<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019e4c62-453d-7a0e-b917-e0d46c4c3bd2,g:0e7d445c-d8d0-4701-b0d9-5ef431c1024e-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:cl="http://www.colgate.com/20260624" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.colgate.com/20260624">
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2026/elts/srt-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap-ebp/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/ebp/elts/us-gaap-ebp-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2026/elts/us-gaap-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2026/dei-2026.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cl-20260624_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cl-20260624_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cl-20260624_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="cl-20260624_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType id="Cover" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/Cover">
        <link:definition>0000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StatementsofNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/StatementsofNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits">
        <link:definition>0000002 - Statement - Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StatementsofChangesinNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/StatementsofChangesinNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits">
        <link:definition>0000003 - Statement - Statements of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DescriptionofthePlan" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/DescriptionofthePlan">
        <link:definition>0000004 - Disclosure - Description of the Plan</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPolicies" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPolicies">
        <link:definition>0000005 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="TaxStatus" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/TaxStatus">
        <link:definition>0000006 - Disclosure - Tax Status</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PlansInterestinMasterTrust" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/PlansInterestinMasterTrust">
        <link:definition>0000007 - Disclosure - Plan's Interest in Master Trust</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InvestmentsandFairValueMeasurements" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/InvestmentsandFairValueMeasurements">
        <link:definition>0000008 - Disclosure - Investments and Fair Value Measurements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RisksandUncertainties" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/RisksandUncertainties">
        <link:definition>0000009 - Disclosure - Risks and Uncertainties</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RelatedPartyandPartyinInterestTransactions" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/RelatedPartyandPartyinInterestTransactions">
        <link:definition>0000010 - Disclosure - Related Party and Party-in-Interest Transactions</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
        <link:definition>0000011 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DescriptionofthePlanTables" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/DescriptionofthePlanTables">
        <link:definition>0000012 - Disclosure - Description of the Plan (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PlansInterestinMasterTrustTables" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/PlansInterestinMasterTrustTables">
        <link:definition>0000013 - Disclosure - Plan's Interest in Master Trust (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InvestmentsandFairValueMeasurementsTables" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/InvestmentsandFairValueMeasurementsTables">
        <link:definition>0000014 - Disclosure - Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DescriptionofthePlanDetails" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/DescriptionofthePlanDetails">
        <link:definition>0000015 - Disclosure - Description of the Plan (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PlansInterestinMasterTrustScheduleofMasterTrustNetAssetsDetails" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/PlansInterestinMasterTrustScheduleofMasterTrustNetAssetsDetails">
        <link:definition>0000016 - Disclosure - Plan's Interest in Master Trust - Schedule of Master Trust Net Assets (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PlansInterestinMasterTrustScheduleofNetInvestmentIncomeLossDetails" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/PlansInterestinMasterTrustScheduleofNetInvestmentIncomeLossDetails">
        <link:definition>0000017 - Disclosure - Plan's Interest in Master Trust - Schedule of Net Investment Income (Loss) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InvestmentsandFairValueMeasurementsDetails" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/InvestmentsandFairValueMeasurementsDetails">
        <link:definition>0000018 - Disclosure - Investments and Fair Value Measurements (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RelatedPartyandPartyinInterestTransactionsDetails" roleURI="http://www.colgate.com/role/RelatedPartyandPartyinInterestTransactionsDetails">
        <link:definition>0000019 - Disclosure - Related Party and Party-in-Interest Transactions (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPPlanMember" abstract="true" name="EBPPlanMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPPlanAdministrationPolicyTextBlock" abstract="false" name="EBPPlanAdministrationPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPScheduleOfPlanFundsTableTextBlock" abstract="false" name="EBPScheduleOfPlanFundsTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPFundNameAxis" abstract="true" name="EBPFundNameAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPFundNameDomain" abstract="true" name="EBPFundNameDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_NeubergerBermanGenesisFundR6Member" abstract="true" name="NeubergerBermanGenesisFundR6Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPEmployerContributionPlanTypeAxis" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionPlanTypeAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPEmployerContributionPlanTypeDomain" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionPlanTypeDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPSavingsProgramMember" abstract="true" name="EBPSavingsProgramMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPCompanyRetirementContributionsProgramMember" abstract="true" name="EBPCompanyRetirementContributionsProgramMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPServicePeriodAxis" abstract="true" name="EBPServicePeriodAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPServicePeriodDomain" abstract="true" name="EBPServicePeriodDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPServicePeriodOneMember" abstract="true" name="EBPServicePeriodOneMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPServicePeriodTwoMember" abstract="true" name="EBPServicePeriodTwoMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPServicePeriodThreeMember" abstract="true" name="EBPServicePeriodThreeMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPVestingPeriodOneMember" abstract="true" name="EBPVestingPeriodOneMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPVestingPeriodTwoMember" abstract="true" name="EBPVestingPeriodTwoMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPVestingPeriodThreeMember" abstract="true" name="EBPVestingPeriodThreeMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPVestingPeriodFourMember" abstract="true" name="EBPVestingPeriodFourMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPMarketValueOfCompany" abstract="false" name="EBPMarketValueOfCompany" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPEmployerContributionVestingPercentageTranche1" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingPercentageTranche1" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPEmployerContributionVestingServicePeriodInitial50Percent" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingServicePeriodInitial50Percent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPEmployerContributionVestingServicePeriod" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingServicePeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPRequisiteServicePeriod" abstract="false" name="EBPRequisiteServicePeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPVestingPeriod" abstract="false" name="EBPVestingPeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPInvestmentNetAssetValue" abstract="false" name="EBPInvestmentNetAssetValue" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPInvestmentAtFairNAVAndContractValue" abstract="false" name="EBPInvestmentAtFairNAVAndContractValue" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="cl_EBPInvestmentFairAndNetAssetValue" abstract="false" name="EBPInvestmentFairAndNetAssetValue" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
