<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:f619395f-e87e-40a1-8e9f-358ab5f49e95,g:0e77fb61-d5d5-432b-b827-5db986c5560c-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:bcpc="http://balchem.com/20260616" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://balchem.com/20260616">
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap-ebp/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/ebp/elts/us-gaap-ebp-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="bcpc-20260616_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="bcpc-20260616_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="bcpc-20260616_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="bcpc-20260616_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType id="Cover" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/Cover">
        <link:definition>0000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StatementsofNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/StatementsofNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits">
        <link:definition>0000002 - Statement - Statements of Net Assets Available for Benefits</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="StatementofChangesinNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/StatementofChangesinNetAssetsAvailableforBenefits">
        <link:definition>0000003 - Statement - Statement of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLAN" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLAN">
        <link:definition>0000004 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF THE PLAN</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SUMMARYOFACCOUNTINGPOLICIES" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/SUMMARYOFACCOUNTINGPOLICIES">
        <link:definition>0000005 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTS" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTS">
        <link:definition>0000006 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="INVESTMENTCONTRACT" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/INVESTMENTCONTRACT">
        <link:definition>0000007 - Disclosure - INVESTMENT CONTRACT</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PARTIESININTEREST" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/PARTIESININTEREST">
        <link:definition>0000008 - Disclosure - PARTIES-IN-INTEREST</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PLANTERMINATION" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/PLANTERMINATION">
        <link:definition>0000009 - Disclosure - PLAN TERMINATION</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="INCOMETAXSTATUS" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/INCOMETAXSTATUS">
        <link:definition>0000010 - Disclosure - INCOME TAX STATUS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SUBSEQUENTEVENTS" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/SUBSEQUENTEVENTS">
        <link:definition>0000011 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ScheduleHLine4iScheduleofAssetsHeldAtEndofYear" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/ScheduleHLine4iScheduleofAssetsHeldAtEndofYear">
        <link:definition>0000012 - Disclosure - Schedule H, Line 4i &#8211; Schedule of Assets (Held At End of Year)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="SUMMARYOFACCOUNTINGPOLICIESPolicies" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/SUMMARYOFACCOUNTINGPOLICIESPolicies">
        <link:definition>0000013 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLANTables" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLANTables">
        <link:definition>0000014 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF THE PLAN (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTSTables" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTSTables">
        <link:definition>0000015 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLANNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLANNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>0000016 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF THE PLAN - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLANVestingTimelineDetails" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/DESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLANVestingTimelineDetails">
        <link:definition>0000017 - Disclosure - DESCRIPTION OF THE PLAN - Vesting Timeline (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTSDetails" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/FAIRVALUEMEASUREMENTSDetails">
        <link:definition>0000018 - Disclosure - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="INVESTMENTCONTRACTDetails" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/INVESTMENTCONTRACTDetails">
        <link:definition>0000019 - Disclosure - INVESTMENT CONTRACT (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="PARTIESININTERESTDetails" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/PARTIESININTERESTDetails">
        <link:definition>0000020 - Disclosure - PARTIES-IN-INTEREST (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ScheduleHLine4iScheduleofAssetsHeldAtEndofYearDetails" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/ScheduleHLine4iScheduleofAssetsHeldAtEndofYearDetails">
        <link:definition>0000021 - Disclosure - Schedule H, Line 4i &#8211; Schedule of Assets (Held At End of Year) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="ScheduleHLine4iScheduleofAssetsHeldAtEndofYearDetails_1" roleURI="http://balchem.com/role/ScheduleHLine4iScheduleofAssetsHeldAtEndofYearDetails_1">
        <link:definition>0000021 - Disclosure - Schedule H, Line 4i &#8211; Schedule of Assets (Held At End of Year) (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBP005Member" abstract="true" name="EBP005Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingTableTextBlock" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionTypeAxis" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionTypeAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionTypeDomain" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionTypeDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerMatchingContributionMember" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerMatchingContributionMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPRequisiteServicePeriod" abstract="false" name="EBPRequisiteServicePeriod" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPRequisiteServiceHours" abstract="false" name="EBPRequisiteServiceHours" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPRequisiteParticipantAge" abstract="false" name="EBPRequisiteParticipantAge" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingPercentage" abstract="false" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantGeneralLoanMaximumBorrowingTerm" abstract="false" name="EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantGeneralLoanMaximumBorrowingTerm" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantAccountPrimaryResidenceMaximumBorrowingTerm" abstract="false" name="EBPNoteReceivableFromParticipantAccountPrimaryResidenceMaximumBorrowingTerm" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:durationItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPParticipantLoanBasisSpreadOnVariableRate" abstract="false" name="EBPParticipantLoanBasisSpreadOnVariableRate" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPInvoluntaryCashOutLimit" abstract="false" name="EBPInvoluntaryCashOutLimit" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPInvoluntaryIndividualRetirementAccountRolloverLimit" abstract="false" name="EBPInvoluntaryIndividualRetirementAccountRolloverLimit" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingPeriodAxis" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingPeriodAxis" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:dimensionItem" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingPeriodDomain" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingPeriodDomain" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingLessThanOneYearMember" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingLessThanOneYearMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingYearOneMember" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingYearOneMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingYearTwoMember" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingYearTwoMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="bcpc_EBPEmployerContributionVestingYearThreeMember" abstract="true" name="EBPEmployerContributionVestingYearThreeMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
