v3.26.1
Pension Plans
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pension Plans
17. Pension Plans
The Company and certain subsidiaries have contributory and
non-contributory
pension plans covering substantially all of their employees. Those contributory funded pension plans include defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution pension plans. Under the plans, employees are entitled to
lump-sum
payments at the time of termination of their employment or pension payments. Defined benefit pension plans consist of a plan of which the amounts of such payments are determined on the basis of length of service and remuneration at the time of termination and a cash balance plan.
The Company and certain subsidiaries’ funding policy is to contribute annually the amounts actuarially determined. Assets of the plans are invested primarily in debt securities and marketable equity securities.
 
 
The funded status of the defined benefit pension plans, which consists of Japanese plans and overseas plans, as of March 31, 2025 and 2026 are as follows:
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
Japanese plans
   
Overseas plans
 
    
2025
   
2026
   
2025
   
2026
 
Change in benefit obligation:
        
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
   ¥ 105,109     ¥ 93,804     ¥ 129,934     ¥ 122,744  
Service cost
     5,078       4,473       3,268       2,890  
Interest cost
     1,421       1,943       4,091       4,786  
Actuarial loss (income)
     (7,621     (6,728     (11,712     (8,246 )
Plan participant’s contributions
     0       0       233       471  
Benefits paid
     (5,032     (5,513 )     (2,375     (4,025 )
 
Business combinations
     86       4,141       0       0  
Divestitures
     (1,937     (498 )     0       0  
Plan amendments
     0       0       179       0  
Settlements
     (3,300     0       0       0  
Foreign currency exchange rate change
     0       0       (874     15,504  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Bene
f
it obligatio
n
at
e
nd of year
     93,804       91,622       122,744       134,124  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Change in plan assets:
        
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
     143,101       137,712       153,803       151,819  
Actual return on plan assets
     449       9,551       (1,435     2,115  
Employer contribution
     3,855       4,034       2,446       2,665  
Plan participant’s contributions
     0       0       233       471  
Benefits paid
     (4,404     (4,560 )     (2,182     (3,772 )
Business combinations
     0       5,827       0       0  
Divestitures
     (3,272     (460 )     0       0  
Settlements
     (2,017     (1 )     0       0  
Foreign currency exchange rate change
     0       0       (1,046     19,770  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
     137,712       152,103       151,819       173,068  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
The funded status of the plans
   ¥ 43,908     ¥ 60,481     ¥ 29,075     ¥ 38,944  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consists of:
 
     
Prepaid benefit cost included in other assets
   ¥ 59,111     ¥ 75,053     ¥ 30,809     ¥ 40,886  
Accrued benefit liability included in other liabilities
     (15,203     (14,572 )     (1,734     (1,942 )
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net amount recognized
   ¥ 43,908     ¥ 60,481     ¥ 29,075     ¥ 38,944  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss),
pre-tax,
at March 31, 2025 and 2026 consisted of:
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
Japanese plans
    
Overseas plans
 
    
2025
    
2026
    
2025
   
2026
 
Net prior service credit
   ¥ 666      ¥   601      ¥ (502   ¥  (838 )
 
Net actuarial gain (loss)
      5,750        25,940          12,865        17,953  
Net transition obligation
     0        0        8       9  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss,
pre-tax
   ¥ 6,416      ¥ 26,541      ¥ 12,371     ¥ 17,124  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
The accumulated benefit obligations for all Japanese defined benefit pension plans were ¥85,077 million and ¥79,977 million, respectively, at March 31, 2025 and 2026. The accumulated benefit obligations for all overseas defined benefit pension plans were ¥117,478 million and ¥128,408 million, respectively, at March 31, 2025 and 2026.
The accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at March 31, 2025 and 2026 are as follows:
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
Japanese plans
 
  
Overseas plans
 
 
  
2025
 
  
2026
 
  
2025
 
 
2026
 
Accumulated benefit obligations
   ¥  14,525      ¥   14,163      ¥    2,075      ¥   2,260  
Fair value of plan assets
     0        0        389       366  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
The projected benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at March 31, 2025 and 2026 are as follows:
 
 
  
Millions of yen
 
 
  
Japanese plans
 
  
Overseas plans
 
 
  
2025
 
  
2026
 
  
2025
 
 
2026
 
Projected benefit obligations
   ¥  15,203      ¥   14,572      ¥    3,844      ¥   2,308  
Fair value of plan assets
     0        0        2,110       366  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Net pension cost of the plans for fiscal 2024, 2025 and 2026 consists of the following:
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
2024
   
2025
   
2026
 
Japanese plans:
      
Service cost
   ¥ 5,542     ¥ 5,078     ¥ 4,473  
Interest cost
     1,216       1,421       1,943  
Expected return on plan assets
     (2,702     (2,766     (2,734 )
 
Amortization of prior service credit
     (84     (72     (65 )
Amortization of net actuarial loss
     59       (93     (139 )
Plan amendments
     0       0       0  
Settlements
     0       (1,347     1  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic pension cost
   ¥  4,031     ¥   2,221     ¥ 3,479  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Overseas plans:
      
Service cost
   ¥ 2,999     ¥ 3,268     ¥ 2,890  
Interest cost
     3,395       4,091       4,786  
Expected return on plan assets
     (6,362     (6,996     (7,489 )
Amortization of prior service credit
     (354     (322     (270 )
Amortization of net actuarial loss
     11       9       5  
Amortization of transition obligation
     1       1       0  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic pension cost
   ¥ (310   ¥ 51     ¥ (78 )
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Note:   Net periodic pension cost is charged in personnel expenses, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for fiscal 2024, 2025 and 2026 are summarized as follows:
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
2024
   
2025
   
2026
 
Japanese plans:
      
Current year actuarial gain (loss)
   ¥ 12,990     ¥ 5,125     ¥ 20,329  
Amortization of net actuarial loss
     59       (93     (139 )
 
Prior service credit due to amendments
     0       (278     0  
Amortization of prior service credit
     (84     (72     (65 )
Settlements
     0       (148     0  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total recognized in other comprehensive income,
pre-tax
   ¥ 12,965     ¥ 4,534     ¥ 20,125  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Overseas plans:
      
Current year actuarial gain (loss)
   ¥ 5,728     ¥ 3,226     ¥ 3,141  
Amortization of net actuarial loss
     11       9       5  
Prior service credit due to amendments
     (145     (179     (5 )
Amortization of prior service credit
     (354     (322     (270 )
Amortization of transition obligation
     1       1       0  
Foreign currency exchange rate change
     641       (78     1,882  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total recognized in other comprehensive income (loss),
pre-tax
   ¥ 5,882     ¥  2,657     ¥ 4,753  
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Significant assumptions of Japanese pension plans and overseas pension plans used to determine these amounts are as follows:
 
Japanese plans
 
2024
 
 
2025
 
 
2026
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at March 31:
 
 
 
Discount rate
    1.4     2.1     2.8
Rate of increase in compensation levels
    4.3     3.4     3.1
Interest crediting rate for cash balance plans
    1.5     1.5     1.5
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost for years ended March 31:
     
Discount rate
    1.1     1.4     2.1
Rate of increase in compensation levels
    4.3     4.3     3.4
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    2.0     2.0     1.9
Interest crediting rate for cash balance plans
    1.5     1.5     1.5
Overseas plans
 
2024
   
2025
   
2026
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at March 31:
     
Discount rate
    3.3     3.8     4.3
Rate of increase in compensation levels
    2.3     2.3     2.3
Interest crediting rate for cash balance plans
    —        —         —   
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost for years ended March 31:
     
Discount rate
    3.3     3.3     3.8
Rate of increase in compensation levels
    2.3     2.3     2.3
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    4.6     4.7     4.7
Interest crediting rate for cash balance plans
    —        —         —   
The Company and certain subsidiaries determine the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets annually based on the composition of the pension asset portfolios and the expected long-term rate of return on these portfolios. The expected long-term rate of return is designed to approximate the long-term rate of return actually earned on the plans’ assets over time to ensure that funds are available to meet the pension obligations that result from the services provided by employees. The Company and certain subsidiaries use a number of factors to determine the expected rate of return, including actual historical returns on the asset classes of the plans’ portfolios and independent projections of returns of the various asset classes.
The Company and certain subsidiaries’ investment policies are designed to ensure adequate plan assets are available to provide future payments of pension benefits to eligible participants. The Company and certain subsidiaries formulate a policy portfolio appropriate to produce the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and to ensure that plan assets are allocated under this policy portfolio. The Company and certain subsidiaries periodically have an external consulting firm monitor the results of actual return and revise the policy portfolio if necessary.
 
 
The fair value of Japanese pension plan assets at March 31, 202
5
 and 2026, by asset category, are as follows. The three levels of input used to measure fair value are described in Note 2 “Fair Value Measurements.”
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
March 31, 2025
 
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
    
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical

Assets

(Level 1)
    
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
    
Significant
Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
 
Equity securities:
           
Japan
           
Pooled funds*1
   ¥ 15,268      ¥ 0      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
Other than Japan
           
Pooled funds*2
     19,447        0        0        0  
Debt securities:
           
Japan
           
Pooled funds*3
     28,787        0        0        0  
Other than Japan
           
Pooled funds*4
     32,738        0        0        0  
Other assets:
           
Life insurance company general accounts*5
     29,136        0        29,136        0  
Others*6
     12,336        0        12,336        0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
   ¥ 137,712      ¥       0      ¥  41,472      ¥       0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
*1
These funds invest in listed shares including shares of ORIX Corporation in the amounts of ¥30 million at March 31, 2025.
*2
These funds invest in listed shares.
*3
These funds invest approximately 70% in Japanese government bonds, and approximately 30% in Japanese corporate bonds. These funds include corporate bonds of ORIX Corporation in the amounts of ¥7 million at March 31, 2025.
*4
These funds invest approximately 100% in foreign government bonds.
*5
Life insurance company general accounts are accounts with guaranteed capital and minimum interest rate, in which life insurance companies manage funds on several contracts.
*6
Others include derivative instruments held for hedging change in the fair value of equity securities, and short-term instruments.
 
 
At March 31, 2025, our policy for the portfolio of plans consists of three major components: approximately 30% is invested in equity securities, approximately 40% is invested in debt securities and approximately 30% is invested in other assets, primarily consisting of investments in life insurance company general accounts.
Level 2 assets are comprised principally of investments in life insurance company general accounts. Investments in life insurance company general accounts are valued at conversion value. Pooled funds are valued at the net asset value per share at the measurement date and they have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
March 31, 2026
 
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
    
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical

Assets

(Level 1)
    
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
    
Significant
Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
 
Equity securities:
           
Japan
           
Pooled funds*1
   ¥ 19,029      ¥ 0      ¥ 0      ¥  0  
Other than Japan
           
Pooled funds*2
     21,666        0        0        0  
Debt securities:
           
Japan
           
Pooled funds*3
     28,365        0        0        0  
Other than Japan
           
Pooled funds*4
     25,531        0        0        0  
Other assets:
           
Life insurance company general accounts*5
     27,989        0        27,989        0  
Others*6
     29,523        0        29,523        0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
   ¥       152,103      ¥       0      ¥        57,512      ¥       0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
*1
These funds invest in listed shares including shares of ORIX Corporation in the amounts of ¥42 million at March 31, 2026.
*2
These funds invest in listed shares.
*3
These funds invest approximately 70% in Japanese government bonds, and approximately 30% in Japanese corporate bonds. These funds include corporate bonds of ORIX Corporation in the amounts of ¥6 million at March 31, 2026.
*4
These funds invest approximately 100% in foreign government bonds.
*5
Life insurance company general accounts are accounts with guaranteed capital and minimum interest rate, in which life insurance companies manage funds on several contracts.
*6
Others include
derivative
instruments held for hedging change in the fair value of equity securities, and short-term instruments.
 
 
At March 31, 2026, our policy for the portfolio of plans consists of three major components: approximately 30% is invested in equity securities, approximately 40% is invested in debt securities and approximately 30% is invested in other assets, primarily consisting of investments in life insurance company general accounts.
 
Level 2 assets are comprised principally of investments in life insurance company general accounts. Investments in life insurance company general accounts are valued at conversion value. Pooled funds are valued at the net asset value per share at the measurement date and they have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of overseas pension plan assets at March 31, 2025 and 2026, by asset category, are as follows. The three levels of input
used
to measure fair value are described in Note 2 “Fair Value Measurements.”
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
March 31, 2025
 
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
    
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical

Assets

(Level 1)
    
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
    
Significant
Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
 
Equity securities:
           
Other than Japan
           
Shares
   ¥ 54,119      ¥ 54,119      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
Pooled funds*1
     722        0        0        0  
Debt securities:
           
Other than Japan
           
Government bonds
     85,685        85,685        0        0  
Municipal bonds
     4,094        0        4,094        0  
Other assets:
           
Life insurance company general accounts*2
     455        0        455        0  
Others*3
     6,744        0        6,744        0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
   ¥ 151,819      ¥ 139,804      ¥  11,293      ¥       0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
*1
These funds invest in listed shares.
*2
Life insurance company general accounts are accounts with guaranteed capital and minimum interest rate, in which life insurance companies manage funds on several contracts.
*3
Others include derivative instruments held for hedging change in the fair value of equity securities, and short-term instruments.
 
 
At March 31, 2025, our policy for the portfolio of plans consists of two major components: approximately 40% is invested in equity securities and approximately 60% is invested in debt securities.
Each level into which assets are categorized is based on inputs used to measure the fair value of the assets. Level 1 assets are comprised principally of equity securities and debt securities, which are valued using unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions. Level 2 assets are comprised principally of debt securities and investments in life insurance company general accounts. Investments in life insurance company general accounts are valued at conversion value. Pooled funds are valued at the net asset value per share at the measurement date and they have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
 
    
Millions of yen
 
    
March 31, 2026
 
    
Total

Carrying

Value in

Consolidated

Balance Sheets
    
Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical

Assets

(Level 1)
    
Significant

Other

Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)
    
Significant
Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)
 
Equity securities:
           
Other than Japan
           
Shares
   ¥ 70,171      ¥ 70,171      ¥ 0      ¥ 0  
Pooled funds*1
     712        0        0        0  
Debt securities:
           
Other than Japan
           
Government bonds
     91,849        91,849        0        0  
Municipal bonds
     4,403        0        4,403        0  
Other assets:
           
Life insurance company general accounts*2
     444        0        444        0  
Others*3
     5,489        0        5,489        0  
   ¥       173,068      ¥  162,020      ¥ 10,336      ¥       0  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
*1
These funds invest in listed shares.
*2
Life insurance company general accounts are accounts with guaranteed capital and minimum interest rate, in which life insurance companies manage funds on several contracts.
*3
Others include derivative instruments held for hedging change in the fair value of equity securities, and short-term instruments.
At March 31, 2026, our policy for the portfolio of plans consists of two major components: approximately 40% is invested in equity securities and approximately 60% is invested in debt securities.
Each level into which assets are categorized is based on inputs used to measure the fair value of the assets. Level 1 assets are comprised principally of equity securities and debt securities, which are valued using unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets with sufficient volume and frequency of transactions. Level 2 assets are comprised principally of debt securities and investments in life insurance company general accounts. Investments in life insurance company general accounts are valued at conversion value. Pooled funds are valued at the net asset value per share at the measurement date and they have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

 
The Company and certain subsidiaries expect to contribute ¥
3,965
 million to its Japanese pension plans and ¥
2,788
 million to its overseas pension plans during the year ending March 31, 2027.

At March 31, 2026, the benefits expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years, and in the aggregate for the five years thereafter are as follows:
 
    
Millions of yen
 
Years ending March 31,
  
Japanese plans
    
Overseas plans
 
2027
   ¥ 6,051      ¥ 4,195  
2028
     5,453        4,386  
2029
     6,141        4,320  
2030
     6,198        4,482  
2031
     6,158        4,711  
2032-2036
     32,528        26,958  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total
   ¥ 62,529      ¥ 49,052  
  
 
 
    
 
 
 
The cost recognized for Japanese defined contribution pension plans of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries for fiscal 2024, 2025 and 20
2
6 were ¥2,146 million, ¥2,118 million and ¥
2,189
 million, respectively. The cost recognized for overseas defined contribution pension plans of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries for fiscal 2024, 2025 and 2026 were ¥4,219 million, ¥5,046 million and ¥
5,738
 million, respectively.