Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities, including derivatives, are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the financial instrument or derivative contract.

Summary of the Company’s classification and measurements of financial assets and liabilities:

Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories: i) those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”); ii) those to be measured subsequently at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”); and iii) those to be measured at amortized cost. The classification of financial assets depends on the business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. Financial liabilities are classified as those to be measured at amortized cost unless they are designated as those to be measured subsequently at FVTPL (irrevocable election at the time of recognition). For assets and liabilities measured at fair value, gains and losses are either recorded in net loss or other comprehensive income/(loss).

The Company reclassifies financial assets only when its business model for managing those assets changes. Financial liabilities are not reclassified.

Amortized cost

This category includes financial assets that are held within a business model with the objective to hold the financial assets to collect contractual cash flows that meet the sole payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) criterion. Financial assets and liabilities classified in this category are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

Fair value through profit or loss

This category includes derivative instruments as well as quoted equity instruments which the Company has irrevocably elected, at initial recognition or transition, to classify at FVTPL. This category would also include debt instruments of which the cash flow characteristics fail the solely payments of principal and interest (“SPPI”) criterion or are not held within a business model whose objective is either to collect contractual cash flows, or to both collect contractual cash flows and sell. Financial assets and liabilities in this category are recorded at fair value with changes recognized in net loss. The Company records its financial liabilities including derivatives, convertible loans and promissory notes at FVTPL. Derivatives are mandatorily recorded at FVTPL, whereas the Company has elected to record convertible loans and promissory notes at FVTPL.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Equity instruments that are not held-for-trading can be irrevocably designated to have their change in fair value recognized through other comprehensive income/(loss)  instead of through net loss. This election can be made on individual instruments and is not required to be made for the entire class of instruments. Attributable transaction costs are included in the carrying value of the instruments.

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income/(loss) are initially measured at fair value and changes therein are recognized in other comprehensive income/(loss).

Compound financial instrument and derivative liability

The Company determined that the warrants, including public warrants and the private warrants are derivative instruments and should be classified as a financial liability and are measured at FVTPL. Derivative and financial liabilities designated at FVTPL are carried subsequently at fair value with gains or losses recognized in net loss.

Each embedded derivative is measured and presented separately unless the whole hybrid financial instrument is designated as at FVTPL.

Measurement

All financial instruments are required to be measured at fair value on initial recognition, plus, in the case of a financial asset or financial liability not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issuance of the financial asset or financial liability. Transaction costs of financial assets and financial liabilities carried at FVTPL are expensed in net loss. Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest.

Impairment of financial instruments

The Company recognizes a loss allowance for the expected credit losses associated with its financial assets, other than financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss. Expected credit losses are measured to reflect a probability-weighted amount, the time value of money, and reasonable and supportable information regarding past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. The Company applies the simplified approach for other receivables. Using the simplified approach, the Company records a loss allowance equal to the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the assets’ contractual lifetime. The Company assesses whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition or a financial asset is credit-impaired at the reporting date. Regular indicators that a financial instrument is credit impaired include significant financial difficulties as evidenced through borrowing patterns or observed balances in other accounts and breaches of borrowing contracts such as default events or breaches of borrowing covenants. For financial assets with significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and financial assets assessed as credit-impaired at the reporting date, the Company continues to recognize a loss allowance equal to lifetime expected credit losses. For financial assets measured at amortized cost, loss allowances for expected credit losses are presented in the statement of financial position as a deduction from the gross carrying amount of the financial asset. Financial assets are written off when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering all or any portion thereof.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash comprises a collateral agreement with a major chartered bank in Canada with regards to a credit card facility against which the Company deposited in a guaranteed investment certificate with the bank.

Related party transactions

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control. Related parties may be individuals or entities. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is transfer of resources or obligations between related parties.

Research and development

Expenditures on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, are recognized in the statements of net loss and comprehensive loss as incurred.

Development expenditures are capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to complete development and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Other development expenditures are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses include all direct and indirect operating expenses supporting the products in development. The costs incurred in establishing and maintaining patents are expensed as incurred.

Foreign currency translation

The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in USD $ which is the Company’s functional currency.

In each individual entity, a foreign currency transaction is initially recorded in the functional currency of the entity, by applying the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

At the end of the reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities of the Company which are denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the period-end exchange rate. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at rates in effect at the date the assets were acquired, and liabilities incurred.

The resulting exchange gains or losses arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition, are included in the consolidated statements of net income/(loss) and comprehensive income/(loss) in the year in which they arise.

For the purpose of presenting these Consolidated Financial Statements, the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary are translated into USD $ at the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period. Income and expenses are translated at the average rates for the period. The differences from translating subsidiaries are recorded in reserves.

Share-based compensation

The Company operates equity settled share-based remuneration plans for its eligible directors, officers, employees and consultants. All goods and services received in exchange for the grant of any share-based payments are measured at their fair value unless the fair value cannot be estimated reliably. If the Company cannot estimate reliably the fair value of the goods and services received, the Company shall measure their value indirectly by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted. For transactions with employees and others providing similar services, the Company measures the fair value of the services by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted. Equity settled share-based payments under share-based payment plans are ultimately recognized as an expense in profit or loss with a corresponding credit to contributed surplus, in equity. If vesting periods or other vesting conditions apply, the expense is allocated over the vesting period, based on the best available estimate of the number of share options expected to vest. Non-market vesting conditions are included in the assumptions about the number of options that are expected to become exercisable. Estimates are subsequently revised if there is any indication that the number of share options expected to vest differs from the previous estimate. Any cumulative adjustment prior to vesting is recognized in the current period. No adjustment is made to any expense recognized in prior period if share options ultimately exercised are different to that estimated on vesting. Market conditions are considered in the estimate of the fair value of share-based compensation on a grant date.

Income taxes

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in shareholders’ equity, in which case the income tax is also recognized directly in equity or other comprehensive income.

Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustments to tax payable in respect of previous years. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are only offset if a legally enforceable right exists to offset the amounts and the Company.

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of all qualifying temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Deferred income tax is determined on a non-discounted basis using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the deferred tax asset or liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent future recovery is probable. At each reporting period end, deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable earnings will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Investment in PsyLabs

As at March 31, 2025, the Investment in PsyLabs was accounted for as a financial instrument through FVTPL with changes in fair value recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Net Income/(Loss) and Comprehensive Income/(Loss).