Risk Table - BNY Mellon Global Fixed Income ETF
|
Risk [Text Block] |
| Principal Risks |
An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit. It is not insured or guaranteed
by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other government agency. It is not a complete
investment program. The fund's share price fluctuates, sometimes dramatically, which means you could
lose money.
|
| Risk Lose Money [Member] |
The fund's share price fluctuates, sometimes dramatically, which means you could
lose money.
|
| Risk Not Insured [Member] |
An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit. It is not insured or guaranteed
by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other government agency.
|
| · Fixed-income market risk |
· Fixed-income
market risk: The market value of a fixed-income security may decline due
to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real
or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest
or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. The fixed-income securities market can be
susceptible to increases in volatility and decreases in liquidity. Liquidity can decline unpredictably
in response to overall economic conditions or credit tightening. Increases in volatility and decreases
in liquidity may be caused by a rise in interest rates (or the expectation of a rise in interest rates).
Federal Reserve policy in response to market conditions, including with respect to interest rates, may
adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend and interest paying securities. Policy
and legislative changes worldwide are affecting many aspects of financial regulation. The impact of
these changes on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully
known for some time.
|
| · Interest rate risk |
· Interest rate risk: Prices
of bonds and other fixed rate fixed-income securities tend to move inversely with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in rates will adversely affect fixed-income securities and, accordingly, will
cause the value of the fund's investments in these securities to decline. A wide variety of market factors
can cause interest rates to rise, including central bank monetary policy, rising inflation and changes
in general economic conditions. It is difficult to predict the pace at which central banks or monetary
authorities may increase (or decrease) interest rates or the timing, frequency, or magnitude of such
changes. During periods of very low interest rates, which occur from time to time due to market forces
or actions of governments and/or their central banks, including the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System in the U.S., the fund may be subject to a greater risk of principal decline from rising
interest rates. When interest rates fall, the values of already-issued fixed rate fixed-income securities
generally rise. However, when interest rates fall, the fund's investments in new securities may be at
lower yields and may reduce the fund's income. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects
on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from fund performance. The magnitude
of these fluctuations in the market price of fixed-income securities is generally greater for securities
with longer effective maturities and durations because such instruments do not mature, reset interest
rates or become callable for longer periods of time. Unlike investment grade bonds, however, the prices
of high yield ("junk") bonds may fluctuate unpredictably and not necessarily inversely with changes in
interest rates.
|
| · Credit risk |
· Credit
risk: Failure of an issuer of a security to make timely interest or principal payments
when due, or a decline or perception of a decline in the credit quality of the security, can cause the
security's price to fall, lowering the value of the fund's investment in such security. The lower a
security's credit rating, the greater the chance that the issuer of the security will default or fail
to meet its payment obligations.
|
| · High yield securities risk |
· High yield securities risk: High
yield ("junk") securities involve greater credit risk, including the risk of default, than investment
grade securities, and are considered predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's ability to
make principal and interest payments. The prices of high yield securities can fall in response to adverse
changes in general economic conditions, to changes in the financial condition of the securities' issuers,
and to changes in interest rates to a greater extent than those of higher rated securities.
|
| · Government securities risk |
· Government
securities risk: Not all obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies
and instrumentalities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Some obligations
are backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality, and in some cases there may be
some risk of default by the issuer. Any guarantee by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities
of a security held by the fund does not apply to the market value of such security or to shares of the
fund itself. A security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States
is guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity.
|
| · Mortgage-backed securities risk |
· Mortgage-backed
securities risk: Mortgage-backed securities represent a participation in,
or are secured by, mortgage loans. Certain of the mortgage-backed securities in which the fund may
invest are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and there can be no assurance
that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities where it
was not obligated to do so. Mortgage-backed securities tend to increase in value less than other debt
securities when interest rates decline, but are subject to similar or greater risk of decline in market
value during periods of rising interest rates. Because of prepayment and extension risk, mortgage-backed
securities react differently to changes in interest rates than other bonds. Small movements in interest
rates may quickly and significantly affect the value of certain mortgage-backed securities. Transactions
in mortgage-backed pass-through securities often occur through TBA transactions. Default by or bankruptcy
of a counterparty to a TBA transaction could expose the fund to possible losses because of an adverse
market action, expenses, or delays in connection with the purchase or sale of the pools of mortgage-backed
pass-through securities specified in the TBA transaction.
|
| · Asset-backed securities risk |
· Asset-backed
securities risk: Asset-backed
securities are
typically structured
like mortgage-backed
securities, but instead
of mortgage
loans or interests
in mortgage
loans, the underlying
assets may include,
for example, items
such as motor
vehicle installment
sales or installment
loan contracts, leases
on various
types of real
and personal property,
and receivables
from credit
card agreements.
General downturns
in the economy could
cause the value
of asset-backed
securities to fall. In
addition, asset-backed
securities present
certain risks
that are
not presented
by mortgage-backed
securities. Primarily,
these securities may
provide
the fund with a
less effective
security interest
in the related
collateral than do
mortgage-backed
securities. Therefore,
there is
the possibility
that recoveries
on the underlying
collateral may not,
in some cases,
be available
to support
payments on these
securities.
|
| · Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar investments risk |
· Eurodollar and Yankee Dollar investments risk:
Eurodollar investments are U.S. dollar-denominated instruments issued by foreign corporate and government
issuers and are generally held in banks outside the United States, primarily in Europe. Yankee Dollar
investments are U.S. dollar-denominated instruments typically issued in the United States by foreign
governments and their agencies and foreign banks and corporations. These investments involve risks
similar to the risks of investing in foreign securities, including potential unfavorable political and
economic developments, foreign withholding or other taxes, seizure of foreign deposits, currency controls,
interest limitations or other governmental restrictions which might affect payment of principal or interest.
|
| · Prepayment and extension risk |
· Prepayment
and extension risk:
When interest
rates fall, the
principal on mortgage-backed
and certain
asset-backed securities
may be prepaid.
The loss of
higher yielding underlying
mortgages and
the reinvestment
of proceeds
at lower
interest rates
can reduce
the fund’s
potential price gain
in response to
falling interest
rates, reduce
the fund's
yield, or cause
the fund's
share price
to fall. When
interest rates
rise, the effective
duration of the fund’s
mortgage- backed
and other asset-backed
securities may lengthen
due to a
drop in
prepayments of
the underlying mortgages
or other assets.
This is known
as extension risk
and would increase
the fund’s
sensitivity to rising
interest rates
and its potential
for price declines.
|
| · Call risk |
· Call
risk: Some securities give the issuer the option to prepay or call the securities
before their maturity date, which may reduce the market value of the security and the anticipated yield-to-maturity.
Issuers often exercise this right when interest rates fall. If an issuer "calls" its securities during
a time of declining interest rates, the fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering
a lower yield, and therefore might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest
rates. During periods of market illiquidity or rising interest rates, prices of "callable" issues are
subject to increased price fluctuation.
|
| · Foreign investment risk |
· Foreign investment risk: To
the extent the fund invests in foreign securities, the fund's performance will be influenced by political,
social and economic factors affecting investments in foreign issuers. Special risks associated with
investments in foreign issuers include exposure to currency
fluctuations, less liquidity, less developed or less efficient trading markets, lack of comprehensive
company information, political and economic instability and differing auditing and legal standards.
The imposition of sanctions, confiscations, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government
restrictions by the United States and other governments, or problems related to share registration, trade
settlement, or asset custody, may result in losses for the fund. To the extent securities held by the
fund trade in a market that is closed when the exchange on which the fund's shares trade is open, there
may be deviations between the current price of a security and the last quoted price for the security
in the closed foreign market. These deviations could result in the fund experiencing premiums or discounts
greater than those of ETFs that invest in domestic securities.
|
| · Foreign government obligations, debt obligations of supranational entities and sovereign debt obligations risk |
· Foreign government obligations, debt obligations
of supranational entities and sovereign debt obligations risk: Investing
in foreign government obligations, debt obligations of supranational entities and the sovereign debt
of foreign countries creates exposure to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or
economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located. A governmental
obligor may default on its obligations.
|
| · Foreign currency risk |
· Foreign currency risk: Investments
in foreign currencies are subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to
the U.S. dollar or, in the case of hedged positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline relative to the
currency being hedged. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time.
Foreign currencies are also subject to risks caused by inflation, interest rates, budget deficits and
low savings rates, political factors and government intervention and controls.
|
| · Emerging market risk |
· Emerging
market risk: The securities of issuers located or doing substantial business
in emerging market countries tend to be more volatile and less liquid than the securities of issuers
located in countries with more mature economies. There may be less information publicly available about
an emerging market issuer than about a developed market issuer and/or the available information may be
outdated or unreliable. In addition, emerging market issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing,
legal and financial reporting standards comparable to those in developed markets, potentially making
it difficult to evaluate such issuers. Emerging markets generally have less diverse and less mature
economic structures and less stable political systems than those of developed countries. Additionally,
investments in these countries may have restrictions that make it difficult or impossible for the fund
to exercise rights, pursue legal remedies, and obtain judgements in foreign courts. Investments in these
countries may be subject to political, economic, legal, market and currency risks. The risks may include
less protection of property rights and uncertain political and economic policies, greater vulnerability
to market manipulation, the imposition of capital controls and/or foreign investment limitations by a
country, nationalization of businesses and the imposition of sanctions by other countries, such as the
United States.
|
| · Liquidity risk |
· Liquidity risk: When
there is little or no active trading market for specific types of securities, it can become more difficult
to sell the securities in a timely manner at or near their perceived value. In such a market, the value
of such securities and the fund's share price may fall dramatically. Investments that are illiquid or
that trade in lower volumes may be more difficult to value. Investments in foreign securities, particularly
those of issuers located in emerging markets, tend to have greater exposure to liquidity risk than domestic
securities. The market for below investment grade securities may be less liquid and therefore these
securities may be harder to value or sell at an acceptable price, especially during times of market volatility
or decline. Liquidity can also decline unpredictably in response to overall economic conditions or credit
tightening. In addition, in stressed market conditions the market for the fund's shares may become less
liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity with respect to the fund's portfolio securities, which
could lead to differences between the market price of the fund's shares and the net asset value of the
fund's shares.
|
| · Issuer risk |
· Issuer risk: A security's
market value may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management
performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's products or services, or factors
that affect the issuer's industry, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive
conditions within an industry.
|
| · Market risk |
· Market risk: The
value of the securities in which the fund invests may be affected by political, regulatory, economic
and social developments, and developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments
of the market. In addition, turbulence in financial markets and reduced liquidity in equity, credit
and/or fixed-income markets may negatively affect many issuers, which could adversely affect the fund.
Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, and conditions and
events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country,
region or financial market. These risks may be magnified if certain events or developments adversely
interrupt the global supply chain; in these and other circumstances, such risks might affect companies
world-wide. Local, regional or global events such as war, military conflicts, acts of terrorism, natural
disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have
a significant impact on the fund and its investments. To the extent the fund may overweight its investments
in certain countries, companies, industries or sectors, such positions will increase the fund's exposure
to risk of loss from adverse developments affecting those countries, companies, industries or sectors.
|
| · Structured notes risk |
· Structured
notes risk: Structured notes, a type of derivative instrument, can be
volatile, and the possibility of default by the financial institution or counterparty may be greater
for these instruments than for other types of derivative instruments. Structured notes typically are
purchased in privately negotiated transactions from financial institutions and, thus, an active trading
market for such instruments may not exist.
|
| · Derivatives risk |
· Derivatives risk: A
small investment
in derivatives
could have
a potentially
large impact on
the fund's
performance. The use
of derivatives
involves
risks different
from, or
possibly greater
than, the risks
associated with investing
directly in the
underlying assets, and
the fund's
use of derivatives
may result
in losses to
the fund. Derivatives
in which the fund may
invest can
be highly volatile,
illiquid and difficult
to value,
and there
is the risk
that changes in
the value of a
derivative
held by
the fund will
not correlate
with the underlying
assets or the
fund's other
investments in
the manner intended. Certain
derivatives
have the
potential for unlimited
loss, regardless
of the size
of the initial
investment, and
involve
greater risks
than the underlying
assets because, in
addition to general
market risks,
they are
subject to liquidity risk
(lack of a liquid
secondary market),
credit and
counterparty risk
(failure of
the counterparty
to the derivatives
transaction to honor
its obligation) and
pricing risk (risk that
the derivative
cannot or will
not be accurately
valued).
|
| · Futures risk |
· Futures
risk: The value
of a futures
contract tends to
increase and
decrease in
correlation with
the value
of the underlying
instrument. Risks
of futures
contracts may arise
from an
imperfect correlation
between movements
in the price of
the futures
and the price
of the underlying
instrument. The
fund's
use of futures
contracts exposes the
fund to leverage
risk because of
the small margin
requirements
relative
to the value
of the futures
contract. A relatively
small market
movement
will have
a proportionately
larger impact on
the funds that
the fund has deposited
or will have
to deposit with
a broker
to maintain its
futures position.
While futures
contracts are
generally liquid instruments,
under certain
market conditions
they may become
illiquid. Futures
exchanges may
impose daily or
intraday price change
limits and/or
limit the volume
of trading. Additionally,
government regulation
may further
reduce liquidity
through similar
trading restrictions.
As a
result, the
fund may be
unable to close
out its futures
contracts at a
time that is
advantageous. The
price of futures
can be highly
volatile; using
them could lower
total return,
and the potential
loss from
futures could exceed
the fund's
initial investment
in such contracts.
|
| · Options risk |
· Options
risk: The fund's successful use of options depends on the ability of the sub-adviser
to forecast market movements correctly. When the fund purchases an option, it runs the risk that it
will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the fund exercises
the option or enters into a closing sale transaction before the option's expiration. If the price of
the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent
sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, the fund will lose part or all of its investment
in the option. The effective use of options also depends on the fund's ability to terminate option positions
at times when the sub-adviser deems it desirable to do so. There is no assurance that the fund will
be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price. The sale of
options by the fund may create investment leverage.
|
| · Swap risk |
· Swap risk:
A swap is a contract that generally obligates the parties to exchange payments
based on a specified security, basket of securities, or securities indices during a specified period.
Swaps can involve greater risks than direct investment in securities because swaps may be leveraged
and are subject to counterparty risk (e.g., the risk of a counterparty's defaulting on the obligation
or bankruptcy), credit risk and pricing risk (i.e., swaps may be difficult to value). It may not be
possible for the fund to liquidate a swap position at an advantageous time or price, which may result
in significant losses.
|
| · Currency forward risk |
· Currency
forward
risk: Currency
forward
contracts are
derivative
instruments pursuant
to a contract
with a counterparty
to buy or
sell a specific
currency at
a future
date at a
price set at
the time of
the contract. Not
all forward
contracts require
a counterparty
to post collateral,
which may expose
the fund to greater
losses in the event
of a default
by a counterparty.
Foreign
currency forward
transactions include risks
associated with fluctuations
in foreign
currency.
|
| · Floating rate loan risk |
· Floating
rate loan risk: Unlike publicly traded common stocks which trade on national
exchanges, there is no central market or exchange for loans to trade. Loans trade in an over-the-counter
market, and confirmation and settlement, which are effected through standardized procedures and documentation,
may take significantly longer than seven days to complete. The lack of an active trading market for
certain floating rate loans may impair the ability of the fund to realize full value in the event of
the need to sell a floating rate loan and may make it difficult to value such loans. There may be less
readily available, reliable information about certain floating rate loans than is the case for many other
types of securities, and the fund's portfolio managers may be required to rely primarily on their own
evaluation of a borrower's credit quality rather than on any available independent sources. The value
of collateral, if any, securing a floating rate loan can decline, and may be insufficient to meet the
issuer's obligations in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal or may be difficult
to readily liquidate. The floating rate loans in which the fund may invest typically will be below investment
grade quality and, like other below investment grade securities, are inherently speculative. As a result,
the risks associated with such floating rate loans are similar to the risks of below investment grade
securities, although senior loans are typically senior and secured in contrast to other below investment
grade securities, which are often subordinated and unsecured.
|
| · Management risk |
· Management
risk: The investment process and techniques used by the fund's sub-adviser could fail
to achieve the fund's investment goal and may cause your fund investment to lose value or may cause the
fund to underperform other funds with similar investment goals.
|
| · Cash transaction risk |
· Cash
transaction risk: Most ETFs generally make in-kind redemptions to avoid being
taxed at the fund level on gains on the distributed portfolio securities. However, unlike most ETFs,
the fund currently intends to effect redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind, because of the nature
of the fund's investments. As such, the fund may be required to sell portfolio securities to obtain
the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds, which includes cash transaction
costs. Therefore, the fund may recognize a capital gain on these sales that
might not have been incurred if the fund had made a redemption in-kind. This may decrease the tax efficiency
of the fund compared to ETFs that utilize an in-kind redemption process, and there may be a substantial
difference in the after-tax rate of return between the fund and conventional ETFs.
|
| · Authorized participants, market makers and liquidity providers risk |
· Authorized
participants, market makers and liquidity providers risk: The fund has a limited
number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants, which are responsible for the
creation and redemption activity for the fund. In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur,
fund shares may trade at a material discount to net asset value and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized
Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable or unwilling to process creation and/or redemption
orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers
and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no
other entities step forward to perform their functions.
|
| · Fluctuation of net asset value, share premiums and discounts risk |
· Fluctuation of net asset value, share premiums
and discounts risk: As with all exchange-traded funds, fund shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The trading prices of fund shares in the secondary
market may differ from the fund's daily net asset value per share and there may be times when the market
price of the shares is more than the net asset value per share (premium) or less than the net asset value
per share (discount). This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market
declines.
|
| · Trading issues risk |
· Trading issues risk: Although
fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and may be listed or traded on other U.S. and non-U.S.
stock exchanges as well, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such fund shares
will develop or be maintained. Trading in fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the listing exchange, make trading in fund shares inadvisable. In addition,
trading in fund shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility
pursuant to exchange "circuit breaker" rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the
listing exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged or that fund shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange.
|
| · Portfolio turnover risk |
· Portfolio
turnover risk: The fund may engage in short-term trading which could produce
higher transaction costs and taxable distributions, and lower the fund's after-tax performance.
|
| · New fund risk |
· New
fund risk: The fund is newly organized with limited operating history
and there can be no assurance that the fund will grow to or maintain sufficient assets to achieve investment
and trading efficiencies.
|
|
Risk Table - BNY Mellon Multi-Sector Income ETF
|
Risk [Text Block] |
| Principal Risks |
An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit. It is not insured or guaranteed
by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other government agency. It is not a complete
investment program. The fund's share price fluctuates, sometimes dramatically, which means you could
lose money.
|
| Risk Lose Money [Member] |
The fund's share price fluctuates, sometimes dramatically, which means you could
lose money.
|
| Risk Not Insured [Member] |
An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit. It is not insured or guaranteed
by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or any other government agency.
|
| · Fixed-income market risk |
· Fixed-income
market risk: The market value of a fixed-income security may decline due
to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real
or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest
or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. The fixed-income securities market can be
susceptible to increases in volatility and decreases in liquidity. Liquidity can decline unpredictably
in response to overall economic conditions or credit tightening. Increases in volatility and decreases
in liquidity may be caused by a rise in interest rates (or the expectation of a rise in interest rates).
Federal Reserve policy in response to market conditions, including with respect to interest rates, may
adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend and interest paying securities. Policy
and legislative changes worldwide are affecting many aspects of financial regulation. The impact of
these changes on the markets and the practical implications for market participants may not be fully
known for some time.
|
| · Interest rate risk |
· Interest rate risk: Prices
of bonds and other fixed rate fixed-income securities tend to move inversely with changes in interest
rates. Typically, a rise in rates will adversely affect fixed-income securities and, accordingly, will
cause the value of the fund's investments in these securities to decline. A wide variety of market factors
can cause interest rates to rise, including central bank monetary policy, rising inflation and changes
in general economic conditions. It is difficult to predict the pace at which central banks or monetary
authorities may increase (or decrease) interest rates or the timing, frequency, or magnitude of such
changes. During periods of very low interest rates, which occur from time to time due to market forces
or actions of governments and/or their central banks, including the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System in the U.S., the fund may be subject to a greater risk of principal decline from rising interest rates. When interest rates fall, the
values of already-issued fixed rate fixed-income securities generally rise. However, when interest rates
fall, the fund's investments in new securities may be at lower yields and may reduce the fund's income.
Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility
and may detract from fund performance. The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of fixed-income
securities is generally greater for securities with longer effective maturities and durations because
such instruments do not mature, reset interest rates or become callable for longer periods of time.
Unlike investment grade bonds, however, the prices of high yield ("junk") bonds may fluctuate unpredictably
and not necessarily inversely with changes in interest rates.
|
| · Credit risk |
· Credit risk: Failure
of an issuer of a security to make timely interest or principal payments when due, or a decline or perception
of a decline in the credit quality of the security, can cause the security's price to fall, lowering
the value of the fund's investment in such security. The lower a security's credit rating, the greater
the chance that the issuer of the security will default or fail to meet its payment obligations.
|
| · High yield securities risk |
· High
yield securities risk: High yield ("junk") securities
involve greater credit risk, including the risk of default, than investment grade securities, and are
considered predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's ability to make principal and interest
payments. The prices of high yield securities can fall in response to adverse changes in general economic
conditions, to changes in the financial condition of the securities' issuers, and to changes in interest
rates to a greater extent than those of higher rated securities.
|
| · Government securities risk |
· Government
securities risk: Not all obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies
and instrumentalities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Some obligations
are backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality, and in some cases there may be
some risk of default by the issuer. Any guarantee by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities
of a security held by the fund does not apply to the market value of such security or to shares of the
fund itself. A security backed by the U.S. Treasury or the full faith and credit of the United States
is guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity.
|
| · Mortgage-backed securities risk |
· Mortgage-backed
securities risk: Mortgage-backed securities represent a participation in,
or are secured by, mortgage loans. Certain of the mortgage-backed securities in which the fund may invest
are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and there can be no assurance that
the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities where it is
not obligated to do so. Mortgage-backed securities tend to increase in value less than other debt securities
when interest rates decline, but are subject to similar or greater risk of decline in market value during
periods of rising interest rates. Because of prepayment and extension risk, mortgage-backed securities
react differently to changes in interest rates than other bonds. Small movements in interest rates may
quickly and significantly affect the value of certain mortgage-backed securities. Transactions in mortgage-backed
pass-through securities often occur through TBA transactions. Default by or bankruptcy of a counterparty
to a TBA transaction could expose the fund to possible losses because of an adverse market action, expenses,
or delays in connection with the purchase or sale of the pools of mortgage-backed pass-through securities
specified in the TBA transaction.
|
| · Asset-backed securities risk |
· Asset-backed securities risk: Asset-backed
securities are
typically structured
like mortgage-backed
securities, but instead
of mortgage
loans or interests
in mortgage
loans, the underlying
assets may include,
for example, items
such as motor
vehicle installment
sales or installment
loan contracts, leases
on various
types of real
and personal property,
and receivables
from credit
card agreements.
General downturns
in the economy could
cause the value
of asset-backed
securities to fall. In
addition, asset-backed
securities present
certain risks
that are
not presented
by mortgage-backed
securities. Primarily,
these securities may
provide
the fund with a
less effective
security interest
in the related
collateral than do
mortgage-backed
securities. Therefore,
there is
the possibility
that recoveries
on the underlying
collateral may not,
in some cases,
be available
to support
payments on these
securities.
|
| · Prepayment and extension risk |
· Prepayment and extension
risk: When interest
rates fall, the
principal on mortgage-backed
and certain
asset-backed securities
may be prepaid.
The loss of
higher yielding underlying
mortgages and
the reinvestment
of proceeds
at lower
interest rates
can reduce
the fund’s
potential price gain
in response to
falling interest
rates, reduce
the fund's
yield, or cause
the fund's
share price
to fall. When
interest rates
rise, the effective
duration of the fund’s
mortgage- backed
and other asset-backed
securities may lengthen
due to a
drop in
prepayments of
the underlying mortgages
or other assets.
This is known
as extension risk
and would increase
the fund’s
sensitivity to rising
interest rates
and its potential
for price declines.
|
| · Call risk |
· Call
risk: Some securities give the issuer the option to prepay or call the securities
before their maturity date, which may reduce the market value of the security and the anticipated yield-to-maturity.
Issuers often exercise this right when interest rates fall. If an issuer "calls" its securities during
a time of declining interest rates, the fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering
a lower yield, and therefore might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest
rates. During periods of market illiquidity or rising interest rates, prices of "callable" issues are
subject to increased price fluctuation.
|
| · Foreign investment risk |
· Foreign investment risk: To
the extent the fund invests in foreign securities, the fund's performance will be influenced by political,
social and economic factors affecting investments in foreign issuers. Special risks associated with
investments in foreign issuers include exposure to currency
fluctuations, less liquidity, less developed or less efficient trading markets, lack of comprehensive
company information, political and economic instability and differing auditing and legal standards.
The imposition of sanctions, confiscations, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government
restrictions by the United States and other governments, or problems related to share registration, trade
settlement, or asset custody, may result in losses for the fund. To the extent securities held by the
fund trade in a market that is closed when the exchange on which the fund's shares trade is open, there
may be deviations between the current price of a security and the last quoted price for the security
in the closed foreign market. These deviations could result in the fund experiencing premiums or discounts
greater than those of ETFs that invest in domestic securities.
|
| · Foreign government obligations, debt obligations of supranational entities and sovereign debt obligations risk |
· Foreign government obligations, debt obligations
of supranational entities and sovereign debt obligations risk: Investing
in foreign government obligations, debt obligations of supranational entities and the sovereign debt
of foreign countries creates exposure to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or
economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located. A governmental
obligor may default on its obligations.
|
| · Emerging market risk |
· Emerging market risk: The
securities of issuers located or doing substantial business in emerging market countries tend to be more
volatile and less liquid than the securities of issuers located in countries with more mature economies.
There may be less information publicly available about an emerging market issuer than about a developed
market issuer and/or the available information may be outdated or unreliable. In addition, emerging
market issuers may not be subject to accounting, auditing, legal and financial reporting standards comparable
to those in developed markets, potentially making it difficult to evaluate such issuers. Emerging markets
generally have less diverse and less mature economic structures and less stable political systems than
those of developed countries. Additionally, investments in these countries may have restrictions that
make it difficult or impossible for the fund to exercise rights, pursue legal remedies, and obtain judgements
in foreign courts. Investments in these countries may be subject to political, economic, legal, market
and currency risks. The risks may include less protection of property rights and uncertain political
and economic policies, greater vulnerability to market manipulation, the imposition of capital controls
and/or foreign investment limitations by a country, nationalization of businesses and the imposition
of sanctions by other countries, such as the United States.
|
| · Frontier market risk |
· Frontier market risk: The
risks associated with investments in frontier market countries include all the risks described above
for investments in foreign securities and emerging markets, although the risks are magnified for frontier
market countries. Because frontier markets are among the smallest, least mature and least liquid of
the emerging markets, investments in frontier markets generally are subject to a greater risk of loss
than investments in developed markets or traditional emerging markets. Frontier market countries have
smaller economies, less developed capital markets, greater market volatility, lower trading volume, more
political and economic instability, greater risk of a market shutdown and more governmental limitations
on foreign investments than typically found in more developed markets.
|
| · Liquidity risk |
· Liquidity
risk: When there is little or no active trading market for specific types of securities,
it can become more difficult to sell the securities in a timely manner at or near their perceived value.
In such a market, the value of such securities and the fund's share price may fall dramatically. Investments
that are illiquid or that trade in lower volumes may be more difficult to value. Investments in foreign
securities, particularly those of issuers located in emerging markets, tend to have greater exposure
to liquidity risk than domestic securities. The market for below investment grade securities may be
less liquid and therefore these securities may be harder to value or sell at an acceptable price, especially
during times of market volatility or decline. Liquidity can also decline unpredictably in response to
overall economic conditions or credit tightening. In addition, in stressed market conditions the market
for the fund's shares may become less liquid in response to deteriorating liquidity with respect to the
fund's portfolio securities, which could lead to differences between the market price of the fund's shares
and the net asset value of the fund's shares.
|
| · Issuer risk |
· Issuer risk: A security's
market value may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management
performance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer's products or services, or factors
that affect the issuer's industry, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive
conditions within an industry.
|
| · Market risk |
· Market risk: The
value of the securities in which the fund invests may be affected by political, regulatory, economic
and social developments, and developments that impact specific economic sectors, industries or segments
of the market. In addition, turbulence in financial markets and reduced liquidity in equity, credit
and/or fixed-income markets may negatively affect many issuers, which could adversely affect the fund.
Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, and conditions and
events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country,
region or financial market. These risks may be magnified if certain events or developments adversely
interrupt the global supply chain; in these and other circumstances, such risks might affect companies
world-wide. Local, regional or global events such as war, military conflicts, acts of terrorism, natural
disasters, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have
a significant impact on the fund and its investments. To the extent the fund may overweight its investments
in certain
countries, companies, industries or sectors,
such positions will increase the fund's exposure to risk of loss from adverse developments affecting
those countries, companies, industries or sectors.
|
| · Structured notes risk |
· Structured notes risk: Structured
notes, a type of derivative instrument, can be volatile, and the possibility of default by the financial
institution or counterparty may be greater for these instruments than for other types of derivative instruments.
Structured notes typically are purchased in privately negotiated transactions from financial institutions
and, thus, an active trading market for such instruments may not exist.
|
| · Privately-issued securities risk |
· Privately-issued
securities risk: Privately-issued
securities, including those
that are
normally purchased
pursuant to Rule
144A, Section 4(a)(2) or
Regulation S
promulgated under
the 1933 Act,
are securities
that have
not been registered
under the 1933
Act and
as a result
may be subject
to legal restrictions
on resale.
Privately-issued
securities are
generally not traded
on established markets.
As a result
of the absence
of a public
trading market,
privately issued
securities may be
deemed to be illiquid
investments, may
be more
difficult to value
than publicly traded
securities and may
be subject to
wide fluctuations in
value. Delay
or difficulty in
selling such securities
may result
in a loss to
the fund.
|
| · Derivatives risk |
· Derivatives
risk: A small
investment in derivatives
could have
a potentially
large impact on
the fund's
performance. The use
of derivatives
involves
risks different
from, or
possibly greater
than, the risks
associated with investing
directly in the
underlying assets, and
the fund's
use of derivatives
may result
in losses to
the fund. Derivatives
in which the fund may
invest can
be highly volatile,
illiquid and difficult
to value,
and there
is the risk
that changes in
the value of a
derivative
held by
the fund will
not correlate
with the underlying
assets or the
fund's other
investments in
the manner intended. Certain
derivatives
have the
potential for unlimited
loss, regardless
of the size
of the initial
investment, and
involve
greater risks
than the underlying
assets because, in
addition to general
market risks,
they are
subject to liquidity risk
(lack of a liquid
secondary market),
credit and
counterparty risk
(failure of
the counterparty
to the derivatives
transaction to honor
its obligation) and
pricing risk (risk that
the derivative
cannot or will
not be accurately
valued).
|
| · Futures risk |
· Futures
risk: The value
of a futures
contract tends to
increase and
decrease in
correlation with
the value
of the underlying
instrument. Risks
of futures
contracts may arise
from an
imperfect correlation
between movements
in the price of
the futures
and the price
of the underlying
instrument. The
fund's
use of futures
contracts exposes the
fund to leverage
risk because of
the small margin
requirements
relative
to the value
of the futures
contract. A relatively
small market
movement
will have
a proportionately
larger impact on
the funds that
the fund has deposited
or will have
to deposit with
a broker
to maintain its
futures position.
While futures
contracts are
generally liquid instruments,
under certain
market conditions
they may become
illiquid. Futures
exchanges may
impose daily or
intraday price change
limits and/or
limit the volume
of trading. Additionally,
government regulation
may further
reduce liquidity
through similar
trading restrictions.
As a
result, the
fund may be
unable to close
out its futures
contracts at a
time that is
advantageous. The
price of futures
can be highly
volatile; using
them could lower
total return,
and the potential
loss from
futures could exceed
the fund's
initial investment
in such contracts.
|
| · Options risk |
· Options
risk: The fund's successful use of options depends on the ability of the sub-adviser
to forecast market movements correctly. When the fund purchases an option, it runs the risk that it
will lose its entire investment in the option in a relatively short period of time, unless the fund exercises
the option or enters into a closing sale transaction before the option's expiration. If the price of
the underlying security does not rise (in the case of a call) or fall (in the case of a put) to an extent
sufficient to cover the option premium and transaction costs, the fund will lose part or all of its investment
in the option. The effective use of options also depends on the fund's ability to terminate option positions
at times when the sub-adviser deems it desirable to do so. There is no assurance that the fund will
be able to effect closing transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price. The sale of
options by the fund may create investment leverage.
|
| · Swap risk |
· Swap risk:
A swap is a contract that generally obligates the parties to exchange payments
based on a specified security, basket of securities, or securities indices during a specified period.
Swaps can involve greater risks than direct investment in securities because swaps may be leveraged
and are subject to counterparty risk (e.g., the risk of a counterparty's defaulting on the obligation
or bankruptcy), credit risk and pricing risk (i.e., swaps may be difficult to value). It may not be
possible for the fund to liquidate a swap position at an advantageous time or price, which may result
in significant losses.
|
| · Currency forward risk |
· Currency
forward
risk: Currency
forward
contracts are
derivative
instruments pursuant
to a contract
with a counterparty
to buy or
sell a specific
currency at
a future
date at a
price set at
the time of
the contract. Not
all forward
contracts require
a counterparty
to post collateral,
which may expose
the fund to greater
losses in the event
of a default
by a counterparty.
Foreign
currency forward
transactions include risks
associated with fluctuations
in foreign
currency.
|
| · Cash transaction risk |
· Cash
transaction risk: Most ETFs generally make in-kind redemptions to avoid being
taxed at the fund level on gains on the distributed portfolio securities. However, unlike most ETFs,
the fund currently intends to effect redemptions for cash, rather than in-kind, because of the nature
of the fund's investments. As such, the fund may be required to sell portfolio securities to obtain
the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds, which includes cash transaction
costs. Therefore, the fund may recognize a capital gain on these sales that
might not have been incurred if the fund had made a redemption in-kind. This may decrease the tax
efficiency of the fund compared to ETFs that utilize an in-kind redemption process, and there may be
a substantial difference in the after-tax rate of return between the fund and conventional ETFs.
|
| · Management risk |
· Management
risk: The investment process and techniques used by the fund's sub-adviser could fail
to achieve the fund's investment goal and may cause your fund investment to lose value or may cause the
fund to underperform other funds with similar investment goals.
|
| · Authorized participants, market makers and liquidity providers risk |
· Authorized
participants, market makers and liquidity providers risk: The fund has a limited
number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants, which are responsible for the
creation and redemption activity for the fund. In addition, there may be a limited number of market
makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur,
fund shares may trade at a material discount to net asset value and possibly face delisting: (i) Authorized
Participants exit the business or otherwise become unable or unwilling to process creation and/or redemption
orders and no other Authorized Participants step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers
and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no
other entities step forward to perform their functions.
|
| · Fluctuation of net asset value, share premiums and discounts risk |
· Fluctuation of net asset value, share premiums
and discounts risk: As with all exchange-traded funds, fund shares may be bought
and sold in the secondary market at market prices. The trading prices of fund shares in the secondary
market may differ from the fund's daily net asset value per share and there may be times when the market
price of the shares is more than the net asset value per share (premium) or less than the net asset value
per share (discount). This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market
declines.
|
| · Trading issues risk |
· Trading issues risk: Although
fund shares are listed for trading on an exchange and may be listed or traded on other U.S. and non-U.S.
stock exchanges as well, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such fund shares
will develop or be maintained. Trading in fund shares may be halted due to market conditions or for
reasons that, in the view of the listing exchange, make trading in fund shares inadvisable. In addition,
trading in fund shares on an exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility
pursuant to exchange "circuit breaker" rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the
listing exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the fund will continue to be met or will remain
unchanged or that fund shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange.
|
| · Portfolio turnover risk |
· Portfolio
turnover risk: The fund may engage in short-term trading which could produce
higher transaction costs and taxable distributions, and lower the fund's after-tax performance.
|
| · New fund risk |
· New
fund risk: The fund is newly organized with limited operating history
and there can be no assurance that the fund will grow to or maintain sufficient assets to achieve investment
and trading efficiencies.
|
|