The carrying amount of Sony’s assets and liabilities by measurement method as of March 31, 2025 and 2026 are as follows:

 

Debt instruments and equity instruments

Where quoted prices of financial instruments are available in an active market, these instruments are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 financial instruments include exchange-traded equity instruments. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific financial instruments or the market is inactive, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of financial instruments with similar characteristics or discounted cash flow method and mainly classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 financial instruments include debt instruments with quoted prices that are not traded as actively as exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, these instruments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 financial instruments primarily include certain private equity investments, investment funds, securitized products which are not classified within Level 1 or Level 2 and domestic and foreign corporate bonds for which quoted prices are not available in a market and where there is less transparency around inputs. Sony estimates the fair value for private equity investments primarily by using comparable company analysis and discounted cash flow method. The price book-value ratio and price earnings ratio of comparable companies, as well as cost of capital and EBITDA multiples for the terminal value used in discounted cash flow method, are primarily used as significant unobservable inputs in the fair value measurement of equity securities classified as Level 3. The fair value increases (decreases) as the price book-value ratio and price earnings ratio of comparable companies rise (decline). In addition, the fair value increases (decreases), as the cost of capital declines (rises) and EBITDA multiples rise (decline), both of which are used in discounted cash flow method. Sony estimates the fair value for certain investment funds by using the net asset value. Sony estimates the fair value

for securitized products and domestic and foreign corporate bonds for which quoted prices are not available in a market and where there is less transparency around inputs by using third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers without adjustment or discounted cash flow method. For validating the fair values of Level 3 financial instruments, Sony primarily uses internal models which include management judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset.

Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. However, few classes of derivative contracts are listed on an exchange; thus, the majority of Sony’s derivative positions are valued using internally developed models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters, meaning parameters that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources, including pricing services. Depending on the types and contractual terms of derivatives, fair value can be modeled using a series of techniques, such as the Black-Scholes model, which are consistently applied. For derivative products that have been established for some time, Sony uses models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. These models reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and market-based parameters such as interest rates, volatility, and the credit rating of the counterparty. Further, many of these models do not contain a high level of subjectivity as the techniques used in the models do not require significant judgment, and inputs to the model are readily observable from actively quoted markets. Such instruments are generally classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. If significant unobservable inputs are used in the models, such instruments are classified within Level 3.

In determining the fair value of Sony’s interest rate swap derivatives, Sony uses the present value of expected cash flows based on market observable interest rate yield curves commensurate with the term of each instrument. For foreign currency derivatives, Sony’s approach is to use forward contract valuation models employing market observable inputs, such as spot currency rates and time value. These derivatives are classified within Level 2 since Sony primarily uses observable inputs in its valuation of its derivative assets and liabilities.

March 31, 2025, as

,

Equity securities which are classified as financial assets required to be measured at FVPL mainly include foreign equity securities, and equity securities which are classified as financial assets designated to be measured at FVOCI mainly consist of

,

The amount of transfers is calculated by assuming that transfers between levels occurred as of April 1 if transfers between levels occur during the period from April 1 through September 30, or as of October 1 if they occur during the period from October 1 through March 31 of the following year.

The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3, significant unobservable inputs that have a material impact on fair value measurement, and their respective ranges, are as follows:

For assets classified as Level 3, there are no significant unobservable inputs that have a material impact on fair value measurement as of March 31, 2026.

The decrease (increase) in fair value of the debt securities is the result of a rise (decline) of credit spreads.

For the above assets and liabilities classified as Level 3, the fair value would not change significantly, if one or more of the significant unobservable inputs were changed to reflect reasonably possible alternative assumptions.