolving, liquidity in these securities is limited and liquidity with respect to lower-rated and unrated subordinated classes may be even more limited. The Fund may be unable to liquidate all or a portion of its position in such securities. In addition, the market prices, if any, for such securities tend to be more volatile and the Fund may not be able to realize what it perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. The high yield securities markets have suffered periods of extreme illiquidity for certain types of instruments in the past.

 

The Fund’s holdings and investment strategies are not as transparent as public holdings (and the Fund generally will not look through to the Goldman Sachs’ Underlying Funds in determining compliance with its investment restrictions). Certain of the Underlying Funds held by the Fund do not determine their net asset value on a daily basis. Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds may be valued on either a monthly or quarterly basis, depending on the investment. Therefore, the Adviser relies primarily on the limited pricing and valuation information provided by Goldman Sachs or other Underlying Fund managers in order to value the Fund’s investments in such Underlying Funds. Investors should be aware that valuations of illiquid investments involve various judgments and consideration of factors that may be subjective. There is a risk that inaccurate valuations of portfolio positions could adversely affect the stated value of the Fund. For these reasons, among others, calculating the fair market value of certain of the Fund’s holdings may be difficult and involve uncertainties and judgment.

 

Certain of the Fund’s assets and liabilities may not have readily observable market prices and the valuation of such assets may rely on quoted prices in inactive markets or models that have observable inputs. Certain other categories of assets may lack any readily available market information and, accordingly, the valuation of such assets may rely substantially on models and significant unobservable inputs including assumptions from market participants. As such assets are not actively traded, their value can only be estimated using a combination of complex market prices, mathematical models and subjective assumptions. Information about market prices may be unavailable or difficult to obtain for investments that are not traded on an exchange or that trade less frequently, and the Adviser may determine the value of these investments by, among other things, using marked to market prices provided by dealers or pricing services, or through relative value pricing. When recent market quotations or other independent pricing information is not readily available, or does not (in the judgment of the Adviser) fairly represent the value of such investment, the Adviser will determine the value of an investment using other fair value methods determined in good faith. These methods may include, without limitation, use or consideration of third-party or proprietary pricing models; the cost of acquiring the investment; comparable issuer valuations; market prices of related instruments; recent private transactions of which the Adviser or its affiliates are aware (including recent transactions in which the Fund or other clients of the Adviser or its affiliates participated); book value, earnings or cash flow analyses; or any other information available to the Adviser or its affiliates regarding the relevant instrument, issuer or broader market events.

 

Many of the Fund’s investments are fair valued. Fair value pricing involves judgments that are inherently subjective and uncertain, and in some cases involves reliance on information provided by private issuers or other sources whose reporting standards vary. Information used to determine fair valuations may be available on an irregular or less frequent basis. As a result, the presence of fair-valued investments may increase the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value at times, while dampening it at other times, and this effect may be more pronounced to the extent fair values assigned to those investments represent a meaningful portion of the Fund’s overall portfolio value. While the Adviser will use its reasonable best efforts to value investments fairly, certain investments may be difficult to value and may be subject to varying interpretations of value. There can be no assurance that any fair values assigned to investments will reflect actual market value or will be realized upon the sale of such investments. If these valuations should prove to be incorrect, investors could be adversely affected, including (without limitation) when the Management Fee is calculated.

 

As permitted by Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, the Board has designated the Adviser as Valuation Designee to perform fair value determinations relating to all portfolio investments pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. The Valuation Designee may value Fund portfolio securities for which market quotations are not readily available and other Fund assets utilizing inputs from pricing services, quotation reporting systems, valuation agents and other third-party sources including the Underlying Funds, their affiliates and/or their agents.

 

New Fund. Because the Fund is new, it has a relatively small number of shareholders and assets under management. As a result, the Adviser may experience difficulties in fully implementing the Fund’s investment program and may be less able to respond to increases in shareholder transaction activity. The Fund’s limited operating history could make it more difficult to evaluate the performance of the Fund’s investment strategies. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Fund will ultimately grow to an economically viable size, which could lead to the fund eventually ceasing its operations.

 

Private Equity Investments Generally. The Fund will have significant exposure to private equity investments, which are exposed to a high degree of business and financial risk. Such risks may adversely affect the performance of any such investments and result in substantial losses to the Fund. While the targeted returns should reflect the perceived level of risk in any investment situation, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be adequately compensated for risks taken. A loss of principal is possible. The timing of profit realization is highly uncertain. Losses are likely to occur early, while successes often require a long maturation.

 

Private equity investments in highly leveraged companies involve a high degree of risk. Some of the Fund’s portfolio companies may be leveraged, which will increase the exposure of such companies to adverse economic factors such as downturns in the economy or deterioration in the conditions of such companies or their industry sectors. In the event any portfolio company cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt service, the Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of its invested capital, which would adversely affect the return on capital invested in the Fund.

 

The Fund may have investment exposure to companies that have already received one or more rounds of financing. These securities may be among the most junior in a portfolio company’s capital structure and thus subject the Fund to a greater risk of losing all or part of its invested capital. There will often be no collateral to protect the Fund’s investment exposure to such securities once made.

 

Certain Underlying Funds are likely to take a controlling interest in a material portion of portfolio companies. The exercise of control over a company may impose additional risks of liability for a variety of reasons, including environmental damage, product defects, failure to supervise management, violation of governmental regulations (including securities laws) or other types of liability in which the limited liability generally characteristic of business ownership may be ignored. If these liabilities were to arise, such Underlying Fund may suffer a significant loss. On the other hand, such an Underlying Fund may hold a non-controlling interest in certain investments and, therefore, may have a limited ability to protect its position in such investments. In such cases, the Underlying Fund will typically be significantly reliant on the existing management, board of directors and other shareholders of such companies, who may not be affiliated with the Underlying Fund and whose interests may conflict with the interests of the Underlying Fund.

 

Investments in private equity generally often require extensive due diligence activities prior to acquisition, including legal costs. If a proposed investment by an Underlying Fund is not consummated, all or a portion of such third-party expenses (for example, but not limited to, expenses attributable to investment bankers, legal and tax advice and consultants), which may be significant, may be borne by the Underlying Fund.

 

Investments in private equity may create additional challenges for the Fund in satisfying the RIC qualification requirements under the Code. Depending on the tax structure of a portfolio company, the Fund may be required to make an investment through a subsidiary that is treated as corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes in order for the Fund to satisfy the RIC gross income requirements. Investing through such a subsidiary would result in additional operating and administrative expenses and could cause income and gains attributable to the investment to be subject to corporate income tax at the subsidiary level, which would reduce the Fund’s returns. In addition, the use of such a subsidiary could make it more difficult for the Fund to comply with the asset diversification tests applicable to RICs.

 

The Fund or an Underlying Fund may be called upon to make follow-on investments in portfolio companies or have the opportunity to increase its investment in portfolio companies. There can be no assurance that the Fund or the Underlying Fund manager will make any such investment or that it will have sufficient funds to do so should the Adviser or the Underlying Fund manager wish to do so. Any decision by the Adviser or the Underlying Fund manager not to make such an investment, or any inability to do so, may have a substantial negative impact on the relevant portfolio company, may diminish the Fund’s or the Underlying Fund’s ability to influence the portfolio company’s future development, may result in dilution of the Fund’s or the Underlying Fund’s prior investment, and could impair the value of such underlying company and, in turn, the investment of the Fund therein. In the event the Fund or an Underlying Fund makes a follow-on investment, there is also the risk that the follow-on investment will not preserve, protect or enhance the existing investment, and the Fund may lose both its initial investment and the follow-on investment.

 

Most of the Fund’s investments in private equity will be highly illiquid, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to realize any such investment at any given time. Although investments by the Fund may generate current income, the return of capital and the realization of gains, if any, from such an investment will generally occur only upon the partial or complete disposition or refinancing of the investment. While a portfolio company may be sold at any time, it is not generally expected that this will occur for a number of years after the investment in such portfolio company is made, and some investments may be held for much longer periods of time. Moreover, an investment that initially consists of an interest in assets may be exchanged, contributed or otherwise converted into private or publicly-traded stock of a corporation, interests in a limited liability company or other interests or assets (and vice-versa), and any such exchange, contribution or conversion will likely not constitute a disposition of the type that results in investors receiving distributions. In addition, the Fund will generally not be able to sell its private equity securities publicly unless their sale is registered under applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from such registration requirements is available. In addition, in some cases the Fund may be prohibited by contract or legal or regulatory reasons from selling certain securities for a period of time.

 

Early-Stage and Late-Stage Companies. The Fund is expected to have significant exposure to companies in a relatively early-stage of development. Early-stage companies often experience unexpected problems in the areas of product development, manufacturing, marketing, financing and general management, which, in some cases, cannot be adequately solved. In addition, such companies may require substantial amounts of financing, which may not be available through institutional private placements or the public markets. The percentage of companies that survive and prosper is small. Furthermore, companies at an early stage may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing and service capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. Such companies will often rely upon rapidly changing technologies. Therefore, technological obsolescence and other technology risks may also adversely impact the performance of these companies. In all cases, the Fund will be subject to the risks associated with the underlying businesses engaged in by its portfolio companies.

 

The Fund is expected to also have exposure to late-stage investments. Investments in more mature companies also involve substantial risks. Such companies typically have obtained capital in the form of debt and/or equity to expand rapidly, reorganize operations, acquire a business, or develop new products and markets. These activities by definition involve a significant amount of corporate change and could give rise to significant problems, whether they be in product development, sales and manufacturing or the general management of any such activities.

 

Investments in Public Companies. The Fund may hold investments in public companies, particularly companies in which it invested prior to an initial public offering of securities. Investments in public companies will subject the Fund to risks that differ in type or degree from those involved with investments in privately-held companies. Such risks include, without limitation, movements in the stock markets and trends in the overall economy, greater volatility in the valuation of such companies, increased obligations to disclose information regarding such companies, limitations on the ability of the Fund to dispose of such securities at certain times (including due to the possession by the Adviser of material non-public information), and increased likelihood of shareholder litigation against such companies’ board members.

 

Small and Medium Capitalization Companies. The Fund will have exposure to investments in the securities of small and medium capitalization companies. Investing in lesser known, small and medium capitalization companies may involve greater risk than is customarily associated with investing in larger, more established companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning small and medium-sized companies than for larger, more established companies.

 

Some small and medium capitalization companies have limited product lines, distribution channels and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets than do larger companies. Also, because smaller and medium capitalization companies normally have fewer shares outstanding than larger companies and trade less frequently, it may be more difficult for the Fund to trade significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices.

 

PIPE Transactions. Private investments in public companies whose stocks are quoted on stock exchanges or which trade in the over-the-counter securities market, a type of investment commonly referred to as a “PIPE” transaction, may be entered into with smaller capitalization public companies, which will entail business and financial risks comparable to those of investments in the publicly-issued securities of smaller capitalization companies, which may be less likely to be able to weather business or cyclical downturns than larger companies and are more likely to be substantially hurt by the loss of a few key personnel. In addition, PIPE transactions will generally result in the Fund acquiring either restricted stock or an instrument convertible into restricted stock. As with investments in other types of restricted securities, such an investment may be illiquid. The Fund’s ability to dispose of securities acquired in PIPE transactions may depend on the registration of such securities for resale. Any number of factors may prevent or delay a proposed registration. Alternatively, it may be possible for securities acquired in a PIPE transaction to be resold in transactions exempt from registration in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or otherwise under the U.S. federal securities laws. There can be no guarantee that there will be an active or liquid market for the stock of any small capitalization company due to the possible small number of stockholders. As a result, even if the Fund is able to have securities acquired in a PIPE transaction registered or sell such securities through an exempt transaction, the Fund may not be able to sell all the securities on short notice, and the sale of the securities could lower the market price of the securities. There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the securities will exist at the time of disposition of the securities, and the lack of such a market could hurt the market value of the Fund’s investments.

 

Operating and Financial Risks of Portfolio Companies. The value or performance of the Fund’s portfolio companies could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, adverse business developments, a change in the competitive environment or an economic downturn.

 

As a result, portfolio companies that the Adviser may have expected to be stable may operate at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or to maintain their competitive positions, or may otherwise be in a weak financial condition or experience financial distress from time to time. In some cases, the success of the Fund’s investment strategy and approach may depend in part on the ability of the Underlying Fund’s investment manager to effect improvements in the operations of a portfolio company and/or recapitalize its balance sheet. The activity of identifying and implementing operating improvements and/or recapitalization programs entails a high degree of uncertainty.

 

There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to successfully identify or implement such improvements or programs.

 

Investment and Due Diligence Process. Due diligence generally entails evaluation of important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, environmental and legal issues. Before making investments, the Adviser will conduct due diligence that it deems reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment, including the time frame in which a particular investment needs to be made and the information available to the Adviser (both of which, at times, may be limited). When conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment, the Adviser will rely on the resources reasonably available to it. For example, outside consultants, legal advisors, accountants and other third parties may be involved in the due diligence process to varying degrees depending on the type of investment and the facts and the circumstances related thereto, and the Adviser may rely on the advice of such parties. However, whether or not known to the Adviser at the time, and especially with respect to illiquid investments, such resources may not be sufficient, accurate, complete or reliable and due diligence may not reveal or highlight matters that could have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment. For example, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to detect or prevent irregular accounting, employee misconduct or other fraudulent practices during the due diligence phase of an investment or during its efforts to monitor an investment on an ongoing basis.

 

At times, the investment opportunities pursued by the Fund or an Underlying Fund require rapid execution, and investment analyses and due diligence, negotiations and decisions by the Adviser may be required to be undertaken on an expedited basis. From time to time, in such cases, the information available to the Adviser at the time of an investment decision may be limited, and, in such cases, and especially with respect to illiquid investments, the Adviser may not have access to detailed information regarding the investment opportunity or an opportunity to diligence or confirm information regarding the opportunity. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the Adviser will have knowledge of circumstances that may adversely affect an investment or be in a position to negotiate terms that appropriately address such risks. It frequently is difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of an issuer, and the Adviser may rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations and disclosures made by issuers or their owners (which, in either case, even of themselves may be very limited in scope) in the due diligence process when it makes an investment or otherwise in the public filings of such issuer. Moreover, there can be no assurance that attempts to obtain downside protection with respect to assets or companies in which the Fund invests will achieve their desired effect, and in certain cases, depending on the type of security or type of issuer, an opportunity may only be available on the basis of limited disclosures, representations, warranties or covenants (e.g., “covenant lite” instruments), and the lack of robust representations, warranties or covenants is likely to increase the risk associated with the investment.

 

In countries where generally accepted accounting principles and practices differ significantly from those practiced in the United States, the evaluation of potential investments and the ability to perform due diligence may also be affected. For example, the assets and profits appearing on financial statements of a company operating in one or more non-U.S. countries may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected if financial statements had been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, information available to the Adviser, including both general economic and commercial information and information concerning specific enterprises, securities or assets, may be relatively less reliable, detailed or accurate. In addition, for companies that keep accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules may require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the company’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power while others do not permit such restatement. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits or disguise true losses or profits.

 

Investments with Third Parties; Co-Investments. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may co-invest with third parties through joint ventures or other entities. A “Co-Investment” means an investment primarily alongside transaction sponsors or related vehicles in the same class of equity or debt securities or other instruments as such transaction sponsors or vehicles (including but not limited to common stock, preferred stock and warrants) and other investments alongside such entities. Such investments may involve risks in connection with such third-party involvement, including the possibility that a third party co-venturer may have financial difficulties, resulting in a negative impact on such investment, may have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of the Fund, or may be in a position to take (or block) action in a manner contrary to the Fund’s investment objectives. In addition, the Fund may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of its third-party co-venturers. In those circumstances where such third parties involve a management group, such third parties may receive compensation arrangements relating to such investments, including incentive compensation arrangements.

 

The Fund’s ability to realize a profit on such Co-Investments will be particularly reliant on the expertise of the lead investor in the transaction. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be given Co-Investment opportunities, or that any specific Co-Investment offered to the Fund would be appropriate or attractive to the Fund in the Adviser’s judgment. The market for Co-Investment opportunities is competitive and may be limited, and the Co-Investment opportunities to which the Fund wishes to allocate assets may not be available at any given time. Due diligence will be conducted on Co-Investment opportunities; however, the Adviser may not have the ability to conduct the same level of due diligence applied to other investments. In addition, the Adviser may have little to no opportunities to negotiate the terms of such Co-Investments. The Fund generally will rely on the sponsor offering such Co-Investment opportunity to perform most of the due diligence on the relevant portfolio company and to negotiate terms of the Co-Investment.

 

The Fund’s ability to dispose of Co-Investments may be severely limited, both by the fact that the securities are expected to be unregistered and illiquid and by contractual restrictions that may limit, preclude or require certain approvals for the Fund to sell such investment. Co-Investments may be heavily negotiated and, therefore, the Fund may incur additional legal and transaction costs in connection therewith.

 

Many entities compete with the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) in pursuing Co-Investments. These competitors may have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to the Fund. In addition, some competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of, or different structures for, private investments than the Fund. Furthermore, many competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on the Fund. As a result of this competition and regulatory restrictions, the Fund may not be able to pursue attractive Co-Investment opportunities from time to time.

 

Private Credit. The Fund will invest in one or more Underlying Funds with a private credit mandate. While some of the loans in which an Underlying Fund invests may be secured, it may also invest in debt or equity securities that are either unsecured and subordinated to substantial amounts of senior indebtedness, or a significant portion of which may be unsecured. In such instances, the ability of the Underlying Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under terms of subordination agreements, senior creditors are typically able to block the acceleration of the debt or other exercises by the Underlying Fund of its rights as a creditor. Accordingly, the Underlying Fund may not be able to take the steps necessary to protect its investments in a timely manner or at all. In addition, the debt securities in which it intends to invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and may not be rated by a credit rating agency.

 

 

The borrowers of loans constituting an Underlying Fund’s assets may seek the protections afforded by bankruptcy, insolvency and other debtor relief laws. Bankruptcy proceedings are unpredictable as described further below in “Investments in Restructurings.” Additionally, the numerous risks inherent in the insolvency process create a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in any particular investment. Insolvency laws may, in certain jurisdictions, result in a restructuring of the debt without the Underlying Fund’s consent under the “cramdown” provisions of applicable insolvency laws and may also result in a discharge of all or part of the debt without payment to the Underlying Fund.

 

Debt securities are also subject to other risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance,” (ii) the recovery of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the period before an insolvency filing as a “preference,” (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors, (iv) so called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations (see “Risks Related to Investments in Loans”) and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Additionally, adverse credit events with respect to any issuer, such as missed or delayed payment of interest and/or principal, bankruptcy, receivership, or distressed exchange, can significantly diminish the value of the Fund’s investment in any such company. An Underlying Fund’s investments may be subject to early redemption features, refinancing options, pre-payment options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by the Underlying Fund earlier than expected. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that an Underlying Fund’s investment objective will be realized.

 

In addition, during periods of market disruption, borrowers of loans constituting the Underlying Fund’s assets may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments the Underlying Fund has made, and the Underlying Fund’s risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods.

 

Credit Risk. The Fund is subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when due. The Fund’s return to investors would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due.

 

Although the Fund or an Underlying Fund may make investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which may initially exceed the principal amount of such investments or the Fund’s fair value of such investments, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. The Fund may also invest in leveraged loans, high yield securities, marketable and non-marketable common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender, to the extent applicable. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In addition, loans may provide for payments-in-kind, which have a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In such cases, an issuer’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may depend on a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain.

 

With respect to the Fund’s (or an Underlying Fund’s) investments in any number of credit products, if the borrower or issuer breaches any of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreement that governs loans of such issuer or borrower, it could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness as well as the indebtedness held by the Fund. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. This could result in an impairment or loss of the Fund’s investment or a pre-payment (in whole or in part) of the Fund’s investment.

 

Similarly, while the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) will generally target investing in companies it believes are of high quality, these companies could still present a high degree of business and credit risk. Companies in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or the continuation or worsening of the current (or any future) economic and financial market downturns and dislocations. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable or improve may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or experience financial distress. In addition, exogenous factors such as fluctuations of the equity markets also could result in warrants and other equity securities or instruments owned by the Fund becoming worthless.

 

Credit Spread Risk. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market expects below-investment-grade bonds to default more frequently. Widening credit spreads may quickly reduce the market values of below-investment-grade and unrated securities. In recent years, the U.S. capital markets experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the spread of COVID-19, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other economic disruptions, which increased the spread between yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. Central banks and governments played a key role in reintroducing liquidity to parts of the capital markets. Future exits of these financial institutions from the market may reintroduce temporary illiquidity. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Risks Related to Investments in Loans. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest in loans, either through primary issuances or in secondary transactions, including potentially on a synthetic basis. The value of the Fund’s loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations. There can be no assurance that the value assigned by the Adviser can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that any related collateral will retain its value. Furthermore, circumstances could arise (such as in the bankruptcy of a borrower) that could cause the Fund’s security interest in the loan’s collateral to be invalidated. Also, much of the collateral will be subject to restrictions on transfer intended to satisfy securities regulations, which will limit the number of potential purchases if the Fund intends to liquidate such collateral. The amount realizable with respect to a loan may be detrimentally affected if a guarantor, if any, fails to meet its obligations under a guarantee. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest in first lien senior secured, second and third lien loans and any other loans.

 

Covenant-Lite Loans. Some of the loans with which the Fund may have exposure may be “covenant-lite” loans. “Covenant-lite” loans refer generally to loans that do not have a complete set of financial maintenance covenants. Generally, “covenant-lite” loans provide borrower companies more freedom to negatively impact lenders because their covenants are incurrence-based, which means they are only tested and can only be breached following an affirmative action of the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition. Accordingly, to the extent the Fund invests in “covenant-lite” loans, the Fund may have fewer rights against a borrower and may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants.

 

First Lien Senior Secured Loans. It is expected that when the Fund or an Underlying Fund makes a senior secured term loan investment in an issuer, it will generally take a security interest in substantially all of the available assets of the issuer, including the equity interests of its domestic subsidiaries, which the Fund expects to help mitigate the risk that it will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing the Fund’s loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the issuer to raise additional capital, and, in some circumstances, the Fund’s lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in an issuer’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that it will be able to collect on the loan should it be forced to enforce its remedies.

 

Second Lien Senior Secured Loans and Junior Debt investments. Second and third lien loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to senior loans described above. The Fund’s second lien senior secured loans will be subordinated to first lien loans and the Fund’s junior debt investments, such as mezzanine loans, generally will be subordinated to both first lien and second lien loans and have junior security interests or may be unsecured. As such, to the extent the Fund holds second lien senior secured loans and junior debt investments, holders of first lien loans may be repaid before the Fund in the event of a bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding. Therefore second and third lien loans are subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the related obligor and the property securing the second or third lien loan may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any senior secured obligations of the related obligor. This may result in an above average amount of risk and loss of principal. Second and third lien loans are also expected to be more illiquid than senior loans.

 

Unsecured Loans. Unsecured loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to loans described above but are subject to additional risk that the assets and cash flow of the related obligor may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any secured obligations of the obligor. Unsecured loans will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such loans may not be protected and such loans are not secured by collateral, financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness. Unsecured loans are also expected to be a more illiquid investment than senior loans for this reason.

 

Other Risks Related to Loans. Under the agreements governing most syndicated loans, should a holder of an interest in a syndicated loan wish to call a default or exercise remedies against a borrower, it could not do so without the agreement of at least a majority of the other lenders. Actions could also be taken by a majority of the other lenders, or in some cases, a single agent bank, without the consent of all lenders. Each lender would nevertheless be liable to indemnify the agent bank for its ratable share of expenses or other liabilities incurred in such connection and, generally, with respect to the administration and any renegotiation or enforcement of the syndicated loans. Moreover, an assignee or participant in a loan may not be entitled to certain gross-up payments in respect of withholding taxes and other indemnities that otherwise might be available to the original holder of the loan.

 

Furthermore, the Adviser may invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in bank loans and participations. The special risks associated with these obligations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments with other institutions with lower credit quality and (iii) limitations on the ability of the Fund or the Adviser to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. The Adviser will seek to balance the magnitude of these and other risks identified by it against the potential investment gain prior to entering into each such investment. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks, absent bad faith, may be borne by the Fund. Bank loans are frequently traded on the basis of standardized documentation which is used in order to facilitate trading and market liquidity. There can be no assurance, however, that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity or that the current level of liquidity will continue or that the same documentation will be used in the future. The settlement of trading in bank loans often requires the involvement of third parties, such as administrative or syndication agents, and there presently is no central clearinghouse or authority which monitors or facilitates the trading or settlement of all bank loan trades. Often, settlement may be delayed based on the actions of any third party or counterparty, and adverse price movements may occur in the time between trade and settlement, which could result in adverse consequences for the Fund.

 

In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to a borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of certain of the Fund’s investments, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability.

 

The Fund’s investment program may include bank loan assignments and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (i) the possible avoidance of an investment transaction as a “preferential transfer,” “fraudulent conveyance” or “fraudulent transfer,” among other avoidance actions, under relevant bankruptcy, insolvency and/or creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations; and (v) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the participant rather than the actual borrower.

 

The Fund or an Underlying Fund may acquire interests in bank loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the borrower. The Fund would, in such a case, have the right to receive payments of principal and interest to which it is entitled only from the institution selling the participation, and not directly from the borrower, and only upon receipt by such institution of such payments from the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying debt and may have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, or any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the applicable loan. As a result, if the Fund were to hold a participation, it would assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. As a result, concentrations of participations from any one selling institution subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such selling institution. In addition, because bank loans are not typically registered under the federal securities laws like stocks and bonds, investors in loans have less protection against improper practices than investors in registered securities. In certain circumstances, investing in the form of participation may be the most advantageous or only route for the Fund to make or hold any such investment, including in light of limitations relating to local laws or the willingness of administrative agents or borrowers to allow the Fund to become a direct lender.

 

Finally, loans may become non-performing for a variety of reasons. Non-performing debt obligations may require substantial workout negotiations, restructuring or bankruptcy filings that may entail a substantial reduction in the interest rate, deferral of payments and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of a loan or conversion of some or all of the debt to equity. Additional costs associated with these activities may reduce returns.

 

Unitranche Loans. Unitranche loans provide leverage levels comparable to a combination of first lien and second lien or subordinated loans. From the perspective of a lender, in addition to making a single loan, a unitranche loan may allow the lender to choose to participate in the “first out” tranche, which will generally receive priority with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due, or to choose to participate only in the “last out” tranche, which is generally paid after the “first out” tranche is paid. The Fund intends to participate in “first out” and “last out” tranches of unitranche loans and make single unitranche loans.

 

Investments in Middle-Market Companies. Investments in middle-market companies such as those that the Fund may invest in, while often presenting greater opportunities for growth, may also entail larger risks than are customarily associated with investments in large companies. Middle-market companies may have more limited product lines, capitalization, markets and financial resources, and may be dependent on a smaller management group. As a result, such companies may be more vulnerable to general economic trends and to specific changes in markets and technology. In addition, future growth may be dependent on additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms when required. Furthermore, there is ordinarily a more limited marketplace for the sale of interests in smaller, private companies, which may make realizations of gains more difficult, by requiring sales to other private investors. In addition, the relative illiquidity of investments held by closed-end funds generally, and the somewhat greater illiquidity of closed-end fund investments in middle-market companies, could make it difficult for the Fund to react quickly to negative economic or political developments.

 

Investments in Less Established Companies. The Fund and its Underlying Funds may invest a portion of their assets in the securities of less established companies. Certain of the investments may be in businesses with little or no operating history. Investments in such early-stage growth companies may involve greater risks than are generally associated with investments in more established companies. To the extent there is any public market for the securities held by the Fund or an Underlying Fund, such securities may be subject to more abrupt and erratic market price movements than those of larger, more established companies. Less established companies tend to have lower capitalizations and fewer resources and are, therefore, often more vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies also may have shorter operating histories on which to judge future performance and in many cases, if operating, will have negative cash flow. There can be no assurance that any such losses will be offset by gains (if any) realized on the Fund’s other investments. In addition, less mature companies could be deemed to be more susceptible to irregular accounting or other fraudulent practices. In the event of fraud by any company in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests, the Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in that company.

 

The Fund may have exposure to issuers that: (i) have little or no operating history, (ii) offer services or products that are not yet ready to be marketed, (iii) are operating at a loss or have significant fluctuations in operating results, (iv) are engaged in a rapidly changing business or (v) need substantial additional capital to set up internal infrastructure, hire management and personnel, support expansion or achieve or maintain a competitive position. Such issuers may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.

 

High Yield Debt. The Fund may have exposure to debt securities that may be classified as “higher-yielding” (and, therefore, higher-risk) debt securities (also known as “junk bonds”). In most cases, such debt will be rated below “investment grade” or will be unrated and will face both ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The market for high yield securities (junk bonds) has experienced periods of volatility and reduced liquidity. High yield securities (junk bonds) may or may not be subordinated to certain other outstanding securities and obligations of the issuer, which may be secured by all or substantially all of the issuer’s assets. High yield securities (junk bonds) may also not be protected by financial covenants or limitations on additional indebtedness. The market values of certain of these debt securities may reflect individual corporate developments. General economic recession or a major decline in the demand for products and services in the industry in which the borrower operates would likely have a materially adverse impact on the value of such securities or could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt securities (junk bonds).

 

Distressed Credit Investments. The Fund’s exposure to distressed credit investments (e.g., investments in defaulted, out-of-favor or distressed bank loans and debt and equity securities) are inherently speculative and are subject to a high degree of risk. Companies experiencing financial distress are often those operating at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period. Companies experiencing financial distress may be involved in insolvency proceedings and have the need for substantial additional capital to support continued operations or to improve their financial condition and may have very high amounts of leverage. Distressed companies typically are in default under, or have a significant risk of an inability to service, their debt obligations, especially during an economic downturn or periods of rising interest rates, may not have access to more traditional methods of financing and may be unable to repay debt by refinancing. Investments in distressed companies may be premised on a turnaround strategy. If turnarounds are not achieved, these companies could experience failures or substantial declines in value, and the Fund may not be able to divest itself of such unprofitable investments in a timely fashion or at all. Additionally, turnarounds may not be achieved within the contemplated investment horizons.

 

The value of distressed instruments tends to be more volatile and may have an increased price sensitivity to changing interest rates and adverse economic and business developments than other securities or instruments. Distressed credit investments are often more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than other securities. Furthermore, distressed debt instruments are often unsecured and may be subordinated to senior debt. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund should only be considered by persons who can afford a loss of their entire investment.

 

Mezzanine Investments. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may make mezzanine investments. Such investments, if made, may be unsecured and made in companies whose capital structures have significant indebtedness ranking ahead of the Fund’s investments, all or a significant portion of which may be secured. While the Fund’s mezzanine investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking ahead of such investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the assets of the issuer, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, the ability of the Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. Mezzanine investments generally are subject to various risks, including, without limitation: (i) a subsequent characterization of an investment as a “fraudulent conveyance”; (ii) the recovery as a “preference” of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the 90 days before a bankruptcy filing; (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors; (iv) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations.

 

Collateralized Loan Obligations. The Fund may have exposure to investments in collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured investments. A CLO is an asset-backed security whose underlying collateral is a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign floating rate and fixed rate senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. In the case of most CLOs, the structured finance securities are issued in multiple tranches, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics, often categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity according to their degree of risk. If there are defaults or the relevant collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches of such securities take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches have a priority in right of payment to subordinated/equity tranches. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the collateral and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances.

 

Because it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying collateral and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity and mezzanine tranches, more senior tranches of CLOs can experience losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of more subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class.

 

In light of the above, CLOs may therefore present risks similar to those of other types of debt obligations and, in fact, such risks may be of greater significance in the case of CLOs depending upon the Fund’s ranking in the capital structure. In certain cases, losses may equal the total amount of the Fund’s principal investment. Investments in structured vehicles involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Changes in interest rates and credit quality may cause significant price fluctuations.

 

In addition to the general risks associated with investing in debt securities and asset-backed securities (e.g., interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk), CLO securities carry additional risks, including: (1) the possibility that distributions from collateral assets will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (2) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (3) the Fund may invest in tranches of a CLO that are subordinate to other classes; and (4) the complex structure of a particular security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. Additionally, changes in the collateral held by a CLO may cause payments on the instruments held by the Fund to be reduced, either temporarily or permanently. CLOs also may be subject to prepayment risk. Further, the performance of a CLO may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including the security’s priority in the capital structure of the issuer thereof, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets. There are also the risks that the trustee of a CLO does not properly carry out its duties to the CLO, potentially resulting in loss to the CLO. In addition, the complex structure of the security may produce unexpected investment results, especially during times of market stress or volatility.

 

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities and other instruments in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate in value because of a change in interest rates. For example, as nominal interest rates rise, the value of certain fixed income securities held by the Fund is likely to decrease. A nominal interest rate can be described as the sum of a real interest rate and an expected inflation rate. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result of movements in interest rates. The Fund may not be able to hedge against changes in interest rates or may choose not to do so for cost or other reasons. In addition, any hedges may not work as intended.

 

Fixed income securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. The values of equity and other non-fixed income securities may also decline due to fluctuations in interest rates. Inflation-indexed bonds, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (“TIPS”), decline in value when real interest rates rise. In certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, inflation-indexed bonds may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar durations.

 

Dividend-paying equity securities, particularly those whose market price is closely related to their yield, may be more sensitive to changes in interest rates. During periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities may decline and may result in losses to the Fund.

 

Variable and floating rate securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Inverse floating rate securities may decrease in value if interest rates increase. Inverse floating rate securities may also exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation with similar credit quality. When the Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of the Fund’s Shares.

 

A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates or yields of U.S. Treasury securities (or yields of other types of bonds) to rise, including, but not limited to, central bank monetary policies, changing inflation or real growth rates, general economic conditions, increasing bond issuances or reduced market demand for low yielding investments. During periods of rising interest rates, there ““is the risk that the income generated by investments may not keep pace with inflation. Actions by governments and central banking authorities can result in increases or decreases in interest rates. Periods of higher inflation could cause such authorities to raise interest rates, which may adversely affect the Fund and its investments. In addition, changes in monetary policy may exacerbate the risks associated with changing interest rates. Further, in market environments where interest rates are rising, issuers may be less willing or able to make principal and interest payments on fixed income investments when due.

 

A rising interest rate environment may result in a decline in value of the Fund’s fixed income investments and in periods of volatility. Further, while U.S. bond markets have steadily grown over the past three decades, dealer “market making” ability has remained relatively stagnant. As a result, dealer inventories of certain types of bonds and similar instruments, which provide a core indication of the ability of financial intermediaries to “make markets,” are at or near historic lows in relation to market size. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, the significant reduction in dealer inventories could potentially lead to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Such issues may be exacerbated during periods of economic uncertainty. All of these factors, collectively and/or individually, could cause the Fund to lose value.

 

Certain European countries have experienced, and may experience, negative interest rates on certain fixed income instruments. Very low or negative interest rates may magnify interest rate risk. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from a fund’s performance to the extent a fund is exposed to such interest rates.

 

Measures such as average duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of a fund. This is especially the case if a fund consists of securities with widely varying durations. Therefore, if a fund has an average duration that suggests a certain level of interest rate risk, a fund may in fact be subject to greater interest rate risk than the average would suggest. This risk is greater to the extent a fund uses leverage or derivatives.

 

Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of certain assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of investments and distributions can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, the dividend rates or borrowing costs associated with the Fund’s use of leverage would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to shareholders.

 

Real Assets Investments Risk. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest a portion of its assets in credit instruments associated with real assets, including infrastructure and aviation, which have historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in these industries is affected by (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in environmental, governmental and other regulations; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) surplus capacity and depletion concerns; (viii) the availability of financing; and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of these investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. The Adviser’s assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in these industries may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.

 

Infrastructure Risk.

 

General. Investments in infrastructure assets are subject to the risks of adverse local, national and international economic, regulatory, political, legal, demographic, environmental, and other developments affecting their industry. Infrastructure companies may be adversely affected by, among other things, high interest costs related to capital construction programs; difficulty in raising adequate capital on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital markets; the financial condition of users and suppliers of infrastructure assets; inexperience with and potential losses resulting from the deregulation of a particular industry or sector; costs associated with compliance and changes in environmental and other regulations; regulation or intervention by various government authorities, including government regulation of rates charged to customers; the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws; regulatory policies and accounting standards; technological developments and disruptions; environmental claims arising in respect of infrastructure acquired with undisclosed or unknown environmental problems or as to which inadequate reserves have been established; disruptive weather and environmental effects; service interruption and/or legal challenges due to environmental, operational or other accidents; force majeure acts, terrorist events, under-insured or uninsurable losses; the effect of economic slowdown; surplus capacity; increased competition; uninsured casualties; insurance costs; uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at reasonable prices; and the effects of energy conservation policies and general changes in market sentiment towards infrastructure assets, among other factors. There is also the risk that corruption may negatively affect publicly-funded infrastructure projects, especially in developing and emerging markets, resulting in delays and cost overruns. Additional risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

Regulatory Risks. Government authorities at all levels are actively involved in the promulgation and enforcement of regulations relating to matters affecting the ownership, use and operation of infrastructure assets. The institution and enforcement of such regulations could have the effect of increasing the expenses, and lowering the income or rate of return, as well as adversely affecting the value, of the Fund.

 

Many of the infrastructure investments may be subject to varying degrees of statutory and regulatory requirements, including those imposed by zoning, environmental, safety, labor and other regulatory or political authorities. Such investments may require numerous regulatory approvals, licenses and permits to commence and continue their operations. Failure to obtain or a delay in obtaining relevant permits or approvals could hinder construction or operation and could result in fines or additional costs for an infrastructure company or loss of such rights to operate the affected business, or both, which in each case could have a material adverse effect on the investments. Where an infrastructure company’s ability to operate a business is subject to a concession or lease from the government, the concession or lease may restrict its ability to operate the business in a way that maximizes cash flows and profitability. The impact of these requirements on an infrastructure company, and therefore on the Fund, may be complicated by the fact that such infrastructure company may operate in multiple jurisdictions.

 

Adoption of new laws or regulations, or changes in interpretations of existing ones, or any of the other regulatory risks mentioned above could have a material adverse effect on an investment and on the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objectives.

 

Operating and Technical Risks. Infrastructure investments may be subject to operating and technical risks, including risk of mechanical breakdown, failure to perform according to design specifications, labor and other work interruptions, and other unanticipated events that adversely affect operations. There can be no assurance that any or all such risk can be mitigated. An operating failure may lead to loss of a license, concession or contract on which an investment may depend.

 

The long-term profitability of an infrastructure project, once constructed, is partly dependent upon efficient operation and maintenance of the assets. Inefficient operations and maintenance and, in certain infrastructure sectors, latent defects in infrastructure assets may adversely affect the financial returns of the Fund.

 

Government Contract Risk. To the extent that the Fund gains exposure to infrastructure assets that are governed by concession agreements with governmental authorities (i.e., agreements between a government, whether at the national, state, local, district or other level, and a private company in which the company is granted rights to operate, maintain, or develop specific assets for an agreed-upon period in exchange for fees), there is a risk that these authorities may not be able to or may choose not to honor their obligations under such agreement, especially over the long term.

 

Government leases or concessions may also contain clauses more favorable to the government counterparty than would a typical commercial contract. For instance, a lease or concession may enable the government to terminate the lease or concession in certain circumstances without requiring it to pay adequate compensation. In addition, government counterparties also may have the discretion to change or increase regulation of an issuer’s or an Underlying Fund’s operations, or implement laws or regulations affecting such issuer’s or Underlying Fund’s operations, separate from any contractual rights they may have. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations that could impact infrastructure assets, and because infrastructure companies provide, in many cases, basic, everyday services, and face limited competition, governments may be influenced by political considerations and may make decisions that adversely affect the infrastructure investments.

 

Capital Expenditures. There is a risk that unforeseen factors may require capital expenditures in excess of forecasts and a risk that new or additional regulatory requirements, safety requirements or issues related to asset quality and integrity may result in the need for additional capital expenditure for refurbishment, reinforcement or replacement of infrastructure assets.

 

Demand and User Risk. The revenue generated by infrastructure and infrastructure-related assets may be impacted by the demand of users or the number of users for the products or services provided by such assets (for example, traffic volume on a toll road). Demand for infrastructure assets may also be subject to seasonal variations. Any reduction in demand and/or the number of users may negatively impact the financial condition of an infrastructure company.

 

Commodity Price Risk. The operation and cash flows of infrastructure assets may depend, in some cases to a significant extent, upon prevailing market prices for energy commodities. Historically, the markets for oil, gas, coal and power have been volatile. This volatility is likely to continue in the future and be beyond the control of an infrastructure company or the Fund.

 

Lack of Liquidity of Infrastructure Assets. Although infrastructure assets may generate some current income, they are expected to be generally illiquid. In addition, public sentiment and political pressures may affect the ability of the Fund to sell one or more of its infrastructure investments.

 

Litigation Risk. Infrastructure assets are often governed by a complex series of legal documents and contracts. As a result, the risks of a dispute over interpretation or enforceability of the documentation and consequent costs and delays may be higher for infrastructure companies than for companies in other industries. In addition, an infrastructure company may be subject to claims by third parties (either public or private), including environmental claims, legal action arising out of acquisitions or dispositions, workers’ compensation claims and third-party losses related to disruption of the provision of infrastructure services. Further, it is not uncommon for infrastructure assets to be exposed to legal action from special interest groups seeking to impede particular infrastructure projects to which they are opposed. If any of the infrastructure assets underlying the Fund’s investments become involved in material or protracted litigation, the litigation expenses and the liability threatened or imposed could have a material adverse effect on the infrastructure company or the infrastructure asset.

 

Project Finance. Some infrastructure investments may be structured on a project finance basis. A project finance structure entails the assumption of “project risk” by equity investors, usually without recourse to a project sponsor. Some investments may relate to projects and facilities at an early stage of development. These projects involve additional uncertainties, including the possibility that the projects may not be completed, operating licenses may not be obtained, and permanent financing may be unavailable.

 

Follow-On Investments. An infrastructure investor may be called upon to provide additional funding for an infrastructure investment or have the opportunity to increase such an investment. There can be no assurance that an Underlying Fund in which the Fund invests will wish to make follow-on investments or that it will have sufficient funds to do so. Other investors in infrastructure investments in which the Fund has a direct or indirect interest may decline to fund their pro rata share of any such follow-on investments. Any decision by an Underlying Fund not to make a follow-on investment or its inability to make a follow-on investment may have a substantial negative impact on such an infrastructure investment in need of further investment or may diminish the Underlying Fund’s ability to influence the investment’s future development.

 

Real Estate Investments Risk. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may acquire, directly or indirectly, debt and/or equity interests in real estate. The real estate investments of the Fund will be subject to the risks generally incident to the ownership of real property, including uncertainty of cash flow to meet fixed and other obligations; adverse changes in local market conditions, population trends, neighborhood values, community conditions, general economic conditions, local employment conditions, interest rates, and real estate tax rates; changes in fiscal policies; competition from other properties; and uninsured losses and other risks that are beyond the control of the Fund, such as the threat of terrorism and their consequences. There can be no assurance of profitable operations because the cost of owning the Fund’s real estate investments may exceed the income produced, particularly since certain expenses related to real estate and its development and ownership, such as property taxes, utility costs, maintenance costs and insurance, tend to increase over time and are largely beyond the control of the owner. In addition, the Fund’s ownership of equity interests in real estate may have tax consequences for certain investors that do not apply in the case of the Fund’s ownership of debt interests in real estate. To the extent the Fund makes investments in real estate assets (or a pool of real estate assets) that are geographically dispersed, leased to (or otherwise exposed to the credit risk of) a geographically diverse group of counterparties whose location changes on an ongoing basis and/or that otherwise have a “global” risk profile, the Adviser will, in its discretion, assign a country of risk for purposes of any applicable investment limitations or other purposes, which country of risk may not correspond with the actual geographic risk of some or all of such assets, and/or determine to exclude such assets from any such geographic limitations. Certain real estate investment opportunities may originate from owners who are insolvent or in serious financial difficulty. As a result, the recourse to the sellers and/or the standards by which such properties are being serviced or operated may be adversely affected.

 

With respect to particular real estate credit investments, real estate debt instruments that are in default may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations and/or restructuring, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of such debt instruments. Even if a restructuring were successful, a risk exists that upon maturity of such real estate debt instrument, replacement “takeout” financing will not be available. It is possible that the Adviser may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on collateral securing one or more real estate debt instruments purchased by the Fund. The foreclosure process can be lengthy, uncertain and expensive. Real estate risks typically include fluctuations in the real estate markets, slowdown in demand for the purchase or rental of properties, changes in the relative popularity of property types and locations, the oversupply of a certain type of property, changes in regional, national and international economic conditions, adverse local market conditions, the financial conditions of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties, changes in building, environmental, zoning and other laws and other governmental rules and fiscal policies, changes in real property tax rates or the assessed values of the investments, changes in interest rates and the availability or terms of debt financing, changes in operating costs, risks due to dependence on cash flow, environmental claims arising in respect of real estate acquired with undisclosed or unknown environmental problems or as to which inadequate reserves had been established, uninsured casualties, risks due to dependence on cash flow and risks and operating problems arising out of the presence of certain construction materials, unavailability of or increased cost of certain types of insurance coverage, such as terrorism insurance, fluctuations in energy prices, acts of God, natural disasters and uninsurable losses, acts of war (declared and undeclared), terrorist acts, strikes and other factors which are not within the control of the Adviser.

 

REITs Risk. The Fund will invest in Underlying Funds that are intended to qualify as REITs. The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the real estate industry in general. Investments in REITs also involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, and may be more volatile than other securities. In addition, to the extent the Fund holds interests in REITs, investors in the Fund bear two layers of asset-based management fees and expenses (directly at the Fund level and indirectly at the REIT level). In addition, REITs may fail to qualify for the favorable tax treatment available to REITs or may fail to maintain their exemptions from investment company registration. Qualification as a REIT under the Code in any particular year is a complex analysis that depends on a number of factors. There can be no guarantee that any entity in or through which the Fund invests will qualify as a REIT. An entity that fails to qualify as a REIT would be subject to a corporate level tax, would not be entitled to a deduction for dividends paid to its shareholders and would not pass through to its shareholders the character of income earned by the entity. If the Fund were to invest in an entity that failed to qualify as a REIT, such failure could significantly reduce the Fund’s yield on that investment and could adversely affect the Fund’s NAV.

 

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock generally has a preference as to dividends and upon the event of liquidation over an issuer’s common stock, but it ranks junior to debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure. Preferred stock generally pays dividends in cash (or additional shares of preferred stock) at a defined rate, but unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Dividends on preferred stock may be cumulative, meaning that, in the event the issuer fails to make one or more dividend payments on the preferred stock, no dividends may be paid on the issuer’s common stock until all unpaid preferred stock dividends have been paid. Preferred stock may also be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.

 

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles its holder to receive interest or a dividend until the convertible security matures or is redeemed or converted. Convertible securities generally:

 

(i) have higher yields than the dividends on the underlying common stocks, but lower yields than non-convertible securities of a comparable duration; (ii) are less volatile in price than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; (iii) have a significant option component to their value which is directly impacted by the prevailing market volatility and interest rates; and (iv) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.

 

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion feature) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase) as well as market volatility (with the conversion value increasing as market volatility increases). The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent that the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases (as with an option) as the convertible security approaches maturity.

 

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required either to permit the issuer to redeem the security or convert it into the underlying common stock. Either of these actions could have an adverse effect on the value of the position.

 

Limited Amortization Requirements. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest in loans that have limited mandatory amortization requirements. While these loans may obligate an issuer to repay the loan out of asset sale proceeds, with annual excess cash flow or by refinancing upon maturity, repayment requirements may be subject to substantial limitations that would allow an issuer to retain such asset sale proceeds or cash flow, thereby extending the expected weighted average life of the investment. In addition, a low level of amortization of any debt over the life of the investment may increase the risk that an issuer will not be able to repay or refinance the loans held by the Fund when it matures.

 

Securities on a When-Issued or Forward Commitment Basis. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund may incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than five business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions. The settlements of secondary market purchases of senior loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants are subject to delayed compensation. Furthermore, the purchase of a senior loan in the secondary market is typically negotiated and finalized pursuant to a binding trade confirmation, and therefore, the risk of non-delivery of the security to the Fund is reduced or eliminated when compared with such risk when investing in when-issued or forward commitment securities.

 

Prepayment Risk. Prepayment risk relates to the early repayment of principal on a loan or debt security. Loans are generally callable at any time, and certain loans may be callable at any time at no premium to par. The Adviser is generally unable to predict the rate and frequency of such repayments. Whether a loan is called will depend both on the continued positive performance of the issuer and the existence of favorable financing market conditions that allow such issuer the ability to replace existing financing with less expensive capital. As market conditions change frequently, the Adviser will often be unable to predict when, and if, this may be possible for each of the Fund’s issuers. Having the loan or other debt instrument called early may have the effect of reducing the Fund’s actual investment income below its expected investment income if the capital returned cannot be invested in transactions with equal or greater yields.

 

Investments in Highly Leveraged Issuers. The Fund is expected to have exposure to investments in issuers whose capital structures have significant leverage (including substantial leverage senior to the Fund’s or an Underlying Fund’s investments), a considerable portion of which may be at floating interest rates. The leveraged capital structure of such issuers will increase their exposure to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or further deteriorations in the financial condition of the issuer or its industry. This leverage may result in more serious adverse consequences to such companies (including their overall profitability or solvency) in the event these factors or events occur than would be the case for less leveraged issuers. In using leverage, these issuers may be subject to terms and conditions that include restrictive financial and operating covenants, which may impair their ability to finance or otherwise pursue their future operations or otherwise satisfy additional capital needs. Moreover, rising interest rates may significantly increase the issuers or project’s interest expense, or a significant industry downturn may affect a company’s ability to generate positive cash flow, in either case causing an inability to service outstanding debt. The Fund’s investments may be among the most junior financing in an issuer’s capital structure. In the event such issuer cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the company may default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring or liquidation of the company, and the Fund, particularly in light of the subordinated and/or unsecured position of the Fund’s investments, may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in the company, which could adversely affect the return of the Fund.

 

Investments in Restructurings. The Fund may have exposure to restructurings that involve, or otherwise invest in the debt securities of, companies that are experiencing or are expected to experience severe financial difficulties. These severe financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause such companies to become subject to bankruptcy proceedings. The return on investment sought or targeted by the Fund in any investment in a restructuring may depend upon the restructuring progressing in a particular manner or resulting in a particular outcome (including regarding the conversion or repayment of the Fund’s investments). There can be no assurance that any such outcome, development or result will occur or be successful and, as a result, the premise underlying the Fund’s investment may never come to fruition and the Fund’s returns may be adversely affected. Investments in restructurings could, in certain circumstances, subject the Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein. For instance, under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund and distributions to Shareholders may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings may be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or characterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions. For certain restructurings, the Fund may utilize blocker corporations, which may incur federal and state income taxes. In restructurings, whether constituting liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the restructuring either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security or instrument the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made. The Fund may not be “hedged” against market fluctuations, or, in liquidation situations, may not accurately value the assets of the company being liquidated. This can result in losses, even if the proposed restructuring is consummated. Under certain circumstances, a lender that has inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed, or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions.

 

When a company seeks relief under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (or has a petition filed against it), an automatic stay prevents all entities, including creditors, from foreclosing or taking other actions to enforce claims, perfect liens or reach collateral securing such claims. Creditors who have claims against the company prior to the date of the bankruptcy filing must petition the court to permit them to take any action to protect or enforce their claims or their rights in any collateral. Such creditors may be prohibited from doing so if the court concludes that the value of the property in which the creditor has an interest will be “adequately protected” during the proceedings. If the Bankruptcy Court’s assessment of adequate protection is inaccurate, a creditor’s collateral may be wasted without the creditor being afforded the opportunity to preserve it. Thus, even if the Fund holds a secured claim, it may be prevented from collecting the liquidation value of the collateral securing its debt, unless relief from the automatic stay is granted by the court. Bankruptcy proceedings are inherently litigious, time consuming, highly complex and driven extensively by facts and circumstances, which can result in challenges in predicting outcomes. The equitable power of bankruptcy judges also can result in uncertainty as to the ultimate resolution of claims.

 

Security interests held by creditors are closely scrutinized and frequently challenged in bankruptcy proceedings and may be invalidated for a variety of reasons. For example, security interests may be set aside because, as a technical matter, they have not been perfected properly under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law. If a security interest is invalidated, the secured creditor loses the value of the collateral and because loss of the secured status causes the claim to be treated as an unsecured claim, the holder of such claim will almost certainly experience a significant loss of its investment. There can be no assurance that the security interests securing the Fund’s claims will not be challenged vigorously and found defective in some respect, or that the Fund will be able to prevail against the challenge.

 

Moreover, debt may be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors if the creditor is found guilty of certain inequitable conduct resulting in harm to other parties with respect to the affairs of a company filing for protection from creditors under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Creditors’ claims may be treated as equity if they are deemed to be contributions to capital, or if a creditor attempts to control the outcome of the business affairs of a company prior to its filing under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Serving on an official or unofficial creditors’ committee, for example, increases the possibility that the Fund will be deemed an “insider” or a “fiduciary” of an issuer it has so assisted and may increase the possibility that the Bankruptcy Court would invoke the doctrine of “equitable subordination” with respect to any claim or equity interest held by the Fund in such issuer and subordinate any such claim or equity interest in whole or in part to other claims or equity interests in such issuer. Claims of equitable subordination may also arise outside of the context of the Fund’s committee activities. If a creditor is found to have interfered with a company’s affairs to the detriment of other creditors or shareholders, the creditor may be held liable for damages to injured parties. While the Fund will attempt to avoid taking the types of action that would lead to equitable subordination or creditor liability, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to successfully defend against them. In addition, if representation of a creditors’ committee of an issuer causes the Fund or the Adviser to be deemed an affiliate of such issuer, the securities of such issuer held by the Fund may become restricted securities, which are not freely tradable.

 

While the challenges to liens and debt described above normally occur in a bankruptcy proceeding, the conditions or conduct that would lead to an attack in a bankruptcy proceeding could in certain circumstances result in actions brought by other creditors of the debtor, shareholders of the debtor or even the debtor itself in other state or U.S. federal proceedings, including pursuant to state fraudulent transfer laws. As is the case in a bankruptcy proceeding, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to defend against them successfully. To the extent the Fund assumes an active role in any legal proceeding involving the debtor, the Fund may be prevented from disposing of securities or instruments issued by the debtor due to the Fund’s possession of material, non-public information concerning the debtor.

 

From time to time, the Fund may invest in or extend loans to companies that have filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. These debtor-in-possession or “DIP” loans are most often revolving working-capital facilities put into place at the outset of a Chapter 11 case to provide the debtor with both immediate cash and the ongoing working capital that will be required during the reorganization process. While such loans are generally less risky than many other types of loans as a result of their seniority in the debtor’s capital structure and because their terms have been approved by a federal bankruptcy court order, it is possible that the debtor’s reorganization efforts may fail and the proceeds of the ensuing liquidation of the DIP lender’s collateral might be insufficient to repay in full the DIP loan.

 

In addition, issuers located in non-U.S. jurisdictions may be involved in restructurings, bankruptcy proceedings and/or reorganizations that are not subject to laws and regulations that are similar to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and the rights of creditors afforded in U.S. jurisdictions. To the extent such non-U.S. laws and regulations do not provide the Fund with equivalent rights and privileges necessary to promote and protect its interest in any such proceeding, the Fund’s investments in any such issuer may be adversely affected. For example, bankruptcy law and process in a non-U.S. jurisdiction may differ substantially from that in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although bankruptcy laws have been enacted, the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.

 

Non-Performing Investments. The Fund’s Underlying Funds may include investments whose underlying collateral are “non-performing” and that are typically highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of financial risk. During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities or instruments of other issuers. Securities or instruments of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities or instruments of companies not experiencing financial difficulties. Investment, directly or indirectly in the financially and/or operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk. These difficulties may never be overcome and may cause borrowers to become subject to bankruptcy or other similar administrative proceedings. There is a possibility that the Fund may incur substantial or total losses on its investments and in certain circumstances, subject the Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein.

 

Risks of Certain Non-U.S. Investments. Certain of the Underlying Funds expect to invest a portion of their aggregate commitments outside of the United States. Non-U.S. securities or instruments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities or instruments, including risks relating to (i) currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the various non-U.S. currencies in which the Fund’s non-U.S. investments are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another; (ii) differences in conventions relating to documentation, settlement, corporate actions, stakeholder rights and other matters; (iii) differences between the U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including higher rates of inflations, higher transaction costs and potential price volatility in, and relative illiquidity of, some non-U.S. securities markets; (iv) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements and less governmental supervision and regulation in some countries; (v) certain economic, social and political risks, including potential exchange control regulations and restrictions on non-U.S. investment and repatriation of capital, the risks of political, economic or social instability, including the risk of sovereign defaults, and the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation and adverse economic and political development; (vi) the possible imposition of non-U.S. taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities or instruments; (vii) differing, and potentially less well developed or well-tested laws regarding creditor’s rights (including the rights of secured parties), corporate governance, fiduciary duties and the protection of investors; (viii) difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (ix) differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance; (x) reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers and/or distribution mechanisms; (xi) political hostility to investments by foreign or private investment fund investors; and (xii) less publicly available information.

 

In addition, the Fund’s exposure to debt of issuers located in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions may be adversely affected as a result of the ownership or control of an equity stake in such issuers by the Adviser and/or its affiliates. For example, in certain circumstances, the Fund could be subject to German “equity substitution rules” (similar to equitable subordination in the United States) if an issuer in which the Fund holds a debt investment and in which the Adviser and/or its affiliates holds an equity investment was to become insolvent. In such case, among other things, (i) the Fund may not be able to enforce its rights with respect to collateral, if any, (ii) the debt held by the Fund may be subordinated and (iii) the receiver may be entitled to reclaim amounts paid to the Fund within one year of the filing for commencement of insolvency proceedings or thereafter. The laws of other non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Fund may seek to invest may have rules similar to Germany’s “equity substitution rules” discussed above, and the consequences to the Fund with respect to such rules may be more or less severe. Moreover, additional laws and regulations in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest may affect the Fund’s investments in such jurisdictions in a manner that differs adversely from the results that would occur under U.S. laws and regulations applied to similar facts.

 

Additionally, the Fund may be less influential than other market participants in jurisdictions where it or the Adviser do not have a significant presence. The Fund may be subject to additional risks, which include possible adverse political and economic development, possible seizure or nationalization of non-U.S. deposits and possible adoption of governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest to investors located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Furthermore, some of the securities may be subject to brokerage taxes levied by governments, which has the effect of increasing the cost of such investment and reducing the realized gain or increasing the realized loss on such securities at the time of sale. While the Adviser intends, where deemed appropriate, to seek to manage the Fund in a manner that will minimize exposure to the foregoing risks and will take these factors into consideration in making investment decisions for the Fund, there can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not adversely affect the assets of the Fund that are held in certain countries.

 

Foreign Currency Risks. A portion of the Fund’s investments (and the income and gains received by the Fund in respect of such investments) may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. However, the books of the Fund will be maintained, and contributions to and distributions from the Fund will generally be made, in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls may materially adversely affect the value of the investments and the other assets of the Fund. For example, any significant depreciation in the exchange rate of the Euro, or any other currency in which the Fund makes investments, against the U.S. dollar, could adversely affect the value of dividends or proceeds on investments denominated in the Euro or such other currencies. In addition, the Fund will incur costs, which may be significant, in connection with the conversion of various currencies.

 

Currency Hedging Risk. The Adviser may seek to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s foreign currency risk. For example, the Fund may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the Fund’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies. In a foreign currency forward contract, the Fund agrees to receive or deliver a fixed quantity of one currency for another, at a pre-determined price at a future date. Forward foreign currency contracts are marked-to-market at the applicable forward rate. There is no guarantee that it will be practical to hedge currency risks or that any efforts to do so will be successful. The use of foreign currency forward contracts is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with investments in more traditional securities and instruments, and there is no guarantee that the use of foreign currency forward contracts will achieve their intended result. If the Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of the timing or level of fluctuation in securities prices, currency prices or other variables, the use of foreign currency forward contracts could result in losses, which in some cases may be significant. A lack of correlation between changes in the value of foreign currency forward contracts and the value of the portfolio assets (if any) being hedged could also result in losses.

 

Use of Leverage: Risk of Borrowing by the Fund. The Fund may utilize leverage in pursuit of its investment objective. This results in the Fund controlling more assets than it has equity. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including the Adviser’s assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment.

 

Leverage can increase returns to investors if the Fund earns a greater return on leveraged investments than the Fund’s cost of such leverage. On the other hand, leverage will further diminish returns (or increase losses on capital) to the extent overall returns are less than the Fund’s cost of funds. As a general matter, the presence of leverage can accelerate losses.

 

The use of leverage exposes the Fund and shareholders to a high degree of additional risk, including, but not limited to: (i) greater losses from investments than would otherwise have been the case had the Fund not used leverage to make the investments; (ii) margin calls, interim margin requirements, interest payments or other loan costs may force premature liquidations of investment positions at a loss or otherwise on unattractive terms; (iii) to the extent that Fund revenues are required to meet principal payments, shareholders may be allocated income (and therefore tax liability) in excess of cash distributed; and (iv) losses on investments where the investment fails to earn a return that equals or exceeds the Fund’s cost of leverage related to such investment. In addition, the Fund may need to refinance its outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that the Fund may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of any then existing loan agreements. If prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. These risks could adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition, cash flows and the return on its investments.

 

Leverage, including borrowing, may cause the Fund to be more volatile than if the Fund had not been leveraged. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. In the event of a sudden, precipitous drop in value of the Fund’s assets, the Fund might not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to repay its borrowings, further magnifying the losses incurred by the Fund.

 

To the extent that options, futures, options on futures, swaps, swaptions and other “synthetic” or derivative financial instruments are used, it should be noted that they inherently contain much greater leverage than a non-margined purchase of the underlying security, commodity or instrument. This is due to the fact that generally only a very small portion (and in some cases none) of the value of the underlying security, commodity or instrument is required to be paid in order to make such investments. In addition, many of these products are subject to variation or other interim margin requirements, which may force premature liquidation of investment positions at an inopportune time and adversely impact the performance of the Fund.

 

With respect to any asset-backed facility, a decrease in the market value would increase the effective amount of leverage and could result in the possibility of a violation of certain financial covenants pursuant to which the borrowed funds must be repaid to the lender. Liquidation of such investments at an inopportune time in order to satisfy such financial covenants could adversely impact performance and could, if the value of its investments had declined significantly, cause the Fund or an Underlying Fund to lose capital. Fund or Underlying Fund-level debt facilities typically include other covenants such as, but not limited to, covenants against the Fund incurring or being in default under other recourse debt, including certain guarantees of asset level debt, which, if triggered could cause adverse consequences to the Fund or Underlying Fund if it is unable to cure or otherwise mitigate such breach.

 

Subject to prevailing market conditions, the Fund may add financial leverage if, immediately after such borrowing, it would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of 300% or more (in the event leverage is obtained solely through debt) or 200% or more (in the event leverage is obtained solely though preferred stock). For example, if the Fund has $100 in net assets, it may utilize leverage through obtaining debt of up to $50, resulting in $150 in total assets (or 300% asset coverage). The Fund does not presently intend to obtain leverage through preferred stock.

 

There can be no assurance that the cost of borrowing will remain competitive. Further, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have access to leverage. Significant price increases or limited access to borrowing as a result of, among other things, fewer lenders willing to provide margin capacity to counterparties, could negatively impact the Fund.

 

Change of Law Risk. Government counterparties or agencies may have the discretion to change or increase regulation of a portfolio investment’s operations or implement laws or regulations affecting the portfolio investment’s operations, separate from any contractual rights it may have. A portfolio investment also could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations and tax reform, including, for example, the possible imposition or increase of taxes on income earned by a portfolio company or gains recognized by the Fund on its investment in such portfolio company, that could impact a portfolio company’s business as well as the Fund’s return on investment with respect to such portfolio company.

 

Force Majeure Risk. Issuers may be affected by force majeure events (i.e., events beyond the control of the party claiming that the event has occurred, including, without limitation, acts of God, fire, flood, earthquakes, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, war, terrorism and labor strikes). Some force majeure events may adversely affect the ability of a party (including an issuer or a counterparty to the Fund or an issuer) to perform its obligations until it is able to remedy the force majeure event. In addition, the cost to an issuer or the Fund of repairing or replacing damaged assets resulting from such force majeure event could be considerable. Certain force majeure events (such as war or an outbreak of an infectious disease) could have a broader negative impact on the world economy and international business activity generally, or in any of the countries in which the Fund may invest specifically. Additionally, a major governmental intervention into industry, including the nationalization of an industry or the assertion of control over one or more issuers or its assets, could result in a loss to the Fund, including if its investment in such issuer is canceled, unwound or acquired (which could be without what the Fund considers to be adequate compensation). Any of the foregoing may therefore adversely affect the performance of the Fund and its investments.

 

 

Terrorist Activities. Terrorist attacks have caused instability in the world financial markets and may generate global economic instability. The continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military or other action could affect the Fund’s financial results.

 

Volatility of Commodity Prices. The performance of certain of the Fund’s investments may be substantially dependent upon prevailing prices of electricity, oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal and other commodities (such as metals) and the differential between prices of specific commodities that are a primary factor in the profitability of certain conversion activities such as petroleum refining (“crack spread”) and power generation (“spark spread”). Commodity prices have been, and are likely to continue to be, volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to any of the following factors: (i) relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for electricity or such other commodities; (ii) market uncertainty and the condition of various economies (including interest rates, levels of economic activity, the price of securities and the participation by other investors in the financial markets); (iii) political conditions in the United States and other project locations; (iv) the extent of domestic production and importation of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal or metals in certain relevant markets; (v) the foreign supply of oil, natural gas and metals; (vi) the prices of foreign imports; (vii) the level of consumer demand; (viii) the price and availability of alternative electric generation options; (ix) the price of steel and the outlook for steel production; (x) pandemics, wars, sanctions and weather conditions; (xi) the competitive position of electricity, ethanol/biodiesel, oil, gas or coal as a source of energy as compared with other energy sources; (xii) the industry-wide or local refining, transportation or processing capacity for natural gas or transmission capacity for electric energy; (xiii) the effect of United States and non-U.S. federal, state and local regulation on the production, transportation and sale of electric energy and other commodities; (xiv) breakthrough technologies (such as improved storage or clean coal technologies) or government subsidies, tax credits or other support that allow alternative fuel generation projects to produce more reliable electric energy or lower the cost of such production compared to natural gas fueled electric generation projects; (xv) with respect to the price of oil, actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; or (xvi) the expected consumption of coking coal in steel production. While the Adviser will endeavor to take into account existing and anticipated future applicable greenhouse gas regulation in its investment decisions, changes in the regulation of greenhouse gases could impact an investment or make future investments undesirable.

 

Regulatory Approvals. The Fund may have exposure to portfolio companies believed to have obtained all material United States federal, state, local or non-U.S. approvals, if any, required as of the date thereof to acquire and operate their facilities. In addition, the Fund may be required to obtain the consent or approval of applicable regulatory authorities in order to acquire or hold certain ownership positions in portfolio companies. A portfolio company could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. For example, in the case of oil and gas drilling, handling and transportation, such activities are extensively regulated, and statutory and regulatory requirements may include those imposed by energy, zoning, environmental, health, safety, labor and other regulatory or political authorities. Moreover, additional regulatory approvals, including without limitation, renewals, extensions, transfers, assignments, reissuances or similar actions, may become applicable in the future due to a change in laws and regulations, a change in the companies’ customers or for other reasons. There can be no assurance that a portfolio company will be able to (i) obtain all required regulatory approvals that it does not have at the time of the Fund’s investment or that it may be required to have in the future; (ii) obtain any necessary modifications to existing regulatory approvals; or (iii) maintain required regulatory approvals. Delay in obtaining or failure to obtain and maintain in full force and effect any regulatory approvals, or amendments thereto, or delay or failure to satisfy any regulatory conditions or other applicable requirements could prevent operation of a facility or sales to or from third parties or could result in fines or additional costs to a portfolio company. Regulatory changes in a jurisdiction where a portfolio investment is located may make the continued operation of the portfolio investment infeasible or economically disadvantageous and any expenditures made to date by such portfolio investment may be wholly or partially written off. The locations of the portfolio investments may also be subject to government exercise of eminent domain power or similar events. Any of these changes could significantly increase the regulatory-related compliance and other expenses incurred by the portfolio investments and could significantly reduce or entirely eliminate any potential revenues generated by one or more of the portfolio investments, which could materially and adversely affect returns to the Fund.

 

Tax risks. The Fund currently intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code. In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income, meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for each taxable year.

 

The ‘Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the ‘Fund’s investments under one or more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS or a change in law might affect the ‘Fund’s ability to qualify for such treatment.

 

Certain of the Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds intend to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If any of these funds were to fail to qualify to be treated as a partnership, the Fund may not meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC.

 

If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code for any reason, and were not able to cure such failure, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to Shareholders as dividends.

 

Sustainability Risks. A sustainability risk is an environmental, social or governance (“ESG”) event or condition that, if it occurs, could cause an actual or potential material negative impact on the value of an investment (“Sustainability Risk”). Sustainability Risks may arise in respect of a company or sovereign issuer itself, its affiliates or in its supply chain and/or apply to a particular economic sector, geographical or political region. Environmental Sustainability Risks, including risks arising from climate change, are associated with events or conditions affecting the natural environment. Social risks may be internal or external to a business or sovereign issuer and are associated with employees, local communities, customers or populations of companies or countries and regions. Governance risks are associated with the quality, effectiveness and process for the oversight of day-to-day management of companies. Assessment of Sustainability Risks is complex and requires subjective judgements, which may be based on data which is difficult to obtain and incomplete, estimated, out of date or otherwise materially inaccurate. Even when identified, there can be no guarantee that the Adviser will correctly assess the impact of Sustainability Risks on the Fund’s investments.

 

Sustainability Risk could be connected with the loss of investment value in numerous ways. For investments in a corporate issuer, losses may result from, for example and without limitation, damage to its reputation with a consequential fall in demand for its products or services, loss of key personnel, exclusion from potential business opportunities, increased costs of doing business and/or increased cost of capital. Laws, regulations and industry norms play a significant role in controlling the impact on ESG factors of many industries, particularly in respect of environmental and social factors. Any changes in such measures, such as increasingly stringent environmental or health and safety laws, can have a material impact on the operations, costs and profitability of businesses. A corporate issuer may also suffer the impact of fines and other regulatory sanctions. The time and resources of the corporate issuer’s management team may be diverted from furthering its business and be absorbed seeking to deal with the Sustainability Risk, including changes to business practices and dealing with investigations and litigation. Sustainability Risks may also give rise to loss of assets and/or physical loss including damage to real estate and infrastructure. The utility and value of assets held by businesses to which the Fund is exposed may also be adversely impacted by a Sustainability Risk. Further, certain industries face considerable scrutiny from regulatory authorities, non-governmental organizations and special interest groups in respect of their impact on ESG factors. This may cause affected industries to make material changes to their business practices, which can increase costs and result in a material negative impact on the profitability of businesses. Such scrutiny also may materially impact the consumer demand for a business’s products and services, which may result in a material loss in value of an investment linked to such businesses.

 

Sustainability Risks are relevant as both standalone risks, and also as cross-cutting risks that manifest through many other risk types that are relevant to the assets of the Fund. For example, the occurrence of a Sustainability Risk can give rise to financial and business risk, including though a negative impact on the creditworthiness of other businesses.

 

Political and Societal Challenges. Energy and energy-related infrastructure projects may be subject to siting requirements. Siting of energy projects is also frequently subject to regulation by applicable state, county and local authorities. For example, proposals to site an energy plant or engage in drilling activities in a particular location may be challenged by a number of parties, including special interest groups based on alleged security concerns, disturbances to natural habitats for wildlife and adverse aesthetic impacts, including the common “not in my backyard” phenomenon. Concerns regarding some of the techniques used in the extraction of shale gas in order to enhance recovery, such as the use of natural gas hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking”) may also arise, which may require governmental permits or approvals and which have recently been the subject of heightened environmental concerns and public opposition in some jurisdictions (as more fully described below). The failure of any portfolio investment to receive, renew or maintain any required permits or approvals or any inability to satisfy any requirement of any permits or approvals may result in increased compliance costs, the need for additional capital expenditures or a suspension of project operations.

 

Derivatives Instruments. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may invest in derivative instruments or “derivatives” that include total return swaps (“TRS”) and other swaps, futures, options, structured securities and other instruments and contracts that are derived from, or the value of which is related to, one or more underlying securities, financial benchmarks, currencies, indices, or other assets. Derivatives allow an investor to hedge or speculate upon the price movements of a particular security, financial benchmark currency, index or other asset at a fraction of the cost of investing in the underlying asset. The value of a derivative depends largely upon price movements in the underlying asset. Therefore, many of the risks applicable to trading the underlying asset are also applicable to derivatives of such asset. However, there are a number of other risks associated with derivatives trading. For example, because many derivatives are leveraged, and thus provide significantly more market exposure than the money paid or deposited when the transaction is entered into, a relatively small adverse market movement may expose the Fund to the possibility of a loss exceeding the original amount invested. Derivatives may also expose investors to liquidity risk, as there may not be a liquid market within which to close or dispose of outstanding derivatives contracts.

 

All derivative instruments involve risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than the risks of investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets, including:

 

  ● Management Risks. Derivative products are specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with equities and fixed income securities. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself. In particular, the use and complexity of derivatives require the maintenance of adequate controls to monitor the transactions entered into and the ability to assess the risk that a derivative adds to the Fund’s portfolio.
     
  ● Counterparty Risks. This is the risk that a loss may be sustained by the Fund as a result of the failure of the other party to a derivative (usually referred to as a “counterparty”) to comply with the terms of the derivative contract. The credit risk for exchange-traded derivatives is generally less than for over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, since the clearinghouse, which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded or cleared derivative transaction is the counterparty to the derivative transaction. The Fund may post or receive collateral related to changes in the market value of a derivative. The Fund also may invest in derivatives that (i) do not require the counterparty to post collateral, (ii) require collateral but that do not provide for the Fund’s security interest in it to be perfected, (iii) require significant upfront deposits unrelated to the derivatives’ intrinsic value, or (iv) do not require that collateral be regularly marked-to-market. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by collateral, the Fund runs the risk of having limited recourse if the counterparty defaults. 
     
  ● Documentation Risks. Many derivative instruments also have documentation risk. Because the contract for each OTC derivative transaction is individually negotiated, the counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Fund, and if it does, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty to avoid incurring the cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be unable to obtain payments the Adviser believes are owed to the Fund under derivative instruments or those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
     
  ● Liquidity Risks. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous price. Less liquid derivative instruments also may fall more in price than other investments during market falls. During periods of market disruptions, the Fund may have a greater need for cash to provide collateral for large swings in the mark-to-market obligations arising under the derivative instruments used by the Fund. These risks may be further exacerbated by requirements under rules issued pursuant to financial reform legislation.
     
  ● Leverage Risks. Because many derivatives have a leverage component (i.e., a notional value in excess of the assets needed to establish or maintain the derivative position), adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.
     
  ● Tax Uncertainties. The taxation of derivatives, including credit default swaps, TRS and other transactions in which the Fund may participate, is subject to uncertainties. Such transactions may become subject to new laws and regulations, possibly with retroactive effect, as well as differing interpretations of existing law and regulations by the relevant taxing authorities. There can be no assurance that such changes in law or interpretation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
     
  ● Other Risks. Other risks in using derivatives include the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation of derivatives. Many derivatives, in particular OTC derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an OTC derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund enters into OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the market value of those derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. Incorrect valuations may result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties, over-and/or under-collateralization, and/or errors in calculation of the Fund’s net asset value.

 

The use of derivatives may not be effective or have the desired result. Derivatives involve the risk that changes in their value may not move as expected relative to the value of the assets, rates or indices they are designed to track. The risk may be more pronounced when outstanding notional amounts in the market exceed the amounts of the referenced assets. For example, the Fund’s use of reverse repurchase agreements subjects it to interest costs based on the difference between the sale and repurchase price of the securities involved. Derivatives are also subject to currency and other risks. Moreover, suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances. For example, the economic costs of taking some derivatives positions may be prohibitive. In addition, the Adviser may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Fund’s risk exposures, potentially resulting in losses for the Fund.

 

Counterparties to derivatives contracts may have the right to terminate such contracts if the Fund’s net asset value declines below a certain level over a specified period of time. The exercise of such a right by the counterparty could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s operations.

 

The United States government has enacted and is continuing to implement legislation that provides for regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union (the “EU”), the United Kingdom (the “UK”) and some other countries have also adopted and are continuing to implement similar requirements, which will affect the Fund when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that country’s derivatives regulations. Such rules and other rules and regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. While the rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (e.g., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, central clearing and other regulatory requirements expose the Fund to other kinds of costs and risks.

 

For example, in the event of a counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency, the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the EU, the UK and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties who are subject to such proceedings in the EU and the UK, the liabilities of such counterparties to the Fund could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”).

 

The regulation of derivatives in the United States and other countries is an evolving area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. Accordingly, the impact of this evolving regulatory regime on the Fund is difficult to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.

 

Options and Futures Risk. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may utilize options and futures contracts and so-called “synthetic” options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible intermediaries. Options transactions may be effected on securities exchanges or in the OTC market. When options are purchased OTC, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Options may also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options also may include options on baskets of specific securities.

 

The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may purchase call and put options on specific securities, and may write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of a call option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. In the sale of a put, losses may be significant and, in the sale of a call, losses can be unlimited.

 

The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option.

 

Purchasing a futures contract creates an obligation to take delivery of a specific type of financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price for contracts that require physical delivery, or net payment for cash-settled contracts. Engaging in transactions in futures contracts involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract at any particular time. All terms of futures contracts are set forth in the rules of the exchange on which the futures contracts are traded. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. Successful use of futures also is subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly the direction of movements in the relevant market, and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to determine the appropriate correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract. Futures contracts may be subject to price swings in daily settlements with exchanges and clearing houses.

 

Credit Derivatives. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may engage in trading or investing in credit derivative contracts, which are contracts that transfer price, spread and/or default risks of debt and other instruments from one party to another, both for bona fide hedging of existing long and short positions, but also for independent profit opportunities. Such instruments may include one or more credits. The market for credit derivatives may be relatively illiquid, and there are considerable risks that may make it difficult either to buy or sell the contracts as needed or at reasonable prices. There are also risks with respect to credit derivatives in determining whether an event will trigger payment under the contract and whether such payment will offset the loss or payment due under another instrument. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, a failure to pay, the acceleration of an obligation or modified restructuring of a credit obligation or instrument.

 

The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may be either the buyer or seller in these transactions. If the Fund is a buyer of credit protection and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing. Worse still, if a credit event occurs, the Fund, as a buyer, typically will receive full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. Buyers of credit derivatives carry the risk of non-performance by the seller due to an inability to pay.

 

As a seller of credit protection, the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) would typically receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and five years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the seller may pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligations. Sellers of credit derivatives carry the inherent price, spread and default risks of the underlying instruments.

 

Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to liquidity risk and credit risk. A buyer of credit protection also may lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur. If a credit event were to occur, the value of the reference obligation received by the seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund. Further, in certain circumstances, the buyer can receive the notional value of a credit default swap only by delivering a physical security to the seller, and is at risk if such deliverable security is unavailable or illiquid. Such a delivery “crunch” is a distinct risk of these investments.

 

The credit derivatives market is a rapidly evolving market. As a result, different participants in the credit derivatives markets may have different practices or interpretations with respect to applicable terms and definitions, and ambiguities concerning such terms or definitions, may be interpreted or resolved in ways that are adverse to the Fund. Additionally, there may be circumstances and market conditions (including the possibility of a large number of buyers of credit default swaps being required to deliver the same physical security in the same time frame) that have not yet been experienced that could have adverse effects on the Fund’s investments.

 

The regulation of derivatives in the United States and other countries is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. Accordingly, the impact of this evolving regulatory regime on the Fund is difficult to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.

 

Interest Rate Swaps Risk. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may enter into interest rate swap agreements with another party to receive or pay interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments) to protect itself from interest rate fluctuations. This type of swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals based upon or calculated by reference to a specified interest rate(s) for a specified amount. The payment flows are usually netted against each other, with the difference being paid by one party to the other. Interest rate swap agreements are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk, counterparty risk and interest rate risk.

 

Counterparty Risk. The Fund is exposed to the risk that third parties that may owe the Fund, or its issuers, money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties include trading counterparties, clearing agents/clearing members, exchanges, clearing houses, custodians, prime brokers, administrators and other intermediaries. These parties may default on their obligations to the Fund or its issuers, due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. This risk may arise, for example, from entering into swap or other derivative contracts under which counterparties have long-term obligations to make payments to the Fund or its issuers, or executing securities, futures, currency or commodity trades that fail to settle at the required time due to non-delivery by the counterparty or systems failure by clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other intermediaries. Also, any practice of rehypothecation of securities of the Fund or its issuers held by counterparties could result in the loss of such securities upon the bankruptcy, insolvency or failure of such counterparties. In addition, any of the Fund’s cash held with a prime broker, custodian or counterparty may not be segregated from the prime broker’s, custodian’s or counterparty’s own cash, and the Fund therefore may rank as an unsecured creditor in relation thereto. Even when the Fund’s assets are segregated from the Fund’s prime broker’s, custodian’s, clearing agent’s/clearing member’s, clearing house’s or other counterparty’s own assets, there is still risk that the Fund will be limited or significantly delayed in its ability to recover assets from such counterparties. For example, under current Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulations, a clearing member is required to maintain customers’ assets in omnibus accounts for all of its futures and cleared swaps customers segregated from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. If, however, a clearing member fails to segregate customer assets, is unable to satisfy a substantial deficit in a customer account, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, clearing member customers may be subject to risk of loss of their funds in the event of that clearing member’s bankruptcy. The Fund also might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of a Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held by the clearing member on behalf of customers by account class. It is not entirely clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearinghouse, or the clearing member through which the Fund holds its positions at a clearinghouse, would be conducted, what effect the insolvency proceeding would have on any recovery by the Fund, and what impact an insolvency of a clearinghouse or clearing member would have on the financial system more generally. The inability to recover the Fund’s assets could have a material impact on the performance of the Fund. The consolidation and elimination of counterparties resulting from the disruption in the financial markets has generally increased the concentration of counterparty risk and has decreased the number of potential counterparties.

 

Payment-in-Kind (“PIK”) Income Risk. The Fund may hold investments that result in PIK income or PIK dividends. PIK income creates the risk that incentive fees will be paid to the Adviser based on non-cash accruals that ultimately may not be realized, while the Adviser will be under no obligation to reimburse the Fund for these fees. PIK income may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a non-cash component of the Fund’s taxable income that may require cash distributions to shareholders in order to maintain the Fund’s ability to be subject to tax as a RIC. PIK income has the effect of generating investment income at a compounding rate, thereby further increasing the incentive fees payable to the Adviser. Similarly, all things being equal, the deferral associated with PIK income also increases the loan-to-value ratio at a compounding rate. The interest payments deferred on a PIK loan are subject to the risk that the borrower may default when the deferred payments are due in cash at the maturity of the loan. In addition, PIKs may have unreliable valuations because the accruals require judgments about ultimate collectability of the deferred payments and the value of the associated collateral. The market prices of PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Because PIK income results in an increase in the size of the PIK securities held, the Fund’s exposure to potential losses increases when a security pays PIK income.

 

Other Risks Relating to the Fund

 

Senior Management Personnel of the Adviser. Since the Fund has no employees, it depends on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of the Adviser. The Adviser evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of the Adviser and its senior management team. The departure of any members of the Adviser’s senior management team could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify, analyze, invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet the Fund’s investment criteria. The Adviser’s capabilities in managing the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to the Fund, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in the Fund’s investment selection and monitoring process. The Adviser may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support the Fund’s investment process could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement has termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreements without penalty. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the Adviser upon 60 days’ notice to the Fund. If the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may adversely affect the quality of the Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, in the event the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may be difficult for the Fund to replace the Adviser. Furthermore, the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement may adversely impact the terms of the Fund’s or its subsidiaries’ financing facilities or any financing facility into which the Fund or its subsidiaries may enter in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business and financial condition.

 

Key Personnel Risk. The Adviser depends on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of certain professionals, including professionals associated with the Underlying Funds. The Adviser also depends, to a significant extent, on access to other investment professionals and the information and deal flow generated by these investment professionals in the course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The Fund’s success depends on the continued service of such personnel. The investment professionals associated with the Adviser are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Fund’s business and affairs. The departure of any of the senior managers of the Adviser, or of a significant number of the investment professionals or partners of the Adviser’s affiliates, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Individuals not currently associated with the Adviser may become associated with the Fund and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals. In addition, there is no assurance that the Adviser will remain the Fund’s investment adviser or that the Adviser will continue to have access to the investment professionals and partners of its affiliates and the information and deal flow generated by the investment professionals of its affiliates.

 

The Adviser’s Relationships. The Fund expects that the Adviser (and an Underlying Fund’s investment manager) will depend on its existing relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks and commercial banks, and the Fund expects to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships for purposes of potential investment opportunities. If the Adviser fails to maintain its existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sources or sponsors of investment opportunities, the Fund may not be able to expand its investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the Adviser has relationships are not obligated to provide the Fund with investment opportunities and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for the Fund.

 

Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares. The Fund has been organized as a closed-end management investment company. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) because investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Unlike most closed-end funds, which typically list their shares on a securities exchange, the Fund does not currently intend to list the Shares for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future. Therefore, an investment in the Fund, unlike an investment in a typical closed-end fund, is not a liquid investment.

 

“Best-Efforts” Offering Risk. This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the Distributor is only required to use its best efforts to sell the Shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the Shares. To the extent that less than the maximum offering amount is subscribed for, the opportunity for the allocation of the Fund’s investments among various issuers and industries may be decreased, and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of the Fund’s expenses over a smaller capital base.

 

Inadequate Return Risk. No assurance can be given that the returns on the Fund’s investments will be commensurate with the risk of investment in its Shares.

 

Inadequate Network of Broker-Dealer Risk. The Fund’s ability to implement its investment objective and strategies, depends upon the ability of the Distributor to establish, operate and maintain a network of selected broker-dealers to sell the Shares. If the Distributor fails to perform, the Fund may not be able to raise adequate proceeds to implement the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. If the Fund is unsuccessful in implementing its investment objective and strategies, an investor could lose all or a part of his or her investment in the Fund.

 

Registration under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act. Registration with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” or any change in the Fund’s operations necessary to maintain the Adviser’s ability to rely upon an exemption or exclusion from registration as such could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to implement its investment program, conduct its operations and/or achieve its objective and subject the Fund to certain additional costs, expenses and administrative burdens.

 

Repurchase Offers Risks. As described under “Share Repurchase Program,” the Fund is an “interval fund” and, to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, makes quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to the Fund’s Shareholders, and generally are funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities, which may increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate. However, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund decreases the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratios. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may also affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities, and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities. If the Fund uses leverage, repurchases of Shares may compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows money to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing Fund expenses and reducing any net investment income. Certain Shareholders may from time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares. Repurchase requests by these Shareholders of these Shares of the Fund may cause repurchases to be oversubscribed, with the result that Shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased in connection with any repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed and the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to purchase, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. Shareholders will be subject to the risk of NAV fluctuations during that period. Thus, there is also a risk that some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarterly period, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. The NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may fluctuate between the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request and the Repurchase Request Deadline, and to the extent there is any delay between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Pricing Date. The NAV on the Repurchase Request Deadline or the Repurchase Pricing Date may be higher or lower than on the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request. See “Share Repurchase Program.”

 

Distribution Payment Risk. The Fund cannot assure investors that the Fund will achieve investment results that will allow the Fund to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of the Board and may depend on the Fund’s earnings, the Fund’s net investment income, the Fund’s financial condition, maintenance of the Fund’s RIC status, compliance with applicable regulations and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time.

 

In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, all or a substantial portion of the Fund’s distributions may constitute a return of capital to Shareholders. To the extent that the Fund pays distributions that constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will lower an investor’s tax basis in his or her Shares. A return of capital generally is a return of an investor’s investment, rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities, and generally results in a reduction of the tax basis in the Shares. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment.

 

Risks Associated with the Fund Distribution Policy. The Fund intends to make annual distributions. The Fund may pay out less than all of its net investment income to the extent consistent with maintaining its ability to be subject to treatment as a “RIC” for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Code, pay out undistributed income from prior months, return capital in addition to current period net investment income or borrow money to fund distributions. The distributions for any full or partial calendar year might not be made in equal amounts, and one distribution may be larger than the other. The Fund will make a distribution only if authorized by the Board and declared by the Fund out of assets legally available for these distributions. This distribution policy may, under certain circumstances, have certain adverse consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders because it may result in a return of capital, which would reduce the NAV of the Shares and, over time, potentially increase the Fund’s expense ratios. If a distribution constitutes a return of capital, it means that the Fund is returning to Shareholders a portion of their investment rather than making a distribution that is funded from the Fund’s earned income or other profits. The Fund’s distribution policy may be changed at any time by the Board.

 

There is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a calendar or taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income and net capital gains for the relevant taxable year. In such situations, if a distribution exceeds the Fund’s then-current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a portion of each distribution paid with respect to such taxable year would generally be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thereby reducing the amount of a Shareholder’s tax basis in such Shareholder’s Fund Shares. When a Shareholder sells Fund Shares, the amount, if any, by which the sales price exceeds the Shareholder’s tax basis in Fund Shares may be treated as a gain subject to tax. Because a return of capital reduces a Shareholder’s tax basis in Fund Shares, it generally will increase the amount of such Shareholder’s gain or decrease the amount of such Shareholder’s loss when such Shareholder sells Fund Shares. To the extent that the amount of any return of capital distribution exceeds a Shareholder’s tax basis in Fund Shares, such excess generally will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the Shares.

 

If the Fund elects to issue preferred Shares and/or notes or other forms of indebtedness, its ability to make distributions to its Shareholders may be limited by the asset coverage requirements and other limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the terms of the Fund’s Preferred Shares, notes or other indebtedness.

 

Investment Dilution Risk. The Fund’s investors do not have preemptive rights to any Shares the Fund may issue in the future. The Fund’s amended and restated declaration of trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) authorizes it to issue an unlimited number of Shares. The Board may make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. After an investor purchases Shares, the Fund may sell additional Shares in the future or issue equity interests in private offerings. To the extent the Fund issues additional equity interests after an investor purchases its Shares, such investor’s percentage ownership interest in the Fund will be diluted.

 

Anti-Takeover Risk. The Declaration of Trust and bylaws, as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire it. Subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, the Board may, without Shareholder action, authorize the issuance of Shares in one or more classes or series, including preferred Shares; and the Board may, without Shareholder action, make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give Shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the value of the Shares.

 

Conflicts of Interest Risk. The Adviser is an entity in which the Fund’s Interested Trustees, officers and portfolio manager may have indirect ownership and economic interests. Certain of the Fund’s Trustees and officers and portfolio manager may also serve as officers or principals of other investment managers affiliated with the Adviser that currently, and may in the future, manage investment funds with investment objectives similar to the Fund’s investment objective. In addition, certain of the Fund’s officers and Trustees and the portfolio manager serve or may serve as officers, trustees or principals of entities that operate in the same or related line of business as the Fund does or of investment funds managed by the Fund’s affiliates. Accordingly, the Fund may not be made aware of and/or given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by investment funds managed by advisers affiliated with the Adviser. However, the Adviser intends to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with the Adviser’s investment allocation policy, consistent with each fund’s or account’s investment objective and strategies and legal and regulatory requirements.

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Allocation of Personnel. The Fund’s executive officers and Trustees, and the employees of the Adviser, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund or of investment funds or accounts managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. As a result, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of the Fund or its Shareholders. Additionally, certain personnel of the Adviser and their management may face conflicts in their time management and commitments.

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Lack of Information Barriers. By reason of the various activities of the Adviser and its affiliates, the Adviser and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain Fund investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time.

 

Portfolio Fair Value Risk. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to carry its portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value. There is not a public market for the securities of the privately held companies in which the Fund may invest. Many of the Fund’s investments are not exchange-traded and will not have a readily determinable market price. The Adviser, as valuation designee, is responsible for the valuation of the Fund’s portfolio investments and implementing the portfolio valuation process set forth in the Adviser’s and the Fund’s valuation policy. Valuations of Fund investments are disclosed quarterly in reports publicly filed with the SEC. See “Determination of Net Asset Value.”

 

A high proportion of the Fund’s investments relative to its total investments are valued at fair value. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments include dealer quotes for securities traded on the OTC secondary market for institutional investors, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s earnings and its ability to make payments on its indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to selected publicly-traded companies, discounted cash flow and other relevant factors. The factors and methodologies used for the valuation of such securities are not necessarily an indication of the risks associated with investing in those securities nor can it be assured that the Fund can realize the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security. Such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, and they often reflect only periodic information received by the Adviser about such companies’ financial condition and/or business operations, which may be on a lagged basis and can be based on estimates. Determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an exchange-traded market for these securities existed. Investments in private companies are typically governed by privately negotiated credit agreements and covenants, and reporting requirements contained in the agreements may result in a delay in reporting their financial position to lenders, which in turn may result in the Fund’s investments being valued on the basis of this reported information. Further, the Fund is offered on a daily basis and calculates a daily NAV per Share. The Adviser seeks to evaluate material information about the Fund’s investments; however, for the reasons noted herein, the Adviser may not be able to acquire and/or evaluate properly such information on a daily basis. Due to these various factors, the Adviser’s fair value determinations could cause the Fund’s NAV on a valuation day to materially differ from what it would have been had such information been fully incorporated. As a result, investors who purchase shares may receive more or less shares and investors who tender their shares may receive more or less cash proceeds than they otherwise would receive.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to the Fund and, ultimately, Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.

 

Cybersecurity Risks. Cybersecurity incidents and cyber-attacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. The Adviser faces various security threats on a regular basis, including ongoing cyber security threats to and attacks on its information technology infrastructure that are intended to gain access to its proprietary information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage its systems. As the use of the internet and other technologies is prevalent in the course of business, the Fund and its service providers are more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cyberattacks. Cybersecurity incidents can result from deliberate attacks, such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cybersecurity failures or breaches of the Fund, its service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, can cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; the inability of Fund Shareholders to transact; violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement, or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. While measures have been developed that are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyberattacks, and the Adviser is not currently aware that it has been subject to cyber-attacks or other cyber incidents which, individually or in the aggregate, have materially affected its operations or financial condition, there can be no assurance that the various procedures and controls utilized to mitigate these threats will be sufficient to prevent disruptions to its systems, particularly since the Fund does not directly control the cybersecurity defenses or plans of their service providers, financial intermediaries, and companies in which it invests or with which it does business.

 

The Adviser’s and issuers’ information and technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes.

 

In addition, the Fund will heavily rely on the Adviser’s and third parties’ financial, accounting, information and other data processing systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third-party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in its activities. If any of these systems do not operate properly or are disabled for any reason or if there is any unauthorized disclosure of data, whether as a result of tampering, a breach of its network security systems, a cyber-incident or attack or otherwise, the Fund and/or the Adviser could suffer substantial financial loss, increased costs, a disruption of its businesses, liability to its investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. In addition, the Adviser operates in a business that is highly dependent on information systems and technology. The information systems and technology that the Adviser relies on may not continue to be able to accommodate their growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund and/or the Adviser.

 

A cybersecurity incident could have numerous material adverse effects, including on the operations, liquidity and financial condition of the Fund. Cyber threats and/or incidents could cause financial costs from the theft of Fund assets (including proprietary information and intellectual property) as well as numerous unforeseen costs including, but not limited to: litigation costs, preventative and protective costs, remediation costs and costs associated with reputational damage, any one of which, could be materially adverse to the Fund. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to prevent or mitigate such incidents. If systems and measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, are compromised, become inoperable for extended periods of time or cease to function properly, the Adviser, the Fund and/or an issuer may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in the Adviser’s, the Fund’s and/or an issuer’s operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to investors (and the beneficial owners of investors).

 

In addition, the Fund or the Adviser may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of third parties with which the Fund’s and the Adviser’s operations interface with and/or depend on third parties, including T. Rowe Price and other service providers. The Fund may suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failure to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them.

 

Non-Diversified Status. The Fund is a “non-diversified” investment company for purposes of the 1940 Act, which means it is not subject to percentage limitations under the 1940 Act on assets that may be invested in the securities of any one issuer. A fund that invests in a relatively smaller number of issuers is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political, geographic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund might be. In addition, poor performance by a single issuer could adversely affect fund performance more than if the fund were invested in a larger number of issuers. As a result, the Fund’s net asset value may be subject to greater volatility than that of an investment company that is subject to diversification limitations.

 

Risks Relating to Fund’s RIC Status. The Fund currently intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Code. Although the Fund intends to elect to be treated as a RIC under the Code, no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to qualify for and maintain RIC status. If the Fund qualifies as a RIC under the Code, the Fund generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on its income and capital gains that are timely distributed (or deemed distributed) as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to its Shareholders. To qualify as a RIC under the Code and to be relieved of federal taxes on income and gains distributed as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the Fund’s Shareholders, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income, meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for each taxable year. The Fund’s complex investment strategies may make compliance with such requirements more challenging. For purposes of meeting the source-of-income requirement, the character of the Fund’s income and gain derived through an Underlying Fund treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes (other than certain publicly traded partnerships) generally will be determined as if the Fund had realized such income and gain directly, in the same manner as realized by the Underlying Fund. The activities of Underlying Funds could therefore affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC. Additionally, failure to timely obtain sufficient information from the Underlying Funds or their managers, where information is not publicly available, could adversely impact the Fund’s ability to satisfy these requirements and result in the Fund incurring a tax liability, including an excise tax on under-distributed income and, in certain circumstances, U.S. federal income tax at corporate tax rates.

 

The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments under one or more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS or a change in law might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for such treatment.

 

Certain of the Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds intend to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If any of these funds were to fail to qualify to be treated as a partnership, the Fund may not meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC.

 

The Fund’s investment strategy includes the allocation of a portion of its portfolio to other funds that are intended to be treated as RICs. If any of these funds were to fail to qualify to be treated as a RIC, the Fund may not meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC. A sudden devaluation of any of such funds due to some unexpected events or market conditions could also significantly affect the Fund’s ability to meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC.

 

If the Fund were to fail to satisfy the RIC requirements, absent a cure, it would lose its status as a RIC under the Code. A cure may require disposition of certain investments in a short period of time, which could be difficult to execute if such investments are not liquid or otherwise subject to transfer restrictions. Such loss of RIC status could affect the amount, timing and character of the Fund’s distributions, and would cause all of the Fund’s taxable income to be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to investors. In addition, all distributions (including amounts that, if the Fund were a RIC, might be treated as capital gain dividends) would be taxed to their recipients as dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Accordingly, disqualification as a RIC would have a significant adverse effect on the value of the Shares.

 

RIC-Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income. Certain of the Fund’s investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a tax year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, certain of the Fund’s investments in loans and other debt instruments will be treated as having “market discount” and/or original issue discount (“OID”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which may result in the Fund recognizing income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income. In addition, the Fund expects to invest in Underlying Funds that are classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which may result in the Fund recognizing items of taxable income and gain prior to the time that the Fund receives cash distributions from the Underlying Fund. If the Fund receives an in-kind distribution of securities from an underlying investment, such securities may be illiquid or subject to transfer restrictions. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell liquid assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make distributions required in order to maintain its status as a RIC and avoid the imposition of U.S. federal income or excise tax. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize additional gain or loss on such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes additional net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than it or they would in the absence of such transactions.

 

 
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Capital Stock [Table Text Block]

DESCsRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE

 

The following description is based on relevant portions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended, and on the Declaration of Trust and bylaws. This summary is not intended to be complete. Please refer to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as amended, and the Declaration of Trust and bylaws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, for a more detailed description of the provisions summarized below.

 

Shares of Beneficial Interest

 

The Declaration of Trust authorizes the Fund’s issuance of an unlimited number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share. There is currently no market for Shares and the Fund does not expect that a market for Shares will develop in the foreseeable future. Pursuant to the Declaration of Trust and as permitted by Delaware law, Shareholders are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations organized for profit under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the “DGCL”) and therefore generally will not be personally liable for the Fund’s debts or obligations.

 

The following table shows the number of Shares of the Fund that were authorized and outstanding as of the date of this Prospectus:

 

Title of Class Amount Authorized Amount Held by Registrant or for its Account Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amount Held by Fund for its Account
Class A Shares Unlimited 0 0
Class D Shares Unlimited 0 0
Class I Shares Unlimited 0 4,000

 

Shares

 

Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, all Shares, when consideration for Shares is received by the Fund, will be fully paid and nonassessable. Distributions may be paid to Shareholders if, as and when authorized and declared by the Board. Shares will have no preference, preemptive, appraisal, conversion, exchange or redemption rights, and will be freely transferable, except where their transfer is restricted by law or contract. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board shall have the power to repurchase or redeem Shares. In the event of the Fund’s dissolution, after the Fund pays or adequately provides for the payment of all claims and obligations of the Fund, and upon the receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements deemed necessary by the Board, each Share will be entitled to receive, according to its respective rights, a pro rata portion of the Fund’s assets available for distribution, subject to any preferential rights of holders of the Fund’s outstanding Preferred Shares, if any. Each whole Share will be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share will be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. Shareholders shall be entitled to vote on all matters on which a vote of Shareholders is required by the 1940 Act, the Declaration of Trust or a resolution of the Board. There will be no cumulative voting in the election or removal of Trustees. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Fund is not required to hold annual meetings of Shareholders. The Fund only expects to hold Shareholder meetings to the extent required by the 1940 Act or pursuant to special meetings called by the Board or a majority of Shareholders.

 

 

Preferred Shares and Other Securities

 

The Declaration of Trust provides that the Board may, subject to the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions and the requirements of the 1940 Act, authorize and cause the Fund to issue securities of the Fund other than Shares (including Preferred Shares, debt securities or other senior securities), by action of the Board without the approval of Shareholders. The Board may determine the terms, rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions of such securities as the Board sees fit.

 

Preferred Shares could be issued with rights and preferences that would adversely affect Shareholders. Preferred Shares could also be used as an anti-takeover device. Every issuance of Preferred Shares will be required to comply with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires, among other things, that (i) immediately after issuance of Preferred Shares and before any distribution is made with respect to the Shares and before any purchase of Shares is made, the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference of such Preferred Shares together with the aggregate involuntary liquidation preference or aggregate value of all other senior securities must not exceed an amount equal to 50% of the Fund’s total assets after deducting the amount of such distribution or purchase price, as the case may be; and (ii) the holders of Preferred Shares, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two Trustees at all times and to elect a majority of the Trustees if distributions on such Preferred Shares are in arrears by two years or more. Certain matters under the 1940 Act require the separate vote of the holders of any issued and outstanding Preferred Shares.
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block]

The following table shows the number of Shares of the Fund that were authorized and outstanding as of the date of this Prospectus:

 

Title of Class Amount Authorized Amount Held by Registrant or for its Account Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amount Held by Fund for its Account
Class A Shares Unlimited 0 0
Class D Shares Unlimited 0 0
Class I Shares Unlimited 0 4,000
Investment and Trading Risks in General [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investment and Trading Risks in General. All securities investments risk the loss of capital. There can be no assurance that (i) the Adviser will be able to choose, make and realize investments on behalf of the Fund in any particular company or portfolio of companies, (ii) the Fund will be able to generate positive returns or that any positive returns will be commensurate with the risks of investing in the type of companies and transactions described herein or (iii) Shareholders will receive any distributions from the Fund. Shareholders could experience a loss of their entire investment in the Fund.
Unforeseen Market Events [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Unforeseen Market Events. Unpredictable environmental, political, social and economic events, including but not limited to, environmental or natural disasters, war and conflict (including Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine and the conflict in Israel, Gaza and surrounding areas), terrorism, geopolitical developments (including trading and tariff arrangements, sanctions and cybersecurity attacks), and public health epidemics or pandemics and similar public health threats, may significantly affect the economy and the markets and issuers in which a fund invests. The extent and duration of such events and resulting market disruptions cannot be predicted, but could be substantial and could magnify the impact of other risks to a fund. These and other similar events could adversely affect the U.S. and foreign financial markets and lead to increased market volatility, reduced liquidity in the securities markets, significant negative impacts on issuers and the markets for certain securities and commodities and/or government intervention. They may also cause short-or long-term economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. As a result, whether or not a fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of a fund’s investments may be negatively impacted. Some events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors, and industries more significantly than others and exacerbate other preexisting environmental, political, social, and economic risks. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators have in the past responded to major economic disruptions with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs, and dramatically lower interest rates. An unexpected or quick reversal of these policies, or the ineffectiveness of these policies, could lead to inflation, negatively impact overall investor sentiment and/or further increase volatility in securities markets.

 

Governments and regulators may take actions that affect the regulation of the funds or the instruments in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Future legislation or regulation or other governmental actions could limit or preclude the funds’ abilities to achieve their investment objectives or otherwise adversely impact an investment in the funds. Political and diplomatic events within the United States, including a contentious domestic political environment, changes in political party control of one or more branches of the U.S. government, the U.S. government’s inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, the threat of a U.S. government shutdown, and disagreements over, or threats not to increase, the U.S. government’s borrowing limit (or “debt ceiling”), as well as political and diplomatic events abroad, may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. A downgrade of the ratings of U.S. government debt obligations, or concerns about the U.S. government’s credit quality in general, could have a substantial negative effect on the U.S. and global economies. For example, concerns about the U.S. government’s credit quality may cause increased volatility in the stock and bond markets, higher interest rates, reduced prices and liquidity of U.S. Treasury securities, and/or increased costs of various kinds of debt. Moreover, although the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations, there remains a possibility that the United States could default on its obligations. The consequences of such an unprecedented event are impossible to predict, but it is likely that a default by the United States would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Funds’ investments.

 

Public health epidemics and pandemics have had an impact on a fund’s investments and net asset value and have led and may lead to increased market volatility and the potential for illiquidity in certain classes of securities and sectors of the market. Public health epidemics and pandemics may result in periods of disruptions to business operations, supply chains and customer activity, travel restrictions, business closures, inability to obtain raw materials, supplies and component parts, and reduced or disrupted operations for the issuers in which a fund invests. The occurrence, reoccurrence and pendency of public health epidemics or pandemics could adversely affect the economies and financial markets either in specific countries or worldwide.

 

In addition, the operations of the Fund, Price Associates, and the Fund’s service providers may be significantly impacted, or even temporarily halted, as a result of any impairment to their information technology and other operational systems and other factors related to public emergencies.

 

Global economies and financial markets have become increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibility that environmental, economic, financial, or political events and factors in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region or worldwide.

 
Allocation Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Allocation Risks. Investments in the Fund are subject to risks related to the investment adviser’s allocation choices. The selection of underlying investments, including allocations across the various Underlying Funds and to individual co-investment opportunities, as well as the relative allocation of the Fund’s assets to the various private markets strategies could cause the Fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

 
Risks Associated with the Fund's Structure [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Risks Associated with the Fund’s Structure. The Fund invests in Underlying Funds and strategies managed by each of T. Rowe Price and Goldman Sachs and incurs expenses related to such investments. Investors in the Fund will also incur fees in connection with certain expenses related to the operations of the Fund. Additionally, Price Associates expects to access private markets opportunities from Goldman Sachs and/or T. Rowe Price without considering the universe of other available third-party investment vehicles. This means that the Fund’s investment adviser does not, nor does it expect to, consider any available third-party investment vehicles managed by managers other than T. Rowe Price and/or Goldman Sachs as investment options for the Fund to obtain exposure to the various private markets asset classes. This strategy could raise certain conflicts of interest when determining the overall asset allocation of the Fund or choosing underlying investments for the Fund. See “Conflicts of Interest” in the SAI for additional information.

 
Operational Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Operational Risks. An investment in the Fund may be negatively impacted because of the operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. Although the Fund attempts to minimize such failures through controls and oversight, it is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result. Processes and controls developed may not eliminate or mitigate the occurrence or effects of all risks, and some risks simply may be beyond any control of the Fund, T. Rowe Price and its affiliates, or other service providers.

 
Closed-end Interval Fund; Liquidity Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Closed-end Interval Fund; Liquidity Risks. The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company structured as an “interval fund” and designed primarily for long-term investors. The Fund is not intended to be a typical traded investment. There is no secondary market for the Fund’s Shares and the Fund expects that no secondary market will develop. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies, commonly known as mutual funds, in that investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis at a price based on NAV. Although the Fund, as a fundamental policy, will make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, the number of Shares tendered in connection with a repurchase offer may exceed the number of Shares the Fund has offered to repurchase, in which case not all of your Shares tendered in that offer will be repurchased. In connection with any given repurchase offer, it is likely that the Fund may offer to repurchase only the minimum amount of 5% of its outstanding Shares. Hence, an investor may not be able to sell its Shares when and/or in the amount that it desires.

 

 
Competition for Investment Opportunities [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Competition for Investment Opportunities. The Fund competes for investments with other closed-end funds and investment funds, as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, have begun to invest in areas in which they have not traditionally invested. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities may intensify. Many of the Fund’s competitors are substantially larger and may have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to the Fund. In addition, some of the Fund’s competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than it has. These characteristics could allow the Fund’s competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and pay more competitive prices for investments than it is able to do. The Fund may lose investment opportunities if it does not match its competitors’ pricing. If the Fund is forced to match its competitors’ pricing, it may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on its investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of the Fund’s competitors could force it to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of the Fund’s competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on it as a closed-end fund.

 

In addition, certain provisions of the 1940 Act prohibit the Fund from engaging in transactions with the Adviser and its affiliates; however, unregistered funds also managed by the Adviser or its affiliates are not prohibited from the same transactions.

 

The 1940 Act also imposes significant limits on aggregated transactions with affiliates of the Fund. The Fund may rely on a Section 17(d) Exemptive Order from the SEC (“Section 17(d) Order”), which permits the Fund, among other things, to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain other persons, including certain affiliates of T. Rowe Price and certain funds managed by T. Rowe Price and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions.

 

Price Associates will not cause the Fund to engage in investments alongside affiliates in private placement securities that involve the negotiation of certain terms of the private placement securities to be purchased (other than price-related terms), except in reliance on the Section 17(d) Order or unless such investments otherwise qualify for another 1940 Act exemption or are entered into in accordance with interpretations of Section 17(d) and Rule 17d-1 as expressed in SEC no-action letters or other available guidance.

 

Prior to relying on the Section 17(d) Order, a “required majority” (as defined in Section 57(o) of the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s independent trustees must have approved policies and procedures of the Fund that are reasonably designed to ensure compliance with the terms of the Section 17(d) Order, and must also have reviewed the Adviser’s allocation policy and other Co-Investment policies. The exemptive order is subject to certain terms and conditions so there can be no assurance that the Fund will be permitted to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain of the affiliated funds other than in the circumstances currently permitted by regulatory guidance and the exemptive order. For example, in certain instances, the Fund’s ability to participate in such negotiated joint transactions alongside affiliated funds will require the “required majority” of the Fund’s independent trustees to reach certain conclusions in connection with investments alongside affiliates in private placement securities that involve the negotiation of certain terms of the private placement securities to be purchased (other than price-related terms), including that (1) the terms of the proposed transaction are reasonable and fair to the Fund and its shareholders and do not involve overreaching of the Fund or its shareholders on the part of any person concerned and (2) the transaction is consistent with the interests of the shareholders. The Section 17(d) Order is subject to certain terms and conditions so there can be no assurance that the Fund will be permitted to invest in aggregated transactions alongside certain of the Fund’s affiliates other than in the circumstances currently permitted by regulatory guidance and the Section 17(d) Order. The Adviser’s investment allocation policies and procedures can be revised by the Adviser at any time without notice to, or consent from, the shareholders.

 
Fund of Funds Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Fund of Funds Risk. Because the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in Underlying Funds, the risks associated with investing in the Fund are closely related to the risks associated with the securities and other investments held by the Underlying Funds. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective will depend upon the ability of the Underlying Funds to achieve their respective investment objectives. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of any Underlying Fund will be achieved.

 

The Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) will fluctuate in response to changes in the NAVs of the Underlying Funds in which it invests. The extent to which the investment performance and risks associated with the Fund correlate to those of a particular Underlying Fund will depend upon the extent to which the Fund’s assets are allocated from time to time for investment in the Underlying Fund, which will vary. Because the Fund’s NAV is related to the NAVs of the Underlying Funds in which it invests, inaccuracies, delays or other disruptions in the calculation of an underlying fund’s NAV may adversely impact the Fund.

 

The expenses associated with investing in a fund that invests a significant portion of its assets in other funds may be higher than those for funds that do not invest in other funds. By investing in the Fund, an investor will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the Underlying Funds – in some cases, including a performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocations (which are a share of an underlying fund’s returns that are paid to the underlying fund’s manager) – in addition to the Fund’s direct fees and expenses. The fees and expenses charged by the Underlying Funds could reduce the Underlying Funds’ returns and the Fund’s overall performance. Certain Underlying Funds may receive performance fees, carried interest or incentive allocations even if the overall performance of the Fund itself is negative. In addition, the use of a fund of funds structure could affect the timing, amount and character of distributions to shareholders and may therefore increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.

 

Certain Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest will not be registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act, and therefore the Fund, and indirectly, the Fund’s Shareholders, may not avail themselves of 1940 Act protections with respect to interests in such Underlying Funds. In addition, the Underlying Funds are not subject to the Fund’s investment restrictions and Underlying Funds that are not investment companies under the 1940 Act are generally subject to few investment limitations.

 

Although Fund Shareholders will receive information about the Fund’s investments through the Fund’s shareholder reports, certain of the Underlying Funds do not provide the same degree of information as funds registered under the 1940 Act, including with respect to the fund’s holdings, liquidity, and valuations. Fund Shareholders will have no right to receive information about the Fund’s investment in such Underlying Funds from the Underlying Funds, and will have no recourse against the Underlying Funds or their managers.

 
Fund Structure [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Fund Structure. With respect to the target allocations to Goldman Sachs and T. Rowe Price funds, the Adviser expects to invest in Underlying Funds managed or sponsored by either Goldman Sachs or T. Rowe Price without considering the universe of available investment options managed by other managers of funds. This means that the Adviser does not, nor does it expect to, consider any available investment options managed by managers other than Goldman Sachs or T. Rowe Price as investment options for the Fund. This creates an incentive for Price Associates to consider only Underlying Funds and strategies managed by T. Rowe Price and Goldman Sachs, even in circumstances when it may conflict or appear to conflict with the Fund’s and Shareholders’ interests. Such conflicts could arise in many circumstances, including, for example and without limitation, if one or more Underlying Funds’ performance lags market or competitor returns over extended periods. See “Conflicts of Interest.”

 
Incentive Allocation Arrangements [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Incentive Allocation Arrangements. An Underlying Fund’s manager may receive a performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocation that the Adviser has observed to be generally equal to 12.5% – 15% of the net profits earned by the Underlying Fund that it manages, typically subject to a preferred return. The performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocation is paid indirectly out of the Fund’s assets and therefore by investors in the Fund. These performance incentives may create an incentive for the underlying fund’s manager to make investments that are riskier or more speculative than those that might have been made in the absence of the performance fee, carried interest or incentive allocation.

 
Illiquidity of Underlying Fund Interests [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Illiquidity of Underlying Fund Interests. Interests in certain Underlying Funds are illiquid and may only be redeemed during periodic repurchase offers pursuant to which such Underlying Funds repurchase limited amounts of their outstanding shares at the underlying fund’s discretion. Underlying Funds generally have limited liquidity, typically 5% per quarter and, for certain Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds, limited to 2% per month. Similarly, certain Underlying Funds may have redemption penalties for redemptions that occur within one-year from time of subscription.

 

An Underlying Fund may accept less than the amount of underlying fund shares that the Fund tenders in a repurchase offer. Moreover, there is no regular market for interests in such Underlying Funds, which typically must be sold in privately negotiated transactions. Any such sales would likely require the consent of the Underlying Fund’s manager and could occur at a discount to the stated net asset value. If the Adviser determines to cause the Fund to sell its interest in an Underlying Fund, the Fund may be unable to sell such interest quickly, if at all, and could therefore be obligated to continue to hold such interest for an extended period of time, or to accept a lower price for a more expeditious sale. These liquidity constraints add to the challenges the Fund may face in complying with the RIC qualification requirements under the Code, particularly the asset diversification requirements, because the Fund may be unable to dispose of its interest in an Underlying Fund on a timely basis when needed to meet such requirements.

 
Liquidity and Valuation [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Liquidity and Valuation. The Fund may invest in securities, including interests in certain Underlying Funds, which are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer or for which no liquid market exists. Further, the Fund will be subject to certain material constraints on withdrawals from its investments in Underlying Funds that are private funds, registered closed-end investment companies (including, for example, interval funds), or business development companies. The sale of restricted and illiquid securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the OTC markets. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. Because the markets for such securities are still evolving, liquidity in these securities is limited and liquidity with respect to lower-rated and unrated subordinated classes may be even more limited. The Fund may be unable to liquidate all or a portion of its position in such securities. In addition, the market prices, if any, for such securities tend to be more volatile and the Fund may not be able to realize what it perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. The high yield securities markets have suffered periods of extreme illiquidity for certain types of instruments in the past.

 

The Fund’s holdings and investment strategies are not as transparent as public holdings (and the Fund generally will not look through to the Goldman Sachs’ Underlying Funds in determining compliance with its investment restrictions). Certain of the Underlying Funds held by the Fund do not determine their net asset value on a daily basis. Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds may be valued on either a monthly or quarterly basis, depending on the investment. Therefore, the Adviser relies primarily on the limited pricing and valuation information provided by Goldman Sachs or other Underlying Fund managers in order to value the Fund’s investments in such Underlying Funds. Investors should be aware that valuations of illiquid investments involve various judgments and consideration of factors that may be subjective. There is a risk that inaccurate valuations of portfolio positions could adversely affect the stated value of the Fund. For these reasons, among others, calculating the fair market value of certain of the Fund’s holdings may be difficult and involve uncertainties and judgment.

 

Certain of the Fund’s assets and liabilities may not have readily observable market prices and the valuation of such assets may rely on quoted prices in inactive markets or models that have observable inputs. Certain other categories of assets may lack any readily available market information and, accordingly, the valuation of such assets may rely substantially on models and significant unobservable inputs including assumptions from market participants. As such assets are not actively traded, their value can only be estimated using a combination of complex market prices, mathematical models and subjective assumptions. Information about market prices may be unavailable or difficult to obtain for investments that are not traded on an exchange or that trade less frequently, and the Adviser may determine the value of these investments by, among other things, using marked to market prices provided by dealers or pricing services, or through relative value pricing. When recent market quotations or other independent pricing information is not readily available, or does not (in the judgment of the Adviser) fairly represent the value of such investment, the Adviser will determine the value of an investment using other fair value methods determined in good faith. These methods may include, without limitation, use or consideration of third-party or proprietary pricing models; the cost of acquiring the investment; comparable issuer valuations; market prices of related instruments; recent private transactions of which the Adviser or its affiliates are aware (including recent transactions in which the Fund or other clients of the Adviser or its affiliates participated); book value, earnings or cash flow analyses; or any other information available to the Adviser or its affiliates regarding the relevant instrument, issuer or broader market events.

 

Many of the Fund’s investments are fair valued. Fair value pricing involves judgments that are inherently subjective and uncertain, and in some cases involves reliance on information provided by private issuers or other sources whose reporting standards vary. Information used to determine fair valuations may be available on an irregular or less frequent basis. As a result, the presence of fair-valued investments may increase the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value at times, while dampening it at other times, and this effect may be more pronounced to the extent fair values assigned to those investments represent a meaningful portion of the Fund’s overall portfolio value. While the Adviser will use its reasonable best efforts to value investments fairly, certain investments may be difficult to value and may be subject to varying interpretations of value. There can be no assurance that any fair values assigned to investments will reflect actual market value or will be realized upon the sale of such investments. If these valuations should prove to be incorrect, investors could be adversely affected, including (without limitation) when the Management Fee is calculated.

 

As permitted by Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, the Board has designated the Adviser as Valuation Designee to perform fair value determinations relating to all portfolio investments pursuant to the Valuation Procedures. The Valuation Designee may value Fund portfolio securities for which market quotations are not readily available and other Fund assets utilizing inputs from pricing services, quotation reporting systems, valuation agents and other third-party sources including the Underlying Funds, their affiliates and/or their agents.

 
New Fund [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

New Fund. Because the Fund is new, it has a relatively small number of shareholders and assets under management. As a result, the Adviser may experience difficulties in fully implementing the Fund’s investment program and may be less able to respond to increases in shareholder transaction activity. The Fund’s limited operating history could make it more difficult to evaluate the performance of the Fund’s investment strategies. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Fund will ultimately grow to an economically viable size, which could lead to the fund eventually ceasing its operations.

 
Private Equity Investments Generally [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Private Equity Investments Generally. The Fund will have significant exposure to private equity investments, which are exposed to a high degree of business and financial risk. Such risks may adversely affect the performance of any such investments and result in substantial losses to the Fund. While the targeted returns should reflect the perceived level of risk in any investment situation, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be adequately compensated for risks taken. A loss of principal is possible. The timing of profit realization is highly uncertain. Losses are likely to occur early, while successes often require a long maturation.

 

Private equity investments in highly leveraged companies involve a high degree of risk. Some of the Fund’s portfolio companies may be leveraged, which will increase the exposure of such companies to adverse economic factors such as downturns in the economy or deterioration in the conditions of such companies or their industry sectors. In the event any portfolio company cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt service, the Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of its invested capital, which would adversely affect the return on capital invested in the Fund.

 

The Fund may have investment exposure to companies that have already received one or more rounds of financing. These securities may be among the most junior in a portfolio company’s capital structure and thus subject the Fund to a greater risk of losing all or part of its invested capital. There will often be no collateral to protect the Fund’s investment exposure to such securities once made.

 

Certain Underlying Funds are likely to take a controlling interest in a material portion of portfolio companies. The exercise of control over a company may impose additional risks of liability for a variety of reasons, including environmental damage, product defects, failure to supervise management, violation of governmental regulations (including securities laws) or other types of liability in which the limited liability generally characteristic of business ownership may be ignored. If these liabilities were to arise, such Underlying Fund may suffer a significant loss. On the other hand, such an Underlying Fund may hold a non-controlling interest in certain investments and, therefore, may have a limited ability to protect its position in such investments. In such cases, the Underlying Fund will typically be significantly reliant on the existing management, board of directors and other shareholders of such companies, who may not be affiliated with the Underlying Fund and whose interests may conflict with the interests of the Underlying Fund.

 

Investments in private equity generally often require extensive due diligence activities prior to acquisition, including legal costs. If a proposed investment by an Underlying Fund is not consummated, all or a portion of such third-party expenses (for example, but not limited to, expenses attributable to investment bankers, legal and tax advice and consultants), which may be significant, may be borne by the Underlying Fund.

 

Investments in private equity may create additional challenges for the Fund in satisfying the RIC qualification requirements under the Code. Depending on the tax structure of a portfolio company, the Fund may be required to make an investment through a subsidiary that is treated as corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes in order for the Fund to satisfy the RIC gross income requirements. Investing through such a subsidiary would result in additional operating and administrative expenses and could cause income and gains attributable to the investment to be subject to corporate income tax at the subsidiary level, which would reduce the Fund’s returns. In addition, the use of such a subsidiary could make it more difficult for the Fund to comply with the asset diversification tests applicable to RICs.

 

The Fund or an Underlying Fund may be called upon to make follow-on investments in portfolio companies or have the opportunity to increase its investment in portfolio companies. There can be no assurance that the Fund or the Underlying Fund manager will make any such investment or that it will have sufficient funds to do so should the Adviser or the Underlying Fund manager wish to do so. Any decision by the Adviser or the Underlying Fund manager not to make such an investment, or any inability to do so, may have a substantial negative impact on the relevant portfolio company, may diminish the Fund’s or the Underlying Fund’s ability to influence the portfolio company’s future development, may result in dilution of the Fund’s or the Underlying Fund’s prior investment, and could impair the value of such underlying company and, in turn, the investment of the Fund therein. In the event the Fund or an Underlying Fund makes a follow-on investment, there is also the risk that the follow-on investment will not preserve, protect or enhance the existing investment, and the Fund may lose both its initial investment and the follow-on investment.

 

Most of the Fund’s investments in private equity will be highly illiquid, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to realize any such investment at any given time. Although investments by the Fund may generate current income, the return of capital and the realization of gains, if any, from such an investment will generally occur only upon the partial or complete disposition or refinancing of the investment. While a portfolio company may be sold at any time, it is not generally expected that this will occur for a number of years after the investment in such portfolio company is made, and some investments may be held for much longer periods of time. Moreover, an investment that initially consists of an interest in assets may be exchanged, contributed or otherwise converted into private or publicly-traded stock of a corporation, interests in a limited liability company or other interests or assets (and vice-versa), and any such exchange, contribution or conversion will likely not constitute a disposition of the type that results in investors receiving distributions. In addition, the Fund will generally not be able to sell its private equity securities publicly unless their sale is registered under applicable securities laws, or unless an exemption from such registration requirements is available. In addition, in some cases the Fund may be prohibited by contract or legal or regulatory reasons from selling certain securities for a period of time.

 
Early-Stage and Late-Stage Companies [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Early-Stage and Late-Stage Companies. The Fund is expected to have significant exposure to companies in a relatively early-stage of development. Early-stage companies often experience unexpected problems in the areas of product development, manufacturing, marketing, financing and general management, which, in some cases, cannot be adequately solved. In addition, such companies may require substantial amounts of financing, which may not be available through institutional private placements or the public markets. The percentage of companies that survive and prosper is small. Furthermore, companies at an early stage may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing and service capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. Such companies will often rely upon rapidly changing technologies. Therefore, technological obsolescence and other technology risks may also adversely impact the performance of these companies. In all cases, the Fund will be subject to the risks associated with the underlying businesses engaged in by its portfolio companies.

 

The Fund is expected to also have exposure to late-stage investments. Investments in more mature companies also involve substantial risks. Such companies typically have obtained capital in the form of debt and/or equity to expand rapidly, reorganize operations, acquire a business, or develop new products and markets. These activities by definition involve a significant amount of corporate change and could give rise to significant problems, whether they be in product development, sales and manufacturing or the general management of any such activities.

 
Investments in Public Companies [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investments in Public Companies. The Fund may hold investments in public companies, particularly companies in which it invested prior to an initial public offering of securities. Investments in public companies will subject the Fund to risks that differ in type or degree from those involved with investments in privately-held companies. Such risks include, without limitation, movements in the stock markets and trends in the overall economy, greater volatility in the valuation of such companies, increased obligations to disclose information regarding such companies, limitations on the ability of the Fund to dispose of such securities at certain times (including due to the possession by the Adviser of material non-public information), and increased likelihood of shareholder litigation against such companies’ board members.

 
Small and Medium Capitalization Companies [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Small and Medium Capitalization Companies. The Fund will have exposure to investments in the securities of small and medium capitalization companies. Investing in lesser known, small and medium capitalization companies may involve greater risk than is customarily associated with investing in larger, more established companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning small and medium-sized companies than for larger, more established companies.

 

Some small and medium capitalization companies have limited product lines, distribution channels and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets than do larger companies. Also, because smaller and medium capitalization companies normally have fewer shares outstanding than larger companies and trade less frequently, it may be more difficult for the Fund to trade significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices.

 
PIPE Transactions [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

PIPE Transactions. Private investments in public companies whose stocks are quoted on stock exchanges or which trade in the over-the-counter securities market, a type of investment commonly referred to as a “PIPE” transaction, may be entered into with smaller capitalization public companies, which will entail business and financial risks comparable to those of investments in the publicly-issued securities of smaller capitalization companies, which may be less likely to be able to weather business or cyclical downturns than larger companies and are more likely to be substantially hurt by the loss of a few key personnel. In addition, PIPE transactions will generally result in the Fund acquiring either restricted stock or an instrument convertible into restricted stock. As with investments in other types of restricted securities, such an investment may be illiquid. The Fund’s ability to dispose of securities acquired in PIPE transactions may depend on the registration of such securities for resale. Any number of factors may prevent or delay a proposed registration. Alternatively, it may be possible for securities acquired in a PIPE transaction to be resold in transactions exempt from registration in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or otherwise under the U.S. federal securities laws. There can be no guarantee that there will be an active or liquid market for the stock of any small capitalization company due to the possible small number of stockholders. As a result, even if the Fund is able to have securities acquired in a PIPE transaction registered or sell such securities through an exempt transaction, the Fund may not be able to sell all the securities on short notice, and the sale of the securities could lower the market price of the securities. There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the securities will exist at the time of disposition of the securities, and the lack of such a market could hurt the market value of the Fund’s investments.

 
Operating and Financial Risks of Portfolio Companies [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Operating and Financial Risks of Portfolio Companies. The value or performance of the Fund’s portfolio companies could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, adverse business developments, a change in the competitive environment or an economic downturn.

 

As a result, portfolio companies that the Adviser may have expected to be stable may operate at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or to maintain their competitive positions, or may otherwise be in a weak financial condition or experience financial distress from time to time. In some cases, the success of the Fund’s investment strategy and approach may depend in part on the ability of the Underlying Fund’s investment manager to effect improvements in the operations of a portfolio company and/or recapitalize its balance sheet. The activity of identifying and implementing operating improvements and/or recapitalization programs entails a high degree of uncertainty.

 

There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to successfully identify or implement such improvements or programs.

 
Investment and Due Diligence Process [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investment and Due Diligence Process. Due diligence generally entails evaluation of important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, environmental and legal issues. Before making investments, the Adviser will conduct due diligence that it deems reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment, including the time frame in which a particular investment needs to be made and the information available to the Adviser (both of which, at times, may be limited). When conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment, the Adviser will rely on the resources reasonably available to it. For example, outside consultants, legal advisors, accountants and other third parties may be involved in the due diligence process to varying degrees depending on the type of investment and the facts and the circumstances related thereto, and the Adviser may rely on the advice of such parties. However, whether or not known to the Adviser at the time, and especially with respect to illiquid investments, such resources may not be sufficient, accurate, complete or reliable and due diligence may not reveal or highlight matters that could have a material adverse effect on the value of an investment. For example, there can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to detect or prevent irregular accounting, employee misconduct or other fraudulent practices during the due diligence phase of an investment or during its efforts to monitor an investment on an ongoing basis.

 

At times, the investment opportunities pursued by the Fund or an Underlying Fund require rapid execution, and investment analyses and due diligence, negotiations and decisions by the Adviser may be required to be undertaken on an expedited basis. From time to time, in such cases, the information available to the Adviser at the time of an investment decision may be limited, and, in such cases, and especially with respect to illiquid investments, the Adviser may not have access to detailed information regarding the investment opportunity or an opportunity to diligence or confirm information regarding the opportunity. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the Adviser will have knowledge of circumstances that may adversely affect an investment or be in a position to negotiate terms that appropriately address such risks. It frequently is difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of an issuer, and the Adviser may rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations and disclosures made by issuers or their owners (which, in either case, even of themselves may be very limited in scope) in the due diligence process when it makes an investment or otherwise in the public filings of such issuer. Moreover, there can be no assurance that attempts to obtain downside protection with respect to assets or companies in which the Fund invests will achieve their desired effect, and in certain cases, depending on the type of security or type of issuer, an opportunity may only be available on the basis of limited disclosures, representations, warranties or covenants (e.g., “covenant lite” instruments), and the lack of robust representations, warranties or covenants is likely to increase the risk associated with the investment.

 

In countries where generally accepted accounting principles and practices differ significantly from those practiced in the United States, the evaluation of potential investments and the ability to perform due diligence may also be affected. For example, the assets and profits appearing on financial statements of a company operating in one or more non-U.S. countries may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected if financial statements had been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, information available to the Adviser, including both general economic and commercial information and information concerning specific enterprises, securities or assets, may be relatively less reliable, detailed or accurate. In addition, for companies that keep accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules may require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the company’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power while others do not permit such restatement. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits or disguise true losses or profits.

 
Investments with Third Parties; Co-Investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investments with Third Parties; Co-Investments. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may co-invest with third parties through joint ventures or other entities. A “Co-Investment” means an investment primarily alongside transaction sponsors or related vehicles in the same class of equity or debt securities or other instruments as such transaction sponsors or vehicles (including but not limited to common stock, preferred stock and warrants) and other investments alongside such entities. Such investments may involve risks in connection with such third-party involvement, including the possibility that a third party co-venturer may have financial difficulties, resulting in a negative impact on such investment, may have economic or business interests or goals which are inconsistent with those of the Fund, or may be in a position to take (or block) action in a manner contrary to the Fund’s investment objectives. In addition, the Fund may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of its third-party co-venturers. In those circumstances where such third parties involve a management group, such third parties may receive compensation arrangements relating to such investments, including incentive compensation arrangements.

 

The Fund’s ability to realize a profit on such Co-Investments will be particularly reliant on the expertise of the lead investor in the transaction. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be given Co-Investment opportunities, or that any specific Co-Investment offered to the Fund would be appropriate or attractive to the Fund in the Adviser’s judgment. The market for Co-Investment opportunities is competitive and may be limited, and the Co-Investment opportunities to which the Fund wishes to allocate assets may not be available at any given time. Due diligence will be conducted on Co-Investment opportunities; however, the Adviser may not have the ability to conduct the same level of due diligence applied to other investments. In addition, the Adviser may have little to no opportunities to negotiate the terms of such Co-Investments. The Fund generally will rely on the sponsor offering such Co-Investment opportunity to perform most of the due diligence on the relevant portfolio company and to negotiate terms of the Co-Investment.

 

The Fund’s ability to dispose of Co-Investments may be severely limited, both by the fact that the securities are expected to be unregistered and illiquid and by contractual restrictions that may limit, preclude or require certain approvals for the Fund to sell such investment. Co-Investments may be heavily negotiated and, therefore, the Fund may incur additional legal and transaction costs in connection therewith.

 

Many entities compete with the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) in pursuing Co-Investments. These competitors may have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to the Fund. In addition, some competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of, or different structures for, private investments than the Fund. Furthermore, many competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on the Fund. As a result of this competition and regulatory restrictions, the Fund may not be able to pursue attractive Co-Investment opportunities from time to time.

 
Private Credit [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Private Credit. The Fund will invest in one or more Underlying Funds with a private credit mandate. While some of the loans in which an Underlying Fund invests may be secured, it may also invest in debt or equity securities that are either unsecured and subordinated to substantial amounts of senior indebtedness, or a significant portion of which may be unsecured. In such instances, the ability of the Underlying Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under terms of subordination agreements, senior creditors are typically able to block the acceleration of the debt or other exercises by the Underlying Fund of its rights as a creditor. Accordingly, the Underlying Fund may not be able to take the steps necessary to protect its investments in a timely manner or at all. In addition, the debt securities in which it intends to invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may have limited liquidity and may not be rated by a credit rating agency.

 

 

The borrowers of loans constituting an Underlying Fund’s assets may seek the protections afforded by bankruptcy, insolvency and other debtor relief laws. Bankruptcy proceedings are unpredictable as described further below in “Investments in Restructurings.” Additionally, the numerous risks inherent in the insolvency process create a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in any particular investment. Insolvency laws may, in certain jurisdictions, result in a restructuring of the debt without the Underlying Fund’s consent under the “cramdown” provisions of applicable insolvency laws and may also result in a discharge of all or part of the debt without payment to the Underlying Fund.

 

Debt securities are also subject to other risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance,” (ii) the recovery of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the period before an insolvency filing as a “preference,” (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors, (iv) so called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations (see “Risks Related to Investments in Loans”) and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Additionally, adverse credit events with respect to any issuer, such as missed or delayed payment of interest and/or principal, bankruptcy, receivership, or distressed exchange, can significantly diminish the value of the Fund’s investment in any such company. An Underlying Fund’s investments may be subject to early redemption features, refinancing options, pre-payment options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by the Underlying Fund earlier than expected. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that an Underlying Fund’s investment objective will be realized.

 

In addition, during periods of market disruption, borrowers of loans constituting the Underlying Fund’s assets may be more likely to seek to draw on unfunded commitments the Underlying Fund has made, and the Underlying Fund’s risk of being unable to fund such commitments is heightened during such periods.

 
Credit Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Credit Risk. The Fund is subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when due. The Fund’s return to investors would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due.

 

Although the Fund or an Underlying Fund may make investments that the Adviser believes are secured by specific collateral, the value of which may initially exceed the principal amount of such investments or the Fund’s fair value of such investments, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal payments with respect to such investment, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. The Fund may also invest in leveraged loans, high yield securities, marketable and non-marketable common and preferred equity securities and other unsecured investments, each of which involves a higher degree of risk than senior secured loans. Furthermore, the Fund’s right to payment and its security interest, if any, may be subordinated to the payment rights and security interests of a senior lender, to the extent applicable. Certain of these investments may have an interest-only payment schedule, with the principal amount remaining outstanding and at risk until the maturity of the investment. In addition, loans may provide for payments-in-kind, which have a similar effect of deferring current cash payments. In such cases, an issuer’s ability to repay the principal of an investment may depend on a liquidity event or the long-term success of the company, the occurrence of which is uncertain.

 

With respect to the Fund’s (or an Underlying Fund’s) investments in any number of credit products, if the borrower or issuer breaches any of the covenants or restrictions under the credit agreement that governs loans of such issuer or borrower, it could result in a default under the applicable indebtedness as well as the indebtedness held by the Fund. Such default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt and may result in the acceleration of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. This could result in an impairment or loss of the Fund’s investment or a pre-payment (in whole or in part) of the Fund’s investment.

 

Similarly, while the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) will generally target investing in companies it believes are of high quality, these companies could still present a high degree of business and credit risk. Companies in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests could deteriorate as a result of, among other factors, an adverse development in their business, a change in the competitive environment or the continuation or worsening of the current (or any future) economic and financial market downturns and dislocations. As a result, companies that the Fund expected to be stable or improve may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant variations in operating results, may require substantial additional capital to support their operations or maintain their competitive position, or may otherwise have a weak financial condition or experience financial distress. In addition, exogenous factors such as fluctuations of the equity markets also could result in warrants and other equity securities or instruments owned by the Fund becoming worthless.

 
Credit Spread Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Credit Spread Risk. Credit spread risk is the risk that credit spreads (i.e., the difference in yield between securities that is due to differences in their credit quality) may increase when the market expects below-investment-grade bonds to default more frequently. Widening credit spreads may quickly reduce the market values of below-investment-grade and unrated securities. In recent years, the U.S. capital markets experienced extreme volatility and disruption following the spread of COVID-19, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and other economic disruptions, which increased the spread between yields realized on risk-free and higher risk securities, resulting in illiquidity in parts of the capital markets. Central banks and governments played a key role in reintroducing liquidity to parts of the capital markets. Future exits of these financial institutions from the market may reintroduce temporary illiquidity. These and future market disruptions and/or illiquidity would be expected to have an adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 
Risks Related to Investments in Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Risks Related to Investments in Loans. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest in loans, either through primary issuances or in secondary transactions, including potentially on a synthetic basis. The value of the Fund’s loans may be detrimentally affected to the extent a borrower defaults on its obligations. There can be no assurance that the value assigned by the Adviser can be realized upon liquidation, nor can there be any assurance that any related collateral will retain its value. Furthermore, circumstances could arise (such as in the bankruptcy of a borrower) that could cause the Fund’s security interest in the loan’s collateral to be invalidated. Also, much of the collateral will be subject to restrictions on transfer intended to satisfy securities regulations, which will limit the number of potential purchases if the Fund intends to liquidate such collateral. The amount realizable with respect to a loan may be detrimentally affected if a guarantor, if any, fails to meet its obligations under a guarantee. Finally, there may be a monetary, as well as a time cost involved in collecting on defaulted loans and, if applicable, taking possession of various types of collateral. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest in first lien senior secured, second and third lien loans and any other loans.

 
Covenant-Lite Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Covenant-Lite Loans. Some of the loans with which the Fund may have exposure may be “covenant-lite” loans. “Covenant-lite” loans refer generally to loans that do not have a complete set of financial maintenance covenants. Generally, “covenant-lite” loans provide borrower companies more freedom to negatively impact lenders because their covenants are incurrence-based, which means they are only tested and can only be breached following an affirmative action of the borrower, rather than by a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition. Accordingly, to the extent the Fund invests in “covenant-lite” loans, the Fund may have fewer rights against a borrower and may have a greater risk of loss on such investments as compared to investments in or exposure to loans with financial maintenance covenants.

 
First Lien Senior Secured Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

First Lien Senior Secured Loans. It is expected that when the Fund or an Underlying Fund makes a senior secured term loan investment in an issuer, it will generally take a security interest in substantially all of the available assets of the issuer, including the equity interests of its domestic subsidiaries, which the Fund expects to help mitigate the risk that it will not be repaid. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing the Fund’s loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the issuer to raise additional capital, and, in some circumstances, the Fund’s lien could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, deterioration in an issuer’s financial condition and prospects, including its inability to raise additional capital, may be accompanied by deterioration in the value of the collateral for the loan. Consequently, the fact that a loan is secured does not guarantee that the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) will receive principal and interest payments according to the loan’s terms, or at all, or that it will be able to collect on the loan should it be forced to enforce its remedies.

 
Second Lien Senior Secured Loans and Junior Debt investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Second Lien Senior Secured Loans and Junior Debt investments. Second and third lien loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to senior loans described above. The Fund’s second lien senior secured loans will be subordinated to first lien loans and the Fund’s junior debt investments, such as mezzanine loans, generally will be subordinated to both first lien and second lien loans and have junior security interests or may be unsecured. As such, to the extent the Fund holds second lien senior secured loans and junior debt investments, holders of first lien loans may be repaid before the Fund in the event of a bankruptcy or other insolvency proceeding. Therefore second and third lien loans are subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the related obligor and the property securing the second or third lien loan may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any senior secured obligations of the related obligor. This may result in an above average amount of risk and loss of principal. Second and third lien loans are also expected to be more illiquid than senior loans.

 
Unsecured Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Unsecured Loans. Unsecured loans are subject to the same investment risks generally applicable to loans described above but are subject to additional risk that the assets and cash flow of the related obligor may be insufficient to repay the scheduled payments to the lender after giving effect to any secured obligations of the obligor. Unsecured loans will be subject to certain additional risks to the extent that such loans may not be protected and such loans are not secured by collateral, financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness. Unsecured loans are also expected to be a more illiquid investment than senior loans for this reason.

 
Other Risks Related to Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Other Risks Related to Loans. Under the agreements governing most syndicated loans, should a holder of an interest in a syndicated loan wish to call a default or exercise remedies against a borrower, it could not do so without the agreement of at least a majority of the other lenders. Actions could also be taken by a majority of the other lenders, or in some cases, a single agent bank, without the consent of all lenders. Each lender would nevertheless be liable to indemnify the agent bank for its ratable share of expenses or other liabilities incurred in such connection and, generally, with respect to the administration and any renegotiation or enforcement of the syndicated loans. Moreover, an assignee or participant in a loan may not be entitled to certain gross-up payments in respect of withholding taxes and other indemnities that otherwise might be available to the original holder of the loan.

 

Furthermore, the Adviser may invest a portion of the Fund’s assets in bank loans and participations. The special risks associated with these obligations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments with other institutions with lower credit quality and (iii) limitations on the ability of the Fund or the Adviser to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. The Adviser will seek to balance the magnitude of these and other risks identified by it against the potential investment gain prior to entering into each such investment. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks, absent bad faith, may be borne by the Fund. Bank loans are frequently traded on the basis of standardized documentation which is used in order to facilitate trading and market liquidity. There can be no assurance, however, that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity or that the current level of liquidity will continue or that the same documentation will be used in the future. The settlement of trading in bank loans often requires the involvement of third parties, such as administrative or syndication agents, and there presently is no central clearinghouse or authority which monitors or facilitates the trading or settlement of all bank loan trades. Often, settlement may be delayed based on the actions of any third party or counterparty, and adverse price movements may occur in the time between trade and settlement, which could result in adverse consequences for the Fund.

 

In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to a borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of certain of the Fund’s investments, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability.

 

The Fund’s investment program may include bank loan assignments and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (i) the possible avoidance of an investment transaction as a “preferential transfer,” “fraudulent conveyance” or “fraudulent transfer,” among other avoidance actions, under relevant bankruptcy, insolvency and/or creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations; and (v) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the participant rather than the actual borrower.

 

The Fund or an Underlying Fund may acquire interests in bank loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the borrower. The Fund would, in such a case, have the right to receive payments of principal and interest to which it is entitled only from the institution selling the participation, and not directly from the borrower, and only upon receipt by such institution of such payments from the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund typically will not have the right to vote on matters requiring a vote of holders of the underlying debt and may have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, or any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the applicable loan. As a result, if the Fund were to hold a participation, it would assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. As a result, concentrations of participations from any one selling institution subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such selling institution. In addition, because bank loans are not typically registered under the federal securities laws like stocks and bonds, investors in loans have less protection against improper practices than investors in registered securities. In certain circumstances, investing in the form of participation may be the most advantageous or only route for the Fund to make or hold any such investment, including in light of limitations relating to local laws or the willingness of administrative agents or borrowers to allow the Fund to become a direct lender.

 

Finally, loans may become non-performing for a variety of reasons. Non-performing debt obligations may require substantial workout negotiations, restructuring or bankruptcy filings that may entail a substantial reduction in the interest rate, deferral of payments and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of a loan or conversion of some or all of the debt to equity. Additional costs associated with these activities may reduce returns.

 
Unitranche Loans [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Unitranche Loans. Unitranche loans provide leverage levels comparable to a combination of first lien and second lien or subordinated loans. From the perspective of a lender, in addition to making a single loan, a unitranche loan may allow the lender to choose to participate in the “first out” tranche, which will generally receive priority with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due, or to choose to participate only in the “last out” tranche, which is generally paid after the “first out” tranche is paid. The Fund intends to participate in “first out” and “last out” tranches of unitranche loans and make single unitranche loans.

 
Investments in Middle-Market Companies [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investments in Middle-Market Companies. Investments in middle-market companies such as those that the Fund may invest in, while often presenting greater opportunities for growth, may also entail larger risks than are customarily associated with investments in large companies. Middle-market companies may have more limited product lines, capitalization, markets and financial resources, and may be dependent on a smaller management group. As a result, such companies may be more vulnerable to general economic trends and to specific changes in markets and technology. In addition, future growth may be dependent on additional financing, which may not be available on acceptable terms when required. Furthermore, there is ordinarily a more limited marketplace for the sale of interests in smaller, private companies, which may make realizations of gains more difficult, by requiring sales to other private investors. In addition, the relative illiquidity of investments held by closed-end funds generally, and the somewhat greater illiquidity of closed-end fund investments in middle-market companies, could make it difficult for the Fund to react quickly to negative economic or political developments.

 
Investments in Less Established Companies [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investments in Less Established Companies. The Fund and its Underlying Funds may invest a portion of their assets in the securities of less established companies. Certain of the investments may be in businesses with little or no operating history. Investments in such early-stage growth companies may involve greater risks than are generally associated with investments in more established companies. To the extent there is any public market for the securities held by the Fund or an Underlying Fund, such securities may be subject to more abrupt and erratic market price movements than those of larger, more established companies. Less established companies tend to have lower capitalizations and fewer resources and are, therefore, often more vulnerable to financial failure. Such companies also may have shorter operating histories on which to judge future performance and in many cases, if operating, will have negative cash flow. There can be no assurance that any such losses will be offset by gains (if any) realized on the Fund’s other investments. In addition, less mature companies could be deemed to be more susceptible to irregular accounting or other fraudulent practices. In the event of fraud by any company in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests, the Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in that company.

 

The Fund may have exposure to issuers that: (i) have little or no operating history, (ii) offer services or products that are not yet ready to be marketed, (iii) are operating at a loss or have significant fluctuations in operating results, (iv) are engaged in a rapidly changing business or (v) need substantial additional capital to set up internal infrastructure, hire management and personnel, support expansion or achieve or maintain a competitive position. Such issuers may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel.

 
High Yield Debt [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

High Yield Debt. The Fund may have exposure to debt securities that may be classified as “higher-yielding” (and, therefore, higher-risk) debt securities (also known as “junk bonds”). In most cases, such debt will be rated below “investment grade” or will be unrated and will face both ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions and the issuer’s failure to make timely interest and principal payments. The market for high yield securities (junk bonds) has experienced periods of volatility and reduced liquidity. High yield securities (junk bonds) may or may not be subordinated to certain other outstanding securities and obligations of the issuer, which may be secured by all or substantially all of the issuer’s assets. High yield securities (junk bonds) may also not be protected by financial covenants or limitations on additional indebtedness. The market values of certain of these debt securities may reflect individual corporate developments. General economic recession or a major decline in the demand for products and services in the industry in which the borrower operates would likely have a materially adverse impact on the value of such securities or could adversely affect the ability of the issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon and increase the incidence of default of such securities. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the value and liquidity of these high yield debt securities (junk bonds).

 
Distressed Credit Investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Distressed Credit Investments. The Fund’s exposure to distressed credit investments (e.g., investments in defaulted, out-of-favor or distressed bank loans and debt and equity securities) are inherently speculative and are subject to a high degree of risk. Companies experiencing financial distress are often those operating at a loss or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period. Companies experiencing financial distress may be involved in insolvency proceedings and have the need for substantial additional capital to support continued operations or to improve their financial condition and may have very high amounts of leverage. Distressed companies typically are in default under, or have a significant risk of an inability to service, their debt obligations, especially during an economic downturn or periods of rising interest rates, may not have access to more traditional methods of financing and may be unable to repay debt by refinancing. Investments in distressed companies may be premised on a turnaround strategy. If turnarounds are not achieved, these companies could experience failures or substantial declines in value, and the Fund may not be able to divest itself of such unprofitable investments in a timely fashion or at all. Additionally, turnarounds may not be achieved within the contemplated investment horizons.

 

The value of distressed instruments tends to be more volatile and may have an increased price sensitivity to changing interest rates and adverse economic and business developments than other securities or instruments. Distressed credit investments are often more sensitive to company-specific developments and changes in economic conditions than other securities. Furthermore, distressed debt instruments are often unsecured and may be subordinated to senior debt. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund should only be considered by persons who can afford a loss of their entire investment.

 
Mezzanine Investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Mezzanine Investments. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may make mezzanine investments. Such investments, if made, may be unsecured and made in companies whose capital structures have significant indebtedness ranking ahead of the Fund’s investments, all or a significant portion of which may be secured. While the Fund’s mezzanine investments may benefit from the same or similar financial and other covenants as those enjoyed by the indebtedness ranking ahead of such investments and may benefit from cross-default provisions and security over the assets of the issuer, some or all of such terms may not be part of particular investments. Moreover, the ability of the Fund to influence an issuer’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. Mezzanine investments generally are subject to various risks, including, without limitation: (i) a subsequent characterization of an investment as a “fraudulent conveyance”; (ii) the recovery as a “preference” of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the 90 days before a bankruptcy filing; (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors; (iv) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations.

 
Collateralized Loan Obligations [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Collateralized Loan Obligations. The Fund may have exposure to investments in collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured investments. A CLO is an asset-backed security whose underlying collateral is a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign floating rate and fixed rate senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. In the case of most CLOs, the structured finance securities are issued in multiple tranches, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics, often categorized as senior, mezzanine and subordinated/equity according to their degree of risk. If there are defaults or the relevant collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches of such securities take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches have a priority in right of payment to subordinated/equity tranches. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the collateral and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances.

 

Because it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying collateral and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity and mezzanine tranches, more senior tranches of CLOs can experience losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of more subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class.

 

In light of the above, CLOs may therefore present risks similar to those of other types of debt obligations and, in fact, such risks may be of greater significance in the case of CLOs depending upon the Fund’s ranking in the capital structure. In certain cases, losses may equal the total amount of the Fund’s principal investment. Investments in structured vehicles involve risks, including credit risk and market risk. Changes in interest rates and credit quality may cause significant price fluctuations.

 

In addition to the general risks associated with investing in debt securities and asset-backed securities (e.g., interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk), CLO securities carry additional risks, including: (1) the possibility that distributions from collateral assets will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (2) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (3) the Fund may invest in tranches of a CLO that are subordinate to other classes; and (4) the complex structure of a particular security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results. Additionally, changes in the collateral held by a CLO may cause payments on the instruments held by the Fund to be reduced, either temporarily or permanently. CLOs also may be subject to prepayment risk. Further, the performance of a CLO may be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including the security’s priority in the capital structure of the issuer thereof, the availability of any credit enhancement, the level and timing of payments and recoveries on and the characteristics of the underlying receivables, loans or other assets that are being securitized, remoteness of those assets from the originator or transferor, the adequacy of and ability to realize upon any related collateral and the capability of the servicer of the securitized assets. There are also the risks that the trustee of a CLO does not properly carry out its duties to the CLO, potentially resulting in loss to the CLO. In addition, the complex structure of the security may produce unexpected investment results, especially during times of market stress or volatility.

 
Inflation Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of certain assets or income from the Fund’s investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of investments and distributions can decline. In addition, during any periods of rising inflation, the dividend rates or borrowing costs associated with the Fund’s use of leverage would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to shareholders.

 
Real Assets Investments Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Real Assets Investments Risk. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest a portion of its assets in credit instruments associated with real assets, including infrastructure and aviation, which have historically experienced substantial price volatility. The value of companies engaged in these industries is affected by (i) changes in general economic and market conditions; (ii) changes in environmental, governmental and other regulations; (iii) risks related to local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition; (iv) increases in property taxes and operating expenses; (v) changes in zoning laws; (vi) casualty and condemnation losses; (vii) surplus capacity and depletion concerns; (viii) the availability of financing; and (ix) changes in interest rates and leverage. In addition, the availability of attractive financing and refinancing typically plays a critical role in the success of these investments. As a result, such investments are subject to credit risk because borrowers may be delinquent in payment or default. Borrower delinquency and default rates may be significantly higher than estimated. The Adviser’s assessment, or a rating agency’s assessment, of borrower credit quality may prove to be overly optimistic. The value of securities in these industries may go through cycles of relative under-performance and over-performance in comparison to equity securities markets in general.

 
Infrastructure Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Infrastructure Risk.

 

General. Investments in infrastructure assets are subject to the risks of adverse local, national and international economic, regulatory, political, legal, demographic, environmental, and other developments affecting their industry. Infrastructure companies may be adversely affected by, among other things, high interest costs related to capital construction programs; difficulty in raising adequate capital on reasonable terms in periods of high inflation and unsettled capital markets; the financial condition of users and suppliers of infrastructure assets; inexperience with and potential losses resulting from the deregulation of a particular industry or sector; costs associated with compliance and changes in environmental and other regulations; regulation or intervention by various government authorities, including government regulation of rates charged to customers; the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws; regulatory policies and accounting standards; technological developments and disruptions; environmental claims arising in respect of infrastructure acquired with undisclosed or unknown environmental problems or as to which inadequate reserves have been established; disruptive weather and environmental effects; service interruption and/or legal challenges due to environmental, operational or other accidents; force majeure acts, terrorist events, under-insured or uninsurable losses; the effect of economic slowdown; surplus capacity; increased competition; uninsured casualties; insurance costs; uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at reasonable prices; and the effects of energy conservation policies and general changes in market sentiment towards infrastructure assets, among other factors. There is also the risk that corruption may negatively affect publicly-funded infrastructure projects, especially in developing and emerging markets, resulting in delays and cost overruns. Additional risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

Regulatory Risks. Government authorities at all levels are actively involved in the promulgation and enforcement of regulations relating to matters affecting the ownership, use and operation of infrastructure assets. The institution and enforcement of such regulations could have the effect of increasing the expenses, and lowering the income or rate of return, as well as adversely affecting the value, of the Fund.

 

Many of the infrastructure investments may be subject to varying degrees of statutory and regulatory requirements, including those imposed by zoning, environmental, safety, labor and other regulatory or political authorities. Such investments may require numerous regulatory approvals, licenses and permits to commence and continue their operations. Failure to obtain or a delay in obtaining relevant permits or approvals could hinder construction or operation and could result in fines or additional costs for an infrastructure company or loss of such rights to operate the affected business, or both, which in each case could have a material adverse effect on the investments. Where an infrastructure company’s ability to operate a business is subject to a concession or lease from the government, the concession or lease may restrict its ability to operate the business in a way that maximizes cash flows and profitability. The impact of these requirements on an infrastructure company, and therefore on the Fund, may be complicated by the fact that such infrastructure company may operate in multiple jurisdictions.

 

Adoption of new laws or regulations, or changes in interpretations of existing ones, or any of the other regulatory risks mentioned above could have a material adverse effect on an investment and on the Fund’s ability to meet its investment objectives.

 

Operating and Technical Risks. Infrastructure investments may be subject to operating and technical risks, including risk of mechanical breakdown, failure to perform according to design specifications, labor and other work interruptions, and other unanticipated events that adversely affect operations. There can be no assurance that any or all such risk can be mitigated. An operating failure may lead to loss of a license, concession or contract on which an investment may depend.

 

The long-term profitability of an infrastructure project, once constructed, is partly dependent upon efficient operation and maintenance of the assets. Inefficient operations and maintenance and, in certain infrastructure sectors, latent defects in infrastructure assets may adversely affect the financial returns of the Fund.

 

Government Contract Risk. To the extent that the Fund gains exposure to infrastructure assets that are governed by concession agreements with governmental authorities (i.e., agreements between a government, whether at the national, state, local, district or other level, and a private company in which the company is granted rights to operate, maintain, or develop specific assets for an agreed-upon period in exchange for fees), there is a risk that these authorities may not be able to or may choose not to honor their obligations under such agreement, especially over the long term.

 

Government leases or concessions may also contain clauses more favorable to the government counterparty than would a typical commercial contract. For instance, a lease or concession may enable the government to terminate the lease or concession in certain circumstances without requiring it to pay adequate compensation. In addition, government counterparties also may have the discretion to change or increase regulation of an issuer’s or an Underlying Fund’s operations, or implement laws or regulations affecting such issuer’s or Underlying Fund’s operations, separate from any contractual rights they may have. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations that could impact infrastructure assets, and because infrastructure companies provide, in many cases, basic, everyday services, and face limited competition, governments may be influenced by political considerations and may make decisions that adversely affect the infrastructure investments.

 

Capital Expenditures. There is a risk that unforeseen factors may require capital expenditures in excess of forecasts and a risk that new or additional regulatory requirements, safety requirements or issues related to asset quality and integrity may result in the need for additional capital expenditure for refurbishment, reinforcement or replacement of infrastructure assets.

 

Demand and User Risk. The revenue generated by infrastructure and infrastructure-related assets may be impacted by the demand of users or the number of users for the products or services provided by such assets (for example, traffic volume on a toll road). Demand for infrastructure assets may also be subject to seasonal variations. Any reduction in demand and/or the number of users may negatively impact the financial condition of an infrastructure company.

 

Commodity Price Risk. The operation and cash flows of infrastructure assets may depend, in some cases to a significant extent, upon prevailing market prices for energy commodities. Historically, the markets for oil, gas, coal and power have been volatile. This volatility is likely to continue in the future and be beyond the control of an infrastructure company or the Fund.

 

Lack of Liquidity of Infrastructure Assets. Although infrastructure assets may generate some current income, they are expected to be generally illiquid. In addition, public sentiment and political pressures may affect the ability of the Fund to sell one or more of its infrastructure investments.

 

Litigation Risk. Infrastructure assets are often governed by a complex series of legal documents and contracts. As a result, the risks of a dispute over interpretation or enforceability of the documentation and consequent costs and delays may be higher for infrastructure companies than for companies in other industries. In addition, an infrastructure company may be subject to claims by third parties (either public or private), including environmental claims, legal action arising out of acquisitions or dispositions, workers’ compensation claims and third-party losses related to disruption of the provision of infrastructure services. Further, it is not uncommon for infrastructure assets to be exposed to legal action from special interest groups seeking to impede particular infrastructure projects to which they are opposed. If any of the infrastructure assets underlying the Fund’s investments become involved in material or protracted litigation, the litigation expenses and the liability threatened or imposed could have a material adverse effect on the infrastructure company or the infrastructure asset.

 

Project Finance. Some infrastructure investments may be structured on a project finance basis. A project finance structure entails the assumption of “project risk” by equity investors, usually without recourse to a project sponsor. Some investments may relate to projects and facilities at an early stage of development. These projects involve additional uncertainties, including the possibility that the projects may not be completed, operating licenses may not be obtained, and permanent financing may be unavailable.

 

Follow-On Investments. An infrastructure investor may be called upon to provide additional funding for an infrastructure investment or have the opportunity to increase such an investment. There can be no assurance that an Underlying Fund in which the Fund invests will wish to make follow-on investments or that it will have sufficient funds to do so. Other investors in infrastructure investments in which the Fund has a direct or indirect interest may decline to fund their pro rata share of any such follow-on investments. Any decision by an Underlying Fund not to make a follow-on investment or its inability to make a follow-on investment may have a substantial negative impact on such an infrastructure investment in need of further investment or may diminish the Underlying Fund’s ability to influence the investment’s future development.

 
Real Estate Investments Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Real Estate Investments Risk. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may acquire, directly or indirectly, debt and/or equity interests in real estate. The real estate investments of the Fund will be subject to the risks generally incident to the ownership of real property, including uncertainty of cash flow to meet fixed and other obligations; adverse changes in local market conditions, population trends, neighborhood values, community conditions, general economic conditions, local employment conditions, interest rates, and real estate tax rates; changes in fiscal policies; competition from other properties; and uninsured losses and other risks that are beyond the control of the Fund, such as the threat of terrorism and their consequences. There can be no assurance of profitable operations because the cost of owning the Fund’s real estate investments may exceed the income produced, particularly since certain expenses related to real estate and its development and ownership, such as property taxes, utility costs, maintenance costs and insurance, tend to increase over time and are largely beyond the control of the owner. In addition, the Fund’s ownership of equity interests in real estate may have tax consequences for certain investors that do not apply in the case of the Fund’s ownership of debt interests in real estate. To the extent the Fund makes investments in real estate assets (or a pool of real estate assets) that are geographically dispersed, leased to (or otherwise exposed to the credit risk of) a geographically diverse group of counterparties whose location changes on an ongoing basis and/or that otherwise have a “global” risk profile, the Adviser will, in its discretion, assign a country of risk for purposes of any applicable investment limitations or other purposes, which country of risk may not correspond with the actual geographic risk of some or all of such assets, and/or determine to exclude such assets from any such geographic limitations. Certain real estate investment opportunities may originate from owners who are insolvent or in serious financial difficulty. As a result, the recourse to the sellers and/or the standards by which such properties are being serviced or operated may be adversely affected.

 

With respect to particular real estate credit investments, real estate debt instruments that are in default may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations and/or restructuring, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and/or a substantial write-down of the principal of such debt instruments. Even if a restructuring were successful, a risk exists that upon maturity of such real estate debt instrument, replacement “takeout” financing will not be available. It is possible that the Adviser may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on collateral securing one or more real estate debt instruments purchased by the Fund. The foreclosure process can be lengthy, uncertain and expensive. Real estate risks typically include fluctuations in the real estate markets, slowdown in demand for the purchase or rental of properties, changes in the relative popularity of property types and locations, the oversupply of a certain type of property, changes in regional, national and international economic conditions, adverse local market conditions, the financial conditions of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties, changes in building, environmental, zoning and other laws and other governmental rules and fiscal policies, changes in real property tax rates or the assessed values of the investments, changes in interest rates and the availability or terms of debt financing, changes in operating costs, risks due to dependence on cash flow, environmental claims arising in respect of real estate acquired with undisclosed or unknown environmental problems or as to which inadequate reserves had been established, uninsured casualties, risks due to dependence on cash flow and risks and operating problems arising out of the presence of certain construction materials, unavailability of or increased cost of certain types of insurance coverage, such as terrorism insurance, fluctuations in energy prices, acts of God, natural disasters and uninsurable losses, acts of war (declared and undeclared), terrorist acts, strikes and other factors which are not within the control of the Adviser.

 
REITs Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

REITs Risk. The Fund will invest in Underlying Funds that are intended to qualify as REITs. The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the real estate industry in general. Investments in REITs also involve unique risks. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, and may be more volatile than other securities. In addition, to the extent the Fund holds interests in REITs, investors in the Fund bear two layers of asset-based management fees and expenses (directly at the Fund level and indirectly at the REIT level). In addition, REITs may fail to qualify for the favorable tax treatment available to REITs or may fail to maintain their exemptions from investment company registration. Qualification as a REIT under the Code in any particular year is a complex analysis that depends on a number of factors. There can be no guarantee that any entity in or through which the Fund invests will qualify as a REIT. An entity that fails to qualify as a REIT would be subject to a corporate level tax, would not be entitled to a deduction for dividends paid to its shareholders and would not pass through to its shareholders the character of income earned by the entity. If the Fund were to invest in an entity that failed to qualify as a REIT, such failure could significantly reduce the Fund’s yield on that investment and could adversely affect the Fund’s NAV.

 
Preferred Stock [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock generally has a preference as to dividends and upon the event of liquidation over an issuer’s common stock, but it ranks junior to debt securities in an issuer’s capital structure. Preferred stock generally pays dividends in cash (or additional shares of preferred stock) at a defined rate, but unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of directors. Dividends on preferred stock may be cumulative, meaning that, in the event the issuer fails to make one or more dividend payments on the preferred stock, no dividends may be paid on the issuer’s common stock until all unpaid preferred stock dividends have been paid. Preferred stock may also be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.

 
Convertible Securities [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles its holder to receive interest or a dividend until the convertible security matures or is redeemed or converted. Convertible securities generally:

 

(i) have higher yields than the dividends on the underlying common stocks, but lower yields than non-convertible securities of a comparable duration; (ii) are less volatile in price than the underlying common stock due to their fixed-income characteristics; (iii) have a significant option component to their value which is directly impacted by the prevailing market volatility and interest rates; and (iv) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases.

 

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion feature) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates (with investment value declining as interest rates increase) as well as market volatility (with the conversion value increasing as market volatility increases). The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. To the extent that the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed-income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases (as with an option) as the convertible security approaches maturity.

 

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required either to permit the issuer to redeem the security or convert it into the underlying common stock. Either of these actions could have an adverse effect on the value of the position.

 
Limited Amortization Requirements [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Limited Amortization Requirements. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest in loans that have limited mandatory amortization requirements. While these loans may obligate an issuer to repay the loan out of asset sale proceeds, with annual excess cash flow or by refinancing upon maturity, repayment requirements may be subject to substantial limitations that would allow an issuer to retain such asset sale proceeds or cash flow, thereby extending the expected weighted average life of the investment. In addition, a low level of amortization of any debt over the life of the investment may increase the risk that an issuer will not be able to repay or refinance the loans held by the Fund when it matures.

 
Securities on a When-Issued or Forward Commitment Basis [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Securities on a When-Issued or Forward Commitment Basis. The Fund or an Underlying Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund may incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than five business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions. The settlements of secondary market purchases of senior loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants are subject to delayed compensation. Furthermore, the purchase of a senior loan in the secondary market is typically negotiated and finalized pursuant to a binding trade confirmation, and therefore, the risk of non-delivery of the security to the Fund is reduced or eliminated when compared with such risk when investing in when-issued or forward commitment securities.

 
Prepayment Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Prepayment Risk. Prepayment risk relates to the early repayment of principal on a loan or debt security. Loans are generally callable at any time, and certain loans may be callable at any time at no premium to par. The Adviser is generally unable to predict the rate and frequency of such repayments. Whether a loan is called will depend both on the continued positive performance of the issuer and the existence of favorable financing market conditions that allow such issuer the ability to replace existing financing with less expensive capital. As market conditions change frequently, the Adviser will often be unable to predict when, and if, this may be possible for each of the Fund’s issuers. Having the loan or other debt instrument called early may have the effect of reducing the Fund’s actual investment income below its expected investment income if the capital returned cannot be invested in transactions with equal or greater yields.

 
Investments in Highly Leveraged Issuers [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investments in Highly Leveraged Issuers. The Fund is expected to have exposure to investments in issuers whose capital structures have significant leverage (including substantial leverage senior to the Fund’s or an Underlying Fund’s investments), a considerable portion of which may be at floating interest rates. The leveraged capital structure of such issuers will increase their exposure to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or further deteriorations in the financial condition of the issuer or its industry. This leverage may result in more serious adverse consequences to such companies (including their overall profitability or solvency) in the event these factors or events occur than would be the case for less leveraged issuers. In using leverage, these issuers may be subject to terms and conditions that include restrictive financial and operating covenants, which may impair their ability to finance or otherwise pursue their future operations or otherwise satisfy additional capital needs. Moreover, rising interest rates may significantly increase the issuers or project’s interest expense, or a significant industry downturn may affect a company’s ability to generate positive cash flow, in either case causing an inability to service outstanding debt. The Fund’s investments may be among the most junior financing in an issuer’s capital structure. In the event such issuer cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the company may default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring or liquidation of the company, and the Fund, particularly in light of the subordinated and/or unsecured position of the Fund’s investments, may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in the company, which could adversely affect the return of the Fund.

 
Investments in Restructurings [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investments in Restructurings. The Fund may have exposure to restructurings that involve, or otherwise invest in the debt securities of, companies that are experiencing or are expected to experience severe financial difficulties. These severe financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause such companies to become subject to bankruptcy proceedings. The return on investment sought or targeted by the Fund in any investment in a restructuring may depend upon the restructuring progressing in a particular manner or resulting in a particular outcome (including regarding the conversion or repayment of the Fund’s investments). There can be no assurance that any such outcome, development or result will occur or be successful and, as a result, the premise underlying the Fund’s investment may never come to fruition and the Fund’s returns may be adversely affected. Investments in restructurings could, in certain circumstances, subject the Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein. For instance, under certain circumstances, payments to the Fund and distributions to Shareholders may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, investments in restructurings may be adversely affected by statutes relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences, lender liability and the court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or characterize investments made in the form of debt as equity contributions. For certain restructurings, the Fund may utilize blocker corporations, which may incur federal and state income taxes. In restructurings, whether constituting liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the restructuring either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security or instrument the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made. The Fund may not be “hedged” against market fluctuations, or, in liquidation situations, may not accurately value the assets of the company being liquidated. This can result in losses, even if the proposed restructuring is consummated. Under certain circumstances, a lender that has inappropriately exercised control of the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed, or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions.

 

When a company seeks relief under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code (or has a petition filed against it), an automatic stay prevents all entities, including creditors, from foreclosing or taking other actions to enforce claims, perfect liens or reach collateral securing such claims. Creditors who have claims against the company prior to the date of the bankruptcy filing must petition the court to permit them to take any action to protect or enforce their claims or their rights in any collateral. Such creditors may be prohibited from doing so if the court concludes that the value of the property in which the creditor has an interest will be “adequately protected” during the proceedings. If the Bankruptcy Court’s assessment of adequate protection is inaccurate, a creditor’s collateral may be wasted without the creditor being afforded the opportunity to preserve it. Thus, even if the Fund holds a secured claim, it may be prevented from collecting the liquidation value of the collateral securing its debt, unless relief from the automatic stay is granted by the court. Bankruptcy proceedings are inherently litigious, time consuming, highly complex and driven extensively by facts and circumstances, which can result in challenges in predicting outcomes. The equitable power of bankruptcy judges also can result in uncertainty as to the ultimate resolution of claims.

 

Security interests held by creditors are closely scrutinized and frequently challenged in bankruptcy proceedings and may be invalidated for a variety of reasons. For example, security interests may be set aside because, as a technical matter, they have not been perfected properly under the Uniform Commercial Code or other applicable law. If a security interest is invalidated, the secured creditor loses the value of the collateral and because loss of the secured status causes the claim to be treated as an unsecured claim, the holder of such claim will almost certainly experience a significant loss of its investment. There can be no assurance that the security interests securing the Fund’s claims will not be challenged vigorously and found defective in some respect, or that the Fund will be able to prevail against the challenge.

 

Moreover, debt may be disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors if the creditor is found guilty of certain inequitable conduct resulting in harm to other parties with respect to the affairs of a company filing for protection from creditors under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Creditors’ claims may be treated as equity if they are deemed to be contributions to capital, or if a creditor attempts to control the outcome of the business affairs of a company prior to its filing under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Serving on an official or unofficial creditors’ committee, for example, increases the possibility that the Fund will be deemed an “insider” or a “fiduciary” of an issuer it has so assisted and may increase the possibility that the Bankruptcy Court would invoke the doctrine of “equitable subordination” with respect to any claim or equity interest held by the Fund in such issuer and subordinate any such claim or equity interest in whole or in part to other claims or equity interests in such issuer. Claims of equitable subordination may also arise outside of the context of the Fund’s committee activities. If a creditor is found to have interfered with a company’s affairs to the detriment of other creditors or shareholders, the creditor may be held liable for damages to injured parties. While the Fund will attempt to avoid taking the types of action that would lead to equitable subordination or creditor liability, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to successfully defend against them. In addition, if representation of a creditors’ committee of an issuer causes the Fund or the Adviser to be deemed an affiliate of such issuer, the securities of such issuer held by the Fund may become restricted securities, which are not freely tradable.

 

While the challenges to liens and debt described above normally occur in a bankruptcy proceeding, the conditions or conduct that would lead to an attack in a bankruptcy proceeding could in certain circumstances result in actions brought by other creditors of the debtor, shareholders of the debtor or even the debtor itself in other state or U.S. federal proceedings, including pursuant to state fraudulent transfer laws. As is the case in a bankruptcy proceeding, there can be no assurance that such claims will not be asserted or that the Fund will be able to defend against them successfully. To the extent the Fund assumes an active role in any legal proceeding involving the debtor, the Fund may be prevented from disposing of securities or instruments issued by the debtor due to the Fund’s possession of material, non-public information concerning the debtor.

 

From time to time, the Fund may invest in or extend loans to companies that have filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. These debtor-in-possession or “DIP” loans are most often revolving working-capital facilities put into place at the outset of a Chapter 11 case to provide the debtor with both immediate cash and the ongoing working capital that will be required during the reorganization process. While such loans are generally less risky than many other types of loans as a result of their seniority in the debtor’s capital structure and because their terms have been approved by a federal bankruptcy court order, it is possible that the debtor’s reorganization efforts may fail and the proceeds of the ensuing liquidation of the DIP lender’s collateral might be insufficient to repay in full the DIP loan.

 

In addition, issuers located in non-U.S. jurisdictions may be involved in restructurings, bankruptcy proceedings and/or reorganizations that are not subject to laws and regulations that are similar to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and the rights of creditors afforded in U.S. jurisdictions. To the extent such non-U.S. laws and regulations do not provide the Fund with equivalent rights and privileges necessary to promote and protect its interest in any such proceeding, the Fund’s investments in any such issuer may be adversely affected. For example, bankruptcy law and process in a non-U.S. jurisdiction may differ substantially from that in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although bankruptcy laws have been enacted, the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.

 
Non-Performing Investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Non-Performing Investments. The Fund’s Underlying Funds may include investments whose underlying collateral are “non-performing” and that are typically highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow and, therefore, involve a high degree of financial risk. During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities or instruments of other issuers. Securities or instruments of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities or instruments of companies not experiencing financial difficulties. Investment, directly or indirectly in the financially and/or operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk. These difficulties may never be overcome and may cause borrowers to become subject to bankruptcy or other similar administrative proceedings. There is a possibility that the Fund may incur substantial or total losses on its investments and in certain circumstances, subject the Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of the Fund’s original investment therein.

 
Risks of Certain Non-U.S. Investments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Risks of Certain Non-U.S. Investments. Certain of the Underlying Funds expect to invest a portion of their aggregate commitments outside of the United States. Non-U.S. securities or instruments involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in U.S. securities or instruments, including risks relating to (i) currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the various non-U.S. currencies in which the Fund’s non-U.S. investments are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another; (ii) differences in conventions relating to documentation, settlement, corporate actions, stakeholder rights and other matters; (iii) differences between the U.S. and non-U.S. securities markets, including higher rates of inflations, higher transaction costs and potential price volatility in, and relative illiquidity of, some non-U.S. securities markets; (iv) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements and less governmental supervision and regulation in some countries; (v) certain economic, social and political risks, including potential exchange control regulations and restrictions on non-U.S. investment and repatriation of capital, the risks of political, economic or social instability, including the risk of sovereign defaults, and the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation and adverse economic and political development; (vi) the possible imposition of non-U.S. taxes on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities or instruments; (vii) differing, and potentially less well developed or well-tested laws regarding creditor’s rights (including the rights of secured parties), corporate governance, fiduciary duties and the protection of investors; (viii) difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations; (ix) differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance; (x) reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers and/or distribution mechanisms; (xi) political hostility to investments by foreign or private investment fund investors; and (xii) less publicly available information.

 

In addition, the Fund’s exposure to debt of issuers located in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions may be adversely affected as a result of the ownership or control of an equity stake in such issuers by the Adviser and/or its affiliates. For example, in certain circumstances, the Fund could be subject to German “equity substitution rules” (similar to equitable subordination in the United States) if an issuer in which the Fund holds a debt investment and in which the Adviser and/or its affiliates holds an equity investment was to become insolvent. In such case, among other things, (i) the Fund may not be able to enforce its rights with respect to collateral, if any, (ii) the debt held by the Fund may be subordinated and (iii) the receiver may be entitled to reclaim amounts paid to the Fund within one year of the filing for commencement of insolvency proceedings or thereafter. The laws of other non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Fund may seek to invest may have rules similar to Germany’s “equity substitution rules” discussed above, and the consequences to the Fund with respect to such rules may be more or less severe. Moreover, additional laws and regulations in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund may invest may affect the Fund’s investments in such jurisdictions in a manner that differs adversely from the results that would occur under U.S. laws and regulations applied to similar facts.

 

Additionally, the Fund may be less influential than other market participants in jurisdictions where it or the Adviser do not have a significant presence. The Fund may be subject to additional risks, which include possible adverse political and economic development, possible seizure or nationalization of non-U.S. deposits and possible adoption of governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest to investors located outside the country of the issuer, whether from currency blockage or otherwise. Furthermore, some of the securities may be subject to brokerage taxes levied by governments, which has the effect of increasing the cost of such investment and reducing the realized gain or increasing the realized loss on such securities at the time of sale. While the Adviser intends, where deemed appropriate, to seek to manage the Fund in a manner that will minimize exposure to the foregoing risks and will take these factors into consideration in making investment decisions for the Fund, there can be no assurance that adverse developments with respect to such risks will not adversely affect the assets of the Fund that are held in certain countries.

 
Foreign Currency Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Foreign Currency Risks. A portion of the Fund’s investments (and the income and gains received by the Fund in respect of such investments) may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. However, the books of the Fund will be maintained, and contributions to and distributions from the Fund will generally be made, in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange controls may materially adversely affect the value of the investments and the other assets of the Fund. For example, any significant depreciation in the exchange rate of the Euro, or any other currency in which the Fund makes investments, against the U.S. dollar, could adversely affect the value of dividends or proceeds on investments denominated in the Euro or such other currencies. In addition, the Fund will incur costs, which may be significant, in connection with the conversion of various currencies.

 
Currency Hedging Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Currency Hedging Risk. The Adviser may seek to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s foreign currency risk. For example, the Fund may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the Fund’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies. In a foreign currency forward contract, the Fund agrees to receive or deliver a fixed quantity of one currency for another, at a pre-determined price at a future date. Forward foreign currency contracts are marked-to-market at the applicable forward rate. There is no guarantee that it will be practical to hedge currency risks or that any efforts to do so will be successful. The use of foreign currency forward contracts is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with investments in more traditional securities and instruments, and there is no guarantee that the use of foreign currency forward contracts will achieve their intended result. If the Adviser is incorrect in its expectation of the timing or level of fluctuation in securities prices, currency prices or other variables, the use of foreign currency forward contracts could result in losses, which in some cases may be significant. A lack of correlation between changes in the value of foreign currency forward contracts and the value of the portfolio assets (if any) being hedged could also result in losses.

 
Use of Leverage: Risk of Borrowing by the Fund [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Use of Leverage: Risk of Borrowing by the Fund. The Fund may utilize leverage in pursuit of its investment objective. This results in the Fund controlling more assets than it has equity. The Fund’s willingness to use leverage, and the extent to which leverage is used at any time, will depend on many factors, including the Adviser’s assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors. The Fund may use leverage opportunistically and may choose to increase or decrease its leverage, or use different types or combinations of leveraging instruments, at any time based on the Fund’s assessment of market conditions and the investment environment.

 

Leverage can increase returns to investors if the Fund earns a greater return on leveraged investments than the Fund’s cost of such leverage. On the other hand, leverage will further diminish returns (or increase losses on capital) to the extent overall returns are less than the Fund’s cost of funds. As a general matter, the presence of leverage can accelerate losses.

 

The use of leverage exposes the Fund and shareholders to a high degree of additional risk, including, but not limited to: (i) greater losses from investments than would otherwise have been the case had the Fund not used leverage to make the investments; (ii) margin calls, interim margin requirements, interest payments or other loan costs may force premature liquidations of investment positions at a loss or otherwise on unattractive terms; (iii) to the extent that Fund revenues are required to meet principal payments, shareholders may be allocated income (and therefore tax liability) in excess of cash distributed; and (iv) losses on investments where the investment fails to earn a return that equals or exceeds the Fund’s cost of leverage related to such investment. In addition, the Fund may need to refinance its outstanding debt as it matures. There is a risk that the Fund may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of any then existing loan agreements. If prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. These risks could adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition, cash flows and the return on its investments.

 

Leverage, including borrowing, may cause the Fund to be more volatile than if the Fund had not been leveraged. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. In the event of a sudden, precipitous drop in value of the Fund’s assets, the Fund might not be able to liquidate assets quickly enough to repay its borrowings, further magnifying the losses incurred by the Fund.

 

To the extent that options, futures, options on futures, swaps, swaptions and other “synthetic” or derivative financial instruments are used, it should be noted that they inherently contain much greater leverage than a non-margined purchase of the underlying security, commodity or instrument. This is due to the fact that generally only a very small portion (and in some cases none) of the value of the underlying security, commodity or instrument is required to be paid in order to make such investments. In addition, many of these products are subject to variation or other interim margin requirements, which may force premature liquidation of investment positions at an inopportune time and adversely impact the performance of the Fund.

 

With respect to any asset-backed facility, a decrease in the market value would increase the effective amount of leverage and could result in the possibility of a violation of certain financial covenants pursuant to which the borrowed funds must be repaid to the lender. Liquidation of such investments at an inopportune time in order to satisfy such financial covenants could adversely impact performance and could, if the value of its investments had declined significantly, cause the Fund or an Underlying Fund to lose capital. Fund or Underlying Fund-level debt facilities typically include other covenants such as, but not limited to, covenants against the Fund incurring or being in default under other recourse debt, including certain guarantees of asset level debt, which, if triggered could cause adverse consequences to the Fund or Underlying Fund if it is unable to cure or otherwise mitigate such breach.

 

Subject to prevailing market conditions, the Fund may add financial leverage if, immediately after such borrowing, it would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of 300% or more (in the event leverage is obtained solely through debt) or 200% or more (in the event leverage is obtained solely though preferred stock). For example, if the Fund has $100 in net assets, it may utilize leverage through obtaining debt of up to $50, resulting in $150 in total assets (or 300% asset coverage). The Fund does not presently intend to obtain leverage through preferred stock.

 

There can be no assurance that the cost of borrowing will remain competitive. Further, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have access to leverage. Significant price increases or limited access to borrowing as a result of, among other things, fewer lenders willing to provide margin capacity to counterparties, could negatively impact the Fund.

 
Change of Law Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Change of Law Risk. Government counterparties or agencies may have the discretion to change or increase regulation of a portfolio investment’s operations or implement laws or regulations affecting the portfolio investment’s operations, separate from any contractual rights it may have. A portfolio investment also could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations and tax reform, including, for example, the possible imposition or increase of taxes on income earned by a portfolio company or gains recognized by the Fund on its investment in such portfolio company, that could impact a portfolio company’s business as well as the Fund’s return on investment with respect to such portfolio company.

 
Force Majeure Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Force Majeure Risk. Issuers may be affected by force majeure events (i.e., events beyond the control of the party claiming that the event has occurred, including, without limitation, acts of God, fire, flood, earthquakes, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, war, terrorism and labor strikes). Some force majeure events may adversely affect the ability of a party (including an issuer or a counterparty to the Fund or an issuer) to perform its obligations until it is able to remedy the force majeure event. In addition, the cost to an issuer or the Fund of repairing or replacing damaged assets resulting from such force majeure event could be considerable. Certain force majeure events (such as war or an outbreak of an infectious disease) could have a broader negative impact on the world economy and international business activity generally, or in any of the countries in which the Fund may invest specifically. Additionally, a major governmental intervention into industry, including the nationalization of an industry or the assertion of control over one or more issuers or its assets, could result in a loss to the Fund, including if its investment in such issuer is canceled, unwound or acquired (which could be without what the Fund considers to be adequate compensation). Any of the foregoing may therefore adversely affect the performance of the Fund and its investments.

 

 
Terrorist Activities [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Terrorist Activities. Terrorist attacks have caused instability in the world financial markets and may generate global economic instability. The continued threat of terrorism and the impact of military or other action could affect the Fund’s financial results.

 
Volatility of Commodity Prices [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Volatility of Commodity Prices. The performance of certain of the Fund’s investments may be substantially dependent upon prevailing prices of electricity, oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal and other commodities (such as metals) and the differential between prices of specific commodities that are a primary factor in the profitability of certain conversion activities such as petroleum refining (“crack spread”) and power generation (“spark spread”). Commodity prices have been, and are likely to continue to be, volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to any of the following factors: (i) relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for electricity or such other commodities; (ii) market uncertainty and the condition of various economies (including interest rates, levels of economic activity, the price of securities and the participation by other investors in the financial markets); (iii) political conditions in the United States and other project locations; (iv) the extent of domestic production and importation of oil, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal or metals in certain relevant markets; (v) the foreign supply of oil, natural gas and metals; (vi) the prices of foreign imports; (vii) the level of consumer demand; (viii) the price and availability of alternative electric generation options; (ix) the price of steel and the outlook for steel production; (x) pandemics, wars, sanctions and weather conditions; (xi) the competitive position of electricity, ethanol/biodiesel, oil, gas or coal as a source of energy as compared with other energy sources; (xii) the industry-wide or local refining, transportation or processing capacity for natural gas or transmission capacity for electric energy; (xiii) the effect of United States and non-U.S. federal, state and local regulation on the production, transportation and sale of electric energy and other commodities; (xiv) breakthrough technologies (such as improved storage or clean coal technologies) or government subsidies, tax credits or other support that allow alternative fuel generation projects to produce more reliable electric energy or lower the cost of such production compared to natural gas fueled electric generation projects; (xv) with respect to the price of oil, actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; or (xvi) the expected consumption of coking coal in steel production. While the Adviser will endeavor to take into account existing and anticipated future applicable greenhouse gas regulation in its investment decisions, changes in the regulation of greenhouse gases could impact an investment or make future investments undesirable.

 
Regulatory Approvals [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Regulatory Approvals. The Fund may have exposure to portfolio companies believed to have obtained all material United States federal, state, local or non-U.S. approvals, if any, required as of the date thereof to acquire and operate their facilities. In addition, the Fund may be required to obtain the consent or approval of applicable regulatory authorities in order to acquire or hold certain ownership positions in portfolio companies. A portfolio company could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such portfolio company. For example, in the case of oil and gas drilling, handling and transportation, such activities are extensively regulated, and statutory and regulatory requirements may include those imposed by energy, zoning, environmental, health, safety, labor and other regulatory or political authorities. Moreover, additional regulatory approvals, including without limitation, renewals, extensions, transfers, assignments, reissuances or similar actions, may become applicable in the future due to a change in laws and regulations, a change in the companies’ customers or for other reasons. There can be no assurance that a portfolio company will be able to (i) obtain all required regulatory approvals that it does not have at the time of the Fund’s investment or that it may be required to have in the future; (ii) obtain any necessary modifications to existing regulatory approvals; or (iii) maintain required regulatory approvals. Delay in obtaining or failure to obtain and maintain in full force and effect any regulatory approvals, or amendments thereto, or delay or failure to satisfy any regulatory conditions or other applicable requirements could prevent operation of a facility or sales to or from third parties or could result in fines or additional costs to a portfolio company. Regulatory changes in a jurisdiction where a portfolio investment is located may make the continued operation of the portfolio investment infeasible or economically disadvantageous and any expenditures made to date by such portfolio investment may be wholly or partially written off. The locations of the portfolio investments may also be subject to government exercise of eminent domain power or similar events. Any of these changes could significantly increase the regulatory-related compliance and other expenses incurred by the portfolio investments and could significantly reduce or entirely eliminate any potential revenues generated by one or more of the portfolio investments, which could materially and adversely affect returns to the Fund.

 
Tax risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Tax risks. The Fund currently intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of the Code. In order to qualify for such treatment, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income, meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for each taxable year.

 

The ‘Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the ‘Fund’s investments under one or more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS or a change in law might affect the ‘Fund’s ability to qualify for such treatment.

 

Certain of the Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds intend to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If any of these funds were to fail to qualify to be treated as a partnership, the Fund may not meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC.

 

If, in any year, the Fund were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code for any reason, and were not able to cure such failure, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to Shareholders as dividends.

 
Sustainability Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Sustainability Risks. A sustainability risk is an environmental, social or governance (“ESG”) event or condition that, if it occurs, could cause an actual or potential material negative impact on the value of an investment (“Sustainability Risk”). Sustainability Risks may arise in respect of a company or sovereign issuer itself, its affiliates or in its supply chain and/or apply to a particular economic sector, geographical or political region. Environmental Sustainability Risks, including risks arising from climate change, are associated with events or conditions affecting the natural environment. Social risks may be internal or external to a business or sovereign issuer and are associated with employees, local communities, customers or populations of companies or countries and regions. Governance risks are associated with the quality, effectiveness and process for the oversight of day-to-day management of companies. Assessment of Sustainability Risks is complex and requires subjective judgements, which may be based on data which is difficult to obtain and incomplete, estimated, out of date or otherwise materially inaccurate. Even when identified, there can be no guarantee that the Adviser will correctly assess the impact of Sustainability Risks on the Fund’s investments.

 

Sustainability Risk could be connected with the loss of investment value in numerous ways. For investments in a corporate issuer, losses may result from, for example and without limitation, damage to its reputation with a consequential fall in demand for its products or services, loss of key personnel, exclusion from potential business opportunities, increased costs of doing business and/or increased cost of capital. Laws, regulations and industry norms play a significant role in controlling the impact on ESG factors of many industries, particularly in respect of environmental and social factors. Any changes in such measures, such as increasingly stringent environmental or health and safety laws, can have a material impact on the operations, costs and profitability of businesses. A corporate issuer may also suffer the impact of fines and other regulatory sanctions. The time and resources of the corporate issuer’s management team may be diverted from furthering its business and be absorbed seeking to deal with the Sustainability Risk, including changes to business practices and dealing with investigations and litigation. Sustainability Risks may also give rise to loss of assets and/or physical loss including damage to real estate and infrastructure. The utility and value of assets held by businesses to which the Fund is exposed may also be adversely impacted by a Sustainability Risk. Further, certain industries face considerable scrutiny from regulatory authorities, non-governmental organizations and special interest groups in respect of their impact on ESG factors. This may cause affected industries to make material changes to their business practices, which can increase costs and result in a material negative impact on the profitability of businesses. Such scrutiny also may materially impact the consumer demand for a business’s products and services, which may result in a material loss in value of an investment linked to such businesses.

 

Sustainability Risks are relevant as both standalone risks, and also as cross-cutting risks that manifest through many other risk types that are relevant to the assets of the Fund. For example, the occurrence of a Sustainability Risk can give rise to financial and business risk, including though a negative impact on the creditworthiness of other businesses.

 
Political and Societal Challenges [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Political and Societal Challenges. Energy and energy-related infrastructure projects may be subject to siting requirements. Siting of energy projects is also frequently subject to regulation by applicable state, county and local authorities. For example, proposals to site an energy plant or engage in drilling activities in a particular location may be challenged by a number of parties, including special interest groups based on alleged security concerns, disturbances to natural habitats for wildlife and adverse aesthetic impacts, including the common “not in my backyard” phenomenon. Concerns regarding some of the techniques used in the extraction of shale gas in order to enhance recovery, such as the use of natural gas hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking”) may also arise, which may require governmental permits or approvals and which have recently been the subject of heightened environmental concerns and public opposition in some jurisdictions (as more fully described below). The failure of any portfolio investment to receive, renew or maintain any required permits or approvals or any inability to satisfy any requirement of any permits or approvals may result in increased compliance costs, the need for additional capital expenditures or a suspension of project operations.

 
Derivatives Instruments [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Derivatives Instruments. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may invest in derivative instruments or “derivatives” that include total return swaps (“TRS”) and other swaps, futures, options, structured securities and other instruments and contracts that are derived from, or the value of which is related to, one or more underlying securities, financial benchmarks, currencies, indices, or other assets. Derivatives allow an investor to hedge or speculate upon the price movements of a particular security, financial benchmark currency, index or other asset at a fraction of the cost of investing in the underlying asset. The value of a derivative depends largely upon price movements in the underlying asset. Therefore, many of the risks applicable to trading the underlying asset are also applicable to derivatives of such asset. However, there are a number of other risks associated with derivatives trading. For example, because many derivatives are leveraged, and thus provide significantly more market exposure than the money paid or deposited when the transaction is entered into, a relatively small adverse market movement may expose the Fund to the possibility of a loss exceeding the original amount invested. Derivatives may also expose investors to liquidity risk, as there may not be a liquid market within which to close or dispose of outstanding derivatives contracts.

 

All derivative instruments involve risks that are in addition to, and potentially greater than the risks of investing directly in securities and other more traditional assets, including:

 

  ● Management Risks. Derivative products are specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with equities and fixed income securities. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself. In particular, the use and complexity of derivatives require the maintenance of adequate controls to monitor the transactions entered into and the ability to assess the risk that a derivative adds to the Fund’s portfolio.
     
  ● Counterparty Risks. This is the risk that a loss may be sustained by the Fund as a result of the failure of the other party to a derivative (usually referred to as a “counterparty”) to comply with the terms of the derivative contract. The credit risk for exchange-traded derivatives is generally less than for over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, since the clearinghouse, which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded or cleared derivative transaction is the counterparty to the derivative transaction. The Fund may post or receive collateral related to changes in the market value of a derivative. The Fund also may invest in derivatives that (i) do not require the counterparty to post collateral, (ii) require collateral but that do not provide for the Fund’s security interest in it to be perfected, (iii) require significant upfront deposits unrelated to the derivatives’ intrinsic value, or (iv) do not require that collateral be regularly marked-to-market. When a counterparty’s obligations are not fully secured by collateral, the Fund runs the risk of having limited recourse if the counterparty defaults. 
     
  ● Documentation Risks. Many derivative instruments also have documentation risk. Because the contract for each OTC derivative transaction is individually negotiated, the counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Fund, and if it does, the Fund may decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty to avoid incurring the cost and unpredictability of legal proceedings. The Fund, therefore, may be unable to obtain payments the Adviser believes are owed to the Fund under derivative instruments or those payments may be delayed or made only after the Fund has incurred the costs of litigation.
     
  ● Liquidity Risks. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous price. Less liquid derivative instruments also may fall more in price than other investments during market falls. During periods of market disruptions, the Fund may have a greater need for cash to provide collateral for large swings in the mark-to-market obligations arising under the derivative instruments used by the Fund. These risks may be further exacerbated by requirements under rules issued pursuant to financial reform legislation.
     
  ● Leverage Risks. Because many derivatives have a leverage component (i.e., a notional value in excess of the assets needed to establish or maintain the derivative position), adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.
     
  ● Tax Uncertainties. The taxation of derivatives, including credit default swaps, TRS and other transactions in which the Fund may participate, is subject to uncertainties. Such transactions may become subject to new laws and regulations, possibly with retroactive effect, as well as differing interpretations of existing law and regulations by the relevant taxing authorities. There can be no assurance that such changes in law or interpretation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
     
  ● Other Risks. Other risks in using derivatives include the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation of derivatives. Many derivatives, in particular OTC derivatives, are complex and their valuation often requires modeling and judgment, which increases the risk of mispricing or incorrect valuation. The pricing models used may not produce valuations that are consistent with the values the Fund realizes when it closes or sells an OTC derivative. Valuation risk is more pronounced when the Fund enters into OTC derivatives with specialized terms because the market value of those derivatives in some cases is determined in part by reference to similar derivatives with more standardized terms. Incorrect valuations may result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties, over-and/or under-collateralization, and/or errors in calculation of the Fund’s net asset value.

 

The use of derivatives may not be effective or have the desired result. Derivatives involve the risk that changes in their value may not move as expected relative to the value of the assets, rates or indices they are designed to track. The risk may be more pronounced when outstanding notional amounts in the market exceed the amounts of the referenced assets. For example, the Fund’s use of reverse repurchase agreements subjects it to interest costs based on the difference between the sale and repurchase price of the securities involved. Derivatives are also subject to currency and other risks. Moreover, suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances. For example, the economic costs of taking some derivatives positions may be prohibitive. In addition, the Adviser may decide not to use derivatives to hedge or otherwise reduce the Fund’s risk exposures, potentially resulting in losses for the Fund.

 

Counterparties to derivatives contracts may have the right to terminate such contracts if the Fund’s net asset value declines below a certain level over a specified period of time. The exercise of such a right by the counterparty could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s operations.

 

The United States government has enacted and is continuing to implement legislation that provides for regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union (the “EU”), the United Kingdom (the “UK”) and some other countries have also adopted and are continuing to implement similar requirements, which will affect the Fund when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that country’s derivatives regulations. Such rules and other rules and regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. While the rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (e.g., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and in the meantime, central clearing and other regulatory requirements expose the Fund to other kinds of costs and risks.

 

For example, in the event of a counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency, the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the EU, the UK and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, with respect to counterparties who are subject to such proceedings in the EU and the UK, the liabilities of such counterparties to the Fund could be reduced, eliminated, or converted to equity in such counterparties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”).

 

The regulation of derivatives in the United States and other countries is an evolving area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. Accordingly, the impact of this evolving regulatory regime on the Fund is difficult to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.

 
Options and Futures Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Options and Futures Risk. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may utilize options and futures contracts and so-called “synthetic” options or other derivatives written by broker-dealers or other permissible intermediaries. Options transactions may be effected on securities exchanges or in the OTC market. When options are purchased OTC, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Options may also be illiquid and, in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position. OTC options also may include options on baskets of specific securities.

 

The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may purchase call and put options on specific securities, and may write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes in pursuing its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price, typically at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the seller of the option owns the underlying security. The sale of a call option exposes the seller during the term of the option to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security or to possible continued holding of a security that might otherwise have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security. In the sale of a put, losses may be significant and, in the sale of a call, losses can be unlimited.

 

The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. In such a case, the Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more than the amount received from the sale of the option.

 

Purchasing a futures contract creates an obligation to take delivery of a specific type of financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price for contracts that require physical delivery, or net payment for cash-settled contracts. Engaging in transactions in futures contracts involves risk of loss to the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract at any particular time. All terms of futures contracts are set forth in the rules of the exchange on which the futures contracts are traded. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. Successful use of futures also is subject to the Adviser’s ability to predict correctly the direction of movements in the relevant market, and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to determine the appropriate correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract. Futures contracts may be subject to price swings in daily settlements with exchanges and clearing houses.

 
Credit Derivatives [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Credit Derivatives. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may engage in trading or investing in credit derivative contracts, which are contracts that transfer price, spread and/or default risks of debt and other instruments from one party to another, both for bona fide hedging of existing long and short positions, but also for independent profit opportunities. Such instruments may include one or more credits. The market for credit derivatives may be relatively illiquid, and there are considerable risks that may make it difficult either to buy or sell the contracts as needed or at reasonable prices. There are also risks with respect to credit derivatives in determining whether an event will trigger payment under the contract and whether such payment will offset the loss or payment due under another instrument. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, a failure to pay, the acceleration of an obligation or modified restructuring of a credit obligation or instrument.

 

The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may be either the buyer or seller in these transactions. If the Fund is a buyer of credit protection and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing. Worse still, if a credit event occurs, the Fund, as a buyer, typically will receive full notional value for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. Buyers of credit derivatives carry the risk of non-performance by the seller due to an inability to pay.

 

As a seller of credit protection, the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) would typically receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and five years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs, the seller may pay the buyer the full notional value of the reference obligations. Sellers of credit derivatives carry the inherent price, spread and default risks of the underlying instruments.

 

Credit default swaps involve greater risks than if the Fund (or an Underlying Fund) had invested in the reference obligation directly. In addition to general market risks, credit default swaps are subject to liquidity risk and credit risk. A buyer of credit protection also may lose its investment and recover nothing should no credit event occur. If a credit event were to occur, the value of the reference obligation received by the seller, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund. Further, in certain circumstances, the buyer can receive the notional value of a credit default swap only by delivering a physical security to the seller, and is at risk if such deliverable security is unavailable or illiquid. Such a delivery “crunch” is a distinct risk of these investments.

 

The credit derivatives market is a rapidly evolving market. As a result, different participants in the credit derivatives markets may have different practices or interpretations with respect to applicable terms and definitions, and ambiguities concerning such terms or definitions, may be interpreted or resolved in ways that are adverse to the Fund. Additionally, there may be circumstances and market conditions (including the possibility of a large number of buyers of credit default swaps being required to deliver the same physical security in the same time frame) that have not yet been experienced that could have adverse effects on the Fund’s investments.

 

The regulation of derivatives in the United States and other countries is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. Accordingly, the impact of this evolving regulatory regime on the Fund is difficult to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.

 
Interest Rate Swaps Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Interest Rate Swaps Risk. The Fund (or an Underlying Fund) may enter into interest rate swap agreements with another party to receive or pay interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments) to protect itself from interest rate fluctuations. This type of swap is an agreement that obligates two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at specified intervals based upon or calculated by reference to a specified interest rate(s) for a specified amount. The payment flows are usually netted against each other, with the difference being paid by one party to the other. Interest rate swap agreements are subject to general market risk, liquidity risk, counterparty risk and interest rate risk.

 
Counterparty Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Counterparty Risk. The Fund is exposed to the risk that third parties that may owe the Fund, or its issuers, money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties include trading counterparties, clearing agents/clearing members, exchanges, clearing houses, custodians, prime brokers, administrators and other intermediaries. These parties may default on their obligations to the Fund or its issuers, due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. This risk may arise, for example, from entering into swap or other derivative contracts under which counterparties have long-term obligations to make payments to the Fund or its issuers, or executing securities, futures, currency or commodity trades that fail to settle at the required time due to non-delivery by the counterparty or systems failure by clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other intermediaries. Also, any practice of rehypothecation of securities of the Fund or its issuers held by counterparties could result in the loss of such securities upon the bankruptcy, insolvency or failure of such counterparties. In addition, any of the Fund’s cash held with a prime broker, custodian or counterparty may not be segregated from the prime broker’s, custodian’s or counterparty’s own cash, and the Fund therefore may rank as an unsecured creditor in relation thereto. Even when the Fund’s assets are segregated from the Fund’s prime broker’s, custodian’s, clearing agent’s/clearing member’s, clearing house’s or other counterparty’s own assets, there is still risk that the Fund will be limited or significantly delayed in its ability to recover assets from such counterparties. For example, under current Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulations, a clearing member is required to maintain customers’ assets in omnibus accounts for all of its futures and cleared swaps customers segregated from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. If, however, a clearing member fails to segregate customer assets, is unable to satisfy a substantial deficit in a customer account, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, clearing member customers may be subject to risk of loss of their funds in the event of that clearing member’s bankruptcy. The Fund also might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of a Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of the funds held by the clearing member on behalf of customers by account class. It is not entirely clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearinghouse, or the clearing member through which the Fund holds its positions at a clearinghouse, would be conducted, what effect the insolvency proceeding would have on any recovery by the Fund, and what impact an insolvency of a clearinghouse or clearing member would have on the financial system more generally. The inability to recover the Fund’s assets could have a material impact on the performance of the Fund. The consolidation and elimination of counterparties resulting from the disruption in the financial markets has generally increased the concentration of counterparty risk and has decreased the number of potential counterparties.

 
Payment-in-Kind ("PIK") Income Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Payment-in-Kind (“PIK”) Income Risk. The Fund may hold investments that result in PIK income or PIK dividends. PIK income creates the risk that incentive fees will be paid to the Adviser based on non-cash accruals that ultimately may not be realized, while the Adviser will be under no obligation to reimburse the Fund for these fees. PIK income may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a non-cash component of the Fund’s taxable income that may require cash distributions to shareholders in order to maintain the Fund’s ability to be subject to tax as a RIC. PIK income has the effect of generating investment income at a compounding rate, thereby further increasing the incentive fees payable to the Adviser. Similarly, all things being equal, the deferral associated with PIK income also increases the loan-to-value ratio at a compounding rate. The interest payments deferred on a PIK loan are subject to the risk that the borrower may default when the deferred payments are due in cash at the maturity of the loan. In addition, PIKs may have unreliable valuations because the accruals require judgments about ultimate collectability of the deferred payments and the value of the associated collateral. The market prices of PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Because PIK income results in an increase in the size of the PIK securities held, the Fund’s exposure to potential losses increases when a security pays PIK income.

 
Other Risks Relating to the Fund [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Other Risks Relating to the Fund

 
Senior Management Personnel of the Adviser [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Senior Management Personnel of the Adviser. Since the Fund has no employees, it depends on the investment expertise, skill and network of business contacts of the Adviser. The Adviser evaluates, negotiates, structures, executes, monitors and services the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of the Adviser and its senior management team. The departure of any members of the Adviser’s senior management team could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

The Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective depends on the Adviser’s ability to identify, analyze, invest in, finance and monitor companies that meet the Fund’s investment criteria. The Adviser’s capabilities in managing the investment process, providing competent, attentive and efficient services to the Fund, and facilitating access to financing on acceptable terms depend on the employment of investment professionals in an adequate number and of adequate sophistication to match the corresponding flow of transactions. To achieve the Fund’s investment objective, the Adviser may need to hire, train, supervise and manage new investment professionals to participate in the Fund’s investment selection and monitoring process. The Adviser may not be able to find investment professionals in a timely manner or at all. Failure to support the Fund’s investment process could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

In addition, the Investment Advisory Agreement has termination provisions that allow the parties to terminate the agreements without penalty. The Investment Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time, without penalty, by the Adviser upon 60 days’ notice to the Fund. If the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may adversely affect the quality of the Fund’s investment opportunities. In addition, in the event the Investment Advisory Agreement is terminated, it may be difficult for the Fund to replace the Adviser. Furthermore, the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement may adversely impact the terms of the Fund’s or its subsidiaries’ financing facilities or any financing facility into which the Fund or its subsidiaries may enter in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business and financial condition.

 
Key Personnel Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Key Personnel Risk. The Adviser depends on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of certain professionals, including professionals associated with the Underlying Funds. The Adviser also depends, to a significant extent, on access to other investment professionals and the information and deal flow generated by these investment professionals in the course of their investment and portfolio management activities. The Fund’s success depends on the continued service of such personnel. The investment professionals associated with the Adviser are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Fund’s business and affairs. The departure of any of the senior managers of the Adviser, or of a significant number of the investment professionals or partners of the Adviser’s affiliates, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. Individuals not currently associated with the Adviser may become associated with the Fund and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals. In addition, there is no assurance that the Adviser will remain the Fund’s investment adviser or that the Adviser will continue to have access to the investment professionals and partners of its affiliates and the information and deal flow generated by the investment professionals of its affiliates.

 
The Adviser’s Relationships [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

The Adviser’s Relationships. The Fund expects that the Adviser (and an Underlying Fund’s investment manager) will depend on its existing relationships with private equity sponsors, investment banks and commercial banks, and the Fund expects to rely to a significant extent upon these relationships for purposes of potential investment opportunities. If the Adviser fails to maintain its existing relationships or develop new relationships with other sources or sponsors of investment opportunities, the Fund may not be able to expand its investment portfolio. In addition, individuals with whom the Adviser has relationships are not obligated to provide the Fund with investment opportunities and, therefore, there is no assurance that such relationships will generate investment opportunities for the Fund.

 
Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Shares Not Listed; No Market for Shares. The Fund has been organized as a closed-end management investment company. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) because investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Unlike most closed-end funds, which typically list their shares on a securities exchange, the Fund does not currently intend to list the Shares for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future. Therefore, an investment in the Fund, unlike an investment in a typical closed-end fund, is not a liquid investment.

 
“Best-Efforts” Offering Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

“Best-Efforts” Offering Risk. This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the Distributor is only required to use its best efforts to sell the Shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the Shares. To the extent that less than the maximum offering amount is subscribed for, the opportunity for the allocation of the Fund’s investments among various issuers and industries may be decreased, and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of the Fund’s expenses over a smaller capital base.

 
Inadequate Return Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Inadequate Return Risk. No assurance can be given that the returns on the Fund’s investments will be commensurate with the risk of investment in its Shares.

 
Inadequate Network of Broker-Dealer Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Inadequate Network of Broker-Dealer Risk. The Fund’s ability to implement its investment objective and strategies, depends upon the ability of the Distributor to establish, operate and maintain a network of selected broker-dealers to sell the Shares. If the Distributor fails to perform, the Fund may not be able to raise adequate proceeds to implement the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. If the Fund is unsuccessful in implementing its investment objective and strategies, an investor could lose all or a part of his or her investment in the Fund.

 
Registration under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act. [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Registration under the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act. Registration with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” or any change in the Fund’s operations necessary to maintain the Adviser’s ability to rely upon an exemption or exclusion from registration as such could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to implement its investment program, conduct its operations and/or achieve its objective and subject the Fund to certain additional costs, expenses and administrative burdens.

 
Repurchase Offers Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Repurchase Offers Risks. As described under “Share Repurchase Program,” the Fund is an “interval fund” and, to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, makes quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to the Fund’s Shareholders, and generally are funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities, which may increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate. However, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund decreases the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Fund’s expense ratios. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may also affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities, and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities. If the Fund uses leverage, repurchases of Shares may compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows money to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing Fund expenses and reducing any net investment income. Certain Shareholders may from time to time own or control a significant percentage of the Fund’s Shares. Repurchase requests by these Shareholders of these Shares of the Fund may cause repurchases to be oversubscribed, with the result that Shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased in connection with any repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed and the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to purchase, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. Shareholders will be subject to the risk of NAV fluctuations during that period. Thus, there is also a risk that some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarterly period, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. The NAV of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may fluctuate between the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request and the Repurchase Request Deadline, and to the extent there is any delay between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the Repurchase Pricing Date. The NAV on the Repurchase Request Deadline or the Repurchase Pricing Date may be higher or lower than on the date a Shareholder submits a repurchase request. See “Share Repurchase Program.”

 
Distribution Payment Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Distribution Payment Risk. The Fund cannot assure investors that the Fund will achieve investment results that will allow the Fund to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of the Board and may depend on the Fund’s earnings, the Fund’s net investment income, the Fund’s financial condition, maintenance of the Fund’s RIC status, compliance with applicable regulations and such other factors as the Board may deem relevant from time to time.

 

In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, all or a substantial portion of the Fund’s distributions may constitute a return of capital to Shareholders. To the extent that the Fund pays distributions that constitute a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it will lower an investor’s tax basis in his or her Shares. A return of capital generally is a return of an investor’s investment, rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities, and generally results in a reduction of the tax basis in the Shares. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Fund Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment.

 
Risks Associated with the Fund Distribution Policy [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Risks Associated with the Fund Distribution Policy. The Fund intends to make annual distributions. The Fund may pay out less than all of its net investment income to the extent consistent with maintaining its ability to be subject to treatment as a “RIC” for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Code, pay out undistributed income from prior months, return capital in addition to current period net investment income or borrow money to fund distributions. The distributions for any full or partial calendar year might not be made in equal amounts, and one distribution may be larger than the other. The Fund will make a distribution only if authorized by the Board and declared by the Fund out of assets legally available for these distributions. This distribution policy may, under certain circumstances, have certain adverse consequences to the Fund and its Shareholders because it may result in a return of capital, which would reduce the NAV of the Shares and, over time, potentially increase the Fund’s expense ratios. If a distribution constitutes a return of capital, it means that the Fund is returning to Shareholders a portion of their investment rather than making a distribution that is funded from the Fund’s earned income or other profits. The Fund’s distribution policy may be changed at any time by the Board.

 

There is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a calendar or taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s net investment company taxable income and net capital gains for the relevant taxable year. In such situations, if a distribution exceeds the Fund’s then-current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes), a portion of each distribution paid with respect to such taxable year would generally be treated as a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thereby reducing the amount of a Shareholder’s tax basis in such Shareholder’s Fund Shares. When a Shareholder sells Fund Shares, the amount, if any, by which the sales price exceeds the Shareholder’s tax basis in Fund Shares may be treated as a gain subject to tax. Because a return of capital reduces a Shareholder’s tax basis in Fund Shares, it generally will increase the amount of such Shareholder’s gain or decrease the amount of such Shareholder’s loss when such Shareholder sells Fund Shares. To the extent that the amount of any return of capital distribution exceeds a Shareholder’s tax basis in Fund Shares, such excess generally will be treated as gain from a sale or exchange of the Shares.

 

If the Fund elects to issue preferred Shares and/or notes or other forms of indebtedness, its ability to make distributions to its Shareholders may be limited by the asset coverage requirements and other limitations imposed by the 1940 Act and the terms of the Fund’s Preferred Shares, notes or other indebtedness.

 
Investment Dilution Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Investment Dilution Risk. The Fund’s investors do not have preemptive rights to any Shares the Fund may issue in the future. The Fund’s amended and restated declaration of trust (the “Declaration of Trust”) authorizes it to issue an unlimited number of Shares. The Board may make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. After an investor purchases Shares, the Fund may sell additional Shares in the future or issue equity interests in private offerings. To the extent the Fund issues additional equity interests after an investor purchases its Shares, such investor’s percentage ownership interest in the Fund will be diluted.

 
Anti-Takeover Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Anti-Takeover Risk. The Declaration of Trust and bylaws, as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire it. Subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, the Board may, without Shareholder action, authorize the issuance of Shares in one or more classes or series, including preferred Shares; and the Board may, without Shareholder action, make certain amendments to the Declaration of Trust. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change of control in circumstances that could give Shareholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the value of the Shares.

 
Conflicts of Interest Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Conflicts of Interest Risk. The Adviser is an entity in which the Fund’s Interested Trustees, officers and portfolio manager may have indirect ownership and economic interests. Certain of the Fund’s Trustees and officers and portfolio manager may also serve as officers or principals of other investment managers affiliated with the Adviser that currently, and may in the future, manage investment funds with investment objectives similar to the Fund’s investment objective. In addition, certain of the Fund’s officers and Trustees and the portfolio manager serve or may serve as officers, trustees or principals of entities that operate in the same or related line of business as the Fund does or of investment funds managed by the Fund’s affiliates. Accordingly, the Fund may not be made aware of and/or given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by investment funds managed by advisers affiliated with the Adviser. However, the Adviser intends to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with the Adviser’s investment allocation policy, consistent with each fund’s or account’s investment objective and strategies and legal and regulatory requirements.

 
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk - Allocation of Personnel [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Allocation of Personnel. The Fund’s executive officers and Trustees, and the employees of the Adviser, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business as the Fund or of investment funds or accounts managed by the Adviser or its affiliates. As a result, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in the best interests of the Fund or its Shareholders. Additionally, certain personnel of the Adviser and their management may face conflicts in their time management and commitments.

 
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk - Lack of Information Barriers [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk—Lack of Information Barriers. By reason of the various activities of the Adviser and its affiliates, the Adviser and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain Fund investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time.

 
Portfolio Fair Value Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Portfolio Fair Value Risk. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to carry its portfolio investments at market value or, if there is no readily available market value, at fair value. There is not a public market for the securities of the privately held companies in which the Fund may invest. Many of the Fund’s investments are not exchange-traded and will not have a readily determinable market price. The Adviser, as valuation designee, is responsible for the valuation of the Fund’s portfolio investments and implementing the portfolio valuation process set forth in the Adviser’s and the Fund’s valuation policy. Valuations of Fund investments are disclosed quarterly in reports publicly filed with the SEC. See “Determination of Net Asset Value.”

 

A high proportion of the Fund’s investments relative to its total investments are valued at fair value. Certain factors that may be considered in determining the fair value of the Fund’s investments include dealer quotes for securities traded on the OTC secondary market for institutional investors, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s earnings and its ability to make payments on its indebtedness, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to selected publicly-traded companies, discounted cash flow and other relevant factors. The factors and methodologies used for the valuation of such securities are not necessarily an indication of the risks associated with investing in those securities nor can it be assured that the Fund can realize the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security. Such valuations, and particularly valuations of private securities and private companies, are inherently uncertain, and they often reflect only periodic information received by the Adviser about such companies’ financial condition and/or business operations, which may be on a lagged basis and can be based on estimates. Determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if an exchange-traded market for these securities existed. Investments in private companies are typically governed by privately negotiated credit agreements and covenants, and reporting requirements contained in the agreements may result in a delay in reporting their financial position to lenders, which in turn may result in the Fund’s investments being valued on the basis of this reported information. Further, the Fund is offered on a daily basis and calculates a daily NAV per Share. The Adviser seeks to evaluate material information about the Fund’s investments; however, for the reasons noted herein, the Adviser may not be able to acquire and/or evaluate properly such information on a daily basis. Due to these various factors, the Adviser’s fair value determinations could cause the Fund’s NAV on a valuation day to materially differ from what it would have been had such information been fully incorporated. As a result, investors who purchase shares may receive more or less shares and investors who tender their shares may receive more or less cash proceeds than they otherwise would receive.

 
Portfolio Turnover Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Portfolio Turnover Risk. The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to the Fund and, ultimately, Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.

 
Cybersecurity Risks [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Cybersecurity Risks. Cybersecurity incidents and cyber-attacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. The Adviser faces various security threats on a regular basis, including ongoing cyber security threats to and attacks on its information technology infrastructure that are intended to gain access to its proprietary information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage its systems. As the use of the internet and other technologies is prevalent in the course of business, the Fund and its service providers are more susceptible to operational and financial risks associated with cyberattacks. Cybersecurity incidents can result from deliberate attacks, such as gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption, or from unintentional events, such as the inadvertent release of confidential information. Cybersecurity failures or breaches of the Fund, its service providers or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, can cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses; the inability of Fund Shareholders to transact; violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement, or other compensation costs; and/or additional compliance costs. While measures have been developed that are designed to reduce the risks associated with cyberattacks, and the Adviser is not currently aware that it has been subject to cyber-attacks or other cyber incidents which, individually or in the aggregate, have materially affected its operations or financial condition, there can be no assurance that the various procedures and controls utilized to mitigate these threats will be sufficient to prevent disruptions to its systems, particularly since the Fund does not directly control the cybersecurity defenses or plans of their service providers, financial intermediaries, and companies in which it invests or with which it does business.

 

The Adviser’s and issuers’ information and technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and security breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals, power outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes.

 

In addition, the Fund will heavily rely on the Adviser’s and third parties’ financial, accounting, information and other data processing systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third-party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in its activities. If any of these systems do not operate properly or are disabled for any reason or if there is any unauthorized disclosure of data, whether as a result of tampering, a breach of its network security systems, a cyber-incident or attack or otherwise, the Fund and/or the Adviser could suffer substantial financial loss, increased costs, a disruption of its businesses, liability to its investors, regulatory intervention or reputational damage. In addition, the Adviser operates in a business that is highly dependent on information systems and technology. The information systems and technology that the Adviser relies on may not continue to be able to accommodate their growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund and/or the Adviser.

 

A cybersecurity incident could have numerous material adverse effects, including on the operations, liquidity and financial condition of the Fund. Cyber threats and/or incidents could cause financial costs from the theft of Fund assets (including proprietary information and intellectual property) as well as numerous unforeseen costs including, but not limited to: litigation costs, preventative and protective costs, remediation costs and costs associated with reputational damage, any one of which, could be materially adverse to the Fund. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will be able to prevent or mitigate such incidents. If systems and measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, are compromised, become inoperable for extended periods of time or cease to function properly, the Adviser, the Fund and/or an issuer may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them. The failure of these systems and/or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in the Adviser’s, the Fund’s and/or an issuer’s operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to investors (and the beneficial owners of investors).

 

In addition, the Fund or the Adviser may not be in a position to verify the risks or reliability of third parties with which the Fund’s and the Adviser’s operations interface with and/or depend on third parties, including T. Rowe Price and other service providers. The Fund may suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failure to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them.

 
Non-Diversified Status [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Non-Diversified Status. The Fund is a “non-diversified” investment company for purposes of the 1940 Act, which means it is not subject to percentage limitations under the 1940 Act on assets that may be invested in the securities of any one issuer. A fund that invests in a relatively smaller number of issuers is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political, geographic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund might be. In addition, poor performance by a single issuer could adversely affect fund performance more than if the fund were invested in a larger number of issuers. As a result, the Fund’s net asset value may be subject to greater volatility than that of an investment company that is subject to diversification limitations.

 
Risks Relating to Fund's RIC Status [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Risks Relating to Fund’s RIC Status. The Fund currently intends to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Code. Although the Fund intends to elect to be treated as a RIC under the Code, no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to qualify for and maintain RIC status. If the Fund qualifies as a RIC under the Code, the Fund generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on its income and capital gains that are timely distributed (or deemed distributed) as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to its Shareholders. To qualify as a RIC under the Code and to be relieved of federal taxes on income and gains distributed as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the Fund’s Shareholders, the Fund must, among other things, derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from qualifying income, meet certain asset diversification tests at the end of each fiscal quarter, and distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income for each taxable year. The Fund’s complex investment strategies may make compliance with such requirements more challenging. For purposes of meeting the source-of-income requirement, the character of the Fund’s income and gain derived through an Underlying Fund treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes (other than certain publicly traded partnerships) generally will be determined as if the Fund had realized such income and gain directly, in the same manner as realized by the Underlying Fund. The activities of Underlying Funds could therefore affect the Fund’s ability to qualify as a RIC. Additionally, failure to timely obtain sufficient information from the Underlying Funds or their managers, where information is not publicly available, could adversely impact the Fund’s ability to satisfy these requirements and result in the Fund incurring a tax liability, including an excise tax on under-distributed income and, in certain circumstances, U.S. federal income tax at corporate tax rates.

 

The Fund’s investment strategy will potentially be limited by its intention to qualify for treatment as a RIC. The tax treatment of certain of the Fund’s investments under one or more of the qualification or distribution tests applicable to RICs is not certain. An adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS or a change in law might affect the Fund’s ability to qualify for such treatment.

 

Certain of the Goldman Sachs Underlying Funds intend to be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If any of these funds were to fail to qualify to be treated as a partnership, the Fund may not meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC.

 

The Fund’s investment strategy includes the allocation of a portion of its portfolio to other funds that are intended to be treated as RICs. If any of these funds were to fail to qualify to be treated as a RIC, the Fund may not meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC. A sudden devaluation of any of such funds due to some unexpected events or market conditions could also significantly affect the Fund’s ability to meet the asset diversification tests necessary to qualify as a RIC.

 

If the Fund were to fail to satisfy the RIC requirements, absent a cure, it would lose its status as a RIC under the Code. A cure may require disposition of certain investments in a short period of time, which could be difficult to execute if such investments are not liquid or otherwise subject to transfer restrictions. Such loss of RIC status could affect the amount, timing and character of the Fund’s distributions, and would cause all of the Fund’s taxable income to be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to investors. In addition, all distributions (including amounts that, if the Fund were a RIC, might be treated as capital gain dividends) would be taxed to their recipients as dividend income to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. Accordingly, disqualification as a RIC would have a significant adverse effect on the value of the Shares.

 
RIC-Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

RIC-Related Risks of Investments Generating Non-Cash Taxable Income. Certain of the Fund’s investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a tax year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, certain of the Fund’s investments in loans and other debt instruments will be treated as having “market discount” and/or original issue discount (“OID”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which may result in the Fund recognizing income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income. In addition, the Fund expects to invest in Underlying Funds that are classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which may result in the Fund recognizing items of taxable income and gain prior to the time that the Fund receives cash distributions from the Underlying Fund. If the Fund receives an in-kind distribution of securities from an underlying investment, such securities may be illiquid or subject to transfer restrictions. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell liquid assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make distributions required in order to maintain its status as a RIC and avoid the imposition of U.S. federal income or excise tax. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize additional gain or loss on such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes additional net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than it or they would in the absence of such transactions.
Interest Rate Risk [Member]  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]  
Risk [Text Block]

Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities and other instruments in the Fund’s portfolio will fluctuate in value because of a change in interest rates. For example, as nominal interest rates rise, the value of certain fixed income securities held by the Fund is likely to decrease. A nominal interest rate can be described as the sum of a real interest rate and an expected inflation rate. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result of movements in interest rates. The Fund may not be able to hedge against changes in interest rates or may choose not to do so for cost or other reasons. In addition, any hedges may not work as intended.

 

Fixed income securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. The values of equity and other non-fixed income securities may also decline due to fluctuations in interest rates. Inflation-indexed bonds, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (“TIPS”), decline in value when real interest rates rise. In certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, inflation-indexed bonds may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar durations.

 

Dividend-paying equity securities, particularly those whose market price is closely related to their yield, may be more sensitive to changes in interest rates. During periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities may decline and may result in losses to the Fund.

 

Variable and floating rate securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Inverse floating rate securities may decrease in value if interest rates increase. Inverse floating rate securities may also exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation with similar credit quality. When the Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of the Fund’s Shares.

 

A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates or yields of U.S. Treasury securities (or yields of other types of bonds) to rise, including, but not limited to, central bank monetary policies, changing inflation or real growth rates, general economic conditions, increasing bond issuances or reduced market demand for low yielding investments. During periods of rising interest rates, there ““is the risk that the income generated by investments may not keep pace with inflation. Actions by governments and central banking authorities can result in increases or decreases in interest rates. Periods of higher inflation could cause such authorities to raise interest rates, which may adversely affect the Fund and its investments. In addition, changes in monetary policy may exacerbate the risks associated with changing interest rates. Further, in market environments where interest rates are rising, issuers may be less willing or able to make principal and interest payments on fixed income investments when due.

 

A rising interest rate environment may result in a decline in value of the Fund’s fixed income investments and in periods of volatility. Further, while U.S. bond markets have steadily grown over the past three decades, dealer “market making” ability has remained relatively stagnant. As a result, dealer inventories of certain types of bonds and similar instruments, which provide a core indication of the ability of financial intermediaries to “make markets,” are at or near historic lows in relation to market size. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, the significant reduction in dealer inventories could potentially lead to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Such issues may be exacerbated during periods of economic uncertainty. All of these factors, collectively and/or individually, could cause the Fund to lose value.

 

Certain European countries have experienced, and may experience, negative interest rates on certain fixed income instruments. Very low or negative interest rates may magnify interest rate risk. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from a fund’s performance to the extent a fund is exposed to such interest rates.

 

Measures such as average duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of a fund. This is especially the case if a fund consists of securities with widely varying durations. Therefore, if a fund has an average duration that suggests a certain level of interest rate risk, a fund may in fact be subject to greater interest rate risk than the average would suggest. This risk is greater to the extent a fund uses leverage or derivatives.

 
Business Contact [Member]  
Cover [Abstract]  
Entity Address, Address Line One T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.
Entity Address, Address Line Two 1307 Point Street
Entity Address, City or Town Baltimore
Entity Address, State or Province MD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 21231
Contact Personnel Name David Oestreicher
Class A [Member]  
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Sales Load [Percent] 3.50% [1]
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Fees $ 0
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Management Fees [Percent] 0.50% [2]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] 1.72% [3],[4]
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] 0.75% [3]
Other Annual Expense 3 [Percent] 0.68% [3]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 3.65%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.50%) [2],[5]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 3.15%
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 66
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 137
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 210
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 402
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class A Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 0
Class D [Member]  
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Sales Load [Percent] 1.50% [1]
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Fees $ 0
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Management Fees [Percent] 0.50% [2]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] 1.72% [3],[4]
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] 0.25% [3]
Other Annual Expense 3 [Percent] 0.68% [3]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 3.15%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.50%) [2],[5]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 2.65%
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 41
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 104
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 170
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 345
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class D Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 0
Class I [Member]  
Fee Table [Abstract]  
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Fees $ 0
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]  
Management Fees [Percent] 0.50% [2]
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]  
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] 1.72% [3],[4]
Other Annual Expense 3 [Percent] 0.58% [3]
Total Annual Expenses [Percent] 2.80%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] (0.50%) [2],[5]
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] 2.30%
Expense Example, Year 01 $ 23
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 80
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 140
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 $ 301
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]  
Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] Class I Shares
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares 0
Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares 4,000
[1] Investors purchasing Class A Shares or Class D Shares may be charged a sales load of up to 3.50% or 1.50%, respectively, of the Investor’s gross purchase. The Distributor may, in its discretion, waive all or a portion of the sales load for certain investors. Please consult your financial firm for additional information. See “Plan of Distribution.”
[2] The Fund pays to the Adviser a Management Fee payable monthly in arrears and accrued daily based upon the Fund’s average daily net assets at an annual rate of 0.50%. The Adviser has contractually agreed, through June 30, 2027 , to reduce its Management Fee to 0% (“Initial Fee Holiday”), after including the effects of any management fees waived pursuant to any of the Fund’s other expense limitation arrangements, as disclosed in this Prospectus. This Initial Fee Holiday will continue for at least one year from the effective date of the Fund’s registration statement and shall not be subject to reimbursement to the Adviser.
[3] Based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[4] The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (“AFFE”) include the fees and expenses of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest. Some or all of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge asset-based management fees. The managers of the Underlying Funds may also receive performance-based compensation if the Underlying Funds achieve certain profit levels, generally in the form of “carried interest” allocations of profits from the Underlying Funds, which effectively will reduce the investment returns of the Underlying Funds. The Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge a management fee of 1.00% to 1.25%, and generally charge between 12.5% and 15% of net profits as a carried interest or performance allocation. The AFFE disclosed above are based on historic returns of Underlying Funds in which the Fund expects to invest, which may change substantially over time. The AFFE reflects operating expenses of the Underlying Funds (i.e., management fees, performance fees, administration fees and professional and other direct, fixed fees and expenses of the Underlying Funds). As such, fees and allocations for a particular period may be unrelated to the cost of investing in the Underlying Funds. AFFE exclude fees and expenses of any Underlying Funds which are real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) as they are excluded from the definition of an investment company under Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and are not treated as acquired funds. The Fund invests in a REIT advised by Goldman Sachs that generally charges a management fee of 1.00%, as well as other operating expenses.
[5] The Adviser and the Fund have entered into the Expense Limitation Agreement in respect of each of Class A Shares, Class D Shares, and Class I Shares, under which the Adviser has agreed contractually until April 30, 2028 to waive its Management Fee and/or reimburse the Fund’s organizational and offering costs, as well as the Fund’s operating expenses on a monthly basis to the extent that the Fund’s monthly total annualized fund operating expenses in respect of each class (excluding (i) the Investment Management Fee; (ii) costs incurred pursuant to the Fund’s Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan and/or AFP Program; (iii) costs associated with the acquisition, ongoing investment and disposition of the Fund’s investments and unconsummated investments, including legal costs, professional fees, travel costs and brokerage costs; (iv) expenses incurred directly or indirectly by the Fund as a result of expenses related to investing in, or incurred by, an underlying fund, including, without limitation, an underlying fund’s operating expenses, management fees, and performance fees and/or incentive allocations (acquired fund fees and expenses or “AFFE”)); (v) dividend and interest payments (including any dividend payments, interest expenses, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund); (vi) taxes and costs to reclaim foreign taxes; and (vii) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the Adviser), to the extent that such expenses, on an annualized basis, exceed 1.00% of the average daily net assets of each Class (the “Operating Expense Limitation”).). In consideration of the Operating Expense Limitation, the Fund has agreed to repay the Adviser in the amount of any waived Investment Management Fees and Fund expenses reimbursed in respect of each of Class A Shares, Class D Shares, and Class I Shares, subject to the limitation that a reimbursement (an “Adviser Recoupment”) will be made only if and to the extent that: (i) it is payable not more than three years from the date on which the applicable waiver or expense payment was made by the Adviser; and (ii) the Adviser Recoupment does not cause such class’s total annual operating expenses (on an annualized basis and net of any reimbursements received by the Fund during such fiscal year) during the applicable quarter to exceed the lower of the Operating Expense Limitation (i) at the time of the waiver or (ii) at the time of recoupment.